专题04 动词语态（过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

该高中英语讲义以“过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态”为核心，通过知识框架图系统梳理基本结构（如“had been done”“was/were being done”）和五大用法场景，用对比表格归纳无被动语态的动词短语（如belong to、happen）及主动表被动结构（如need doing），清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础通关的单项选择（如“it ______ (decorate)”考查过去进行时被动）、重难突破的语篇填空（如二战密码语篇中的时态运用），培养语言能力与思维品质。易错点拨中“get+过去分词”等口语化表达指导，帮助学生精准推断语境，支持分层复习，助力教师实施针对性教学。

专题04 动词的语态(过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态)（期末复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对动词的时态和语态题目考查比较全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多，推理判断。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握动词的时态和语态是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。考查最多的是与语法填空题中，大致分为三种题型，一是题干中提供时间状语，但是时间状语有干扰性和迷惑性。三是题干中不提供中任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或者一个结构较为复杂的句子中。我们需要掌握独特的时间状语标志和固定句型的时态。 【复习目标】 1. 复习动词的基本时态. 2. 复习动词的主动,被动语态. 3. 重点掌握动词时态和语态的形式. 4. 注意动词五种时态的核心考点. ( 过去完成时的被动语态 ) 知识点01 基本结构 被动形式：had (not) been + 过去分词（done） 知识点02 用法 1. 用在found、told、said、heard、knew、thought、reminded等动词后的宾语从句中,表示从句中的动作已经被完成。 2.当before、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般过去时,主句的被动动作发生在从句的动作之前时,主句用过去完成时的被动语态。 3.当before、by后接表示过去的时间点或过去的某一事件,且句子的动作已经被完成时,句子常用过去完成时的被动语态。 4.用在条件状语从句中,表示对过去事实的虚拟,表示从句的动作已经被完成。 5. 用在“This/That/It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中,表示that从句中的动作已经被完成。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底，他们已治疗了超过10,000名患者。 Bill had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuaded him to stay on for a few more years. 比尔本希望60岁退休，但他们说服他多留了几年。 It was the first time that I had made such a mistake. 这是我第一次犯这样的错误。 No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework. 我刚一走出门就想起我忘带作业了。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop，which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了15元。 2.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。 An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 3. “get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 4. 主动形式表示被动意义的结构 (1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw等，常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 (2)系动词如smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语。 (3)open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won’t, can’t, wouldn’t连用。 (4)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 (5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 (6)be to blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 这个错误应该归咎于谁？ 【即时检测】 1．—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there? —I would have, but my car   .(fix) 2．Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. 二、完成句子 3．Rewrite the following sentence using the past continuous passive. People were building a new bridge last year. 4．Rewrite the following sentence using the past continuous passive. They were repairing the road when I passed by. ( 过去进行时的被动语态 ) 知识点01 基本结构 (1)基本结构：was/were being＋动词的过去分词 (2)肯定句：主语＋was/were being＋动词的过去分词＋其他。 Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then. 那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。 (3)否定句：主语＋was/were not being＋动词的过去分词＋其他。 The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。 (4)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ Were the witnesses being questioned by the police when you got there last night? 昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，目击者正在接受警方的询问吗？ (5)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋was/were＋(主语＋) being＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 过去进行时的被动语态的基本结构: was/were being done。 知识点02 用法 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。常用的时间状语有then，this time last year，at that time等。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他正在接受我们经理的面试。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. 2．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 二、完成句子 1．She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. →We and we were able to find it easily. 2．The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. →The suggestion to the committee was adopted. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Unfortunately, my classmates and I went to the Art Museum last Monday, only to be told that it ________. A．decorated B．is being decorated C．was being decorated D．was decorated 2．—Did you enjoy your trip to the Nantou Ancient City last weekend? —Not really. Some parts of it________ so I wasn’t able to fully appreciate the splendid buildings. A．were rebuilt B．had been rebuilt C．were being rebuilt D．have been rebuilt 3．I got to know Mary in the school hall, where a party________at that time. A．had been held B．had held C．was being held D．was holding 4．As the museum ________ when we got there, we were very disappointed and had to turn back. A．was decorating B．had been decorated C．was being decorated D．had decorated 5．She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________. A．was following B．were following C．were being followed D．was being followed 6．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days. A．have been trapped B．had been trapped C．were trapping D．are trapping 7．By the time the firemen arrived at the scene, the big fire ______ most of the building and many people ______ to safety. A．destroyed; were rescued B．had destroyed; had been rescued C．has destroyed; are rescued D．will destroy; will be rescued 8．Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he________ jobs by a dozen computer companies A．had been offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．has offered 9．Mrs. White was very excited to know that her son _________ a position in that big company. A．has offered B．had offered C．has been offered D．had been offered 10．The brochures that were distributed at the event with high-quality images to attract more customers. A．have printed B．had printed C．have been printed D．had been printed 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 1．During the interview with the famous writer, we learned that her new novel (translate) into three foreign languages when she won the literary award last month. 2．At the time of the sudden power failure last night, the final scene of the school’s graduation play (shoot) in the auditorium, which made the cast and crew very anxious. 3．The meeting room (clean) when we arrived there this morning, so we had to wait outside. 4．Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. 5．Mr. Lee couldn’t know the incident happening in the company, because he (treat) for a sprain in hospital then. 6．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 7．To my disappointment, the cake (eat) by my little brother before I even got home from work. 8．When the reporter arrived at the old theater to do an interview, he was told that the main decorative paintings on the walls (restore) by the craftsmen the week before. 9．Before the local government launched the traditional craft protection project last year, most of the handmade paper-making tools (abandon) by the villagers for decades. 10．By the time Zhu Ping was appointed to participate in the cathedral’s restoration in February 2023, relevant research on burned wood relics (finish) by the Chinese team. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 单项选择 1．Mr. Li, our headmaster, recommends that some activities ________ to celebrate the 12th anniversary of our school. A．should hold B．are held C．be held D．will be held 2．The boss demanded that all the paper ______ on time. A．had been handed in B．be handed in C．was handed in D．must be handed in 3．Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella _______ on the bus. A．has left B．has been left C．had left D．had been left 4．A big traffic accident ________ at the corner of Renming Road yesterday afternoon. A．was happened B．happened C．was broke out D．broke out 5．The new method Mr. Wang ________ to ________ effective. A．has been devoting; is proved B．has been devoting; proving C．has been devoted; being proved D．has been devoted; proves 6．In warm weather fruit and meat ________ long. A．don’t keep B．cannot be kept C．are not kept D．are not keeping 7．My watch needs ________. And I need ________ a place to repair it. A．to repair; to find B．to repair; finding C．repairing; to find D．repairing; finding 8．The soil is so dry, and the flowers want _____. A．to be watering B．to water C．be watered D．watering 9．The special fabric of the jacket won’t __________ easily, which is __________ of materials designed for outdoor activities. A．be torn; critical B．tear; typical C．tear; practical D．be torn; classical 10．If __________ into a warm room, a piece of ice will turn into water soon. A．take B．took C．taken D．to be taken 能力提升（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 1 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 2 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 3 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 4 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 5 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 6 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 7 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 8 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 9 the Navajo language. And the code, 10 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 11 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 12 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 13 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 14 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 15 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 16 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 17 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 18 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 19 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 20 the series were first launched. 3 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词的语态(过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态)（期末复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对动词的时态和语态题目考查比较全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多，推理判断。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握动词的时态和语态是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。考查最多的是与语法填空题中，大致分为三种题型，一是题干中提供时间状语，但是时间状语有干扰性和迷惑性。三是题干中不提供中任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或者一个结构较为复杂的句子中。我们需要掌握独特的时间状语标志和固定句型的时态。 【复习目标】 1. 复习动词的基本时态. 2. 复习动词的主动,被动语态. 3. 重点掌握动词时态和语态的形式. 4. 注意动词五种时态的核心考点. ( 过去完成时的被动语态 ) 知识点01 基本结构 被动形式：had (not) been + 过去分词（done） 知识点02 用法 1. 用在found、told、said、heard、knew、thought、reminded等动词后的宾语从句中,表示从句中的动作已经被完成。 2.当before、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般过去时,主句的被动动作发生在从句的动作之前时,主句用过去完成时的被动语态。 3.当before、by后接表示过去的时间点或过去的某一事件,且句子的动作已经被完成时,句子常用过去完成时的被动语态。 4.用在条件状语从句中,表示对过去事实的虚拟,表示从句的动作已经被完成。 5. 用在“This/That/It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中,表示that从句中的动作已经被完成。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底，他们已治疗了超过10,000名患者。 Bill had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuaded him to stay on for a few more years. 比尔本希望60岁退休，但他们说服他多留了几年。 It was the first time that I had made such a mistake. 这是我第一次犯这样的错误。 No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework. 我刚一走出门就想起我忘带作业了。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态： have有；cost花费；lack 缺少；suit 适合；belong to 属于；suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成；take part in参加。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop，which cost 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书，花了15元。 2.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；run out用完。 An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed. 昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。 3. “get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周接受一次治疗。 4. 主动形式表示被动意义的结构 (1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw等，常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 (2)系动词如smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语。 (3)open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won’t, can’t, wouldn’t连用。 (4)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 (5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 (6)be to blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 这个错误应该归咎于谁？ 【即时检测】 1．—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there? —I would have, but my car   .(fix) 【答案】was being fixed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——我看见你叔叔乘出租车去机场。你为什么不开车送他去？  ——我本来想的，但我的车当时正在修理。fix和主语my car是被动关系，且结合上文“I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.”可知，此处描述过去某个时间点正在发生的动作，故应用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填was being fixed。 2．Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. 【答案】were being organized 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：三个月前，我的朋友们告诉我，当时正在组织足球比赛以促进经济和旅游业。organize（组织）是从句谓语动词，与主语“football matches”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Three months ago”和“then”可知，描述三个月前当时正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填were being organized。 二、完成句子 3．Rewrite the following sentence using the past continuous passive. People were building a new bridge last year. 【答案】A new bridge was being built last year. 【详解】考查句型转化。句意：去年人们正在建造一座新的桥梁。根据were building 可知，本句的时态为过去进行时；根据题目要求可知，变成被动语态时需将原句的宾语a new bridge变成主语，将原句的现在分词building变成现在分词的被动式being built，又因为a new bridge是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，原句的时间状语last year不变。故答案为A new bridge was being built last year. 4．Rewrite the following sentence using the past continuous passive. They were repairing the road when I passed by. 【答案】The road was being repaired when I passed by. 【详解】考查语态。句意：我经过时，他们正在修路。原句使用过去进行时的主动语态，根据题干要求，将原句宾语the road当作句子主语，repair和主语the road之间是被动关系，使用过去进行时的被动语态，且主语是the road，be动词使用was，when引导的从句不变。故答案为The road was being repaired when I passed by. ( 过去进行时的被动语态 ) 知识点01 基本结构 (1)基本结构：was/were being＋动词的过去分词 (2)肯定句：主语＋was/were being＋动词的过去分词＋其他。 Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then. 那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。 (3)否定句：主语＋was/were not being＋动词的过去分词＋其他。 The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。 (4)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ Were the witnesses being questioned by the police when you got there last night? 昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，目击者正在接受警方的询问吗？ (5)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋was/were＋(主语＋) being＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 过去进行时的被动语态的基本结构: was/were being done。 知识点02 用法 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。常用的时间状语有then，this time last year，at that time等。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他正在接受我们经理的面试。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days. 【答案】had been trapped 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。空处在who引导的定语从句中作谓语，who指代先行词two tourists，与trap之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据risked可知，此处描述过去的动作，且结合语意，游客被困这一动作发生在saved之前，所以应用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，所以此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。 2．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 【答案】had been admitted 【详解】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：到去年年底，我们学校已有200多名学生被北京大学录取。主语“Over 200 students”与“admit”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；“by the end of last year”（到去年年底）是过去完成时的标志词，故此处应填过去完成时的被动语态结构“had been+过去分词”，admit的过去分词为admitted。故填had been admitted。 二、完成句子 1．She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. →We and we were able to find it easily. 【答案】had been given clear directions by her 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：她给我们指明了方向，我们很容易就找到了。需将主动句“she had given us”转换为被动句形式，间接宾语us已经转为主语we；结合时态为过去完成时，被动形式为had been done，即had been given；再将直接宾语clear directions保留，后跟by短语by her引出动作的发出者。故答案为had been given clear directions by her。 2．The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. →The suggestion to the committee was adopted. 【答案】which had been sent/that had been sent 【详解】考查定语从句的转换。句意：送交委员会的建议被采纳了。原句中的“sent to the committee”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词suggestion。要将其改为定语从句，关系词替代先行词且在从句中作主语，可以用that/which引导，sent这个动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，即had been sent。故填which/that had been sent。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Unfortunately, my classmates and I went to the Art Museum last Monday, only to be told that it ________. A．decorated B．is being decorated C．was being decorated D．was decorated 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：遗憾的是，我和我的同学们上周一去参观了艺术博物馆，结果却被告知博物馆正在装修中。that引导名词性从句作宾语，此空在从句中作谓语，根据“Unfortunately, my classmates and I went to the Art Museum last Monday”可知，此处指上周一博物馆正在装修中，从句主语it指代the Art Museum，与动词decorate之间是被动关系，谓语动词用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为单数，此空填was being decorated。故选C项。 2．—Did you enjoy your trip to the Nantou Ancient City last weekend? —Not really. Some parts of it________ so I wasn’t able to fully appreciate the splendid buildings. A．were rebuilt B．had been rebuilt C．were being rebuilt D．have been rebuilt 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——你上周末去南头古城的旅行愉快吗? ——不太愉快。它的一些部分正在重建，所以我无法充分欣赏那些辉煌的建筑。A. were rebuilt一般过去时的被动语态；B. had been rebuilt过去完成时的被动语态；C. were being rebuilt过去进行时的被动语态；D. have been rebuilt现在完成时的被动语态。由语意可知，说话者上周末去南头古城旅行时，古城的部分地方正在重建，导致其无法充分欣赏那里的建筑，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时的被动语态。故选C项。 3．I got to know Mary in the school hall, where a party________at that time. A．had been held B．had held C．was being held D．was holding 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我在学校大厅认识了玛丽，那时一场派对正在那里举行。根据“at that time”可知，这里说的是过去某个时间点正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时；且“a party”与“hold”之间是被动关系，即“派对被举行”，所以要用过去进行时的被动语态“was/were being done”，句子主语“a party”是单数，be动词用was。故选C。 4．As the museum ________ when we got there, we were very disappointed and had to turn back. A．was decorating B．had been decorated C．was being decorated D．had decorated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当我们到达时，博物馆正在装修，我们非常失望，只能返回。根据下文“we were very disappointed and had to turn back.”可知，强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故选C项。 5．She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she as well as her brothers ________. A．was following B．were following C．were being followed D．was being followed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：她匆匆跑回家，一次都没有回头看看她和她的兄弟们是否被跟踪。空处为从句的谓语动词。根据句子“She hurriedly ran home”的语境可知，这里是说她在跑回家的过程中担心自己和兄弟们是否正被人跟踪，所以要用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”。as well as 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语保持一致，本句中前面的主语是 she，是第三人称单数，所以be动词要用was。故选D。 6．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days. A．have been trapped B．had been trapped C．were trapping D．are trapping 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。句中trap这个动作发生在过去动作risked之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。who引导的定语从句修饰two tourists，与trap之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。 7．By the time the firemen arrived at the scene, the big fire ______ most of the building and many people ______ to safety. A．destroyed; were rescued B．had destroyed; had been rescued C．has destroyed; are rescued D．will destroy; will be rescued 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：消防员赶到现场时，大火已经烧毁了大楼的大部分，许多人已被救到安全地带。“by the time + 一般过去时”表“过去的过去”，两个动作均发生在arrived之前，用过去完成时；people与rescue是被动关系，第二空用过去完成时被动语态had been rescued。故选B。 8．Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he________ jobs by a dozen computer companies A．had been offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．has offered 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业时，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。根据空前的时间状语“By the time he graduated (到他毕业时)”和语境可知，此处强调“截止到过去某个时间点（毕业），已经完成的动作”，且主语“he”与谓语“offer (提供)”之间为被动关系，所以应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A项。 9．Mrs. White was very excited to know that her son _________ a position in that big company. A．has offered B．had offered C．has been offered D．had been offered 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：怀特夫人非常兴奋地得知，她的儿子已被那家大公司提供了一个职位。儿子是被提供职位的一方，因此需要用被动语态。主句动词was excited是过去时，从句动作“被提供职位”发生在主句动作之前（即“得知”之前已发生），因此需用过去完成时（had been offered）。故选D。 10．The brochures that were distributed at the event with high-quality images to attract more customers. A．have printed B．had printed C．have been printed D．had been printed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在活动中分发的小册子已经用高质量的图片印刷出来，以吸引更多的顾客。print是主句谓语动词，与主语“The brochures”之间是被动关系，结合从句中“were distributed”可知，“印刷”这个动作发生在“分发”之前，是“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D项。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 1．During the interview with the famous writer, we learned that her new novel (translate) into three foreign languages when she won the literary award last month. 【答案】was being translated 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在对这位著名作家的采访中，我们了解到上个月她获得文学奖时，她的新小说正在被翻译成三种外语。translate(翻译)是从句谓语动词，与主语her new novel之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“when she won the literary award last month”可知，描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was being translated。 2．At the time of the sudden power failure last night, the final scene of the school’s graduation play (shoot) in the auditorium, which made the cast and crew very anxious. 【答案】was being shot 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：昨晚突然停电时，学校毕业剧的最后一场戏正在礼堂拍摄，这让全体演职人员都十分焦急。主语 the final scene与shoot为被动关系，last night以及At the time of the sudden power failure体现动作发生在过去某一时刻且正在进行，过去进行时的被动语态符合语境，主语为单数，shoot 的过去分词为 shot。故填was being shot。 3．The meeting room (clean) when we arrived there this morning, so we had to wait outside. 【答案】was being cleaned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：今天早上我们到达时，会议室正在被打扫，所以我们不得不等在外面。时间状语“when we arrived”表过去某一时刻，“meeting room”与“clean”是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，故填was being cleaned。 4．Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. 【答案】were being organized 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：三个月前，我的朋友们告诉我，当时正在组织足球比赛以促进经济和旅游业。organize（组织）是从句谓语动词，与主语“football matches”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Three months ago”和“then”可知，描述三个月前当时正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填were being organized。 5．Mr. Lee couldn’t know the incident happening in the company, because he (treat) for a sprain in hospital then. 【答案】was being treated 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：李先生不可能知道公司里发生的这件事，因为当时他正在医院治疗扭伤。由then可知，句子时态用过去进行时，表示过去的某个时刻正在做的事情，他是被治疗，因此空格处用过去进行时的被动语态，主语he是单数，因此空格处是was being treated。故填was being treated。 6．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 【答案】had been admitted 【详解】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：到去年年底，我们学校已有200多名学生被北京大学录取。主语“Over 200 students”与“admit”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；“by the end of last year”（到去年年底）是过去完成时的标志词，故此处应填过去完成时的被动语态结构“had been+过去分词”，admit的过去分词为admitted。故填had been admitted。 7．To my disappointment, the cake (eat) by my little brother before I even got home from work. 【答案】had been eaten 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：令我失望的是，我下班回家前，蛋糕就已经被我弟弟吃掉了。根据before从句中为一般过去时的got home和语境可知，“我下班回家”是过去的动作，“蛋糕被吃掉”发生在“回家”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时；且主语“the cake”与动词“eat”之间是被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been eaten。 8．When the reporter arrived at the old theater to do an interview, he was told that the main decorative paintings on the walls (restore) by the craftsmen the week before. 【答案】had been restored 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当记者到达那座老剧院进行采访时，他被告知墙上的主要装饰画已于一周前被工匠们修复好了。分析句子可知，主语the main decorative paintings与restore为被动关系；根据时间状语the week before可知，“修复画作”发生在“记者到达”这一过去动作之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时的被动语态，restore的过去分词为restored。故填had been restored。 9．Before the local government launched the traditional craft protection project last year, most of the handmade paper-making tools (abandon) by the villagers for decades. 【答案】had been abandoned 【详解】 考查动词语态。句意：在当地政府去年启动传统工艺保护项目之前，大部分手工造纸工具已经被村民弃用了几十年。分析句子结构可知，主句动作“abandon(舍弃)”发生在从句动作“launched(启动)”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。主语“tools(工具)”与动词“abandon”构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态“had been+过去分词”。时间状语“for decades”进一步印证了该动作在“launched”之前已持续多年。abandon的过去分词为abandoned。故填had been abandoned。 10．By the time Zhu Ping was appointed to participate in the cathedral’s restoration in February 2023, relevant research on burned wood relics (finish) by the Chinese team. 【答案】had been finished 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到2023年2月朱平被任命参与大教堂修复工作时，中国团队已经完成了关于烧焦木质文物的相关研究。主语relevant research与finish为被动关系，且“完成研究”发生在“被任命” 这一过去动作之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为 had been + 过去分词，finish 的过去分词为 finished。故填had been finished。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 单项选择 1．Mr. Li, our headmaster, recommends that some activities ________ to celebrate the 12th anniversary of our school. A．should hold B．are held C．be held D．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：李老师，我们的校长，建议举行一些活动来庆祝我们学校12周年。recommend“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略；本句中“that some activities ________ to celebrate the 12th anniversary of our school”为recommend的宾语从句，从句主语“some activities”与动词“hold”为动宾关系，所以空处用被动语态“should be+过去分词”，选项C符合题意。故选C。 2．The boss demanded that all the paper ______ on time. A．had been handed in B．be handed in C．was handed in D．must be handed in 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老板要求所有的论文都要按时交上来。demand表示要求所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略；且此处paper与hand in构成被动关系，故用be handed in。故选B。 3．Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella _______ on the bus. A．has left B．has been left C．had left D．had been left 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：突然，他想起他的伞落在公共汽车上了。伞是被落在公交车上，句子用被动语态，且被落下的动作发生在remembered之前，remembered是一个过去的动作，因此“被落下”用过去完成时，空格处是过去完成时的被动语态，即had been done，故选D。 4．A big traffic accident ________ at the corner of Renming Road yesterday afternoon. A．was happened B．happened C．was broke out D．broke out 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态与语态。句意：昨天下午在人民路拐角处发生了一起严重的交通事故。“happen”（发生）和“break out”（爆发）均为不及物动词/短语，无被动语态，排除A、C选项，“break out”多指战争、火灾、疾病等大规模事件的爆发，“happen”可泛指各类事件的发生，结合时间状语“yesterday afternoon”，需用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为happened。故选B项。 5．The new method Mr. Wang ________ to ________ effective. A．has been devoting; is proved B．has been devoting; proving C．has been devoted; being proved D．has been devoted; proves 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：王先生一直致力于的新方法证明是有效的。“Mr. Wang ________ to”是定语从句，修饰名词method，第一空为定语从句的谓语动词，表达“致力于”用短语be devoted to，陈述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，主语Mr. Wang是第三人称单数，助动词用has。第二空为主句的谓语动词，prove“证明是”的用法同系动词，无被动语态，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语method是第三人称单数，prove用第三人称单数形式。故选D。 6．In warm weather fruit and meat ________ long. A．don’t keep B．cannot be kept C．are not kept D．are not keeping 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在温暖的天气里，水果和肉类不易长时间保存。本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。keep意为“保持不坏”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态。故选A。 7．My watch needs ________. And I need ________ a place to repair it. A．to repair; to find B．to repair; finding C．repairing; to find D．repairing; finding 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的手表需要修理。并且我需要找个地方修理它。need doing表示“需要被……”，此时动名词主动形式表被动意义，所以第一空填repairing；need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，主语通常是人，这里“我”需要做“找地方修理手表”这件事，所以第二空填to find。故选C项。 8．The soil is so dry, and the flowers want _____. A．to be watering B．to water C．be watered D．watering 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土壤太干了，这些花需要浇水。want doing=want to be done，表示“某事需要被做”，flowers和water之间是被动关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，或使用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。故选D。 9．The special fabric of the jacket won’t __________ easily, which is __________ of materials designed for outdoor activities. A．be torn; critical B．tear; typical C．tear; practical D．be torn; classical 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：夹克的特殊面料不容易撕裂，这是专为户外活动设计的材料的典型特点。A.be torn被撕破， critical关键的，批评的； B.tear撕破， typical典型的； C.tear撕破，practical实用的； D.be torn被撕破，classical古典的。根据“The special fabric of the jacket won’t”可知，空处表示夹克的特殊面料不容易撕裂用tear，主动表达被动；be typical of意为“是……的典型特征”，根据“of materials designed for outdoor activities.”可知，第二个空处表示为户外活动设计的材料的典型特点。故选B。 10．If __________ into a warm room, a piece of ice will turn into water soon. A．take B．took C．taken D．to be taken 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态，语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：如果把一块冰带到一个温暖的房间里，很快就会变成水。根据句意可知，if引导的条件状语从句表示“如果一块冰被带到一个温暖的房间里”，句子遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时，冰是被带到房间里，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，a piece of ice是不可数名词，因此if从句是“if a piece of ice is taken into a warm room”，主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是taken。故选C。 能力提升（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 1 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 2 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 3 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 4 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 5 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 6 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 7 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 8 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 9 the Navajo language. And the code, 10 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 【答案】1．the 2．learned/learnt 3．their 4．had been broken 5．secrets 6．based 7．to keep 8．deaths 9．about 10．Which 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。 1．考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。 2．考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。 3．考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 4．考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。 5．考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。 6．考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。 7．考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。 8．考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。故填deaths。 9．考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。 10．考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 11 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 12 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 13 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 14 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 15 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 16 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 17 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 18 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 19 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 20 the series were first launched. 【答案】11．connecting 12．between 13．said 14．are equipped 15．its 16．a 17．automatically 18．limits 19．fastest 20．When 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。 11．考查现在分词。句意：随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。 12．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介词，指“两个城市之间”；between意为“两者之间”，故填between。 13．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达350公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say和句子主语This beauty, part of China'sFuxing series之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。 14．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行异常。根据固定搭配be equipped with意为“配备着”，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填are equipped。 15．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 16．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可知，主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填a。 17．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以用副词。空后是动词start，故填automatically。 18．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾语，所以用名词；空格处前有different修饰，需用名词复数。故填limits。 19．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样，表示“最快的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。 20．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。 8 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $