专题02 非谓语动词（定语，状语）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

该高中英语期末复习讲义以非谓语动词（定语、状语）为核心，通过考情分析表格梳理2023-2025年高考真题考点分布，构建“定语-状语”两大模块知识框架。每个知识点按定义阐释、典型例句、易错点拨三级递进呈现，搭配即时检测题强化理解，清晰呈现不同非谓语形式的功能差异与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与精准方法指导，基础通关题夯实语法基础，重难突破题聚焦“it形式主语/宾语”等易错点，链接高考真题培养语境运用能力。通过“动词不定式与现在分词作定语对比”等指导提升思维品质，支持分层教学，助力教师精准把握学情，促进学生自主复习效率提升。

专题02 非谓语动词(定语，状语)（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I 卷 动词不定式作定语 【考向透视】 1.聚焦非谓语动词运用：重点考查非谓语动词作足语,宾语,表语和宾语补足语。 2.重视特殊结构：“it 的形式主语/宾语的句型。 3.结合语境考查：将非谓语动词融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断非谓语动词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记非谓语动词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断非谓语动词词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“it 形式主语/宾语”结构、非谓语动词和,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写非谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用非谓语动词，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 新高考II卷 过去分词作定语 北京卷 现在分词作状语 2024 北京卷 现在/过去分词作状语 浙江卷 动词不定式作状语 过去分词作定语 新高考I 卷 动词不定式作状语 新高考II卷 过去分词作定语 现在分词作状语 2023 北京卷 现在分词作状语 动词不定式作定语 全国甲卷 动词不定式作状语 现在分词作状语 过去分词作定语 全国乙卷 过去分词作定语 现在分词完成式作状语 新高考I 卷 过去分词作定语 ( 非谓语动词之主语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作定语 　动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。这类名词有chance, way, opportunity, right,dream, ambition ,time, power, ability, attempt, promise, wish, plan, decision, tendency, failure等。 I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail. 我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。 I have the power to call on others to donate money to charities. 我有能力号召其他人捐钱给慈善机构。 His failure to react quickly enough caused the crash. 他由于反应不够迅速而导致了撞车。 易｜错｜点｜拨 (1)如果不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但place, time, way后不定式的介词常省略。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. 那位老人正在找一个安静的地方住。 (2)序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。 Yang Yang is the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics. 杨扬是中国第一个在冬奥会上获得金牌的运动员。 【即时检测】 一．单句语法填空 1．Neil Armstrong was the first person (set) foot on the moon, realizing a great dream of mankind. 2．As the meeting was drawing to a close, she became the first person (disturb) the silence—she needed to clarify an important detail about the project. 3．The company’s success lies in its ability (predict) market trends and adapt its strategies accordingly. 二. 完成句子 1．Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the weather. (改写为简单句或其他句式) __________________________ 知识点02 现在分词作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room=a room for reading　阅览室 running shoes=shoes for running　跑鞋 a working method=a method for working　工作方法 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping正在睡觉的男孩 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading to the top of the hill.(=which leads to the top of the hill)有一条通向山顶的小路。 Do you know the boy playing basketball?(=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗? 易｜错｜点｜拨 动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他的第一本书将于下月出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。 Do you see the gallery being built over there? 你看到那边正在建的美术馆了吗？ 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．This week’s magazine has a cover story (feature) an interview with the Nobel Prize winner. 2．The number of road accidents (arise) from drunk driving has decreased over the last year. 3．The researchers collected samples of the soil (surround) the rare plant to study its growth conditions. 4．Our school has many clubs, (vary) from music and art to basketball and robotics. 二、完成句子 1．Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity on behalf of my classmates. →Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity my classmates. 2．There are millions of people who are watching the opening ceremony live on TV at present. (句型转换) →There are millions of people .(v-ing形式作定语) 知识点03 过去分词作定语 (1)前置定语 　单个动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The injured driver (=the driver who was injured) was sent to the hospital immediately.受伤的司机立刻被送往医院。 Lost time (=time which is lost) can never be found again.虚度的时光无法挽回。 (2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 I was born in a small village surrounded by mountains (=which is surrounded by mountains). 我出生在一座四面环山的小村庄。 I drank some boiled water (=water which had boiled) and carried on conducting my experiment. 我喝了一些白开水后继续做实验。 (易｜错｜点｜拨 1)大多数动词-ed形式作定语时,既表被动又表完成。如:iced beer冰啤酒,cooked food熟食。 (2)少数及物动词的-ed形式只表被动,不表完成。如:spoken English英语口语,written English英语书面语。 (3)不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成,不表被动。如:fallen leaves落叶,a retired teacher一位退休教师。 【即时检测】 1．From then on, if I wanted to read a book with an ending (guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. 2．The products (label) “organic” are becoming increasingly popular among consumers who are concerned about health and the environment. 3．The research team, (motivate) by the initial success of their experiment, decided to expand their project to include more case studies. 4．When you wear a VR headset (equip) with sensors and a screen, you are surrounded by three-D images, sounds and other sensory information. 二、完成句子 1．The language, which is made up of ancient dialects and modern vocabulary, reflects the region’s history. The language, ancient dialects and modern vocabulary, reflects the region’s history. 2．用非谓语动词升级下面句子。 Ernest Shackleton and his crew went aboard the ship whose name was Endurance. ( 非谓语动词之状语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作状语 1.动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得),turn out to be 等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。 I rushed to the station only to be told that the train had already left. 我冲到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth,never to be seen again. 恐龙已经从地球上灭绝,将永不被看到。 知｜识｜拓｜展 动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。 (1)only to do结构表示意外的结果。 He worked hard, only to be informed that he was fired.他努力工作,最终却被告知他被解雇了。 (2)too...to...结构。 The old man was too poor to donate a lot of money to the flooded area.这个老人太穷了,不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。 (3)so...as to...结构。 He was so curious about the box as to open it without permission. 他对那个盒子太好奇了,未经允许就把它打开了。 (4)enough to do结构。 The girl is not old enough to go downstairs by herself.这个女孩年龄不够大,不能自己下楼。 【即时检测】 单句语法填空 1． (signal) that there is trouble ahead, a driver will turn on the warning lights. 2．The pillars are strong enough to (sustain) the weight of the roof. 3．These potential side effects, however rare they might occur, would be risky (dismiss) without considering the long-term well-being of the patients. 二、完成句子 1．My parents came back and were quite surprised to see all these.(用时间状语从句升级句子) 2．Tom is not old enough to go to school.Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home. → .Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home. → .Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home. 3．We should protect our privacy well. We should use a strong password. (改为不定式短语作目的状语) 知识点02 现在分词作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house (=After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house), he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。 2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill (= Since he was ill), he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。 3.表示结果,相当于一个并列谓语。 He was admitted into a key university,making his parents very proud (=and it made his parents very proud). 他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。 4.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons (=If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。 5.表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句。 Surfing the Internet every day (=Although I surf the Internet every day), I limit the playing time to 30 minutes. 虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。 6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (=and stared at the sky for a long time). 他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。 【即时检测】 单句语法填空 1． (date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 2．Many new technologies appeared rapidly, (dominate) the global market in just a few years. 3．During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, (encounter) different customs and practices. 4．He cut out going out the doors and just sat around at home (talk) to his parrot silently. 二、完成句子 1．Because she didn’t participate in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. (用 V-ing 形式改写句子) 2．When we visit hospitals and other health care facilities, we clown doctors work together with medical professionals. (改为非谓语动词作状语) 知识点03 过去分词作状语 多数动词-ed形式作状语时表示被动和完成,其作用相当于状语从句或and连接的并列结构,在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。 Asked (=When he was asked) whether he could do me a favor, he agreed readily. 词汇复现 当问他是否能帮我一个忙时,他欣然答应了。 Written (=Because it was written) in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。 Given (=If I am given) another hour, I can work out this tough problem. 再给我一个小时,我就能解出这道难题。 Rejected (=Although he was rejected) many times, the man did not lose heart. 虽然被拒绝了很多次,这个人并没有失去信心。 The boy slipped out of the room, followed (and was followed) by his pet dog. 这个男孩溜出了房间,后面跟着他的宠物狗。 知｜识｜拓｜展 独立主格结构 动词-ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语和句子主语一致。如果-ed形式动词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,则用“名词/代词+动词-ed”的独立主格结构。 Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.男孩仰卧着,双手交叉放在头下。 易｜错｜点｜拨 动词-ed形式作状语 (1)有些动词-ed形式因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表状态。常见的词或短语有seated,surprised, excited, frightened, shocked, confused, annoyed, embarrassed, be lost in, be dressed in, be devoted to, be addicted to, be faced with, be used/accustomed to等。 Dressed in a fancy evening dress, she was the star of the party that evening. 她穿着华丽的晚礼服,成为那天晚会的明星。 Lost in thought, he almost ran into a tree. 他陷入沉思,差点撞到一棵树上。 (2)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while (when/once/until/if/though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如: Though wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了,但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。 When asked what had happened, he lowered his head. 当问他发生了什么事的时候,他低下了头。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1． (bury) in her research on ancient history, she didn’t notice that the library was about to close. 2． (strike) by the beauty of the ancient city, she decided to stay for another two days. 3． (motivate) by the original Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence. 4． (prohibit) from using mobile phones in class, students have to focus more on listening to the teacher. 二、完成句子 1．Children are exposed to difficult situations. They are better at handling challenging situations. (句型转换) → , children are better at handling challenging situations. (过去分词短语作状语) → , children are better at handling challenging situations. (现在分词短语作状语) 2．She is occupied in doing housework all day, so she was tired out. → , she was tired out. (现在分词短语作状语) → , she was tired out.(过去分词短语作状语) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. to reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduce 2. Look! The girl ________ on the stage is my cousin, Lily. A. singing B. sung C. sing D. sings 3. With ________ leaves ________ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 4. ________ from the foot of the mountain, the temple__________back to the Ming Dynasty is truly impressive. A. Seeing; dated B. Seen; dating C. Seeing; dating D. Seen; dated 5. The goods ________ on the Internet are cheaper than ________ we buy in shops. A. being bought; that B. bought; those C. bought; that D. be bought; those 6. It is amazing that some old and outdated teaching and learning facilities in our classroom have been updated ________ us study more effectively and efficiently. A. making B. made C. having made D. to make 7. ________ me into the exhibition hall, he showed an obvious preference for ________ was exhibited there. A. Followed; what B. Following; what C. To follow; that D. To be followed; that 8. Born and ________ in a poor family, he has always ________ confidence and is afraid of doing anything wrong to let his parents ________. A. risen... lacked of... down B. rose... been lacking in... out C. bred... lacked... down D. raised... lacked... out 9. Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ that the meeting had been put off. A. told B. to be told C. being told D. having told 10. Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A. facing; performing B. faced; performing C. faced; to perform D. facing; having performed 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 1．Three protesters got (arrest) during the demonstration for blocking traffic. 2．In Japan, people favour (bow) from the waist when they meet someone else. 3． (arm) with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing your business plan. 4．Schedule (permit), I’d like to join the workshop on environmental protection this Saturday. 5．The writer eagerly opened the response from a publisher, his heart (sink) when he reached that final sentence. 6．The university (appoint) a Nobel Prize winner as honorary professor, its international reputation was significantly enhanced. 7．Everything (arrange), the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting. 8．He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known (be) the general theory of relativity. 9．With so many things (mixture) up, it’s hard to make out them. 10．The city is transforming at an incredible speed, with new buildings (spring) up everywhere. 11．With all my debt (pay) off, I felt relaxed and could finally start saving for my dream trip. 12．With his mother (help) him, he finished the work quickly. 13．With new technology (apply) to art, more and more innovative works will be created. 14．With the sun (rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 15．She sat there quietly, with a nurse (tend) to her wounds carefully. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The question ______ at tomorrow’s meeting is very important, so we’d better make careful and adequate preparations for it. A．to be discussed B．discussed C．being discussed D．to discuss 2．Why not ________ your teacher for advice when you don’t know ________ the problem. A．to ask; how to deal with B．ask; what to do with C．ask; what to deal with D．to ask; how to do with 3．The board members are currently debating ________ to invest heavily in the emerging markets or to maintain conservative strategies. A．if B．whether C．that whether D．how 4．________ himself in finishing his report, he had little time to have a rest . A．Occupied B．Occupying C．Having been occupied D．Being occupied 5．Mother always tells me to believe in myself, ________ that nothing is too difficult to a willing heart. A．to say B．saying C．said D．having said 6．______ on September 30th 2019, the film soon became a great hit. A．Releasing B．Released C．Being Released D．To release 7．With the most difficult problems ______, the newly-elected chairman felt greatly delighted. A．to settle B．settling C．settled D．being settled 8．With dinner ________, my mother went on to water her vegetables. A．had prepared B．prepared C．preparing D．to prepare 9．It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins. A．that; buried B．when; buried C．that; burying D．when; burying 10．Your efforts are truly praiseworthy; still, I regret ________ that your essay needs ________ before the submission. A．to say; revising B．saying; to revise C．to say; being revised D．saying; to be revised 11．________, the online course officially began with a live welcome session. A．After all student registrations being confirmed B．Because all student registrations confirmed C．All student registrations are confirmed D．All student registrations confirmed 12．The Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Jilin and Heilongjiang, with boundaries ________ all the way to the border and ________ with Russia’s wildlife reserves. A．stretching; joined B．stretched; joining C．stretched; joined D．stretching; joining 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 1.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine 2.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 3.（2025年北京卷When ________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 4.（2024年北京卷And when 　　　　　(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).Tinniswood, 5.（2024年北京卷Just then, some kids ran at him, 　　　　　(knock) his books out of his arms. 6. （2024年1月浙江）However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 7. （2024年1月浙江）Over the last two years, some supermarkets had started selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 8. (2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷) These sepals open on warm days 　　　　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 9. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60.　　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 10. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) 　　　　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion Edmondson said, 11.(2023年北京卷)When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 12.(2023年北京卷)She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 13.(2023∙全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 41 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 14.(2023∙全国甲卷) her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 15.(2023∙全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 16.(2023∙全国乙卷) it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 17.(2023∙全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,. 18. (2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 19. (2023∙浙江1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _______ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 2 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非谓语动词(定语，状语)（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I 卷 动词不定式作定语 【考向透视】 1.聚焦非谓语动词运用：重点考查非谓语动词作足语,宾语,表语和宾语补足语。 2.重视特殊结构：“it 的形式主语/宾语的句型。 3.结合语境考查：将非谓语动词融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断非谓语动词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记非谓语动词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断非谓语动词词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“it 形式主语/宾语”结构、非谓语动词和,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写非谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用非谓语动词，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 新高考II卷 过去分词作定语 北京卷 现在分词作状语 2024 北京卷 现在/过去分词作状语 浙江卷 动词不定式作状语 过去分词作定语 新高考I 卷 动词不定式作状语 新高考II卷 过去分词作定语 现在分词作状语 2023 北京卷 现在分词作状语 动词不定式作定语 全国甲卷 动词不定式作状语 现在分词作状语 过去分词作定语 全国乙卷 过去分词作定语 现在分词完成式作状语 新高考I 卷 过去分词作定语 ( 非谓语动词之主语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作定语 　动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。这类名词有chance, way, opportunity, right,dream, ambition ,time, power, ability, attempt, promise, wish, plan, decision, tendency, failure等。 I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail. 我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。 I have the power to call on others to donate money to charities. 我有能力号召其他人捐钱给慈善机构。 His failure to react quickly enough caused the crash. 他由于反应不够迅速而导致了撞车。 易｜错｜点｜拨 (1)如果不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但place, time, way后不定式的介词常省略。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. 那位老人正在找一个安静的地方住。 (2)序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。 Yang Yang is the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics. 杨扬是中国第一个在冬奥会上获得金牌的运动员。 【即时检测】 一．单句语法填空 1．Neil Armstrong was the first person (set) foot on the moon, realizing a great dream of mankind. 【答案】to set 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人，实现了人类的伟大梦想。当名词前有序数词“the first”修饰时，其后常用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“第一个做某事的人/物”，固定搭配“set foot on”意为“登上；踏上”，所以此处为动词不定式to set。故填to set。 2．As the meeting was drawing to a close, she became the first person (disturb) the silence—she needed to clarify an important detail about the project. 【答案】to disturb 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在会议即将结束之际，她成了第一个打破沉默的人——她需要澄清关于这个项目的一个重要细节。名词由序数词the first修饰，后接不定式作后置定语。故填to disturb。 3．The company’s success lies in its ability (predict) market trends and adapt its strategies accordingly. 【答案】to predict 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家公司的成功在于它有能力预测市场趋势，并相应地调整策略。ability to do sth做某事的能力，不定式作后置定语，故填 to predict。 二. 完成句子 1．Whether we can finish the task on time depends on the weather. (改写为简单句或其他句式) 【答案】Our ability to finish the task on time depends on the weather. 【详解】考查主语从句。原句句意：我们是否能按时完成任务取决于天气。原句为主从复合句，连接词Whether引导主语从句，表示“我们是否能按时完成任务”，可改为名词短语Our ability to finish the task on time，其中不定式作后置定语，表示“我们按时完成任务的能力”，其他部分不变。故改为：Our ability to finish the task on time depends on the weather. 知识点02 现在分词作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room=a room for reading　阅览室 running shoes=shoes for running　跑鞋 a working method=a method for working　工作方法 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping正在睡觉的男孩 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading to the top of the hill.(=which leads to the top of the hill)有一条通向山顶的小路。 Do you know the boy playing basketball?(=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗? 易｜错｜点｜拨 动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他的第一本书将于下月出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。 Do you see the gallery being built over there? 你看到那边正在建的美术馆了吗？ 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．This week’s magazine has a cover story (feature) an interview with the Nobel Prize winner. 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这周的杂志封面故事刊登了一篇对诺贝尔奖获得者的采访。此处修饰名词story，feature和story为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填featuring。 2．The number of road accidents (arise) from drunk driving has decreased over the last year. 【答案】arising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去一年里，由醉酒驾驶引起的交通事故数量有所减少。本句谓语为has decreased，此处为非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰名词road accidents，且road accidents与arise“产生，引起”为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填arising。 3．The researchers collected samples of the soil (surround) the rare plant to study its growth conditions. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员采集了这种稀有植物周围土壤的样本，以研究其生长条件。空处用于修饰名词soil，且soil与surround之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式surrounding作后置定语。故填surrounding。 4．Our school has many clubs, (vary) from music and art to basketball and robotics. 【答案】varying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校有很多社团，从音乐、艺术到篮球和机器人技术，种类繁多。Our school has many clubs是主句，说明此空是非谓语。clubs与vary是主谓关系，应用现在分词varying作后置定语。故填varying。 二、完成句子 1．Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity on behalf of my classmates. →Luckily, I was selected to take part in an activity my classmates. 【答案】representing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，我被选中代表我的同学参加一个活动。分析原句可知 “on behalf of”的含义，它表示“代表”。根据题目要求进行同义替换，在英语中“represent”有“代表”的意思，这里需要用它的非谓语形式来替换原短语。因为句子中已经有了谓语动词“was selected”，“代表同学们”这个动作和句子主语“I”之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式“representing”作后置定语修饰activity。故填representing。 2．There are millions of people who are watching the opening ceremony live on TV at present. (句型转换) →There are millions of people .(v-ing形式作定语) 【答案】watching the opening ceremony live on TV at present 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在有成千上万的人正在电视上观看开幕式的现场直播。原句是who引导的定语从句，修饰people，可改写为非谓语动词作后置定语，watch和people之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式，故填watching the opening ceremony live on TV at present。 知识点03 过去分词作定语 (1)前置定语 　单个动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The injured driver (=the driver who was injured) was sent to the hospital immediately.受伤的司机立刻被送往医院。 Lost time (=time which is lost) can never be found again.虚度的时光无法挽回。 (2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 I was born in a small village surrounded by mountains (=which is surrounded by mountains). 我出生在一座四面环山的小村庄。 I drank some boiled water (=water which had boiled) and carried on conducting my experiment. 我喝了一些白开水后继续做实验。 (易｜错｜点｜拨 1)大多数动词-ed形式作定语时,既表被动又表完成。如:iced beer冰啤酒,cooked food熟食。 (2)少数及物动词的-ed形式只表被动,不表完成。如:spoken English英语口语,written English英语书面语。 (3)不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成,不表被动。如:fallen leaves落叶,a retired teacher一位退休教师。 【即时检测】 1．From then on, if I wanted to read a book with an ending (guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. 【答案】guaranteed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，如果我想读一本结局肯定是圆满的书，我就会拿起一本爱情浪漫小说。空处修饰名词“ending”，作后置定语，“guarantee”与“ending”之间为被动关系，所以此处用过去分词形式作定语。故填guaranteed。 2．The products (label) “organic” are becoming increasingly popular among consumers who are concerned about health and the environment. 【答案】labelled/labeled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：贴有“有机”标签的产品越来越受到关心健康和环境的消费者的欢迎。句中谓语是are becoming，空格处用非谓语动词，products和label之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填labelled/labeled。 3．The research team, (motivate) by the initial success of their experiment, decided to expand their project to include more case studies. 【答案】motivated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究团队在实验的初步成功激励下，决定扩大项目范围以纳入更多案例研究。此处为非谓语，动词motivate和名词The research team之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填motivated。 4．When you wear a VR headset (equip) with sensors and a screen, you are surrounded by three-D images, sounds and other sensory information. 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你佩戴装有传感器和屏幕的VR头显时，会被三维图像、声音及其他感官信息环绕。动词equip与逻辑主语VR headset构成被动关系，用其过去分词，作后置定语。故填equipped。 二、完成句子 1．The language, which is made up of ancient dialects and modern vocabulary, reflects the region’s history. The language, ancient dialects and modern vocabulary, reflects the region’s history. 【答案】 consisting/composed/comprised of 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种语言由古代方言和现代词汇组成，反映了该地区的历史。be made up of =be composed /comprised of =consist of，均表示“由……组成”，空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，be composed /comprised of去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式，consist of与逻辑主语The language之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式。故填consisting /composed /comprised of。 2．用非谓语动词升级下面句子。 Ernest Shackleton and his crew went aboard the ship whose name was Endurance. 【答案】Ernest Shackleton and his crew went aboard the ship named Endurance. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Ernest Shackleton和他的船员登上了这艘名为“耐力”的船。根据提高要求，使用非谓语动词进行升级，原句为whose引导的限制性定语从句，对先行词ship进行修饰；根据句意，表示“命名”用动词name，其与ship之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。故答案为Ernest Shackleton and his crew went aboard the ship named Endurance. ( 非谓语动词之状语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作状语 1.动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得),turn out to be 等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。 I rushed to the station only to be told that the train had already left. 我冲到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。 Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth,never to be seen again. 恐龙已经从地球上灭绝,将永不被看到。 知｜识｜拓｜展 动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。 (1)only to do结构表示意外的结果。 He worked hard, only to be informed that he was fired.他努力工作,最终却被告知他被解雇了。 (2)too...to...结构。 The old man was too poor to donate a lot of money to the flooded area.这个老人太穷了,不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。 (3)so...as to...结构。 He was so curious about the box as to open it without permission. 他对那个盒子太好奇了,未经允许就把它打开了。 (4)enough to do结构。 The girl is not old enough to go downstairs by herself.这个女孩年龄不够大,不能自己下楼。 【即时检测】 单句语法填空 1． (signal) that there is trouble ahead, a driver will turn on the warning lights. 【答案】To signal 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了发出前方有危险的信号，司机会打开警示灯。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了示意前方有麻烦”，首字母大写，故填To signal。 2．The pillars are strong enough to (sustain) the weight of the roof. 【答案】sustain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些柱子足够坚固，能够支撑屋顶的重量。设空处前为不定式符号 to，此处应填动词原形构成动词不定式短语，作结果状语，根据下文“the weight of the roof (屋顶的重量)”可知此处应填表示“支撑”含义的表达，应用所给单词sustain的原形。故填sustain。 3．These potential side effects, however rare they might occur, would be risky (dismiss) without considering the long-term well-being of the patients. 【答案】to dismiss 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，无论这些潜在副作用发生的概率有多低，若不考虑患者的长期健康，就忽视它们是有风险的。be risky to do sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事是有风险的”。故填to dismiss。 二、完成句子 1．My parents came back and were quite surprised to see all these.(用时间状语从句升级句子) 【答案】When my parents came back, they were quite surprised to see all these. 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我的父母回来后看到这一切都很惊讶。根据要求，原句的My parents came back 可转换为连词when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当我父母回来的时候”，原句为一般过去时态，故从句为when my parents came back，原句的were quite surprised to see all these转换为主句为“他们看到这一切都很惊讶”，表达为they were quite surprised to see all these，形容词surprised作表语，动词不定式作原因状语。结合其他汉语提示，故答案为：When my parents came back, they were quite surprised to see all these. 2．Tom is not old enough to go to school.Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home. → .Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home. → .Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home. 【答案】 Tom is too young to go to school Tom is so young that he can't go to school 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：汤姆还没到上学的年龄，所以他妈妈在家照顾他。表示“年龄不够上学”既可用too……to……“太……而不能”也可以用so……that……“如此……以致于……”引导结果状语从句，故第一空填Tom is too young to go to school，第二空填Tom is so young that he can't go to school。 3．We should protect our privacy well. We should use a strong password. (改为不定式短语作目的状语) 【答案】We should use a strong password to protect our privacy well. 【详解】考查不定式短语作目的状语。句意：为了很好地保护我们的隐私，我们应该使用一个强密码。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为We should use a strong password，已有谓语动词should use，需用不定式短语to protect our privacy well作目的状语。故填We should use a strong password to protect our privacy well. 知识点02 现在分词作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house (=After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house), he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。 2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill (= Since he was ill), he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。 3.表示结果,相当于一个并列谓语。 He was admitted into a key university,making his parents very proud (=and it made his parents very proud). 他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。 4.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons (=If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。 5.表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句。 Surfing the Internet every day (=Although I surf the Internet every day), I limit the playing time to 30 minutes. 虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。 6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (=and stared at the sky for a long time). 他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。 【即时检测】 单句语法填空 1． (date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 【答案】Dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧可追溯至18世纪，已有两百多年的历史。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词has且无其它连词，所以此处动词短语“date back to (追溯至)”应用非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语“Peking Opera”之间是主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Dating。 2．Many new technologies appeared rapidly, (dominate) the global market in just a few years. 【答案】dominating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多新技术迅速出现，在短短几年内就主导了全球市场。本句谓语为appeared，此处为非谓语动词，且Many new technologies与dominate“主导”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填dominating。 3．During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, (encounter) different customs and practices. 【答案】encountering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他的旅行中，他游览了著名的山脉和壮阔的河流，同时也见识到了各地不同的风俗习惯。此处encounter与he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填encountering。 4．He cut out going out the doors and just sat around at home (talk) to his parrot silently. 【答案】talking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不再出门了，只是呆坐在家里，默默地和他的鹦鹉交谈。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词talk与句子的主语he之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词talking作状语。故填talking。 二、完成句子 1．Because she didn’t participate in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. (用 V-ing 形式改写句子) 【答案】Not participating in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：因为没有参加讨论，Mary向同学询问讨论的结果。原句中because引导的原因状语从句，可改为分词作状语，participate in和逻辑主语Mary之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案为Not participating in the discussion, Mary asked her classmate for the result. 2．When we visit hospitals and other health care facilities, we clown doctors work together with medical professionals. (改为非谓语动词作状语) 【答案】Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities, we clown doctors work together with medical professionals. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们参观医院和其他医疗机构时，小丑医生与医疗专业人员一起工作。根据题干要求，使用 非谓语动词作状语；句中work为谓语动词，visit应该使用非谓语动词，visit与we之间是主动关系，且表示该动作与谓语动作同时发生，表示伴随，故使用现在分词作状语。故答案为Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities, we clown doctors work together with medical professionals. 知识点03 过去分词作状语 多数动词-ed形式作状语时表示被动和完成,其作用相当于状语从句或and连接的并列结构,在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。 Asked (=When he was asked) whether he could do me a favor, he agreed readily. 词汇复现 当问他是否能帮我一个忙时,他欣然答应了。 Written (=Because it was written) in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。 Given (=If I am given) another hour, I can work out this tough problem. 再给我一个小时,我就能解出这道难题。 Rejected (=Although he was rejected) many times, the man did not lose heart. 虽然被拒绝了很多次,这个人并没有失去信心。 The boy slipped out of the room, followed (and was followed) by his pet dog. 这个男孩溜出了房间,后面跟着他的宠物狗。 知｜识｜拓｜展 独立主格结构 动词-ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语和句子主语一致。如果-ed形式动词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,则用“名词/代词+动词-ed”的独立主格结构。 Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.男孩仰卧着,双手交叉放在头下。 易｜错｜点｜拨 动词-ed形式作状语 (1)有些动词-ed形式因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表状态。常见的词或短语有seated,surprised, excited, frightened, shocked, confused, annoyed, embarrassed, be lost in, be dressed in, be devoted to, be addicted to, be faced with, be used/accustomed to等。 Dressed in a fancy evening dress, she was the star of the party that evening. 她穿着华丽的晚礼服,成为那天晚会的明星。 Lost in thought, he almost ran into a tree. 他陷入沉思,差点撞到一棵树上。 (2)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while (when/once/until/if/though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如: Though wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了,但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。 When asked what had happened, he lowered his head. 当问他发生了什么事的时候,他低下了头。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1． (bury) in her research on ancient history, she didn’t notice that the library was about to close. 【答案】Buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她埋头于古代历史的研究，没有注意到图书馆即将关门。“(bury) in her research on ancient history”在句中作原因状语，bury(埋头于，专心于)用非谓语形式，常用于固定短语bury oneself in，与其逻辑主语she之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Buried。 2． (strike) by the beauty of the ancient city, she decided to stay for another two days. 【答案】Struck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被这座古城的美所打动，她决定再待两天。本句谓语为decided，此处为非谓语动词，且she与strike“打动，给人……印象”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Struck。 3． (motivate) by the original Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence. 【答案】Motivated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受最初奥林匹克格言“更快，更高，更强”的激励，许多著名的运动员都致力于取得卓越的运动成就。分析句子可知，have devoted是谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词，主语many well-known athletes和motivate是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Motivated。 4． (prohibit) from using mobile phones in class, students have to focus more on listening to the teacher. 【答案】Prohibited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们被禁止在课堂上使用手机，他们必须更专注于听老师讲课。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是主句，此空应是非谓语。students与prohibit是动宾关系(学生被禁止)，此空需用过去分词prohibited作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Prohibited。 二、完成句子 1．Children are exposed to difficult situations. They are better at handling challenging situations. (句型转换) → , children are better at handling challenging situations. (过去分词短语作状语) → , children are better at handling challenging situations. (现在分词短语作状语) 【答案】 Exposed to difficult situations Exposing themselves to difficult situations 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：孩子们面临着困难的处境。他们更善于处理具有挑战性的情况。be exposed to“暴露于”为固定搭配，在第一个句型中，动词expose与其逻辑主语children之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作状语；expose oneself to“使自己暴露于”为固定搭配，在第二个句型中，动词expose与其逻辑主语children之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，children的反身代词为themselves，句首字母大写，故空1答案为Exposed to difficult situations；空2答案为Exposing themselves to difficult situations。 2．She is occupied in doing housework all day, so she was tired out. → , she was tired out. (现在分词短语作状语) → , she was tired out.(过去分词短语作状语) 【答案】 Occupying herself in doing housework all day Occupied in doing housework all day 【详解】考查现在分词和过去分词。句意：她整天忙于做家务，所以累坏了。“某人忙于做某事”有sb. be occupied in doing sth.和sb. occupy oneself in doing sth.两种固定搭配。第一空要求用现在分词短语作状语，应用sb. occupy oneself in doing sth.这一固定搭配，she和occupy是主谓关系，此空应是Occupying herself in doing housework all day。第二空要求用过去分词短语作状语，应用sb. be occupied in doing sth.这一固定搭配，she和occupy构成动宾关系(她被家务占据时间)，此空应是Occupied in doing housework all day。故①Occupying herself in doing housework all day ②Occupied in doing housework all day。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. to reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduce 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是我们能想出来的减少学生洗漱用水过多的唯一的方法 。 “做某事的方法”可以说成是the way to do sth, the way of doing sth,或者the way+从句。本题中way有两个定语：一个是从句we can imagine(来修饰the way,the way 作imagine的宾语，可以用关系词that/which，也可省略。本句中就是省略)，另一个是to reduce。故选A。 2. Look! The girl ________ on the stage is my cousin, Lily. A. singing B. sung C. sing D. sings 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩是我的表妹莉莉。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的系动词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，“ on the stage”在句中作后置定语。逻辑主语The girl和动词sing之间是主谓关系，且根据Look可知，这里表示动作正在进行，所以应用现在分词singing。故选A项。 3. With ________ leaves ________ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着落叶每年被埋在地下，土壤变得越来越肥沃。空格处构成“with+名词+过去分词”的结构，fallen leaves 表示“落叶”，过去分词作定语表示完成；leaves和bury之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 4. ________ from the foot of the mountain, the temple__________back to the Ming Dynasty is truly impressive. A. Seeing; dated B. Seen; dating C. Seeing; dating D. Seen; dated 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山脚看来，这座追溯到明朝的寺庙真的令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知，主句主语为temple，动词see与之存在被动关系，应用过去分词seen，作方式状语；名词temple后为后置定语，date back意为“追溯”，temple与之存在主动关系，应用现在分词dating，作后置定语。故选B项。 5. The goods ________ on the Internet are cheaper than ________ we buy in shops. A. being bought; that B. bought; those C. bought; that D. be bought; those 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意：在网上买的东西比我们在商店买的东西便宜。第一空是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词goods，且名词goods和动词buy二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词bought做后置定语。第二空处比较对象与前文一致，都是goods，为了避免重复，用代词指代，that代指前面的单数名词，those代指前面的复数名词，此处商店买的商品和网上买的商品是同类异物，且the goods是复数名词，因此用those指代。故选B。 6. It is amazing that some old and outdated teaching and learning facilities in our classroom have been updated ________ us study more effectively and efficiently. A. making B. made C. having made D. to make 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：令人惊讶的是，我们教室里一些旧的和过时的教学设备被更新了，使我们学习更有效、高效。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故选D项。 7. ________ me into the exhibition hall, he showed an obvious preference for ________ was exhibited there. A. Followed; what B. Following; what C. To follow; that D. To be followed; that 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意：跟着我进入展厅后，他对那里展出的东西表现出了明显的偏爱。第一个空考查非谓语动词作状语，句子主语he与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式following；第二个空考查宾语从句，从句中“was exhibited there”缺少主语，应用连接代词what引导从句，故选B项。 8. Born and ________ in a poor family, he has always ________ confidence and is afraid of doing anything wrong to let his parents ________. A. risen... lacked of... down B. rose... been lacking in... out C. bred... lacked... down D. raised... lacked... out 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析、固定搭配及非谓语动词。句意：他在一个贫困的家庭出生并被抚养长大，一直缺乏自信，还害怕做错任何事让父母失望。第一空，分析句子结构，“Born”为过去分词作状语，此处与“Born”并列，也需用过去分词形式，且表示“被抚养”的含义：A项“risen”(rise的过去分词)意为“上升”，无“抚养”义；B项“rose”(rise的过去式)是谓语动词形式，不可作状语，且含义不符；D项“raised”(raise的过去分词)虽有“抚养”义，但后续搭配存在错误，暂不考虑；C项“bred”(breed的过去分词)可表示“养育、抚养”，符合“被动抚养”的语境及语法要求。第二空，考查“缺乏”的表达：A项“lacked of”搭配错误，“lack”作动词时直接接宾语，无需“of”；B项“been lacking in”虽语法正确，但结合语境“一直缺乏”，用一般过去时“lacked”更简洁贴合；C项“lacked”为动词过去式，直接接宾语“confidence”，搭配正确；D项“lacked”本身正确，但后续“let out”搭配错误。第三空为固定短语“let sb. down”，意为“让某人失望”；“let sb. out”意为“让某人出去”，不符合语境。故选C项。 9. Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ that the meeting had been put off. A. told B. to be told C. being told D. having told 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知会议推迟了。主句的主干成分完整，结合空前的“only”可推知，空处表示出乎意料的结果，表示“不料却，结果却”，作结果状语，且tell“告知”和Kathy逻辑上是被动关系，因此用tell的不定式被动语态to be told。故选B。 10. Some psychologists suggest that when ________ with a difficult task, one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ well. A. facing; performing B. faced; performing C. faced; to perform D. facing; having performed 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略、非谓语动词。句意：一些心理学家建议，当面对一项困难的任务时，一个人如果在心理上想象自己表现良好，就能提高自己的表现。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。故“when ________ with a difficult task”为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when one is_______(face) with a difficult task，be faced with“面对”为固定短语，第一空用过去分词faced。imagine sb doing sth为固定短语，意为“想象某人做某事”，第二空应用perform“表现”的现在分词performing，作宾补。故选B。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 1．Three protesters got (arrest) during the demonstration for blocking traffic. 【答案】arrested 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：三名抗议者在示威活动中因阻碍交通而被捕。arrest和主语之间是被动关系，get+过去分词结构在英语中可以用来表示被动语态，arrest的过去分词是arrested。故填arrested。 2．In Japan, people favour (bow) from the waist when they meet someone else. 【答案】bowing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：在日本，人们见面时喜欢从腰部鞠躬。分析句子结构可知，这里考查favour doing sth.，是固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此空格处需填动名词形式bowing，符合语境。故填bowing。 3． (arm) with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing your business plan. 【答案】Armed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：掌握了你收集到的信息，你就可以着手准备你的商业计划了。此处arm是动词，意为“武装；装备；使掌握(知识、技能等)”。根据“sb. be armed with sth. (掌握……；配备……)”的固定用法可知，此处应用过去分词作状语。句首字母应大写。故填Armed。 4．Schedule (permit), I’d like to join the workshop on environmental protection this Saturday. 【答案】permitting 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果时间允许，我想参加这个星期六的环境保护讲习班。逗号前的部分为独立主格结构作状语，permit和逻辑主语schedule为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填permitting。 5．The writer eagerly opened the response from a publisher, his heart (sink) when he reached that final sentence. 【答案】sinking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位作家急切地打开出版商的回复，当他读到最后一句话时，他的心沉了下去。句子的主干为“The writer eagerly opened the response from a publisher”，逗号后“his heart ______ (sink) when he reached that final sentence”为独立主格结构，作伴随状语。其中逻辑主语his heart与动词sink（下沉）之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式sinking。故填sinking。 6．The university (appoint) a Nobel Prize winner as honorary professor, its international reputation was significantly enhanced. 【答案】having appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该大学任命了一位诺贝尔奖获得者为名誉教授，其国际声誉得到了显著提升。逗号前的部分为独立主格结构。“任命”的动作发生在动作“声誉提升”之前，appoint与其逻辑主语The university之间存在主动关系，需用现在分词的完成式表示having appointed。故填having appointed。 7．Everything (arrange), the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting. 【答案】arranged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一切都安排好了，经理动身去英国参加一个重要的商务会议。句中已有谓语动词“left”，且前后无连词，故此处应用非谓语动词。“Everything”与“arrange”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词与everything构成独立主格结构作状语。故填arranged。 8．He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known (be) the general theory of relativity. 【答案】being 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他为世界做出了诸多贡献，其中最为人所知的便是广义相对论。此处没有连词，为独立主格结构。theory和be之间为主动关系，使用现在分词形式，故填being。 9．With so many things (mixture) up, it’s hard to make out them. 【答案】mixed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这么多东西混在一起，很难分辨出来。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定搭配，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，so many things和mix为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填mixed。 10．The city is transforming at an incredible speed, with new buildings (spring) up everywhere. 【答案】springing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座城市正以惊人的速度变化着，到处都有新建筑拔地而起。分析句子结构可知，这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，此处new buildings与spring之间是主动关系，需用现在分词springing作宾语补足语，符合“新建筑主动出现”的逻辑。故填springing。 11．With all my debt (pay) off, I felt relaxed and could finally start saving for my dream trip. 【答案】paid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：还清了所有的债务，我感到轻松，终于可以开始为我的梦想之旅存钱了。在with复合结构中，宾语debt和pay off是被动关系，且该动作已经完成，应用过去分词表被动和完成。故填paid。 12．With his mother (help) him, he finished the work quickly. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：在他母亲的帮助下，他很快完成了工作。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为with复合结构，此处“his mother”与“help”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词“helping”作宾语补足语。故填helping。 13．With new technology (apply) to art, more and more innovative works will be created. 【答案】applied 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着新技术被应用于艺术，越来越多的创新作品将会被创作出来。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，apply“应用”与宾语new technology之间是被动关系，用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填applied。 14．With the sun (rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 【答案】rising 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：随着太阳升起，泰山之巅沐浴在灿烂的阳光中。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语“the sun”（太阳）与 “rise”（升起）之间是主动关系，且“rise”这一动作正在进行，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填rising。 15．She sat there quietly, with a nurse (tend) to her wounds carefully. 【答案】tending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她安静地坐在那儿，一位护士在小心地护理她的伤口。空处在with复合结构中作宾补，宾语nurse和tend to之间逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。故填tending。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The question ______ at tomorrow’s meeting is very important, so we’d better make careful and adequate preparations for it. A．to be discussed B．discussed C．being discussed D．to discuss 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：明天会议要讨论的问题很重要，所以我们最好认真、充分地准备。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰question，根据at tomorrow’s meeting可知，是问题将来被讨论，question和discuss为被动关系，所以此处为动词不定式的被动语态结构作后置定语修饰question，表示将要发生的动作。故选A项。 2．Why not ________ your teacher for advice when you don’t know ________ the problem. A．to ask; how to deal with B．ask; what to do with C．ask; what to deal with D．to ask; how to do with 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型和疑问词+动词不定式。句意：当你不知道如何处理这个问题时，为什么不向你的老师寻求建议呢？固定句型 Why not do sth.，意为“为什么不做某事”，用于提出建议。what to do with或者how to deal with，为固定搭配。故选B项。 3．The board members are currently debating ________ to invest heavily in the emerging markets or to maintain conservative strategies. A．if B．whether C．that whether D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查疑问词+动词不定式。句意：董事会成员目前正在辩论是否大力投资新兴市场还是保持保守策略。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，根据句意可知，表示“是否”用疑问词whether。故选B。 4．________ himself in finishing his report, he had little time to have a rest . A．Occupied B．Occupying C．Having been occupied D．Being occupied 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因忙于要完成他的报告，他几乎没有时间休息。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查现在分词作状语。因“忙于”这个动作是句子主语“he”主动发出的动作，并且和谓语“had”是同时发生，所以用现在分词的主动形式的一般式作原因状语。故选B。 5．Mother always tells me to believe in myself, ________ that nothing is too difficult to a willing heart. A．to say B．saying C．said D．having said 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：妈妈总是告诉我要相信自己，说世上无难事，只怕有心人。逻辑主语Mother与say之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，也表示动作的同时进行。故选B。 6．______ on September 30th 2019, the film soon became a great hit. A．Releasing B．Released C．Being Released D．To release 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影于2019年9月30日上映，很快就大获成功。句中已有谓语became，此空应是非谓语。the film与release是动宾关系，且2019年是过去时间，此处需用过去分词Released表被动和完成。故选B。 7．With the most difficult problems ______, the newly-elected chairman felt greatly delighted. A．to settle B．settling C．settled D．being settled 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：最困难的问题解决了，新当选的主席感到非常高兴。动词settle意为“解决”，在with的复合结构中，和逻辑主语the most difficult problems构成被动关系，根据“the newly-elected chairman felt greatly delighted”可知，此处是指已经解决了，所以应用过去分词形式。故选C。 8．With dinner ________, my mother went on to water her vegetables. A．had prepared B．prepared C．preparing D．to prepare 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：晚饭准备好后，妈妈开始给蔬菜浇水。空格处是with复合结构，dinner和prepare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，此处过去分词既表被动也表完成，故选B。 9．It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins. A．that; buried B．when; buried C．that; burying D．when; burying 【答案】A 【详解】考查it强调句句式和过去分词。句意：地震是在凌晨3点发生的。数百人丧生，许多人被埋在废墟中。去掉it was和空格后句子完整，所以此处为it强调句句式，即“it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”，且此处强调的是物，所以应用that。在with的复合结构中，动词bury意为“埋”，和逻辑主语a lot构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故选A。 10．Your efforts are truly praiseworthy; still, I regret ________ that your essay needs ________ before the submission. A．to say; revising B．saying; to revise C．to say; being revised D．saying; to be revised 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的努力确实值得称赞；不过，我很遗憾地说，你的论文在提交前需要修改。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查regret to do sth.，用于表达“遗憾要做某事”（后接告知类动词）；第二空考查need doing，等同于need to be done，表“某物需要被……”，结合语境，A项符合固定搭配和语义逻辑。故选A项。 11．________, the online course officially began with a live welcome session. A．After all student registrations being confirmed B．Because all student registrations confirmed C．All student registrations are confirmed D．All student registrations confirmed 【答案】D 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：所有学生的注册信息确认后，这门线上课程以一场直播欢迎会正式启动。A. After all student registrations being confirmed 语法错误：after是连词，后接从句时需用完整谓语结构（如 after all student registrations were confirmed）；若接非谓语动词，需省略being，直接用after all student registrations confirmed（独立主格形式），being多余，排除。B. Because all student registrations confirmed语法错误，because后接从句需完整谓语（如 because all student registrations were confirmed”），直接用 confirmed（过去分词）缺少谓语动词，结构不完整，排除。C. All student registrations are confirmed 语法错误，这是一个完整的主谓宾句子，而题干中前后两部分无连词连接（逗号不能连接两个独立句子），属于“逗号连接两个分句” 的语法错误（run-on sentence），排除。D. All student registrations confirmed正确结构：独立主格结构（逻辑主语all student registrations+过去分词 confirmed）。故选D项。 12．The Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Jilin and Heilongjiang, with boundaries ________ all the way to the border and ________ with Russia’s wildlife reserves. A．stretching; joined B．stretched; joining C．stretched; joined D．stretching; joining 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：东北虎豹国家公园位于吉林和黑龙江，其边界一直延伸到边境，并与俄罗斯的野生动物保护区相连。句子使用with的复合结构作状语，boundaries与stretch（延伸）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式stretching作宾语补足语；boundaries与join（连接）之间也是主动关系，应用现在分词形式joining作宾语补足语。故选D。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 1.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine 【答案】to discover 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 2.(2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 3.（2025年北京卷When ________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】traveling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同的文化和体验不同的经历。句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 4.（2024年北京卷And when 　　　　　(ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).Tinniswood, 【答案】asked 【详解】考查省略句。本句是when引导的时间状语从句;因主从句主语一致,且从句的谓语动词中有be动词,所以从句省略主语和谓语中的be动词,本句省略的是he was。故填 asked。 5.（2024年北京卷Just then, some kids ran at him, 　　　　　(knock) his books out of his arms. 【答案】knocking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 “ran” ,此处应用非谓语动词;主语 “some kids” 和动词knock之间构成主谓关系,此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 knocking。 6. （2024年1月浙江）However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【答案】to benefit 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 7. （2024年1月浙江）Over the last two years, some supermarkets had started selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 8. (2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷) These sepals open on warm days 　　　　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【详解】考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to give。 9. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60.　　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 【答案】inspired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,修饰名词pavilion,表示“被《牡丹亭》启发”,应用过去分词形式表示被动。过去分词短语“inspired by The Peony Pavilion”作“a six-meter-tall pavilion”的后置定语。故填inspired。 10. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) 　　　　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion Edmondson said, 【答案】Recalling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系,应用其动词-ing形式作状语。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Recalling。 11.(2023年北京卷)When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】seeing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 12.(2023年北京卷)She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】to address 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知第一空address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address； face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 13.(2023∙全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 41 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】to address 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 14.(2023∙全国甲卷) her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】borrowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 15.(2023∙全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 【答案】intended 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 16.(2023∙全国乙卷) it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 17.(2023∙全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,. 【答案】Having visited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 18. (2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 【答案】built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。 19. (2023∙浙江1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _______ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 1 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $