专题05 动词时态和语态（现在完成时和现在进行时的被动语态，过去将来时）（期末复习讲义）高一英语上学期译林版

该高中英语期末复习讲义聚焦动词时态和语态，通过表格系统梳理现在进行时、现在完成时的被动语态及过去将来时的结构形式，分点解析用法场景，并以易错点拨模块标注关键区别，构建清晰的知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习体系，从即时检测的语法填空、翻译到高考模拟的语篇填空，覆盖不同难度。通过“语境化语法填空”培养语言运用能力，“易混易错对比练习”提升思维品质，助力学生精准掌握，也为教师提供分层教学支持。

专题05 动词时态和语态(现在完成时和现在进行时的被动语态,过去将来时)（期末复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对动词的时态和语态题目考查比较全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多，推理判断。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握动词的时态和语态是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。考查最多的是与语法填空题中，大致分为三种题型，一是题干中提供时间状语，但是时间状语有干扰性和迷惑性。三是题干中不提供中任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或者一个结构较为复杂的句子中。我们需要掌握独特的时间状语标志和固定句型的时态。 【复习目标】 1. 复习动词的基本时态. 2. 复习动词的主动,被动语态. 3. 重点掌握动词时态和语态的形式. 4. 注意动词五种时态的核心考点. ( 动词的时态和语态 ) 知识点01 现在进行时的被动语态 结构 肯定式 主语＋am/is/are＋being done 否定式 主语＋am/is/are＋not being done 一般疑问式 Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋am/is/are (not)＋主语＋being done？ 用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 What do you know is being done in your neighbourhood to protect animals and plants? 你知道你的社区里正在做什么来保护动植物吗？ 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 His son is being trained to take control of the family business. 他的儿子正在被培养接管家族企业。 3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。 2．有些“介词＋名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。 请记住这些短语：on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is in use now. ＝The telephone is being used now.现在电话正在使用中。 The problem is under discussion at the meeting now. ＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.正在会议上讨论这个问题。 【即时检测】 一、单项选择 1．Most of the traditions are still being practiced by people around the country. A．动词；经常做 B．名词；练习 C．动词；练习 D．名词；常规 二、语法填空 2．I’m sorry, but you can’t access your office right now as the carpets (clean) in the entire corridor. 3．Large amounts of meat (sell) in that store at the present time. 4．The software (update) now, so we can’t access the online learning platform. 三、翻译 5．烟花正在被燃放，突然间点亮了整个夜空。（被动语态；分词作伴随状语）（汉译英） 知识点02 现在完成时的被动语态 结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done？ 用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 He has been given the appointment as director of the project. 他已被任命为该项目的主管。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了？ 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。 易｜错｜点｜拨 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．A great many football fans (attract) by the Jiangsu Football City League over the past few months. 2．All the possible means (prove) effective up to now. 3．Great advances (achieve) in AI technology in recent years. 4．A large number of doctors and nurses (send) to Tibet by the government to help the people there in the last three years. 二、完成句子 5．The computer has replaced the machine. (转化为被动语态) 6．An unknown virus has just attacked my computer. (转化为被动语态) 知识点03 过去将来时 1．would＋动词原形 (1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 It never occurred to me that promoting products on the Internet would cut down the cost. 我从来没想到在网络上推广产品可以削减成本。 They said the letter inside would explain everything.他们说里面的信会解释这一切。 (2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Learning Chinese would enable me to expand my knowledge of Chinese culture. 学习中文能够让我拓展对中国文化的了解。 (3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you，I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 If it rained tomorrow，we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 2．“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 She was not going to do anything that evening. 那天晚上她不准备做任何事。 When they arrived the plane was just going to take off. 飞机正要起飞时他们到了。 3．“was/were about to＋动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 I was about to take a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正准备洗澡时，听到人们尖叫狗狂吠。 4．“was/were to＋动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party. 我问她是否要来参加晚会。 He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later. 他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。 2．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 3．第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．My granny said she (make) her special dumplings for our Spring Festival reunion dinner. 2．They thought the meeting (start) at 9 a.m., so they arrived ten minutes early. 3．Yesterday, our teacher told us that we (have) a spring outing next week. 4．He said he (give) the book to the teacher, but the teacher was not in his office. 二、完成句子 5．The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change?” (直接引语改为间接引语) 6．Mom said to me, “Will you first have supper or finish your homework?”(变间接引语) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Lu Hong, who has an intellectual disability, said he________ more jobs to help disabled people in the future. A．will provide B．has provided C．would provide D．provided 2．She told me she ________ some friends from her junior high during the coming summer vacation. A．meets B．met C．would meet D．has met 3．He __________ a reply to the email when his computer crashed suddenly. A．was to send B．would send C．sent D．was about to send 4．I ______ off my laptop when I received an email from my boss who showed appreciation for all the efforts I had made. A．was being turnedB．had turned C．was about to turn D．have been turning 5．Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are being displayed C．are displaying D．were being displayed 6．Throughout history, the spirit of Spring Festival — the spirit of family — ________. And most of the important Spring Festival traditions ________ by people across the country nowadays. A．has largely been kept; are still being practised B．was largely kept; have still been practiced C．was largely kept; are still being practiced D．has largely been kept; have still been practiced 7．Currently, a new hospital ____________ in the suburban area to improve local medical services. A．builds B．is building C．is being built D．built 8．–– Have you moved into the new house? — Not yet. The rooms ________. A．are painting B．are being painted C．are being painting D．are painted 9．China’s first anti-corruption TV show In the Name of People ________ over 350 million times. A．has viewed B．has been viewed C．have viewed D．have been viewed 10．If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ________ in science and technology. A．had been discovered B．had discovered C．has discovered D．has been discovered 11．Calligraphy works done with writing brushes ______ by many foreigners up to now. A．has been appreciated B．have been appreciated C．was appreciated D．were appreciated 12．I am aware that though progress ________ in the past five years, issues of public concerns about education, health care still remain. A．has been made B．had been made C．have been made D．had made 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 1．The local community’s sense of unity has been (strength) through many volunteer activities this year. 2．Due to John’s excellent performance, it is likely that he (accept) to Harvard University. 3．Expert advice (seek) to solve this typical parent-child relationship issue so far. 4．The company has been (target) by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 5．Elephants and antelopes (hunt) and the population is becoming smaller and smaller. 6．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land (be) being washed away each year. 7．At present, our surroundings (pollute) faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. 8．Rainforests (cut) down and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear one day. 9．The date of the meeting has been (advance) from Friday to Wednesday. 10．He has just been to the position of Export Manager for the company. He will have an with his first foreign customers tonight. (appoint) 11．Every means (try) up to now, but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.   12．She is the only one of those athletes who (admit) to Peking University since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完成句子 1．It is a pitiful thing to (做实验的时候半途而废). 2．Due to pollution, global warming, and the over-use of plastic, (我们的生活环境正在受到破坏). 3．越来越多的森林正在遭到破坏，大多数竹子被砍伐。 More and more forests and most of the bamboo has . 4．他们目前正和父母住在一起，因为他们的房子正在维修。 They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house . 5．这位病人已经被治愈了。 The patient his illness. 6．The statues fill only one part of the huge tomb, which still has not been . 7．这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。 The statues fill only part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not . 8．The company (被作为攻击目标) by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drug trials recently. 9．尽管他们似乎强烈地反对我，但我不会认输。 Even though they appeared to have a very strong argument against me, I wouldn’t . 10． (他正要开始写小说) when his friend came to visit him. 高考模拟（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据意思或所给的词，完成空格填空，使短文通顺 It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1 (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2 (take) out my key 3 I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4 (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6 (knock) at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7 (get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 (phone) saying that she 9 (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10 a window. 李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面, 他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。请根据语境, 用相应的时态完成下面对话。 Li Ming: Hi, Lin Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao: Yes. Nice to see you again. Li Ming: I know that your parents 11 (work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao: Of course. Since the earthquake 12 (happen),many soldiers 13 (send)there,and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 14 (carry)there from all over the country. Now, most people there 15 (live)a happy life again. Li Ming: How about the schools there? Lin Tao: Several new schools 16 (set up)and also some schools which 17 (damage) in the earthquake 18 (rebuild).So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming: That’s wonderful. I’m sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back? Lin Tao: They will be back next month. 语法填空 There are moments in life 19 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 20 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 21 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 22 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 23 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 24 (happy) people don't 25 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 26 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 27 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 28 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 7 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 动词时态和语态(现在完成时和现在进行时的被动语态,过去将来时)（期末复习讲义） 考情分析 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对动词的时态和语态题目考查比较全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多，推理判断。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中，熟练掌握动词的时态和语态是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。写作中读懂原文，熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。考查最多的是与语法填空题中，大致分为三种题型，一是题干中提供时间状语，但是时间状语有干扰性和迷惑性。三是题干中不提供中任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或者一个结构较为复杂的句子中。我们需要掌握独特的时间状语标志和固定句型的时态。 【复习目标】 1. 复习动词的基本时态. 2. 复习动词的主动,被动语态. 3. 重点掌握动词时态和语态的形式. 4. 注意动词五种时态的核心考点. ( 动词的时态和语态 ) 知识点01 现在进行时的被动语态 结构 肯定式 主语＋am/is/are＋being done 否定式 主语＋am/is/are＋not being done 一般疑问式 Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋am/is/are (not)＋主语＋being done？ 用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。 What do you know is being done in your neighbourhood to protect animals and plants? 你知道你的社区里正在做什么来保护动植物吗？ 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 His son is being trained to take control of the family business. 他的儿子正在被培养接管家族企业。 3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment. 吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。 2．有些“介词＋名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。 请记住这些短语：on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。 The telephone is in use now. ＝The telephone is being used now.现在电话正在使用中。 The problem is under discussion at the meeting now. ＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.正在会议上讨论这个问题。 【即时检测】 一、单项选择 1．Most of the traditions are still being practiced by people around the country. A．动词；经常做 B．名词；练习 C．动词；练习 D．名词；常规 【答案】A 【详解】考查单词词义辨析及词性判断。句意：全国大部分地区的人们仍在践行这些传统。在本句中，“are being practiced”是谓语动词，为现在进行时的被动语态。根据句意可知黑体字意思是“践行，经常做”，是动词。故选A。 二、语法填空 2．I’m sorry, but you can’t access your office right now as the carpets (clean) in the entire corridor. 【答案】are being cleaned 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：很抱歉，你现在无法进入办公室，因为整个走廊的地毯都正在被清洁。根据“right now”可知，此处as引导的时间状语从句表示正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，the carpets和clean为被动关系，需用现的在进行时被动语态，构成式为be being done，主语the carpets为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are being cleaned。 3．Large amounts of meat (sell) in that store at the present time. 【答案】are being sold 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前那家商店正在出售大量的肉。根据时间状语at the present time可知，句子用现在进行时，且meat和sell之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时谓语用复数形式。综上，故填are being sold。 4．The software (update) now, so we can’t access the online learning platform. 【答案】is being updated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：软件正在被更新，所以我们无法访问在线学习平台。根据时间状语now可知，句子应用现在进行时；主语The software与动词update之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语The software为单数，be动词应用is。故填is being updated。 三、翻译 5．烟花正在被燃放，突然间点亮了整个夜空。（被动语态；分词作伴随状语）（汉译英） 【答案】Fireworks were being let off, suddenly lighting up the night sky. 【详解】考查动词、短语、时态、语态以及非谓语动词。表示“烟花”应用名词firework，其复数形式fireworks表示“烟花表演”或“多个烟花”，在句中作主语；表示“燃放”短语为let off，与主语fireworks之间为被动关系，所以应用被动语态be let off，根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态，所以be动词用were；表示“点亮”短语为light up，与fireworks之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作状语；表示“整个夜空”短语为the night sky，作light up的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Fireworks were being let off, suddenly lighting up the night sky. 知识点02 现在完成时的被动语态 结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done？ 用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 He has been given the appointment as director of the project. 他已被任命为该项目的主管。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了？ 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。 易｜错｜点｜拨 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．A great many football fans (attract) by the Jiangsu Football City League over the past few months. 【答案】have been attracted 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，江苏足球城市联赛吸引了大量的足球迷。根据时间状语over the past few months可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；因为主语A great many football fans与attract之间是被动关系，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have been attracted。 2．All the possible means (prove) effective up to now. 【答案】have been proved/have been proven 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：到目前为止，所有可能的方法都被证明是有效的。根据时间状语up to now可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在；主语All the possible means为复数概念，其与prove之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词应使用have，prove的过去分词为proved/proven。故填have been proved或have been proven。 3．Great advances (achieve) in AI technology in recent years. 【答案】have been achieved 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：近年来，人工智能技术取得了巨大的进步。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，主语Great advances与动词achieve是被动关系，且时间状语in recent years是现在完成时的标志，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词使用have。故填have been achieved。 4．A large number of doctors and nurses (send) to Tibet by the government to help the people there in the last three years. 【答案】have been sent 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去三年里，政府派遣了大量医生和护士到西藏去帮助那里的人们。in the last three years是现在完成时的标志，A large number of doctors and nurses和send之间是被动关系，即医生和护士被派遣，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been +过去分词”。主语A large number of doctors and nurses是复数，助动词用have，send的过去分词是sent。故填have been sent。 二、完成句子 5．The computer has replaced the machine. (转化为被动语态) 【答案】The machine has been replaced by the computer. 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：电脑已经取代了机器。转换后的句子意思是“这台机器已经被电脑取代了。”转换后句子中：The machine“这台机器”作主语；原句中谓语为has replaced，转换后的句子时态仍用现在完成时，主语The machine与replace“取代”为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语用has been replaced；被动句中用by引出发出动作者；the computer“电脑”，作by的宾语。故答案为The machine has been replaced by the computer. 6．An unknown virus has just attacked my computer. (转化为被动语态) 【答案】My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我的电脑刚刚被一种未知的病毒攻击了。原句是现在完成时，应改为现在完成时的被动语态，将原句宾语my computer作为主语，助动词使用has，由by引出动作发出者，即原句的主语，故答案为My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus. 知识点03 过去将来时 1．would＋动词原形 (1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 It never occurred to me that promoting products on the Internet would cut down the cost. 我从来没想到在网络上推广产品可以削减成本。 They said the letter inside would explain everything.他们说里面的信会解释这一切。 (2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Learning Chinese would enable me to expand my knowledge of Chinese culture. 学习中文能够让我拓展对中国文化的了解。 (3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。 If I were you，I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。 If it rained tomorrow，we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。 2．“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 She was not going to do anything that evening. 那天晚上她不准备做任何事。 When they arrived the plane was just going to take off. 飞机正要起飞时他们到了。 3．“was/were about to＋动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。 I was about to take a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正准备洗澡时，听到人们尖叫狗狂吠。 4．“was/were to＋动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1．go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。 I asked her whether she was coming to the party. 我问她是否要来参加晚会。 He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later. 他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。 2．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 3．第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．My granny said she (make) her special dumplings for our Spring Festival reunion dinner. 【答案】would make 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我奶奶说她要为我们春节团圆饭做她特别的饺子。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语said以及语境可知，此处表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，应用过去将来时，其结构为“would+动词原形”。故填would make。 2．They thought the meeting (start) at 9 a.m., so they arrived ten minutes early. 【答案】would start / was going to start 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们原以为会议会在上午9点开始，所以他们提前了十分钟就到了。根据句中的they arrived ten minutes early可知，他们原以为会议将在上午9点开始，结合主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态应该用过去将来时，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填would start / was going to start。 3．Yesterday, our teacher told us that we (have) a spring outing next week. 【答案】would have 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天，老师告诉我们下星期我们有一次春游。主句是一般过去时，结合宾语从句的时间状语next week可知，宾语从句中的谓语动词应该用过去将来时。故填would have。 4．He said he (give) the book to the teacher, but the teacher was not in his office. 【答案】would give 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他说他会把这本书交给老师，但当时老师不在他的办公室里。动词give表示“交给”，在句中作谓语，根据said和but the teacher was not in his office可知，空处表示当时将要做的动作，应用过去将来时。故填would give。 二、完成句子 5．The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change?” (直接引语改为间接引语) 【答案】The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change./The reporter asked if polar bears would die out because of climate change. 【详解】考查宾语从句、时态。句意：记者问北极熊是否会因为气候变化而灭绝。asked后用宾语从句，去掉原句中的引号，直接引语部分为一般疑问句，改后的句子用whether或if引导宾语从句，原句直接引语部分语序改为陈述语序，根据asked可知，从句时态用过去将来时。故改为The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.或The reporter asked if polar bears would die out because of climate change. 6．Mom said to me, “Will you first have supper or finish your homework?”(变间接引语) 【答案】Mom asked me whether I would first have supper or finish my homework. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：妈妈问我是先吃晚饭还是先写作业。原句中直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时动词said变为asked，使用whether引导宾语从句，用陈述语序，直接引语中的一般将来时变为过去将来时，直接引语中的主语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，变为间接引语的宾语从句时，要和原句中引号外的主句的宾语一致，故原句直接引语中的you改为I，your改为my，故答案为Mom asked me whether I would first have supper or finish my homework.。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Lu Hong, who has an intellectual disability, said he________ more jobs to help disabled people in the future. A．will provide B．has provided C．would provide D．provided 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：智障人士陆宏表示，他将在未来提供更多的就业机会来帮助残疾人。根据句中said表明主句时态是一般过去时。从句中in the future表示将来，在宾语从句中，当主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，这里表示从过去角度看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，其结构为“would+动词原形”。故选C。 2．She told me she ________ some friends from her junior high during the coming summer vacation. A．meets B．met C．would meet D．has met 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她告诉我，在即将到来的暑假里，她会和一些初中的朋友见面。分析句子可知，主句谓语动词“told”为一般过去时，宾语从句时态需用过去相关时态；从句时间状语“during the coming summer vacation”（在即将到来的暑假期间）表“过去的将来”（相对于主句“told”发生的时间而言，暑假是之后的事情），需用过去将来时“would meet”。故选C项。 3．He __________ a reply to the email when his computer crashed suddenly. A．was to send B．would send C．sent D．was about to send 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：他正准备回复那封电子邮件时，他的电脑突然崩溃了。此处为句型be about to do sth. when表示“正要做某事，这时……”，此处用过去将来时。故选D。 4．I ______ off my laptop when I received an email from my boss who showed appreciation for all the efforts I had made. A．was being turnedB．had turned C．was about to turn D．have been turning 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：我正要关掉笔记本电脑，这时我收到了老板发来的邮件，他在邮件中对我所付出的努力表示了感谢。根据句意可知，“我”正要关电脑时收到了邮件，关电脑是尚未发生的动作；由received可知，句子为一般过去时，设空处表示在某个过去将来的时间点发生的动作，用过去将来时，be about to do sth. when...为固定句型，表示“正要做某事，这时”，故选C。 5．Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are being displayed C．are displaying D．were being displayed 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，卢浮宫内约有35000件展品分布在300多个展厅中，要将所有展品都看一遍恐怕需要耗费一生的时间。根据currently和语境可知，此处表示目前正在发生的事，应用现在进行时；作品被陈列，应用被动语态；主语about 35,000 works为复数，be动词用are。故选B。 6．Throughout history, the spirit of Spring Festival — the spirit of family — ________. And most of the important Spring Festival traditions ________ by people across the country nowadays. A．has largely been kept; are still being practised B．was largely kept; have still been practiced C．was largely kept; are still being practiced D．has largely been kept; have still been practiced 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态，句意：纵观历史，春节的精神——家庭精神——在很大程度上被传承了下来。如今，全国人民仍在践行大多数重要的春节传统。第一空，Throughout history表明动作从过去持续到现在，且主语和keep之间是被动关系，所以空处应使用现在完成时的被动语态has been kept；第二空，nowadays表明动作正在进行，且traditions与practise是被动关系，所以空处应使用现在进行时的被动语态are still being practised。故选A。 7．Currently, a new hospital ____________ in the suburban area to improve local medical services. A．builds B．is building C．is being built D．built 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态与语态。句意：目前，郊区正在新建一所医院以改善当地的医疗服务。结合时间状语“Currently”可知，句子需用现在进行时，主语“a new hospital”与动词“build”是被动关系，所以此处为现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is being built。故选C项。 8．–– Have you moved into the new house? — Not yet. The rooms ________. A．are painting B．are being painted C．are being painting D．are painted 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：—— 你搬进新房子了吗？—— 还没有。房间正在被粉刷。根据语境可知，“没搬进新房”的原因是“房间正在粉刷”，应用现在进行时来表示当前正在发生的动作；主语“The rooms”与谓语“paint”是被动关系，即房间被人粉刷，应用被动语态，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选B项。 9．China’s first anti-corruption TV show In the Name of People ________ over 350 million times. A．has viewed B．has been viewed C．have viewed D．have been viewed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：中国首部反腐电视节目《人民的名义》的播放量已超过3.5亿次。主语China’s first anti-corruption TV show In the Name of People和谓语view之间为被动关系，且结合over 350 million times和语境可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has。故选B。 10．If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ________ in science and technology. A．had been discovered B．had discovered C．has discovered D．has been discovered 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态与语态。句意：如果牛顿生活在今天，他会对科学技术领域的新发现感到惊讶。宾语从句中，主语what指代的是“科学技术领域的发现成果”，它与动词discover是被动关系，因此要用被动语态，且句中“科学技术领域的发现”是从过去持续到现在的成果，强调对现在的影响，需用现在完成时。故选D项。 11．Calligraphy works done with writing brushes ______ by many foreigners up to now. A．has been appreciated B．have been appreciated C．was appreciated D．were appreciated 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：用毛笔完成的书法作品至今仍受到许多外国人的欣赏。空处作句子的谓语，结合“up to now”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，appreciate“欣赏”和主语Calligraphy works“书法作品”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故选B。 12．I am aware that though progress ________ in the past five years, issues of public concerns about education, health care still remain. A．has been made B．had been made C．have been made D．had made 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我意识到，尽管过去五年已经取得了进步，但公众关注的教育、医疗问题仍然存在。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语progress和make为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，助动词用has。故选A。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 1．The local community’s sense of unity has been (strength) through many volunteer activities this year. 【答案】strengthened 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：通过今年的许多志愿活动，当地社区的团结感得到了增强。主语“The local community’s sense of unity”与“strength”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为“be +过去分词”，strength的动词形式为strengthen，其过去分词为strengthened。故填strengthened。 2．Due to John’s excellent performance, it is likely that he (accept) to Harvard University. 【答案】will be accepted/has been accepted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于约翰的出色表现，他很有可能会被(或已经被)哈佛大学录取。根据“it is likely that...(很有可能……)”结构可知，此处表示对已经发生或将来情况的推测。主语“he”与动词“accept”为被动关系，故需用被动语态。若强调对将来录取结果的预测，需用一般将来时被动语态“will be done”；若强调基于现有表现对已发生录取结果的推断，则用现在完成时被动语态“have/ has been done”，主语“he”为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。故填will be accepted/has been accepted。 3．Expert advice (seek) to solve this typical parent-child relationship issue so far. 【答案】has been sought 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，为了解决这个典型的亲子关系问题，专业建议已被征求。根据so far（到目前为止）可知，句子需用现在完成时；且主语Expert advice（专业建议）与seek之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，advice为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填 has been sought。 4．The company has been (target) by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 【答案】targeted 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护团体批评的对象。主语The company与动词target“把……作为攻击目标，把……作为批评的对象”之间是被动关系，本空用过去分词形式targeted，与空前has been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填targeted。 5．Elephants and antelopes (hunt) and the population is becoming smaller and smaller. 【答案】are being hunted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：大象和羚羊正被猎杀，它们的数量变得越来越少。根据句意及“the population is becoming smaller and smaller”可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being + 过去分词”；主语“Elephants and antelopes”为复数，be动词应用are，hunt的过去分词为hunted。故填are being hunted。 6．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land (be) being washed away each year. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：随着更多森林被破坏，每年都有大量的农田被冲走。“quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论其后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词的形式都用复数形式，此处“huge quantities of agricultural land”作主语，be动词用are与空后的being washed away构成现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。故填are。 7．At present, our surroundings (pollute) faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. 【答案】are being polluted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：目前，我们的环境被污染的速度比以往任何时候都快，而且人们似乎无法阻止其发生。时间状语At present意为“现在”，结合语境可知，此处表示污染的动作正在发生，且and前的并列分句的主语our surroundings与pollute之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are being polluted. 8．Rainforests (cut) down and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear one day. 【答案】are being cut 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁，以至于总有一天它们会消失。从will disappear可推断出，热带雨林应该是正在被砍伐，所以应用现在进行时；主语Rainforests与cut down之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态；主语是复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are being cut。 9．The date of the meeting has been (advance) from Friday to Wednesday. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查语态。句意：会议日期已从原定的周五提前到了周三。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文has been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填advanced。 10．He has just been to the position of Export Manager for the company. He will have an with his first foreign customers tonight. (appoint) 【答案】 appointed appointment 【详解】考查被动语态和名词。句意：他刚刚被任命为公司的出口部经理。今晚他将与首批外国客户进行一次会面。分析句子成分可知，第一空处与前面的has been共同构成谓语，所给动词appoint意为“任命”，与句子主语He之间为被动关系，此处为现在完成时被动语态，第一空应填appoint的过去分词appointed。第二空处需要一个名词，作will have的宾语，appoint的名词形式为appointment，是可数名词，意为“约会、约定、会面”。故第一空填appointed，第二空填appointment。 11．Every means (try) up to now, but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.   【答案】has been tried 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，所有方法都试过了，但我们仍然想不出一个好办法来应对当前的困境。句中“up to now”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，且主语 “every means”（每种方法）与谓语动词“try”之间是被动关系，因此需用现在完成时的被动语态。“means”单复数同形，此处“every means”表示单数概念，所以助动词用“has”。“try”的过去分词是“tried”，因此空格处应填入“has been tried”。故填has been tried。 12．She is the only one of those athletes who (admit) to Peking University since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. 【答案】has been admitted 【详解】考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：自2022年北京冬奥会以来，她是那些运动员中唯一被北京大学录取的人。admit是定语从句谓语动词，根据空后“since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics”可知，此处需用现在完成时，又因定语从句主语who指代先行词the only one of those athletes与动词admit间是被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，且the only one表单数，因此助动词应用has，admit的过去分词为admitted。故填has been admitted。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、完成句子 1．It is a pitiful thing to (做实验的时候半途而废). 【答案】give up halfway when an experiment is being conducted 【详解】考查动词短语、时间状语从句和动词时态和语态。句意：做实验的时候半途而废太可惜了。根据汉语意思提示可知，“半途而废” 应为动词短语“give up halfway”，“做实验的时候”需用时间状语从句表达，表示“实验”的名词“an experiment”与表示“进行”的动词“conduct”是被动关系，结合语境用现在进行时的被动语态“when an experiment is being conducted”。故填give up halfway when an experiment is being conducted 2．Due to pollution, global warming, and the over-use of plastic, (我们的生活环境正在受到破坏). 【答案】our living environment is being damaged 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于污染、全球变暖以及塑料的过度使用，我们的生活环境正在受到破坏。主语“我们的生活环境”用our living environment，作主语；表示“破坏”用动词damage，与主语构成被动关系，且动作正在发生，用现在进行时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填our living environment is being damaged。 3．越来越多的森林正在遭到破坏，大多数竹子被砍伐。 More and more forests and most of the bamboo has . 【答案】 are being destroyed been cut down 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据汉语提示，表示“破坏”用destroy，此处forest与destroy之间是被动关系，且句中表述“现在正在遭到破坏”故使用现在进行时的被动语态即be being done的结构，句中more and more forests为复数，be动词用are，故用are being destroyed；同时表示“砍倒”用动词短语cut down，bamboo与cut之间是被动关系，结合空前的has可知，此处构成现在完成时的被动语态即has been done的结构，故用been cut down。故答案为are being destroyed；been cut down。 4．他们目前正和父母住在一起，因为他们的房子正在维修。 They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house . 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】考查动词语态。根据主句“They are living with their parents for the moment”以及“正在维修”可知，because引导的原因状语从句用现在进行时，陈述房子目前正在处于的状态；表示“维修”用动词repair。主语their own house与repair之间是被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语their own house是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is being repaired。 5．这位病人已经被治愈了。 The patient his illness. 【答案】 has been cured of 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和语态。“治愈某人(的病)”用动词短语cure sb. of...，在句中作谓语，与主语The patient之间是被动关系，且“已经被治愈”强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has；been；cured；of。 6．The statues fill only one part of the huge tomb, which still has not been . 【答案】 completely unearthed 【详解】考查副词和动词。句意：这些雕像只占据了这座尚未完全出土的巨大陵墓的一部分。结合句意此处指“尚未完全出土”，“完全”使用副词completely，“出土”使用动词unearth，使用过去分词和前面的has been构成现在完成时的被动语态，故填①completely②unearthed。 7．这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。 The statues fill only part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not . 【答案】 been completely unearthed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据汉语提示，表示“完全地”用completely；表示“出土，挖掘”用unearth，此处which指代前文的the emperor’s huge tomb，其与unearth之间是被动关系，根据前文的has not可知，此处构成现在完成时的被动结构。故填been completely unearthed。 8．The company (被作为攻击目标) by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drug trials recently. 【答案】has been targeted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：该公司最近因在药物试验中使用狗而受到动物权利组织的攻击。根据汉语意思提示可知，“被作为攻击目标”可译为“be targeted”，根据句中 “recently”（最近）可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时；主语“the company”为单数，且与“target”之间是被动关系，故用“has been targeted”。该表达符合语境，语法正确。故填has been targeted。 9．尽管他们似乎强烈地反对我，但我不会认输。 Even though they appeared to have a very strong argument against me, I wouldn’t . 【答案】 back down 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“认输”，为动词短语back down，wouldn’t后接动词原形。故填①back ②down。 10． (他正要开始写小说) when his friend came to visit him. 【答案】He was about to set out to write his novel 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他正要开始写小说，这时他的朋友来拜访他。本句涉及固定句型：was/were about to do...when...“（过去）正要做某事，这时……”，主语“他”是he，位于句首，首字母大写，系动词用was，“着手做某事”用短语set out to do sth.，“写小说”表达为write his novel。故填He was about to set out to write his novel。 高考模拟（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据意思或所给的词，完成空格填空，使短文通顺 It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1 (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2 (take) out my key 3 I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4 (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6 (knock) at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7 (get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 (phone) saying that she 9 (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10 a window. 【答案】1．was wearing 2．to take 3．but 4．had left 5．was 6．knocked 7．got 8．had phoned 9．would go 10．Through 【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。叙述了我到家门口发现没带钥匙，最后爬窗户进去的一件小事。 1．考查过去进行时。结合语境可知，天气很冷，我正穿着一件大衣。而全文基调为过去时，故用过去进行时。故填was wearing。 2．考查不定式表目的。句意：我走到门口，把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙。可知，put my hand的目的是take out my key，to表目的。故填to take。 3．考查连词。句意：我走到门口，把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙，可是没有找到。结合语境，前后文具有明显的转折含义。故填but。 4．考查过去完成时。句意：我突然想起我把它放在办公室的桌子上了。结合语境可知，我把钥匙落在桌上为过去的过去，且对过去造成影响。leave的过去分词形式为left。故填had left。 5．考查一般过去时及主谓一致。句意：我知道我妻子在家，孩子们现在肯定已经放学回来了，所以我敲门。根据全文基调，此处应填过去式，my wife为单数，is的过去分词形式为was。故填was。 6．考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知，此处填一般过去式。knock的过去式为knocked故填knocked。 7．考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知，此处填一般过去式get的过去式为got。故填got。 8．考查过去完成时。句意：他说我妻子说她下午和孩子们一起去购物。可知，he said为过去时，而我的妻子打电话在这之前，且对过去产生影响。故填had phoned。 9．考查过去将来时。结合语境可知，妻子说她将要去购物，又因基调为过去时，故此处使用过去进行时。故填would go。 10．考查介词。句意：我得从爬窗户进去。through有从内部穿过的意思。故填through。 李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面, 他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。请根据语境, 用相应的时态完成下面对话。 Li Ming: Hi, Lin Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao: Yes. Nice to see you again. Li Ming: I know that your parents 11 (work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao: Of course. Since the earthquake 12 (happen),many soldiers 13 (send)there,and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 14 (carry)there from all over the country. Now, most people there 15 (live)a happy life again. Li Ming: How about the schools there? Lin Tao: Several new schools 16 (set up)and also some schools which 17 (damage) in the earthquake 18 (rebuild).So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming: That’s wonderful. I’m sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back? Lin Tao: They will be back next month. 【答案】11．have been working 12．happened 13．have been sent 14．have been carried 15．live/are living 16．have been set up 17．were damaged 18．have been rebuilt 【分析】这篇语段主要讲述了李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面, 他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。 11．考查现在完成进行时。句意：我知道你父母已经在那个城市工作了一年了。现在完成进行时其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。分析句子可知，设空处的动作一直持续可能还要继续，所以用现在完成时，因为parents为复数，故填have been working。 12．考查时态。句意：自从地震发生以来，许多士兵已经被送到那里。分析句子可知，设空处表示过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去，故填happened。 13．考查现在完成时的被动。句意：自从地震发生以来，许多士兵已经被送到那里。分析句子以及Since…可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，soldiers为复数并且solsiers与send之间为被动，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been sent。 14．考查现在完成时的被动。句意：许多种类的物资从全国各地运到那里。分析句子以及Since…可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，supplies 为复数，并且supplies与carry之间为被动，所以用现在完成时的被动，故填have been carried。 15．考查时态。句意：现在，那里的大多数人又过上了幸福的生活。分析句子可知，既可以用一般现在时表示叙述事实情况，又可以用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，并且people在此处为集体名词，表示复数，故填live/are living。 16．考查时态和语态。句意：几所新学校已经建好了。分析句子可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，schools为复数并且与set up之间为被动，所以应该填现在完成时的被动，故填have been set up。 17．考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，设空处表示过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时，又因damage与schools之间为被动，所以用过去时的被动语态，故填were damaged。 18．考查时态和语态。句意：一些在地震中受损的学校也已经建成重建。分析句子可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，又因先行词schools为复数并且与rebuild之间为被动，所以应该用现在完成时的被动。故填have been rebuilt。 语法填空 There are moments in life 19 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 20 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 21 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 22 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 23 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 24 (happy) people don't 25 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 26 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 27 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 28 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 【答案】19．when 20．another 21．has been opened 22．who 23．to dream 24．happiest 25．necessarily 26．comes 27．forgotten 28．Around 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 19．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 20．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 21．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 22．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 23．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 24．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 25．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 26．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 27．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 28．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 8 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $