内容正文:
Unit 3 Fire知
识
归
纳
语音语调
/i:/:sheep /ɪ/:ship /e/:bed /æ/:bad/p/:pig /b/:big /t/:hat /d/:had
注意:表达禁止或要求的祈使句用降调,如 "Don't smoke!(降调)";询问安全规则的疑问句用升调,如 "What mustn't we do?(升调)"
必记单词
四会
fire(火)、safe(安全的)、must(必须)、mustn't(禁止)、play(玩)、smoke(吸烟)、start(点燃)、help(帮助)
三会
firefighter(消防员)、campfire(篝火)、forest(森林)、smoke(烟雾)、cave(洞穴)、raw(生的)、cooked(熟的)、dangerous(危险的)
常考短语
fire safety(消防安全)、play with matches(玩火柴)、start a campfire(点燃篝火)、play near fires(在火附近玩耍)、fight the fire(灭火)、raw meat(生肉)、cooked meat(熟肉)、cover mouth and nose(捂住口鼻)
必会句型
1. 表达禁止:We mustn't play with matches.(我们禁止玩火柴。)/ Don't smoke!(禁止吸烟!)
2. 表达必须做的事:We must be careful with fire.(我们必须小心用火。)
3. 描述火灾情况:Trees and grass burn in the fire.(树和草在火中燃烧。)
4. 表达感受:It tastes great!(它尝起来很棒!)
核心语法
1. must 与 mustn't 的用法:must 表示 “必须”,用于强调义务或必要的行为;mustn't 表示 “禁止”,用于明确不能做的危险行为,二者后均接动词原形。
2. 一般过去时表过去发生的动作:描述过去某个时间发生的具体事件(如 Yaz 处理生肉、火灾发生的过程),动词需用过去式形式(如 threw, tried, started, burned)。
考
点
速
记
考点 01
must 与 mustn't 的用法
1.must 与 mustn't 的功能区别:
(1)must 表示 “必须”,强调责任、义务或必要的安全行为,目的是保障安全或达成合理结果。适用场景:消防安全中必须遵守的规则(如 “必须小心用火”“必须听从消防员指挥”)、日常安全规范(如 “火灾时必须捂住口鼻”)。结构:主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他,如 “We must cover our mouth and nose in smoke.”(烟雾中我们必须捂住口鼻。)、“Firefighters must be brave.”(消防员必须勇敢。)。
(2)mustn't 表示 “禁止”,强调禁止做有危险、违反规则的行为,避免不良后果。适用场景:消防安全中明确禁止的行为(如 “禁止玩火柴”“禁止在公园点燃篝火”“禁止在火附近玩耍”)、危害自身或他人安全的行为。结构:主语 + mustn't + 动词原形 + 其他,如 “Children mustn't play near fires.”(孩子们禁止在火附近玩耍。)、“People mustn't start campfires in the forest.”(人们禁止在森林里点燃篝火。)。
2.同义表达转换:
mustn't 可转换为祈使句 “Don't + 动词原形”,语气更直接,常用于标语或警告牌。
例:“We mustn't smoke.” = “Don't smoke!”(禁止吸烟!);
“We mustn't start campfires.” = “Don't start campfires!”(禁止点燃篝火!)。注意:祈使句省略主语,直接以 Don't 开头,后接动词原形,用于公共场合的明确警告。
提分练
一、用 must 或 mustn't 填空,完成下列消防安全规则(每词可多次使用)
1.For fire safety, we ______ be careful with matches. We ______ play with them.
2.People ______ smoke in the forest. It's easy to start a big fire.
3.When there is a fire, we ______ run outside quickly. We ______ use the lift.
4.We ______ listen to the firefighters. They can help us stay safe.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. - What ______ we do for fire safety at home?
-We ______ keep matches away from children.
A. must; mustn't B. mustn't; must C. must; must
( ) 2. Children ______ play near fires. It's very dangerous.
A. must B. mustn't C. don't
( ) 3. When you see a fire, you ______ call 119 at once. You ______ wait for help alone.
A. must; mustn't B. mustn't; must C. can; can't
( ) 4. ______ start campfires in the park. It's against the rules.
A. Must B. Mustn't C. Don't
考点 02
一般过去时表过去发生的动作
1.一般过去时的适用场景:
(1)描述 “过去某个具体事件的发生过程”:如 Yaz 在石器时代处理生肉的经历(“Yaz threw raw meat into the fire”)、森林火灾的发生与扑灭(“The fire started because of a campfire. Firefighters fought it bravely”)。
(2)描述 “过去的状态或感受”:如 Yaz 过去讨厌生肉(“Yaz hated raw meat”)、煮熟的肉闻起来很香(“The meat smelled nice”),这些状态或感受仅针对过去发生的场景。
(3)动词过去式的变化规则(本模块重点):
规则动词:直接在词尾加 -ed,如 start→started(开始)、burn→burned(燃烧)、help→helped(帮助)、wait→waited(等待)。
不规则动词(本模块核心):需特殊记忆,如 throw→threw(扔)、try→tried(尝试)、have→had(有)、eat→ate(吃)、do→did(做)。
2.句子结构:
(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他,如 “Yaz threw the raw meat into the fire.”(亚兹把生肉扔进了火里。)、“The firefighters used a lot of water.”(消防员用了很多水。)。
(2)否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他(规则和不规则动词均用原形),如 “Yaz didn't like raw meat.”(亚兹不喜欢生肉。)、“They didn't stop for toys.”(他们没有为了玩具停下来。)。
(3)疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?如 “Did Yaz eat raw meat before?”(亚兹以前吃生肉吗?)、“Did the fire die down soon?”(火很快就熄灭了吗?)。
提分练
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1.Yaz ______ (live) in the Stone Age many years ago. He ______ (not like) raw meat.
2.Last week, there ______ (be) a big fire in the forest. Trees and grass ______ (burn) badly.
3.The firefighters ______ (come) quickly and ______ (fight) the fire bravely.
4.Yaz ______ (throw) the raw meat into the fire. Then he ______ (try) the cooked meat and ______ (think) it tasted great.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. - What ______ Yaz ______ with the raw meat yesterday?
-He threw it into the fire.
A. did; do B. does; do C. will; do
( ) 2. The fire ______ because people ______ a campfire in the park.
A. start; start B. started; started C. starts; started
( ) 3. Yaz and his family ______ raw meat before, but now they ______ all meat on the fire.
A. eat; cook B. ate; cook C. eat; cooked
( ) 4. - ______ the firefighters ______ the fire quickly?
-Yes, they used a lot of water.
A. Did; put out B. Do; put out C. Will; put out
参考答案
(1) 考点 01 must 与 mustn't 的用法
一、答案:
1.must; mustn't 2. mustn't 3. must; mustn't 4. must
解析:
1.消防安全中 “必须小心火柴” 用 must,“禁止玩火柴” 用 mustn't,符合安全逻辑;
2.森林里吸烟易引发火灾,需禁止,用 mustn't;
3.火灾时 “必须快速跑出去” 用 must,“禁止使用电梯” 用 mustn't,是火灾逃生常识;
4.消防员能保障安全,“必须听从” 用 must。
二、单项选择答案:
1.C 2. B 3. A 4. C
解析:
问句询问 “必须做什么” 用 must,答句 “必须把火柴远离孩子” 也用 must,故选 C;
火附近玩耍危险,需禁止,用 mustn't,故选 B;
看到火灾 “必须立刻打 119” 用 must,“禁止独自等待” 用 mustn't,故选 A;
祈使句表禁止用 Don't + 动词原形,mustn't 不能直接开头引导句子,故选 C。
考点 02 一般过去时表过去发生的动作
一、填空答案:
1.lived; didn't like 2. was; burned 3. came; fought 4. threw; tried; thought
解析:
1.“many years ago” 是过去时间,live→lived;否定句用 didn't like,like 用原形;
2.“last week” 是过去时间,there be 句型中 fire 是单数,用 was;burn→burned(规则变化);
3.描述过去的消防员行动,come→came(不规则)、fight→fought(不规则);
4.描述 Yaz 过去的动作,throw→threw、try→tried、think→thought(均为不规则变化)。
二、单项选择
答案:
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A
解析:
1.问句中 “yesterday” 提示用一般过去时,助动词用 did,后面动词 do 用原形,故选 A;
2.火灾发生和点燃篝火都是过去的动作,均用 start 的过去式 started,故选 B;
3.前半句 “before” 提示过去吃生肉,用 ate;后半句 “now” 提示现在的习惯,用 cook(原形),故选 B;
4.答句 “used” 提示用一般过去时,助动词用 did,put out 用原形,故选 A。
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