专题02 Units 5-8 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

这是一份初中英语八年级上册Units 5-8的期末复习课件，围绕野生动物、季节天气、生态系统、自然灾害四大主题，构建词汇（含词缀、复合词规则）、语法（不定式、基本句型、过去进行时等）、听说读写技能及主题写作（动物信件、季节描述等）的学习支架，配套知识图谱和多样化练习。 资料特色突出核心素养培养，语言能力通过词缀扩展（如happy→happiness）、语法应用（如过去进行时与when/while/as辨析）提升运用能力，文化意识融入跨文化季节特征认知，思维品质通过分析文本逻辑关系（如灾害生存文章）培养，学习能力强调复合词构词策略（如sunrise）。多样化主题写作（如生态保护提案）和分层练习助力学生综合提升，为教师提供系统复习框架和丰富资源。八年级学生处于初中承上启下阶段，需巩固基础提升综合语言能力，该资料通过主题整合与技能训练，帮助衔接后续学习，为中考备考夯实基础。

译林英语 八上复习Units 5-8 1 复习目标 2 知识图谱 3 重点词汇 4 重点短语 5 重点语法 7 巩固 提高 6 词汇扩展 8 主题写作 1. Vocabulary Acquisition Master core vocabulary related to four key themes: wild animals (e.g., panda, rhino, polar bear, wolf), seasons and weather (e.g., season, climate, sunny, rainy, thunderstorm), ecosystems (e.g., ocean, wetland, forest, ecosystem), and emergencies/natural disasters (e.g., earthquake, flood, typhoon). Understand and apply word-formation rules: suffixes (-ing, -ness, -ion, -y, -ly) and compound nouns (e.g., thunderstorm, earthquake, policeman), enabling flexible word conversion and expansion of vocabulary. 2. Grammar Application Proficiency in infinitive structures (U5): verbs + to-infinitives, to-infinitives for purpose (including "in order to"), and verbs + objects + infinitives (with/without "to"). Master basic sentence structures (U6): distinguish transitive/ intransitive verbs, and correctly use S+V, S+V+O, S+V+P patterns with modifiers like adverbs and adjectives. Skillful use of conjunctions and complex sentence structures (U7): connect ideas with and/but/or/so, and apply double-object structure (S+V+O+O) and object complement structure (S+V+O+C). Accurate use of the past continuous tense (U8): describe ongoing actions in the past with when/while/as, and distinguish tense collocations for long/short actions. Learning objectives 3. Language Skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading) Reading: Comprehend various genres (stories, poems, expository articles, news reports) about wild animal protection, seasons, ecosystems, and disaster survival; extract main ideas, grasp details, and analyze logical relationships. Listening: Catch key information from dialogues, podcasts, and weather forecasts on themes like wildlife protection, seasonal weather, ecosystem conservation, and emergency responses. Speaking: Engage in conversations on topics like "protecting wild animals," "describing favorite seasons," "conserving ecosystems," and "handling emergencies"; express opinions, put forward suggestions, and use appropriate phrases to show agreement or response. 4. Writing Abilities Complete diverse writing tasks: write a letter to humans on behalf of a wild animal (U5), describe a favorite season (U6), draft a proposal for ecosystem protection (U7), and narrate experiences of emergencies or natural disasters (U8). 5. Cognitive development Understand the relationship between humans and nature: recognize the importance of protecting wild animals and ecosystem balance, appreciate the beauty and power of nature in seasonal changes, and establish environmental awareness. Enhance safety awareness: learn response methods for common emergencies and natural disasters, remember safety knowledge and emergency measures, and improve self-protection capabilities. Broaden cross-cultural perspectives: understand seasonal weather characteristics in different regions and emergency contact numbers in various countries, enriching global awareness. Learning objectives Language map Important words 1.野生的 adj.__________ 2.狼 n.__________ 3.极小的 adj.__________ 4.出生 n.__________  5.重，重达，称重 v.__________  6.令人满意的 adj.__________ 7.严重的 adj.__________ 8.生病的 adj.__________ 9.以...为生 __________ 10.结果 n.__________    wild                    wolf-wolves                        tiny                      birth                            weigh                            satisfying                            serious                 sick                            live on                      result      11.政府 n.                       12.采取行动                        13.多亏，由于                         14.努力 n.                      15.增加 v.                             16.保护 n.                        17.成长，生长，发育 n.                        18.完成，管理 v.                        19.猎杀 v.                       20.重要的，有意义的 adj.                     government take action to do sth thanks to  effort increase   protection  groth  manage  hunt   meaning 21.理由 n.                            22.接受 vt.                          23.降低，扔掉，丢掉 v.                          24.危险，风险 n.                          25.印度的，印度人的 adj.                          26.灾难 n.                           27.污染 n.                         28.有雾的 adj.                          29.躲藏 v.                          30.阵雨 n.                             shower reason accept drop   risk India disaster pollution foggy hide 31.回忆 n.____________ 32.懒惰的 vt.&vi.____________                33.当...时候，随着 n.____________ 34.温度 n.____________ 35.吹 vt.&vi.____________ 36.发光，照耀 v.____________ 37.有...气味 系.____________ 38.热量 n.____________ 39.突然 adj.____________ 40.分成，分开 v.____________ memory lazy as temperature blow shine smell heat sudden divide 超出，除...以外 介.___________          把...联系起来 vt.&vi.____________                正面的，积极的，肯定的 adj.____________ 影响，效果 n.____________ 平均的 adj.____________ 度数 n.____________ 暴风雪 n.____________ 糟糕的，可怕的 adj.____________ 保重 ____________ 结冰的 adj.____________ beyond connect positive effect average degree snowstorm awful take care frozen 厚的，浓的，密的n.___________        扔，丢，抛 vt.&vi.____________                当...时候，随着 n.____________ 气候 n.____________ 包括 vt.____________ 容纳，拿着，举行v.____________ 返回，归还 v.____________ 储存 v.____________ 有害的 adj.____________ 伤害 n/v.____________ thick throw as climate include hold return store harmful harm 吵闹的，喧哗的adj.____________          导致，造成 vt.____________                造成（后果） vi.____________ 创造 v.____________ 知识 n.____________ 解决 v.____________ 环境的 adj.____________ 健康的 adj.____________ 紧急情况 n.____________ 情况 n.____________ noisy cause lead create knowledge solve environmental sound emergency situation 无家可归的 adj.____________          事故 n.____________                可怕的 adj.____________ 消防员 n.____________ 交通 n.____________ 摇动 v.____________ 恐惧 n.____________ 方向 n.____________ 安静的 adj.____________ 焦虑的 adj.____________ homeless accident terrible fireman traffic shake fear direction silent anxious 平静 v/adj/n.____________          虚弱的 adj.____________                除...以外没有 介.____________ 大量地 adv.____________ 猜测 v/n.____________ 疼痛 n/v.____________ 邮递员 n.____________ 差一点儿，险些adj.____________ 报道 v.____________ 包含...在内 介.____________ calm weak except heavily guess ache postman close report including 避免 v.____________          伤口 n.____________                流血 v.____________ 护照 v.____________ 警告 v.____________ avoid wound bleed passport warn My parents have always taught me the __________ (important) of being kind and respectful to others. I’d like to have a talk with the (manage) of this hotel. (near) 30% of students in the school like reading books in the library. Finally, if you do not get a (satisfied) result, try not to get too angry. His (ill) is the result of eating too much junk food. Exercise importance manager Nearly satisfying illness Do you know that trees are major fighters against air _______ (pollute)? This dictionary is much (thick) than that one. The president’s (suddenly) appearance surprised all of us. If you have a __ (balance) diet, you will stay healthy. I like the quietness of the countryside. The city is too for me.(noise) pollution thicker sudden balanced noisy People got to know the film star through his (act) movies. We should have a healthy diet (include) fruits and vegetables. Global warming is causing glaciers in the US to melt and _________ (appear) even faster. 14. Tony’s father and uncle are both (policeman). They help keep the city safe. 15. Come to us if you don’t bring enough water. We have ________ (大量). action including disappear policemen plenty 1．—The room is in a terrible ________. Who can help me clean it? —I’m sorry, Mum. I have a lot of homework to do. Maybe Dad can help you. A．way B．surprise C．silence D．mess 2． Curiosity can always drive us ________ the world of science. A．exploring B．explore C．to explore D．explores 3．Sadly, people were all sleeping ________ the earthquake happened, so many of them lost their lives. A．since B．while C．because D．when 4. Not bad. We learn a new subject this term, physics. I find it interesting and ________. A．hopeful B．hopeless C．useful D．useless 5. The baby _________ 4 kilogram at birth. Do you know her _________ now? A．weighs; weigh B．weighed; weight C．weighted; weigh D．weighed; weighs 6. Tom isn’t as ______ as Sam; he’s more easy-going. A．serious B．seriously C．more serious D．most serious 7. —Do you think the dish tastes different? — No. The change in the taste may be too __________, so I didn’t notice it. A．serious B．awful C．slight D．terrible 8. —What do you think of the newspaper TEENS？     —Good indeed. It__________many news stories around the world. A．talks B．covers C．writes D．says 1.野生动物 2.一只雕/一头鲨鱼 3.最喜欢海豚/狼/狐狸/斑马 4.在地球上最聪明的动物之中 5.动物世界之王 6.团队合作 7.得到妥善照顾 8.闭着眼睛 9.大熊猫的出生 10.一开始 wild animals an eagle/a shark like dolphins/wolves/foxes/zebras best among the smartest animals on earth the king of the animal world work as a group in safe hands with eyes closed the birth of the giant panda in the beginning Important phrases U5 给她全天候的照顾 学会照顾她自己 没有什么比看到“希望”长成毛茸茸的一大团更令人满意的了。 面临严重问题 容易生病 主要以竹子为生 因此 采取行动 保护自然保护区 多亏了所有的努力 give her round-the-clock care learn to look after herself There is nothing more satisfying than seeing Xiwang grow into a big ball of fur. face serious problems easily get sick live mainly on bamboo as a result take action protect the nature reserves thanks to all the efforts 熊猫宝宝的成长 设法爬上树 没能下来 猎杀鲸 学习狩猎技能 靠近它的母亲以获得保护 一次重要的旅行 处于危险之中 快乐和悲伤的感觉 the growth of the baby panda manage to climb up the tree fail to get down hunt the whales learn hunting skills stay near its mother for protection a meaningful trip in danger feelings of hapiness and sadness 出于任何原因 接受我们的邀请 谢谢你的好意 生活在北极 陆地上最大的食肉动物 这个星球上最大的动物 活长达90年 违法 蓝鲸所剩无几。 阻止人们因犀牛角而猎杀印度犀牛 for any reason accept our invitation thank you for your kindness live in the Arctic the biggest meat-eaters on land the largest animals on the planet live up to 90 years against the law There were few blue whales left. stop people from hunting Indian rhinos for their horns 一些野生动物处于危险之中的原因 占用更多土地供他们自己使用 使动物难以过上健康的生活 水污染 某些野生动物 用野生动物的毛或皮制作东西 破坏野生动物的生存空间 加入一个动物保护团体 疾病和自然灾害 60.我们将来可能一个也不剩。 the reasons why some wild animals are in danger take more land for their own use make it difficult for animals to live healthy lives water pollution certain wild animals make things from the fur or skin of wild animals do bad things to wild animals’ living spaces join an animal protection group illnesses and natural disasters there may be none of us left in the future. 1.宜人的天气 2.风和日丽 4.满是雪 5.放风筝的好时机 6.在花丛中嬉戏 7.那些夏日的甜蜜回忆 8.躲避四月的阵雨 9.落在地上堆成一堆 10.随着白天变短,气温下降 the pleasant weather windy and bright full of snow a perfect time to fly a kite play among flowers those sweet memories of summer days hide from the April showers fall into piles upon the ground as the days get shorter and the temperature drops Important phrases U6 降至零度以下 堆雪人 风刮得很猛 突如其来的大雨 在城市周边进行一次短途旅行 将一年划分为24个部分 在古代 二十四节气 除农业外,还有 重要的文化意义 20.与传统节日相关 drop below zero make snowmen blow hard the sudden heavy rain have a short trip around the city divide the year into 24 parts in ancient times the 24 Solar Terms have important cultural meanings beyond farming be connected with traditional festivals 对中国文化产生积极影响 在初冬时节 在线订购东西 保重 随时致电我们 被厚厚的白雪覆盖 冰冻的湖泊 和朋友打雪仗 互相扔雪球 have a positive effect on Chinese culture at the start of winter order things online take care feel free to call us be covered in deep white snow the frozen lakes have big snowball fights with friends throw snowballs at each other Important phrases U7 1.位于沙漠和森林之间 2.昼夜温差 3.包括所有生物和非生物 4.恶劣的气候 5.保持A和B之间的平衡 6..覆盖地球表面约71% 8.扮演一个角色 9.容纳大量盐水 10.回到大海 lie between deserts and forests the difference in temperature between day and night include all the living and non-living things the awful climate keep the balance between A and B cover around 71% of the earth's surface have a role to play hold plenty of salt water return to the ocean 11.持续不断 12.地球的“心脏” 13.帮助消除污染 14.像巨大的海绵一样储存水 15.承担地球“肾脏”的功能 16.占地球陆地面积的 近三分之一 17.从空气中吸收二氧化碳 18.把有害物质吸收进它们的叶子里 19.供养数百万植物和动物 20.减缓气候变化 go on and on the “heart” of the earth help get rid of pollution store water like giant sponges act like the “kidneys” of the earth make up/cover nearly a third of the earth's land area take in carbon dioxide from the air trap harmful things in their leaves support millions of plants and animals slow down climate change 21.数百万吨塑料 22.破坏海洋生态系统的平衡 23.为当地野生动物建造更好的家园 24. 不少沙漠植物 25.导致珊瑚缓慢死亡 26.地球上最大的珊瑚礁系统 27.严重破坏海洋环境 28.世界上最重要的湿地之一 29.为...提供食物和庇护所 30.短暂停留 millions of tons of plastic harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem build a better home for local wildlife quite a few desert plants cause corals to die slowly the largest reef system on earth greatly damage the ocean's environment one of the world's most important wetlands provide food and cover for ... for a short stay 31.在白天 32.为了有更多的空间用于农场和建筑 33.导致野生动物生存空间减少 34.减少参观湿地的游客数量 35.创建盐城自然保护区 36.制定法律 37.使湿地免受污染 38.保持生态系统平衡 39.破坏森林中的生态系统 40.来自工厂和房屋的废水 in the daytime in order to have more space for farms and buildings lead to less space for wildlife reduce the number of tourists visiting wetlands create Yancheng Nature Reserve create/make laws keep wetlands free from pollution keep the ecosystem balanced damage the ecosystem in forests wastewater from factories and houses 41.环保产品 42.清理海滩 43.杀死海洋生物 44.解决问题 45.加入环保团体 environment-friendly products clean up the beach kill sea life solve the problems join an environmental group 1.安然无恙 2.使数千人没有供暖 3.使成千上万的人无家可归 4.迅速行动来应对它 5.让整个城镇陷入可怕的境地 6.在办公楼引起大火 7.最大的交通事故之一 8.冲出路面 9.感觉轻微摇晃 10.雷鸣般的一声巨响 safe and sound leave thousands without heating make thousands of people homeless act quickly to deal with it leave the whole town in a terrible state start a big fire in an office building one of the largest traffic accidents come off the road feel a slight shake a loud noise like thunder Important phrases U8 害怕地大喊 四处奔跑 雨点般落下 跳得很快 掠过我的脑海 平静下来 试着找到我的出路 来自兴奋的人们的叫喊声 用微弱的声音哭喊 发现他自己被困在大楼里 shout in fear run in all directions rain down beat really fast go through my mind calm down try to find my way out shouts from excited people cry out in a weak voice find himself trapped in the building 逃离森林火灾 除了大自然的声音 再走远一点 扑灭火 清除街道上的积雪 被困在他们的车里 继续报道这一事态发展 增加丛林大火的规模和威力 烧毁数百万平方米的土地 用一块湿布捂住口鼻 run from the fire in the forest except the sounds of nature walk a bit further put out the fire clear the snow from the streets be trapped in their cars keep reporting on this developing situation increase the size and power of the bush fires burn millions of square metres of land cover the nose and mouth with a wet piece of cloth 伏低身体贴近地面 一栋着火的建筑 在自然灾害和紧急情况下保持安全 保护你自己免受浓烟的侵害 避免另一个事故 用一块干净的布包扎伤口 紧紧地按压它 引发海啸 警告我们远离海滩 尽快跑上山 stay low to the ground a building on fire stay safe in natural disasters and emergencies protect yourself from the thick smoke avoid another accident tie a piece of clean cloth round the wound press it firmly cause a tidal wave warn us to stay away from the beach run up the hill as fast as possible Say the phrases according to Chinese quickly. on average in the wild as a result quite a few in all directions say to oneself live on in danger take care red-crowned crane 自言自语 丹顶鹤 保重 处于危险中 以吃...为生 四处，到处 相当多 因此 平均 在野外 at risk be connected with slow down safe and sound right away take action divide...into get rid of lead to calm down 平静 导致 清除，摆脱 15 14 13 把...分成 12 采取行动 11 10 9 8 7 6 有危险... 16 与...有联系 2 1 5 4 慢下来，放松 18 3 安然无恙 19 立刻，马上 20 17 1.然而竹林变得越来越少。因此,大熊猫可能无处生存,无以为食。 However, the bamboo forests are becoming _________________ . ___________, pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat.  2.如果我们什么都不做,很快世界上就一只熊猫也不剩了! If we 　　　　　　, soon there may be 　　　　　　!  3.听到这个消息我很难过。 I'm sorry 　　　　　　that.  Important sentences U5 smaller and smaller as a result do nothing none left to hear 4.我们应该立即采取行动。 We should 　　　　　 right away.  5.我认为每个人都应该行动起来保护野生动物。 I think everybody should 　　　 　 wild animals.  6.20个月大时,她就学习照顾自己了。 When she was 20 months old, she learnt __________________.　　 take action act to protect to look after herself 1.随着季节的变换,新的开始也随之而来。 Soon the will begin, and it will be a new year ___________. 2.冬天通常非常寒冷,气温可能会降到零度以下。 In winter, it is often very cold, and the can ______ ___________.  3.街上有些人用围巾遮住脸。这让他们看起来有点滑稽。 Some people in the street ______________ with scarves. It makes them _____________. snowy season once again drop temperature below zero cover their faces look a bit funny Important sentences U6 4.他们把一年分为24个部分—这就是二十四节气。 They ________ the year _______ 24 parts——these are the ______________. 5.它们展示了作物生长、温度以及其他天气状况的变化。 They show changes in ___________, temperature and other ________________. 6.天气非常寒冷,每个人都得穿上厚厚的保暖衣物。 It is very cold, and everyone has to wear __________________. divided into 24 solar terms crop growth weather conditions thick warm clothes 1.沙漠的气候是如此糟糕以至于只有少数的动植物可以生活在 那里。 The climate in deserts is ________ that only a few animals and plants can live there. 2.它包含/容纳着大量的咸水，这些水蒸发到天空，落到陆地上，然后又流回海洋。 It _______ plenty of __________, and the water rises to the sky, __________ the land and then ___________________ . 3.它覆盖了地球表面最大的区域，并且容纳了地球97% 的水。 It _______ the largest area of ________________and holds 97% of the earth’s water. holds salt water so awful falls onto covers returns to the ocean the earth’s surface Important sentences U7 4.此外，如果渔民一只在那里捕鱼，鸟将会没有足够的食物吃。 Moreover, if fishermen ____________ there, the birds will not have enough food _______. 5.教育和知识是保持森科安全的有用的工具。 _____________________are useful tools to help ______________ . 6.而且，工厂和房子的废水流到了海洋，造成了污染。 Also, __________from factories and houses travels to the ocean and _______________. keep fishing to eat Education and knowledge keep forests safe wastewater causes pollution Important sentences U8 1.自然灾害是自然界中突然发生的强烈的事件，如地震或洪水。 ________________is a sudden and _____________ in nature, such as an earthquake or a flood. 2.外面，人们四处奔逃，玻璃碎片和砖块如雨点般落下 Outside, people were running _______________ while pieces of glass and bricks__________________. 3.在伤口周围绑一块干净的布，并紧紧地按压它10到15分钟。 Tie a piece of clean cloth _______________, and ____________for 10 to 15minutes. A natural disaster powerful event in all directions were raining down round the wound press it firmly 4.当我回头看时，整个海滩和我们下面所有的建筑物都在水里。 When I___________ , the whole beach and ___________________ ______were in water. 5.海啸过去后，警察检查了一下大家是否安全，并警告我们这几天要远离海滩。 After the _________ passed, the police checked to see if everyone was OK and _________________________ the beach for a few days. 6.幸运的是，没有人受伤或死亡。我们都很高兴我们是安全的。 Luckily, no one ___________ or killed. All of us were happy that _____________. looked back all the buildings below us tidal wave warned us to stay away from was hurt we were safe Unit 7 Unit 6 Unit 5 动词及基本句型1(S+V/S+V+O/S+V+P) 动词不定式 （1）动词不定式作宾语 （2）动词不定式作目的状语 （3）动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词及基本句型2S+V+IO+DO/S+V+DO+OC) 并列连词and, but, or 和 so Unit 8 （1）过去进行时 （2）when, while 和 as 的用法 Grammar 当句子中已经有谓语动词,而我们又要表达不止一个动作概念时,其余的动词可以使用非谓语形式。动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,其基本形式是“to+动词原形”。如: He wants to play football after class. 动词不定式在句子中不充当谓语,因此没有人称、数的变化,可在句中充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。如: To learn English well is not easy. What are you trying to do? The teacher asked us to read more English stories. They got up early to catch the early bus. 动词不定式 Grammar rules 动词不定式做宾语 动词不定式在句中常充当谓语动词的宾语,这一类谓语动词常见的有: 动词不定式 afford to do sth负担得起； agree to do sth同意; choose to do sth选择； decide to do sth决定; fail to do sth失败； forget to do sth忘记; hope to do sth希望； learn to do sth学习; like to do sth喜欢； manage to do sth设法 plan to do sth计划； prepare to do sth准备 promise to do sth答应； refuse to do sth拒绝; remember to do sth记住； seem to do sth似乎; start/begin to do sth开始；try to do sth尝试; want to do sth想要； wish to do sth希望; would like to do sth想要； He offered to teach me to skate. 他主动提出教我滑冰。 I think it easy to answer the question. 我认为回答这个问题很容易。 I find it interesting to learn English. 我发现学英语很有趣。 2.有些动词后面接复合宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语由动词不定式充当。这样的动词有think、 find、 feel等。 我决定这周末不去看望他了。 注意: 动词不定式的否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。 I decided not to visit him this weekend. 1.To live a low-carbon life, we must remember            the lights when we leave the room.  A.to turn off B.turning off C.not to turn off       D.turn off 2.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important          a peaceful world.  A.build B.not build       C.to build D.not to build 3.We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest?  A.have B.to having C.having D.to have Exercise 动词不定式 动词不定式做目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语表示某一动作或状态的目的,可位于句首或句子后面。有时,为了强调突出这种目的,还可以在动词不定式前面加 in order。 To improve his basketball skills, Li Lei trained hard. =Li Lei trained hard to improve his basketball skills. 李雷刻苦训练是为了提高自己的篮球技能。 Tom stood up in order to/to see the blackboard clearly. 为了清楚地看到黑板,汤姆站了起来。 易错点动词不定式作目的状语时,其否定形式一般不用"not+不定式",而用"in order not +不定式"。 (×)Let's hurry not to be late for the meeting. (√)Let's hurry in order not to be late for the meeting.为了开会不迟到,我们快点儿吧.。 4.Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with your friends.  A.spend B.spending C.to spend D.spent 5. ____ Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. A. Spreading B. To spread C. Spreads D. Spread 6. - You should do what you can _________ your English, Li Ming. - OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved Exercise 动词不定式 动词不定式做宾语补足语 我们可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况,此时动词不定式在句中充当宾语补足语。如: The teachers often ask us to come to school early. ★常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：V+sb+to do advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事      allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 ask/tell/get sb to do sth 让某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事       need sb to do sth需要某人做某事 want sb to do sth想要某人做某事        would like sb to do sth warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事        wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 My mother often tells me not to swim in the river. 我妈妈常常告诉我不要在河里游泳。 ★常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： notice listen to hear watch 四看 see look at observe 三让 let make have 二听 一感觉 feel + sb. do sth. 强调全过程或者经常性做某事 + sb. doing sth.（除三让） 强调正在做某事 I saw Alice enter the shop on the opposite side of the road just now. 我刚才看见爱丽丝走进了马路对面的商店。 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 Could you help me (to) do some cleaning?你能帮我打扫卫生吗? 其他成分： 1).和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语。 2).作程度或结果状语时,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用  3).不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 1).We are sorry to trouble you.           2).He is old enough to dress himself. Hellen is too young to go to school. 3).He didn’t know where to go. =He didn’t know where he should go. 4).His dream is to become a doctor. 5).I had something cold to drink. 6).It is good for you to go out for a walk everyday.   其他成分： 4).表示主语的“职业job、职责duty、梦想dream/wish、计划plan”,常对连系动词前的名词进行解释说明 5).不定式作定语修饰 something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是“something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式” 6).句型It is+adj./n.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的 1. Chinese people find ________ our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road. A.it B. this C. that D. these 2. When you move somewhere now, the first thing for you is to find a place _________ . A. to live B. living in C. to live in D.live in 3. - You'd better advise him _________ anything out of the window while driving. - I will. He has to know its dangerous. A. not throwing B. no throwing C. not to throw D. don't throw 4. Though be often made his little sister _______ , today he was made _________ by her A. cry; to cry B. cried; crying C.to cry;cry D.to cry;to cry Exercise 5. Was it necessary _________ John _________ some photos to have an interview? A. of; taking B. for; taking C. of to take D. for; to take 6. - Why doesn't the surgeon stop _________ lunch? - Because he is too busy _________ a dying patient in the operation room. A. to have; to save B.having;to save C. to have;saving D. having; saving 7. - You look worried. You'd better _________ your problem with others. - Oh. yes. _________ a problem is like cutting it in half. A. share; Sharing B. sharing; To share C.to share;To share D. share; Shared (一)句子成分 1.主语:在主动语态中,主语表示“谁”或“什么”,主语是动作的执行者;在被动语态中,主语表示“谁”或“什么”受到动作的影响,是动作的承受者。主语一般由名词、代词等充当。例句: She has bought a lovely present for Millie.(她给米莉买了一份可爱的礼物。) 2.谓语:谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致，一般位于主语之后,由简单动词或动词短语构成。 例句:Did you do your homework yesterday? (昨天你做家庭作业了吗?) 3.表语:表语说明主语的性质、特征、身份等，一般由名词(或相当于名词的词、短语或句子)、形容词或介词短语等充当。例句:Daniel is generous and very imaginative.(丹尼尔慷慨大方而又富有想象力。) 4.宾语:宾语是动作、行为的对象。由名词(相当于名词的词、短语或从句)、代词等充当,一般位于及物动词之后,宾语又分为直接宾语(常指的是动词所涉及的物)和间接宾语(常指的是动词所涉及的人)。例句: He showed me the photo.他给我看了照片。(me是间接宾语，the photo 是直接宾语) 动词及基本句型(I) 一、动词的分类 动词分为行为动词(及物动词和不及物动词)和连系动词(另外还有助动词和情态动词)。 及物动词之后要接名词或代词等作宾语。不及物动词要接宾语时,必须添加合适的介词,如:listen to me,arrive at the station 等。 1. The sun is shining.(太阳照耀着) 2. They like staying at home.(他们喜欢待在家里。) S+ V （主+谓）        S+ V+ O（主+谓+宾） 连系动词主要指be动词、感官动词(look, sound, feel, smell、taste),表示“变,变成”的动词(become,get,grow,turn),表示“保持”的动词(remain,keep,stay)和表示“似乎”的动词(seem,appear)等。 连系动词本身具有词义,但意义不完整,后需接表语。通常结构为S+V+P(主+系+表)。 The idea sounds good.(这个主意听起来不错。) S+ V+ P （主+谓+表）  一.在下面每个句子后的横线上写出其所属的句子结构  1.That fat boy is running on the playground. _____________________________________ 2.We are all students. _____________________________________ 3.You look well today. _____________________________________ 4.He watches TV at home in the evening. _____________________________________ Exercise S+V S+V+P　 S+V+P S+V+O 1. The sentence structure of “The food tastes better than I cooked last week.” is　　　.  A.S+V+O　　　B.S+VC. C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P 2. I visited the zoo last Sunday. A.主语　　　　B.谓语　　　　C.状语　　　　 D.宾语 3. The food in the restaurant is delicious. A.表语　　　　B.宾语　　　　C.主语　　　　 D.谓语 4. It is our duty to protect the environment.  A.直接宾语　　B.间接宾语　 C.形式主语　　 D.真正主语 动词及基本句型(II) 双宾语结构:有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语,通常其中一个指人,另一个指物;指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。这种结构可以用介词to或for变化双宾语的顺序,即“S+V+O(direct)+ to/for+O(indirect).”结构,主语十谓语+间接宾语十直接宾语。 (1)动词bring、feed, give, hand, lend, offer,pass、pay.post、read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用to(表示动作的方向)来变换,句意不变。 (2)动词 bring,build, buy, cook, find, get, leave、make,order, pick, save等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用for来变换,句意不变。 The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. =The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals. (太阳给海洋动物提供光和热。) 有些及物动词后面常跟宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等。这样构成的句子结构是S +V+O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)。如: 注意: 宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式来充当。如: (1)名词作宾补 (2)形容词作宾补 They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那个婴儿迪克。 New findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins site made us excited. 三星堆遗址的新发现使我们激动。 I'll never get all this work finished. 这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。(过去分词作宾补) He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等待。(动词-ing作宾补) She saw the boy enter the kitchen. 她看见那个男孩进了厨房。(省略to的动词不定式作宾补) The police put the thief to prison. 警察把这个小偷关进了监狱。 (3)过去分词、动词-ing、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补(过去分词作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系;动词-ing作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)。 (4)副词、介词短语等作宾补 一.在下面每个句子后的横线上写出其所属的句子结构  1.1.Suddenly,he heard someone shouting “Fire. Fire. Help!” _____________________________________ 2.My father bought me a new pen yesterday. _____________________________________ 3.His words made me unhappy. _____________________________________ Exercise S+V+DO+OC S+V+DO+OC S+V+IO+DO  1. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as“The children are playing happily on the playground.”? A．Some children are playing football. B．They are passing the ball to each other. C．The coach teaches them to work as a team. D．They are listening carefully around the coach. 2．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Tom makes some boys laugh”? A．Tom is a kind and helpful boy. B．Tom is singing in his room now. C．Tom bought his mother a present. D．Tom often watches Mike play the piano. 3．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “This bad news made me disappointed.”? A．S+V+O B.S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P 我们可以用并列连词and、 but、or和so来连接单词、短语或者句子。如: Our English teacher is kind and helpful.我们的英语老师既和蔼又乐于助人。 The boy is not very tall, but he runs very fast.这个男孩个子不是很高,但跑得很快。 Do you often go home on foot or by bicycle?你通常回家是步行,还是骑自行车? She was ill, so she did not go to school.她生病了,所以没去上学。 注意:并列连词可以用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。 并列连词and 意思是“和,又”,表示并列关系。如: Mike likes playing football and singing songs.迈克喜欢踢足球和唱歌。 并列连词but意思是“但是”,表示转折关系,所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。如: The room was small but comfortable.房间虽小,但很舒适。 并列连词and, but, or 和 so 并列连词or意思是“或者”,表示选择关系。如: Which do you like better, juice or coffee?果 汁和咖啡,你更喜欢哪一个? 注意:在否定句中并列成分通常用or连接,而不用and。如: I cannot speak Japanese or French.我不会说日语和法语。 并列连词so意思是“因此,所以”,表示因果关系,常用来连接两个简单句。如: It began to rain, so we went home.开始下雨了,所以我们就回家了。 注意:并列连词so和从属连词because(因为)不能一起使用。如: The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (√) Because the dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (x) 并列连词and, but, or 和 so 1. Mary thinks geography is really difficult, ________ she doesn’t like it. A．but B．if C．so D．or 2．Ella dances better than Emma, ______ Emma sings louder than her. A．so B．because C．but D．or 3．It is difficult for Jane to learn maths, ________ she still works hard on it. A．and B．or C．but D．so 4．—Would you like to eat Chinese food ________ Western food? —Chinese food! A．and B．but C．or D．so 5．Sam doesn’t like geography, ________ I like it very much. A．or B．because C．but D．so 过去进行时 我们可以用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如: I was reading at 8 last night. 昨晚八点我正在读书。 What were you doing last month? 你上个月一直在做什么? 1. 过去进行时的构成: 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+v.-ing+其他. I was cleaning the windows at that time. 否定句 主语+wasn't/weren't+ v.-ing +其他. They weren't having an English class at eight yesterday morning. 一般疑问句 及其回答 Was/Were+主语+ v.-ing +其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you drawing all day yesterday? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+ v.-ing+其他? What were you doing at 9 a.m. the day before yesterday? 2.过去进行时的用法 (1)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语at that moment、 at that/this time yesterday、 at nine o'clock last night等。 We were having dinner then.那时我们正在吃晚饭。 What were you doing at this time last night? 昨天晚上这个时候你正在做什么? (2)过去进行时也可用来表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作,此时常与those days、 the whole morning、 all day yesterday、 "from+时间点+to+时间点+last night"等时间状语连用。有时没有明显的时间状语,需要根据语境判断。 I was writing a novel on the computer from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点我一直在电脑上写小说。 We were writing our reports those days.那些天我们一直在写报告。 (3)过去进行时表示过去某个时间将要做某事,只有come、 go、 leave、 arrive 等动词有这种用法。 He said he was coming in ten minutes.他说他十分钟后来。 易错点有些动词通常不用于进行时,主要有: (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love、 hate、 like、 know等。 (2)部分连系动词,如seem、 appear等。 (3)感官动词,如see、 hear、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste 等。 (4)短暂性动词,如decide、 stop等。 1. —Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony (毕业典礼) at that time. A．will practise B．have practised C．am practising D．was practising 2．When I walked into the kitchen, Dad ________ breakfast and singing along with the radio. A．is cooking B．cooked C．was cooking D．will cook 3．Linda ________ her homework when her mother came back. A．does B．did C．is doing D．was doing 74．—Mary, why didn’t you answer the telephone just now? —I didn’t hear it. I ________ TV at that moment. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching Exercise when, while 和 as 的用法 when, while和as这三个词均有“当……时候”的意思。如: There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 他到场时会议室已有很多人。 While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。 I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning. 今天早晨我骑车上学时看见一起交通事故。 when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的; while指一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。指一段时间时,when,while和as都可用;指某一点时间时，只能用when或as,不能用while。试比较: When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (√) While he woke up, it was eight o'clock.(x) When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. (√) 当某个动作正在进行时,又发生了另一动作,我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作,用一般过去时表示短动作。此时when, while,as都可以连接主从句,构成“一般过去时+when/while/as +过去进行时”结构,过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下,连词when, while,as既可位于句中,也可位于句首。如: It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. 我们在吃晚饭时,开始下起大雨。(have dinner为长动作) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. 当我们正在看书时,一个陌生人走了进来。(read为长动作) 谈论两个同时进行的长动作(事件、情况),常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。如: They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill.当我们在爬山时,他们在划船。 While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 当她在打电话时,我正在写一封电子邮件。 强调某个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生,常用“过去进行时+when +一般过去时”结构。如: I was walking in the street when he called me.他打电话给我时,我正走在街上。 1.Alice 　　　in the sitting room when the accident happened.   A.reads　　　  B.will read C.was reading　 D.read 2.I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I 　　　online.  A.study　　　 B.was studying C.am studying　　D.will study 3.My English teacher took a photo of me while I 　　　at the sports meeting.  A.run　　 B.ran　　 C.was running D.is running 4.I met my favourite football player while I 　　　at the bus station.  A.waits　　　 B.will wait C.is waiting　 D.was waiting Exercise Word power Kinds Changes examples Suffix -ing -ness -ion -y -y -y -ly -ly -ly Compound words How to make new words sun+rise  sunrise kind  kindly v/adj. n. happy  happiness begin  beginning n.  adj. luck  lucky team+work  teamwork fog  foggy easy  easily day  daily play+ground  playground invite  invitation shine  shiny adj.adv. n. adj. adj.adj. n.  n. n.  v. v.  n. adj.n. gentle+man  gentleman Exercise She has a lot of _______ (happy) since she got the new job. We received an _______ (invite) to the party yesterday. The car has a _______ (shine) surface after being washed. It's so _______ (fog) that we can't see the buildings far away. He solved the problem _______ (easy) with no effort. We need to do some _______ (day) exercises to keep fit. Good ______ ( work with a group people) can make the project successful. happiness invitation shiny teamwork foggy easily daily Unit 5 Wild animals 学校阅读俱乐部举行主题为“Wild animals are our friends”的征文活动。请根据以下信息,用英语写一篇短文。内容包括:野生动物目前的现状、造成这种现状的原因、人们应该采取的措施等。 要求:(1)语句通顺,意思连贯,条理清晰,书写规范; (2)词数80左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。 Wild animals are our friends ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Writing Wild animals are our friends We share the common nature, so the way we treat wild animals is very important. Many wild animals have nowhere to live because people cut down many trees and build houses in animals' living areas. Besides, in order to make clothes, people have killed a large number of animals for their fur. As a result, animal species around the world are decreasing day by day. It's time for people to take action! The government should make laws at first. If people kill or hunt animals, they will be punished. And people should know the importance of protecting animals and try their best to protect wild animals. Unit 6 Seasons 假设你是Daniel，请你根据思维导图中提供的信息，给你英国的笔友Jude写一封关于四季的信。 要求：1)表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯; 2)必须包括思维导图中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥; 3)词数100左右。 Dear Jude, I’m writing to tell you something about the four seasons in Nantong. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Daniel Dear Jude,   I’m writing to tell you something about the four seasons in Nantong.   In spring, I love watching bees and butterflies flying among flowers. To enjoy nature’s beauty, I went to Zhalong Nature Reserve and helped the Birdwatching Association save injured birds. Summer here is hot, with temperatures above 30℃, which often makes people feel sleepy. I usually play by the stream and rest under trees.   When autumn comes, fallen leaves pile up on the ground. It’s a busy farming season and also perfect for flying kites. Winter brings several snowstorms. We build snowmen, have snow fights, and laugh happily together.   Each season here has its own beauty and fun.   Yours, Daniel Unit 7 The natural world 学校英文报纸正在征集保持平衡生态系统的文章,请你写一篇关于“保护森林，人人有责”的短文,内容包括: 1.简要说明森林对地球的重要性; 2.分析森林目前面临的主要问题; 3. 提出保护森林的具体建议。 要求: 1.结合要点提示,可适当发挥; 2.语句连贯,词数80左右。 Forests are important for our earth, providing oxygen, shelter, and balancing ecosystems. Yet, they face some problems: people cut down too many trees,rubbish pollution harms wildlife and soil, and climate change makes forests drier and hotter. To protect forests, we must not throw rubbish in forests.We should recycle or reuse waste to prevent pollution and join clean-up projects to restore damaged areas. Bring your own chopsticks to reduce plastic use. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help protect forests ，like planting trees or supporting eco-friendly products. Small actions make a difference.(小的行动会产生影响。)Every effort helps to protect the lungs of our earth. 为了增强居民防灾减灾意识,推广避灾自救技能，你们社区将举行“防灾减灾,守护安全”短视频创作比赛。假设你是阳光中学的李华,你打算参加本次活动。请根据以下流程图为你的短视频写一篇英文旁白。 注意事项: 1.旁白内容需自拟,要求语句通顺,意思连贯,符合题意; 2.文本框中的提示为限定性内容; 3.词数 90 左右,已给出部分(画直线部分)不计入总词数。 Unit 8 Safe and sound Hello, everyone. I'm Li Hua, a student from Grade 9 at Sunshine Middle School. Today, I want to talk about earthquakes. An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground, which can cause great damage to buildings and even threaten people's lives. Now, let's learn some tips to stay safe during an earthquake. First, if you are indoors, hide under a sturdy table or desk and stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Second, if you are outdoors, move to an open area and stay away from trees, power lines and buildings. Remember these tips, and we can protect ourselves better when disasters strike. Consolidation 1.What is Kate's favourite animal in the zoo? A.     B.                    C.          2. What is the weather like today? A.     B.                      C.         3. What did Sam make? A.      B.    C.         4. What sport doesn’t the boy play? A.     B.C.         5. What does the boy think of his friendship with Anna? A. It is just so-so. B. It is very weak. C. It is quite strong. A.     B.                    C.          3. What ecosystem are the two speakers talking about?   A.     B.                    C.          4. What was Tina doing at 9 o'clock yesterday morning? 5. Who is the boy's favourite character? A. Ne Zha. B. Ao Bing. C. Li Jing. 6. What does Sam think of Miss Li? A. Successful. B. Strict. C. Careful. 7. Why does the woman look pale? A. Because she is seriously ill. B. Because she had an accident. C. Because she saw an accident. 8. Why doesn't the woman buy the coat? A. Because it's very expensive. B. Because it's not so beautiful. C. Because it's made of animals' fur. A.     B.                    C.          In China, there are 24 solar terms(节气) in a year. The Autumn Equinox is one important solar term. It falls on September 23 this year. The Autumn Equinox is at the midpoint of autumn. It divides the season into two equal parts. On this day, the length of the day and the length of the night are about the same all over the world. After this day, days become shorter and nights become longer in the northern hemisphere(北半球). Autumn is the time to eat some seasonal foods. During this time, crab(蟹肉) is very delicious. Pears, beans and many other plants are there to harvest. You can pick and eat these fresh fruits and vegetables. Most areas in China become cool after the Autumn Equinox. Many flowers blossom during this period. You can enjoy the cool weather and the beautiful flowers in a park. So why not have an outing on the weekends? I love eating hairy crabs. They are so tasty. I want to live by Yangcheng Lake so that I could eat them every day. The hairy crab is a kind of seasonal food. It is delicious in late autumn. If you like it, you can go to Yangcheng Lake after the Autumn Equinox. 1．The underlined word “seasonal” in the third paragraph means ________. A．可口的 B．令人愉悦的 C．季节性的 D．令人满意的 2．From the passage, we know ________. A．there are 24 solar terms in a year in the world B．the Autumn Equinox divides the season into three parts C．the hairy crab is one of the seasonal foods in autumn D．the hairy crab tastes very delicious in early autumn In China, there are 24 solar terms(节气) in a year. The Autumn Equinox is one important solar term. It falls on September 23 this year. The Autumn Equinox is at the midpoint of autumn. It divides the season into two equal parts. On this day, the length of the day and the length of the night are about the same all over the world. After this day, days become shorter and nights become longer in the northern hemisphere(北半球). Autumn is the time to eat some seasonal foods. During this time, crab(蟹肉) is very delicious. Pears, beans and many other plants are there to harvest. You can pick and eat these fresh fruits and vegetables. Most areas in China become cool after the Autumn Equinox. Many flowers blossom during this period. You can enjoy the cool weather and the beautiful flowers in a park. So why not have an outing on the weekends? I love eating hairy crabs. They are so tasty. I want to live by Yangcheng Lake so that I could eat them every day. The hairy crab is a kind of seasonal food. It is delicious in late autumn. If you like it, you can go to Yangcheng Lake after the Autumn Equinox. 3．According to the passage, we can ________ after the Autumn Equinox. A．have an outing B．enjoy the warm weather C．live by Yangcheng Lake D．have longer days than nights 4．The writer writes the passage to introduce ________ to us. A．Yangcheng Lake B．the Autumn Equinox C．24 solar terms D．hairy crabs Thank you. null 125888.555 null 184539.17 $