专题02 必修一Unit 2 Let's talk teens重难知识综合复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语译林版

专题02 必修一 Unit 2 Let's talk teens (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 难点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 argument, teenager, tension, anxious, anger, struggle, regular, concern, normal, expert, likely, unique, performance, eager, adventure, flexible, account, secure, graduate, emergency, volunteer, operation 必备短语 see eye to eye with sb (on sth) , shoot up, calm down, from one’s point of view, think sth through, back down, cheer up, be on sb’s back about sth, draw sth out of sth, result in, a strange middle ground, at a different rate, put stress on sb. , take a passive role in, under a lot of stress, have a bad influence on. There is no point (in) doing sth… , put yourself in sb’s shoes, meet in the middle. It turned out to be/ that…, take on the role of sb. 疑难长句 1. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. （教材p16） 2. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. （教材p17） 3. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent- child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. （教材p17） 阅读微技能 新闻报道 (News report) 的阅读技巧 语法与修辞 句子结构：简单句、并列句、复合句 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. n. 争吵, 争论; 论点 2. n. 青少年 3. n. 紧张关系; 紧张;拉伸 4. adj. 忧虑的, 担心的;令人焦虑的 5. n. 怒气, 怒火 6. ⅵ. & n. 奋斗; 斗争; 搏斗 7. adj. 频繁的,有规律的 8. n. 担心,忧虑;关心. vt. 涉及;让人担忧 9. adj. 正常的, n. 常态,通常标准 10. n. 专家 adj. 熟练的, 内行的, 专家的 11. adj. 可能的,预料的,有希望的 2. adj. 独一无二的; 独特的, 特有的 13. n. 表现; 表演; 执行 14. adj. 热切的, 渴望的, 渴求的 15. n. 冒险, 冒险经历,奇遇 16. adj. 灵活的, 可变动的; 柔韧的 17. n. 账户; 描述; 解释. vt. 视为 18. adj. 安心的,可靠的;牢固的 19. vi. & vt. 毕业. n. 毕业生 20. n. 突发事件,紧急情况 21. vi. & vt. 自愿做, n. 志愿者 22. n. 手术；运转,操作 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. They sat down to settle the ________ over who should take responsibility for the broken window. 2. As a ________, she often feels caught between childhood and adulthood. 3. Waiting for the important exam results made her increasingly ________. 4. You could feel the ________ in the room as everyone waited for the final decision. 5. He tried to control his ________ when the computer crashed again. 6. The climbers faced a tough ________ against the strong winds and icy slopes (坡). 7. He keeps ________ working hours, starting at nine and finishing at five. 8. Her main ________ is whether the children are safe and happy at school. 9. It is ________ to feel a bit nervous before speaking in public. 10. She consulted an ________ in ancient history to verify the facts about her hometown. 11. If you don’t practice, you are ________ to forget what you’ve learned. 12. Each person’s fingerprint is ________ and can be used for identification. 13. Her outstanding ________ in the play earned her a title of first-class actresses in the industry. 14. The students were ________ to start their summer vacation and explore new places. 15. Sailing across the ocean alone was the greatest ________ of his life. 16. Our plans need to be ________ to adapt to any unexpected changes. 17. He gave a detailed ________ of how he spent the budget last quarter. 18. Make sure all doors and windows are ________ before you leave the house. 19. After she ________ from university, she planned to travel for a year. 20. In an ________, dial this number for immediate assistance. 21. The doctor explained the risks involved in the surgical ________. 22. She decided to ________ at the local animal shelter every weekend, without being paid. 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。 Tom was a __________ preparing for his final exams, feeling __________ and under much __________. A heated __________ with his dad about future plans only fueled his __________. To find relief, he began __________ jogs. One evening, he faced a real __________ when he heard a call for help—a local __________. A child had fallen. Without thinking, Tom rushed to assist, his earlier __________ for himself gone. The __________ experience changed him. It felt more like an __________ than a burden. A doctor, an __________ in first aid who happened to be there, later gave a full __________ of the event, praising Tom's calm actions. This __________ made Tom feel __________ and valued. He realized helping others was a __________ part of life. __________ to do more, he decided to __________ at the community center. This __________ role fit his schedule. He is now __________ to __________ with new purpose, no longer defined by a single __________ of rescue, but by a commitment to service. 汤姆是个青少年，正在备战期末考试，感到非常焦虑，压力很大。一次关于未来计划的激烈争论让他和爸爸吵了起来，这更增添了他的怒火。为了放松，他开始规律地跑步。一天傍晚，他正感到内心挣扎时，突然听到呼救声——当地发生了紧急情况。一个孩子摔倒了。汤姆不假思索地冲过去帮忙，之前对自己的种种担忧瞬间消失了。 这次独特的经历改变了他。这感觉更像一场冒险，而非负担。一位恰好路过、精通急救的专家医生事后详细描述了整个过程，称赞了汤姆的冷静行为。这番表现让汤姆感到安心和被认可。他意识到帮助他人是生活中很正常的一部分。他渴望做更多事，于是决定去社区中心做志愿者。这个灵活的职位很适合他的时间安排。他现在很有可能带着新的目标毕业，他人生的定义不再仅仅是那次救援行动，而是对奉献的持续承诺。 四、词性转化练习 1．___________ n．争吵，争论；论点→___________ vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证→_______________ adj. 好争辩的 2．___________ adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→___________ adv.焦急地→___________ n．担心；焦虑；渴望 3．___________ adj. 思想的，精神的，智力的→___________ adv.精神上；智力上 4．___________ adj. 频繁的；有规律的→___________ adv. 定期地；有规律地 5．___________ n．担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧→___________ adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→___________ prep. 关于；涉及 6．___________ adj. 正常的，一般的 n．常态，通常标准→___________ adv. 通常；正常地→___________ adj. 不正常的，异常的；畸形的 7．___________ n．精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重→___________ adj. 焦虑不安的→___________ adj. 产生压力的；紧张的 8．___________ n．表现；表演；执行，履行→___________ vt.& vi. 表演；表现→___________ n．表演者；演员 9．___________ adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的→___________ adv. 渴望地→___________ n．渴望 10．___________ adj. 安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt. 获得，得到；保卫→___________ n．安全 11．___________ vi. & vt. 毕业 n．毕业生→___________ n．毕业 12．___________ n．回复；反应，响应→___________ vi.& vt. 回答，回应；作出反应，响应 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. Tom loves to ________ with his brother, and their heated ________ often makes him appear ________. (argue, argument, argumentative) 2. She felt extremely ________ about the upcoming speech, waiting ________ in the hall, her face pale with ________. (anxious, anxiously, anxiety) 3. The accident caused both physical and ________ damage, and the survivor was ________ exhausted from the terrible experience. (mental, mentally) 4. Maintaining a ________ routine is vital; she exercises ________ to stay in good shape. (regular, regularly) 5. The main public ________ is safety, and people are deeply ________ about the ________ rise in crime rates. (concern, concerned, concerning) 6. A body temperature of 37°C is considered ________, and people ________ feel comfortable at this level; any significant deviation (背离、偏差)is ________. (normal, normally, abnormal) 7. The upcoming exams put her under great ________, making her feel ________; it was a ________ period for everyone. (stress, stressed, stressful) 8. The famous ________ will ________ a magic show tonight, and we expect an amazing ________. (performer, perform, performance) 9. The children were ________ to open their presents and watched ________ as the boxes were unpacked. Their ________ brought smiles to all. (eager, eagerly, eagerness) 10. They worked hard to ________ a stable future for their family and find ________ in their jobs, which gave them a sense of ________. (secure, security) 11. He is about to ________ from high school, and the upcoming ________ ceremony marks the end of an important chapter. (graduate, graduation) 12. We must ________ quickly to the emergency, and our timely ________ could save lives. (respond, response) ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 1. (在某事上)与某人看法一致 2. 快速长高, 蹿个儿 3. 平静, 镇静, 安静 4. 从某人的角度, 观点出发 5. 充分考虑, 全盘考虑, 想透 6. 承认错误, 认输 7. (使)变得高兴, 振奋起来 8. 缠磨, 烦扰 9. 提取, 支取 10. 导致 11. 奇怪的中间地带 12. 不同的速度 13. 给某人施压 14. 在……中扮演被动角色，在……中处于被动地位 15. 承受巨大压力 16. 对……产生不良影响 17. 做某事没有意义／没有必要 18. 设身处地为某人着想 19. 各让一步；折中 20. 结果发现……；原来是…… 21. 扮演……的角色；承担……的职责 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词形式的变化。 Seeing Eye to Eye Tom and his father rarely __________________ homework. His father __________________ finishing it early, which __________________ Tom. One evening, after Tom’s grades __________, his father urged him to ______________ before relaxing. " __________________," his father said, "you should study more." Tom, __________________, argued, but his father refused to _______________. Finally, Tom’s mom __________________ mediator (调解人). She asked them to __________________ ____________ and __________________. __________________ Tom worked __________________, and constant pressure __________________ him. After _______________, they reached __________________: Tom would ______________ setting deadlines, while his father would ______________ and trust him more. This compromise __________________ less tension, proving __________________ forcing opinions. Together, they __________________ understanding. 意见相合 汤姆和父亲很少在作业问题上达成一致。父亲总是唠叨着要他早点完成作业，这给汤姆带来了压力。一天晚上，汤姆的成绩突然提高后，父亲却劝他仔细考虑清楚再放松。"在我看来，"父亲说，"你应该多学习。" 汤姆压力很大，争辩了几句，但父亲不肯让步。最后，汤姆的妈妈扮演了调解人的角色。她让他们站在对方的角度想想，并各退一步。结果发现，汤姆的学习节奏和别人不同，而持续施压对他产生了负面影响。 冷静下来后，他们达成了一个奇怪的折中方案：汤姆不再主动参与制定截止时间，而父亲则会鼓励他并给予更多信任。这一妥协使得紧张关系缓解，证明强迫对方接受观点毫无意义。最终，他们从理解中收获了快乐。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. （教材p16） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句。主句为“You may feel anxious（你可能感到焦虑）”，从句为“that you are developing at a different rate to your friends（你正以与朋友不同的速度发育）”。“shooting up in height（身高猛长）”和“getting left far behind（或被远远落在后面）”是两个并列的现在分词短语伴随状语，具体说明“发育速度不同”的两种表现。 【译文】你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发育的速度和朋友不一样——要么身高猛长，要么被远远落在后面。 【仿写训练】 1） 她感到松了一口气，因为考试终于结束了——要么高分通过，至少也达到了要求。 2） 父母常会担心，因为孩子学习的速度和同学不同——要么在创造性科目上突出，要么在逻辑科目上吃力。 2. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. （教材p17） 【结构解析】 这是一个状语从句。主句为“you wish they could be more caring and patient（你希望他们能更体贴耐心）”，当中又含有一个宾语从句“they could be more caring and patient。”从句为 “when you are struggling to control your feelings（当你竭力控制情绪时）。” 破折号后补充说明sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride（有时他们忘记成长之路充满坎坷）。 【译文】另一方面，当你竭力控制情绪时，你会希望他们能更体贴、更耐心——有时他们忘了，成长本是一条坎坷之路。 【仿写训练】 1） 相反地，当你试图隐藏困惑时，你希望他们能给予更清晰的指导——偶尔他们忽略了学习需要时间和练习。 2） 与此同时，当你努力保持积极时，你渴望他们能给予更多支持与鼓励——有时他们忘了，韧性正是在挫折中炼成的。 3. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent- child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. （教材p17） 【结构解析】主句是祈使结构“just remember（只需记住）”，后接两个并列的宾语从句（由 and 连接两个 that 从句）。从句1为“that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress（感到这种压力是完全正常的）”；其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是“to struggle with the stress”。定语从句“that parent-child tensions create”修饰“the stress”。从句2为“that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship（你和父母可以共同努力改善关系）”。 逻辑关系： 前一句承认并接纳压力的普遍性，后一句提出积极的解决方案，形成“接纳现实+行动建议”的递进结构。 【译文】 请记住，因亲子关系紧张而产生的压力让你感到挣扎是完全正常的，而且你和父母可以共同努力改善你们之间的关系。 【仿写训练】 1） 你要明白，面对学业挑战时感到迷茫是完全自然的，而且寻求帮助是坚强的表现，而非软弱。 2） 你要认识到，因青春期的种种变化感到不知所措是绝对普遍的，而且与值得信赖的成年人坦诚沟通能让这段旅程更顺利。Just realize that it is absolutely common to feel ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 高考英语阅读理解——作者态度题解题指导 请仔细阅读课本Strangers under the same roof?一文，回答以下问题。 Based on the passage, what is the author's attitude towards parent-child tensions? A. Critical and hopeless, seeing them as a sign of family failure. B. Worried and negative, believing they do harm to teenagers' growth. C. Understanding and constructive, considering them normal and manageable. D. Indifferent and neutral, describing them without personal opinion. ❖ 真题再现 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- （2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 结构类型 定义 连 词 例 句 简 单 句 只包含一个主谓结构，表达一个完整意思的句子。只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 无 The sun rises. 太阳升起。 Tom and Mary study and play together. 汤姆和玛丽一起学习和玩耍。（并列主语 + 并列谓语，仍算一个主谓结构。） 并 列 句 由并列连词连接的两个或以上简单句，句子间关系平等。 并列关系：and,both...and... He opened the door, and the dog ran out. 转折关系：but, yet, while She is young, but she is very capable. 选择关系：or, either...or... Hurry up, or you'll be late. 因果关系：so, for It was raining, so we stayed home. 复 合 句 状 语 从 句 种类 连词 例句 时间状语 从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as When he arrived, we started the meeting. 他一到，我们就开始开会了。 地点状语 从句 where, wherever Put the book where you found it. 把书放回原处。 原因状语 从句 because, since, as, now that I stayed home because it rained. 因为下雨，我待在家里。 条件状语 从句 if, unless, as long as If you study hard, you will pass. 如果你努力学习，就会通过。 目的状语 从句 so that, in order that He spoke slowly so that everyone could understand. 他说得很慢，以便每个人都能听懂。 结果状语 从句 so...that, such...that It was so hot that we went swimming. 天太热了，所以我们去游泳了。 让步状语 从句 although, though, even though Although he was tired, he kept working. 虽然他累了，但仍继续工作。 比较状语 从句 as, as if, as though Do as I told you. 按我说的做。 方式状语 从句 than, as...as She is taller than I (am). 她比我高。 主 语 从 句 主语从句 that, whether, wh-词 (what/when/why/how等) That he succeeded surprised everyone. 他成功了这件事让所有人惊讶。 What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多练习。 宾语从句 She asked if I could help her. 她问我是否能帮她。 Tell me where you live. 告诉我你住在哪里。 表语从句 that, whether, as if, wh-词 The fact is that he didn't come. 事实是他没来。 The question is whether it's worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。 This is why I was late. 这就是我迟到的原因。 同位语从句 常用 that等 The news that our team won excited us. 我们队获胜的消息让我们兴奋。 I have a feeling that something is wrong.我有种感觉某事不对劲。 定 语 从 句 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose，as The man who lives here is a doctor. 住在这儿的男人是医生。 That's the girl whose father is a pilot. 那是她父亲是飞行员的女孩。 关系副词我很，where，why This is the house where I grew up. 这是我长大的房子。 I remember the day when we first met. 我记得我们初次见面的那天。 Tell me the reason why you were late. 告诉我你迟到的原因。 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 关系代词 which, who, whom, whose，关系副词我很，where，when, as；要用逗号：前后必须用逗号与主句隔开。永远不能用that；永远不能省略关系词。 My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor. 我姐姐是医生，她住在北京。(只有一个姐姐) This book, which you lent me, is interesting. 这本书很有趣，是你借给我的。(补充说明这本书的来源) He passed the exam, which surprised everyone. 他通过了考试，这让大家很惊讶。( which指代前面整个句子) ❖ 真题再现 ✎-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 【2021全国甲卷】 We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. 2. 【2021新课标I卷】 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 3. 【2022新课标I卷】 The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 4. 【2022新课标II卷】 "I don't know 65 to thank him.” 5. 【2022全国甲卷】 On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 6. 【2023新课标I卷】 To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 7. 【2023新课标II卷】 This is 42 they need an English trainer. 8. 【2023新课标II卷】 It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home. 9. 【2023全国甲卷】 Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow” 10. 【2024新课标II卷】 “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 11. 【2024新课标II卷】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 12.【2025新课标II卷】 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 13. 【2025新课标I卷】An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 14. 【2025新课标I卷】 Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 必修一 Unit 2 Let's talk teens (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 难点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 argument, teenager, tension, anxious, anger, struggle, regular, concern, normal, expert, likely, unique, performance, eager, adventure, flexible, account, secure, graduate, emergency, volunteer, operation 必备短语 see eye to eye with sb (on sth) , shoot up, calm down, from one’s point of view, think sth through, back down, cheer up, be on sb’s back about sth, draw sth out of sth, result in, a strange middle ground, at a different rate, put stress on sb. , take a passive role in, under a lot of stress, have a bad influence on. There is no point (in) doing sth… , put yourself in sb’s shoes, meet in the middle. It turned out to be/ that…, take on the role of sb. 疑难长句 1. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. （教材p16） 2. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. （教材p17） 3. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent- child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. （教材p17） 阅读微技能 新闻报道 (News report) 的阅读技巧 语法与修辞 句子结构：简单句、并列句、复合句 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. n. 争吵, 争论; 论点 argument 2. n. 青少年 teenager 3. n. 紧张关系; 紧张;拉伸 tension 4. adj. 忧虑的, 担心的;令人焦虑的; anxious 5. n. 怒气, 怒火anger 6. ⅵ. & n. 奋斗; 斗争; 搏斗struggle 7. adj. 频繁的,有规律的 regular 8. n. 担心,忧虑;关心. vt. 涉及;让人担忧 concern 9. adj. 正常的, n. 常态,通常标准 normal 10. n. 专家 adj. 熟练的, 内行的, 专家的expert 11. adj. 可能的,预料的,有希望的 likely 12. adj. 独一无二的; 独特的, 特有的 unique 13. n. 表现; 表演; 执行performance 14. adj. 热切的, 渴望的, 渴求的 eager 15. n. 冒险,冒险经历,奇遇 adventure 16. adj. 灵活的,可变动的;柔韧的 flexible 17. n. 账户;描述;解释. vt.视为 account 18. adj. 安心的,可靠的;牢固的 secure 19. vi. & vt. 毕业. n. 毕业生 graduate 20. n. 突发事件,紧急情况 emergency 21. vi. & vt. 自愿做, n. 志愿者 volunteer 22. n. 手术；运转,操作 operation 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. They sat down to settle the ________ over who should take responsibility for the broken window. 【答案】argument 【详解】根据句意，双方需要解决因窗户破损而产生的争执。“settle the”后应接表示“争论”的名词，故填argument。 2. As a ________, she often feels caught between childhood and adulthood. 【答案】teenager 【详解】句意为“作为一名青少年，她常常感到身处童年和成年之间”。主语位置需表示“青少年”的单数名词，故填teenager。 3. Waiting for the important exam results made her increasingly ________. 【答案】anxious 【详解】句意为等待重要考试成绩使她越来越不安。“increasingly”后需接形容词，描述焦虑状态，故填anxious。 4. You could feel the ________ in the room as everyone waited for the final decision. 【答案】tension 【详解】句意为“当所有人等待最终决定时，你能感觉到房间里的紧张”。“the”后需接表示“紧张（气氛）”的名词，故填tension。 5. He tried to control his ________ when the computer crashed again. 【答案】anger 【详解】句意为“当电脑再次崩溃时，他努力控制自己的怒火”。“his”后需接表示“愤怒”的名词，故填anger。 6. The climbers faced a tough ________ against the strong winds and icy slopes (坡). 【答案】struggle 【详解】句意为“登山者们与强风和冰坡进行了艰苦的搏斗”。“a tough”后需接表示“斗争、搏斗”的单数名词，故填struggle。 7. He keeps ________ working hours, starting at nine and finishing at five. 【答案】regular 【详解】句意为“他保持着规律的工作时间，九点开始，五点结束”。“working hours”前需用形容词修饰，表示“规律的”，故填regular。 8. Her main ________ is whether the children are safe and happy at school. 【答案】concern 【详解】句意为“她主要的担忧是孩子们在学校是否安全和快乐”。“main”后需接表示“担忧、关切”的名词，且主语为单数，故填concern。 9. It is ________ to feel a bit nervous before speaking in public. 【答案】normal 【详解】句意为“在公开演讲前感到有点紧张是正常的”。“is”后需接形容词作表语，表示“正常的”，故填normal。 10. She consulted an ________ in ancient history to verify the facts about her hometown. 【答案】expert 【详解】句意为“她咨询了一位古代史专家以核实有关家乡的事实”。“an”后需接表示“专家”的单数名词，故填expert。 11. If you don’t practice, you are ________ to forget what you’ve learned. 【答案】likely 【详解】句意为“如果你不练习，你很可能会忘记所学的知识”。“are”后需接形容词构成“be likely to”固定搭配，表示“可能”，故填likely。 12. Each person’s fingerprint is ________ and can be used for identification. 【答案】unique 【详解】句意为“每个人的指纹都是独一无二的，可用于身份识别”。“is”后需接形容词作表语，表示“独特的”，故填unique。 13. Her outstanding ________ in the play earned her a title of first-class actresses in the industry. 【答案】performance 【详解】句意为“她在剧中的出色表演为她赢得了该行业一流演员的称号”。“outstanding”后需接名词，表示“表演”，故填performance。 14. The students were ________ to start their summer vacation and explore new places. 【答案】eager 【详解】句意为“学生们迫不及待地想开始暑假，去探索新的地方”。“were”后需接形容词构成“be eager to”固定搭配，表示“渴望”，故填eager。 15. Sailing across the ocean alone was the greatest ________ of his life. 【答案】adventure 【详解】句意为“独自横渡大洋是他一生中最大的冒险”。“the greatest”后需接表示“冒险（经历）”的单数名词，故填adventure。 16. Our plans need to be ________ to adapt to any unexpected changes. 【答案】flexible 【详解】句意为“我们的计划需要灵活，以适应任何意外的变化”。“be”后需接形容词作表语，表示“灵活的”，故填flexible。 17. He gave a detailed ________ of how he spent the budget last quarter. 【答案】account 【详解】句意为“他详细说明了上一季度预算的使用情况”。“a detailed”后需接名词，give an account of 为常用搭配，表示“说明、描述”，故填account。 18. Make sure all doors and windows are ________ before you leave the house. 【答案】secure 【详解】句意为“离开家前，确保所有的门窗都关好锁牢”。“are”后需接形容词作表语，表示“安全的、关牢的”，故填secure。 19. After she ________ from university, she planned to travel for a year. 【答案】(had) graduated【详解】句意为“从大学毕业后，她计划旅行一年”。从句缺少谓语动词，主语为she，根据主句“planned”可知是过去发生的事情，故填graduated。 20. In an ________, dial this number for immediate assistance. 【答案】emergency 【详解】句意为“遇到紧急情况，请拨打此号码以获取即时帮助”。“an”后需接表示“紧急情况”的单数名词，故填emergency。 21. The doctor explained the risks involved in the surgical ________. 【答案】operation 【详解】句意为“医生解释了这项外科手术涉及的风险”。“the surgical”后需接名词，表示“手术”，故填operation。 22. She decided to ________ at the local animal shelter every weekend, without being paid. 【答案】volunteer 【详解】句意为“她决定每周末都在当地的动物收容所做志愿者, 没拿报酬”。decide to 后需接动词原形，表示“自愿做、当志愿者”，故填volunteer。 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。 Tom was a teenager preparing for his final exams, feeling anxious and under much tension. A heated argument with his dad about future plans only fueled his anger. To find relief, he began regular jogs. One evening, he faced a real struggle when he heard a call for help—a local emergency. A child had fallen. Without thinking, Tom rushed to assist, his earlier concern for himself gone. The unique experience changed him. It felt more like an adventure than a burden. A doctor, an expert in first aid who happened to be there, later gave a full account of the event, praising Tom's calm actions. This performance made Tom feel secure and valued. He realized helping others was a normal part of life. Eager to do more, he decided to volunteer at the community center. This flexible role fit his schedule. He is now likely to graduate with new purpose, no longer defined by a single operation of rescue, but by a commitment to service. 汤姆是个青少年，正在备战期末考试，感到非常焦虑，压力很大。一次关于未来计划的激烈争论让他和爸爸吵了起来，这更增添了他的怒火。为了放松，他开始规律地跑步。一天傍晚，他正感到内心挣扎时，突然听到呼救声——当地发生了紧急情况。一个孩子摔倒了。汤姆不假思索地冲过去帮忙，之前对自己的种种担忧瞬间消失了。 这次独特的经历改变了他。这感觉更像一场冒险，而非负担。一位恰好路过、精通急救的专家医生事后详细描述了整个过程，称赞了汤姆的冷静行为。这番表现让汤姆感到安心和被认可。他意识到帮助他人是生活中很正常的一部分。他渴望做更多事，于是决定去社区中心做志愿者。这个灵活的职位很适合他的时间安排。他现在很有可能带着新的目标毕业，他人生的定义不再仅仅是那次救援行动，而是对奉献的持续承诺。 四、词性转化练习 1．argument n．争吵，争论；论点→ argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证→ argumentative adj. 好争辩的 2．anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→ anxiously adv.焦急地→ anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望 3．mental adj. 思想的，精神的，智力的→ mentally adv.精神上；智力上 4．regular adj. 频繁的；有规律的→ regularly adv. 定期地；有规律地 5．concern n．担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧→ concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→ concerning prep. 关于；涉及 6．normal adj. 正常的，一般的 n．常态，通常标准→ normally adv. 通常；正常地→ abnormal adj. 不正常的，异常的；畸形的 7．stress n．精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重→ stressed adj. 焦虑不安的→ stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的 8．performance n．表现；表演；执行，履行→ perform vt.& vi. 表演；表现→ performer n．表演者；演员 9．eager adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的→ eagerly adv. 渴望地→ eagerness n．渴望 10．secure adj. 安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt. 获得，得到；保卫→ security n．安全 11．graduate vi. & vt. 毕业 n．毕业生→ graduation n．毕业 12．response n．回复；反应，响应→ respond vi.& vt. 回答，回应；作出反应，响应 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. Tom loves to ________ with his brother, and their heated ________ often makes him appear ________. (argue, argument, argumentative) 【答案】argue; arguments; argumentative 【解析】第一个空格在"loves to"后接动词原形，应填"argue（争论）"。第二个空格由形容词"heated"修饰，应填名词复数"arguments（争吵）"。第三个空格在"appear（显得）"后接形容词，应填"argumentative（好争论的）"。 2. She felt extremely ________ about the upcoming speech, waiting ________ in the hall, her face pale with ________. (anxious, anxiously, anxiety) 【答案】anxious; anxiously; anxiety 【解析】第一个空格在"felt"后接形容词作表语，应填"anxious（焦虑的）"。第二个空格修饰动词"waiting"，应填副词"anxiously（焦虑地）"。第三个空格在介词"with"后接名词，应填"anxiety（焦虑）"。 3. The accident caused both physical and ________ damage, and the survivor was ________ exhausted from the terrible experience. (mental, mentally) 【答案】mental; mentally 【解析】第一个空格修饰名词"damage"，应填形容词"mental（心理的）"，与"physical"对应。第二个空格修饰形容词"exhausted"，应填副词"mentally（心理上）"。 4. Maintaining a ________ routine is vital; she exercises ________ to stay in good shape. (regular, regularly) 【答案】regular; regularly 【解析】第一个空格修饰名词"routine"，应填形容词"regular（规律的）"。第二个空格修饰动词"exercises"，应填副词"regularly（定期地）"。 5. The main public ________ is safety, and people are deeply ________ about the ________ rise in crime rates. (concern, concerned, concerning) 【答案】concern; concerned; concerning 【解析】第一个空格在"main public"后接名词作主语，应填"concern（关切的事）"。第二个空格与"are"构成系表结构，应填形容词"concerned（担忧的）"。第三个空格在冠词"the"后接现在分词作形容词修饰"rise"，应填"concerning（令人担忧的）"。 6. A body temperature of 37°C is considered ________, and people ________ feel comfortable at this level; any significant deviation (背离、偏差)is ________. (normal, normally, abnormal) 【答案】normal; normally; abnormal 【解析】第一个空格在"is considered"后接形容词作补语，应填"normal（正常的）"。第二个空格在主语"people"和动词"feel"之间，修饰动词，应填副词"normally（通常）"。第三个空格在"is"后接形容词作表语，与"normal"相反，应填"abnormal（异常的）"。 7. The upcoming exams put her under great ________, making her feel ________; it was a ________ period for everyone. (stress, stressed, stressful) 【答案】stress; stressed; stressful 【解析】第一个空格在介词"under"后接名词，应填"stress（压力）"。第二个空格在"feel"后接形容词，应填"stressed（感到有压力的）"。第三个空格修饰名词"period"，应填形容词"stressful（充满压力的）"。 8. The famous ________ will ________ a magic show tonight, and we expect an amazing ________. (performer, perform, performance) 【答案】performer; perform; performance 【解析】第一个空格由"the famous"修饰，应填名词"performer（表演者）"作主语。第二个空格在助动词"will"后接动词原形，应填"perform（表演）"。第三个空格作动词"expect"的宾语，应填名词"performance（表演）"。 9. The children were ________ to open their presents and watched ________ as the boxes were unpacked. Their ________ brought smiles to all. (eager, eagerly, eagerness) 【答案】eager; eagerly; eagerness 【解析】第一个空格在"were"后接形容词构成系表结构，应填"eager（渴望的）"。第二个空格修饰动词"watched"，应填副词"eagerly（热切地）"。第三个空格作主语，应填名词"eagerness（热切）"。 10. They worked hard to ________ a stable future for their family and find ________ in their jobs, which gave them a sense of ________. (secure, security) 【答案】secure; security; security 【解析】第一个空格在"to"后接动词原形作目的状语，应填"secure（获得、确保）"。第二个空格作动词"find"的宾语，应填名词"security（保障）"。第三个空格在"a sense of"后接名词，应填"security（安全感）"。 11. He is about to ________ from high school, and the upcoming ________ ceremony marks the end of an important chapter. (graduate, graduation) 【答案】graduate; graduation 【解析】第一个空格在"to"后接动词原形，应填"graduate（毕业）"。第二个空格修饰名词"ceremony"，应填名词"graduation（毕业）"作定语。 12. We must ________ quickly to the emergency, and our timely ________ could save lives. (respond, response) 【答案】respond; response 【解析】第一个空格在情态动词"must"后接动词原形，应填"respond（回应）"。第二个空格作主语，由形容词"timely"修饰，应填名词"response（回应）"。 ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 1. (在某事上)与某人看法一致 see eye to eye with sb (on sth) 2. 快速长高, 蹿个儿 shoot up 3. 平静, 镇静, 安静 calm down 4. 从某人的角度, 观点出发 from one’s point of view 5. 充分考虑, 全盘考虑, 想透 think sth through 6. 承认错误, 认输 back down 7. (使)变得高兴, 振奋起来 cheer up 8. 缠磨, 烦扰 be on sb’s back about sth 9. 提取, 支取 draw sth out of sth 10. 导致 result in 11. 奇怪的中间地带 a strange middle ground 12. 不同的速度 at a different rate 13. 给某人施压 put stress on sb. 14. 在……中扮演被动角色，在……中处于被动地位 take a passive role in 15. 承受巨大压力 under a lot of stress 16. 对……产生不良影响 have a bad influence on 17. 做某事没有意义／没有必要 There is no point (in) doing sth… 18. 设身处地为某人着想 put yourself in sb’s shoes 19. 各让一步；折中 meet in the middle 20. 结果发现……；原来是…… It turned out to be/that… 21. 扮演……的角色；承担……的职责 take on the role of sb, 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词形式的变化。 Seeing Eye to Eye Tom and his father rarely saw eye to eye on homework. His father was always on his back about finishing it early, which put stress on Tom. One evening, after Tom’s grades shot up, his father urged him to think it through before relaxing. "From my point of view," his father said, "you should study more." Tom, under a lot of stress, argued, but his father refused to back down. Finally, Tom’s mom took on the role of mediator (调解人). She asked them to put themselves in each other’s shoes and meet in the middle. It turned out that Tom worked at a different rate, and constant pressure had a bad influence on him. After calming down, they reached a strange middle ground: Tom would take a passive role in setting deadlines, while his father would cheer up and trust him more. This compromise resulted in less tension, proving there was no point in forcing opinions. Together, they drew happiness out of understanding. 意见相合 汤姆和父亲很少在作业问题上达成一致。父亲总是唠叨着要他早点完成作业，这给汤姆带来了压力。一天晚上，汤姆的成绩突然提高后，父亲却劝他仔细考虑清楚再放松。"在我看来，"父亲说，"你应该多学习。" 汤姆压力很大，争辩了几句，但父亲不肯让步。最后，汤姆的妈妈扮演了调解人的角色。她让他们站在对方的角度想想，并各退一步。结果发现，汤姆的学习节奏和别人不同，而持续施压对他产生了负面影响。 冷静下来后，他们达成了一个奇怪的折中方案：汤姆不再主动参与制定截止时间，而父亲则会鼓励他并给予更多信任。这一妥协使得紧张关系缓解，证明强迫对方接受观点毫无意义。最终，他们从理解中收获了快乐。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. （教材p16） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句。主句为“You may feel anxious（你可能感到焦虑）”，从句为“that you are developing at a different rate to your friends（你正以与朋友不同的速度发育）”。“shooting up in height（身高猛长）”和“getting left far behind（或被远远落在后面）”是两个并列的现在分词短语伴随状语，具体说明“发育速度不同”的两种表现。 【译文】你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发育的速度和朋友不一样——要么身高猛长，要么被远远落在后面。 【仿写训练】 1） 她感到松了一口气，因为考试终于结束了——要么高分通过，至少也达到了要求。 She felt relieved that the exam was finally over, passing with high scores or at least meeting the requirements. 2） 父母常会担心，因为孩子学习的速度和同学不同——要么在创造性科目上突出，要么在逻辑科目上吃力。 Parents often become concerned that their child is learning at a different pace from classmates, excelling in creative subjects or struggling with logical ones. 2. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. （教材p17） 【结构解析】 这是一个状语从句。主句为“you wish they could be more caring and patient（你希望他们能更体贴耐心）”，当中又含有一个宾语从句“they could be more caring and patient。”从句为 “when you are struggling to control your feelings（当你竭力控制情绪时）。” 破折号后补充说明sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride（有时他们忘记成长之路充满坎坷）。 【译文】另一方面，当你竭力控制情绪时，你会希望他们能更体贴、更耐心——有时他们忘了，成长本是一条坎坷之路。 【仿写训练】 1） 相反地，当你试图隐藏困惑时，你希望他们能给予更清晰的指导——偶尔他们忽略了学习需要时间和练习。 In contrast, when you are trying to hide your confusion, you hope they might offer clearer guidance—occasionally they overlook that learning takes time and practice. 2） 与此同时，当你努力保持积极时，你渴望他们能给予更多支持与鼓励——有时他们忘了，韧性正是在挫折中炼成的。 Meanwhile, when you are fighting to stay positive, you long for them to be more supportive and encouraging—at times they fail to remember that resilience is built through setbacks. 3. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent- child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. （教材p17） 【结构解析】主句是祈使结构“just remember（只需记住）”，后接两个并列的宾语从句（由 and 连接两个 that 从句）。从句1为“that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress（感到这种压力是完全正常的）”；其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是“to struggle with the stress”。定语从句“that parent-child tensions create”修饰“the stress”。从句2为“that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship（你和父母可以共同努力改善关系）”。 逻辑关系： 前一句承认并接纳压力的普遍性，后一句提出积极的解决方案，形成“接纳现实+行动建议”的递进结构。 【译文】 请记住，因亲子关系紧张而产生的压力让你感到挣扎是完全正常的，而且你和父母可以共同努力改善你们之间的关系。 【仿写训练】 1） 你要明白，面对学业挑战时感到迷茫是完全自然的，而且寻求帮助是坚强的表现，而非软弱。 Just understand that it is entirely natural to feel lost when facing academic challenges, and that seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. 2） 你要认识到，因青春期的种种变化感到不知所措是绝对普遍的，而且与值得信赖的成年人坦诚沟通能让这段旅程更顺利。Just realize that it is absolutely common to feel overwhelmed by the changes in adolescence, and that open communication with trusted adults can make this journey smoother. ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 高考英语阅读理解——作者态度题解题指导 请仔细阅读课本Strangers under the same roof?一文，回答以下问题。 Based on the passage, what is the author's attitude towards parent-child tensions? A. Critical and hopeless, seeing them as a sign of family failure. B. Worried and negative, believing they do harm to teenagers' growth. C. Understanding and constructive, considering them normal and manageable. D. Indifferent and neutral, describing them without personal opinion. 【正确答案】 C 【详细解析】作者在文中多次将亲子矛盾正常化（“common”, “completely normal”），并从生理与心理角度科学解释其成因，表明理解而非指责。同时，作者花费大量篇幅提供具体解决方案（如“regular and honest communication” “understand from their point of view”），强调通过共同努力可以改善关系，态度积极且具有建设性。文章结尾明确断言矛盾是暂时的、对成长有准备意义的（“prepare you for adulthood”），进一步强化了积极导向。 A选项“Critical and hopeless, seeing them as a sign of family failure”（批判且绝望）：文中作者未将矛盾归咎于家庭失败，也未表达绝望，反而强调问题可以解决，故排除。B选项“Worried and negative, believing they do harm to teenagers' growth.”（担忧且消极）：作者虽承认矛盾存在压力，但整体基调是“可应对的”，且明确指出“this stormy period will not last”，因此并非消极。 D选项“Indifferent and neutral, describing them without personal opinion.”（漠然且中立）：作者不仅描述现象，更通过直接建议（“take action”, “the key is...”）和鼓励性语言（“work together”, “will turn out all right”）明确传递出积极介入的态度，并非不带立场的纯粹描述。 ❖ 真题再现 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- （2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【答案】 D 【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。 【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 结构类型 定义 连 词 例 句 简 单 句 只包含一个主谓结构，表达一个完整意思的句子。只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 无 The sun rises. 太阳升起。 Tom and Mary study and play together. 汤姆和玛丽一起学习和玩耍。（并列主语 + 并列谓语，仍算一个主谓结构。） 并 列 句 由并列连词连接的两个或以上简单句，句子间关系平等。 并列关系：and,both...and... He opened the door, and the dog ran out. 转折关系：but, yet, while She is young, but she is very capable. 选择关系：or, either...or... Hurry up, or you'll be late. 因果关系：so, for It was raining, so we stayed home. 复 合 句 状 语 从 句 种类 连词 例句 时间状语 从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as When he arrived, we started the meeting. 他一到，我们就开始开会了。 地点状语 从句 where, wherever Put the book where you found it. 把书放回原处。 原因状语 从句 because, since, as, now that I stayed home because it rained. 因为下雨，我待在家里。 条件状语 从句 if, unless, as long as If you study hard, you will pass. 如果你努力学习，就会通过。 目的状语 从句 so that, in order that He spoke slowly so that everyone could understand. 他说得很慢，以便每个人都能听懂。 结果状语 从句 so...that, such...that It was so hot that we went swimming. 天太热了，所以我们去游泳了。 让步状语 从句 although, though, even though Although he was tired, he kept working. 虽然他累了，但仍继续工作。 比较状语 从句 as, as if, as though Do as I told you. 按我说的做。 方式状语 从句 than, as...as She is taller than I (am). 她比我高。 主 语 从 句 主语从句 that, whether, wh-词 (what/when/why/how等) That he succeeded surprised everyone. 他成功了这件事让所有人惊讶。 What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多练习。 宾语从句 She asked if I could help her. 她问我是否能帮她。 Tell me where you live. 告诉我你住在哪里。 表语从句 that, whether, as if, wh-词 The fact is that he didn't come. 事实是他没来。 The question is whether it's worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。 This is why I was late. 这就是我迟到的原因。 同位语从句 常用 that等 The news that our team won excited us. 我们队获胜的消息让我们兴奋。 I have a feeling that something is wrong.我有种感觉某事不对劲。 定 语 从 句 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose，as The man who lives here is a doctor. 住在这儿的男人是医生。 That's the girl whose father is a pilot. 那是她父亲是飞行员的女孩。 关系副词我很，where，why This is the house where I grew up. 这是我长大的房子。 I remember the day when we first met. 我记得我们初次见面的那天。 Tell me the reason why you were late. 告诉我你迟到的原因。 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 关系代词 which, who, whom, whose，关系副词我很，where，when, as；要用逗号：前后必须用逗号与主句隔开。永远不能用that；永远不能省略关系词。 My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor. 我姐姐是医生，她住在北京。(只有一个姐姐) This book, which you lent me, is interesting. 这本书很有趣，是你借给我的。(补充说明这本书的来源) He passed the exam, which surprised everyone. 他通过了考试，这让大家很惊讶。( which指代前面整个句子) ❖ 真题再现 ✎-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 【2021全国甲卷】 We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. 【答案】but 【解析】句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。 2. 【2021新课标I卷】 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】What 【解析】 考查名词性从句。该句的“ 56 is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用What。 3. 【2022新课标I卷】 The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。 4. 【2022新课标II卷】 "I don't know 65 to thank him.” 【答案】how 【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 5. 【2022全国甲卷】 On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 6. 【2023新课标I卷】 To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【答案】or 【解析】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 7. 【2023新课标II卷】 This is 42 they need an English trainer. 【答案】why 【解析】考查表语从句。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 8. 【2023新课标II卷】 It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 9. 【2023全国甲卷】 Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow” 【答案】as 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 10. 【2024新课标II卷】 “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 11. 【2024新课标II卷】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 56 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 12.【2025新课标II卷】 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】空格前 “in the countryside of Zhejiang, China” 表示地点，后接一个描述当地自然和生活状况的完整句子（bamboo... grow wild...）。这里需要一个关系副词引导定语从句修饰地点，并在从句中作地点状语，表示“在那里……”，因此用 where。 13. 【2025新课标I卷】An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】“Go, or weiqi in Chinese” 是主语，“originated in China...” 是补充说明它的从句。逗号后需用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰围棋。不能用 it（会造句子结构错误）或 that（非限制性定语从句不用 that）。上海久事美术馆的一场展览正在展出以围棋（中文称“围棋”）为灵感的艺术作品，围棋起源于四千多年前的中国。 14. 【2025新课标I卷】 Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】 and 【解析】 句子主语是三个并列的名词短语：the balance...，the beauty...，the energy flow... 三者需用 and 连接，构成并列主语，谓语 inspired 是复数形式。涂（Tu）表示，黑白棋子之间的平衡、棋子战略布局之美以及每一步棋所带来的能量流动，共同启发了艺术家们为此次展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图像和丝网版画作品。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $