近5年全国高考语法填空形容词考点分析+高考模拟考试题 讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

2025-12-24
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摘要:

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦语法填空形容词类核心考点,涵盖动词/名词转化为形容词、形容词比较级、形容词转副词等高频考查方向,按“考点梳理-真题解析-规律总结”逻辑架构知识,通过分类讲解构词规律(如动词-ed/-ing形式辨析)、结合语境匹配方法(如2023新课标I卷taste→tasty的定语修饰)、近5年高考真题实例训练,帮助学生构建形容词考点的系统认知与应用能力。 讲义创新采用“语法+语境”融合策略,如将派生规则与主题场景绑定(科技类用efficient,文化类用traditional)培养语言能力,通过真题语篇逻辑分析(如2022浙江卷existing表“现有”的语境判断)提升思维品质。设置分层练习(真题示例+模拟题巩固)与错误类型总结(如副词误用形容词),配合“先找逻辑主语再判修饰关系”的长难句拆解训练,确保学生高效突破考点,为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径,助力提升学生应考实战能力。

内容正文:

五年高考真题语法填空形容词类 英语高考的语法填空题越来越注重考查学生的实际应用能力。这种命题趋势意味着,题目不再仅局限于单一的语法知识考察,而是通过设置具体的语境,让学生在实际应用中理解和运用语言知识。 该题型分给词填空和无词填空两类,给词考的是实词,如动词、名词、形容词、副词等. 其中形容词是考查重点之一。 近几年考点如下: 考点一:考查动词转化为形容词 (2021新课标II卷) I was so ________(excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. 答案:excited 解析:考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我非常兴奋。他说他会确保公司将塑料吸管的使用量减少一半。空处用于系动词was之后作表语,且修饰主语“I”(人),需用“v-ed”形式的形容词;excited表示“感到兴奋的”,故填excited。 2022浙江卷 Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 答案:existing 解析:考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。空处需修饰名词senses(感官)作定语,existing为形容词,意为“现有的”,故填existing。 2022浙江卷 Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 答案:sighted 解析:考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。空处需修饰名词people(人)作定语,sighted为形容词,意为“能看见的、不盲的”,与前文“Blind people”(盲人)形成对比,故填sighted。 2024新课标I卷 In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 答案:closed 解析:考查形容词。句意:在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭状态,以保护植物。空处用于系动词stays之后作表语,需用形容词;closed表示“紧闭的、关闭的”,符合语境,故填closed。 考点二:考查名词转化为形容词 2021新课标II卷 I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 答案:harmful 解析:考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境有多么大的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的替代品。此处为“how”引导的感叹句,结构为“how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”,需将名词harm(危害)转化为形容词harmful(有害的),故填harmful。 2022新课标II卷 On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ________(sleep) while watching TV. 答案:asleep 解析:考查形容词。句意:事故发生那天,布朗夫人正在上班,埃里克和他父亲在家。他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构,空处需填形容词作系动词fell的表语;sleep为动词,其对应的形容词是asleep,“fall asleep”为固定搭配,意为“入睡、睡着”,符合语境,故填asleep。 (2023新课标I卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 答案:tasty 解析:考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包)---那些用精致饺皮做成的绝妙美食,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和鲜甜的肉馅---无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。空处需修饰名词soup(汤)作定语,需将名词taste(味道)转化为形容词tasty(美味的),故填tasty。 (2023新课标II卷) Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________(confidence) speaking English. 答案:confident 解析:考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构,空处与前文形容词comfortable(舒服的)并列,共同作系动词feel的表语,需将名词confidence(自信)转化为形容词confident(自信的),故填confident。 (2023浙江1月卷) The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________(space) homes and walled gardens. 答案:spacious 解析:考查形容词。句意:他们形成的胡同井然有序,两旁排列着宽敞的房屋和带围墙的花园。空处需修饰名词homes(房屋)作定语,需将名词space(空间)转化为形容词spacious(宽敞的),符合句意,故填spacious。 (2024新课标I卷) The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________(function) structure that is also beautiful. 答案:functional 解析:考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个兼具保护功能与美观的结构。空处需修饰名词structure(结构)作定语,需将名词function(功能)转化为形容词functional(有功能的),故填functional。 (2025新课标I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 考查形容词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的,策略的”,作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 (2025新课标II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____57____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 答案 central 考查形容词。句意:然而现在,我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村,在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生,鸡总是自由放养的,而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中心的”,作定语。故填central。 考点分析 1词性转换仍是基础,但更强调语义匹配。动词转化为形容词(5年4考) 名词转化为形容词(5年8考) 2熟记形容词的构词规律(包括名词转化为形容词,动词转化为形容词) 考点三:考查形容词比较级用法 2021新课标I卷 The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________(hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? 答案:hotter 解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:这处泉水的奇妙之处在于,气温越低,泉水就越热!是不是很奇怪?此处考查固定结构“the + 形容词比较级,the + 形容词比较级”,意为“越……,越……”;前文用“the colder”,空处需对应用“the hotter”,故填hotter。 2021浙江1月卷 This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ________(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 答案:lower 解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是因为农村居民面临一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平、较高的健康食品成本以及较少的体育设施。根据句子结构,“and”连接三个并列的名词短语,后文用形容词比较级higher(更高的)和fewer(更少的),空处需保持形式一致,用low的比较级lower(更低的),故填lower。 (2021浙江6月卷) When the house was built, it was much 49.   (small)than it is today. 答案 smaller 句意:这所房子建的时候比现在小得多。small,小的,形容词,根据句中的 than 可知,该空应用 small 的比较级,故填smaller。 2023浙江1月卷 Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________(simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 答案:simpler 解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模小得多,在设计和装饰上也更简洁,而且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构,“and”连接并列成分,前文用形容词比较级smaller(更小的),空处需保持形式一致,用simple的比较级simpler(更简洁的),故填simpler。 考点分析 1形容词的比较级(5年4考) 2 在具体的语境理解和运用形容词的比较级,如2021浙江1月卷,2023浙江1月卷 3 固定句式中形容词的比较级,如2021新课标I卷 考点四:形容词转化为副词 (2021新课标I卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ________(undoubted) help you get refreshed! 答案:undoubtedly 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:山脚下的温泉是爬山后必体验的项目,它无疑会帮助你恢复精力!空处修饰动词help(帮助),作状语,形容词undoubted(无疑的)其副词形式undoubtedly(无疑地),故填undoubtedly。 (2021浙江1月卷) But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ________(sharp). 答案:sharply 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城乡居民的BMI(身体质量指数)差距已大幅缩小。空处需修饰谓语动词had narrowed(缩小了),作状语,需将形容词sharp(急剧的)转化为副词sharply(急剧地、大幅地),故填sharply。 (2022新课标I卷) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 答案:eventually 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群与大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。空处需修饰动词achieve(达到),作状语,应用形容词eventual(最终的)的副词形式eventually(最终),故填eventually。 (2022新课标II卷) When he looked down, he ________(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 答案:accidentally 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,空处需修饰动词slipped(滑倒),作状语;accidental为形容词(意外的、失误的),其副词形式accidentally(意外地、不小心地)故填accidentally。 (2022浙江1月卷) On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案:roughly 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:例如,在一个名为“无飞行气候科学”的网站上,自两年前这项活动启动以来,大约有200名学者--其中许多是气候科学家---承诺尽可能减少飞行。空处需修饰数字200,作状语,应用形容词rough(粗略的)的副词形式roughly(大约、粗略地),故填roughly。 2023新课标I卷 No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 答案:rarely 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼往往不够吃,但两蒸笼又显得贪心,所以我每次都盼着下次再买。空处需修饰形容词enough(足够的),作状语,需将形容词rare(稀有的、难得的)转化为副词rarely(难得地、很少),符合语境,故填rarely。 2023新课标II卷 So, what are they learning? ________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 答案:Basically 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:那么,他们正在学习什么呢?基本上,是如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构,空处需修饰后面整个句子,作状语,需将形容词basic(基本的)转化为副词basically(基本上);又因位于句首,首字母需大写,故填Basically。 2023浙江1月卷 The term “hutong”, ________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 答案:originally 解析:考查形容词转化为副词。句意:“胡同”一词,起初在蒙古语中意为“水井”,最早出现在元朝。空处需修饰动词meaning(意为),作状语,需形容词original(最初的)的副词形式originally(起初、原本),故填originally。 2025新课标I卷 Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词generated,需用副词digitally“数字地”,作状语。故填digitally。 考点分析 1形容词转化为副词(5年9考) 考查副词修饰动词(如2021浙江1月卷、2021新课标I卷,2022新课标II卷)副词修饰形容词 (如2023新课标I卷)副词修饰句子(如2023新课标II卷)或 副词修饰数词(如2022浙江1月卷) 2 考查点全面,考点涉及副词修饰的各种功能。 3.形容词转化为副词的构词规律(形容词+ly) 总 结 语法填空考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握。形容词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的级即比较级和最高级的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,根据语境和句意判断正确的变化形式。 1 词性转换仍是基础,但更强调语义匹配。根据语境和句意判断正确的变化形式。如 1)2022浙江卷 Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. exist的形容词existing和existent表示“存在的”“生存的”, 根据句意:盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。existing强调当前的状态,意为“现有的”,故填existing。 2)2022新课标II卷 On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ________(sleep) while watching TV. sleep的形容词sleepy 和asleep, 句意:事故发生那天,布朗夫人正在上班,埃里克和他父亲在家。他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句意和句子结构,“fall asleep”为固定搭配,意为“入睡、睡着”,确定为asleep。 2为了更好地检验学生的语言运用能力,语法填空题的句子结构也变得更加复杂。不仅要掌握基本的句子结构知识,而且能够理解并分析复杂的句子结构。如2021新课标II卷 I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 考查感叹句,根据感叹句句式结构“how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”,判断应用harm的形容词形式harmful。 3熟练掌握英语的形容词的基础知识点,如语法规则、常用短语,句式等。同时,也需要注意对这些知识的灵活运用。 备考建议 1建立“语法+语境”知识网络:将形容词转换规则(如 -ful, -able 后缀)与主题场景(如科技类用 advanced, efficient;文化类用 traditional, innovative)绑定记忆。 2深耕真题语篇逻辑:分析近5年真题中形容词的语境触发点(如时间、地点、人物情感),总结高频转换方向及错误类型(如副词误用为形容词)。 3强化长难句拆解训练:重点练习“形容词+从句/非谓语”结构,先找逻辑主语,再判断修饰关系(如 done 表被动,doing 表主动)。 在语境中灵活运用形容词考点,避免机械记忆! 适应性练习 1 (2025 深圳一模)During their semifinal match, Marin performed well but was forced to stop after getting injured. He Bingjiao immediately reached out, offering support and checking on Marin, who was    61   (visible) upset. 2(2025 深圳一模)The act rapidly made headlines around the world. The International Olympic Committee praised He Bingjiao  for  showing the Olympic values of respect and friendship. Spanish media also highlighted the    63   (emotion) moment, with many fans applauding her sportsmanship. 3 (2025广州一模) Among the award - winning entries, the work of Jia Haining's team on Oriental storks(东方自鹳) in the Yellow River Delta stood out 60 (noticeable). 4 (2025广州一模) Additionally, special awards for mobile photography and social media engagement were introduced to encourage 64 (broad) public participation. 5 (2025广东一模) The 62 (welcome) and supportive atmosphere at climbing gyms adds to the positive experience. While climbers usually focus on their own routes, they often receive encouragement 63 (enthusiastic) offered by those in the rest area when facing challenging moments. 6 (2025茂名一模). “Usually, Sanfutie (三伏灸) is applied in cycles of three years, requiring continuous application over this period to achieve 60  (good) results," said Xu Maolin, 31, who tried sanfutie for the first time last year and is now in her second year of treatment. 7 (2025茂名一模).Techniques such as massage(推拿)and acupuncture(钟灸)are becoming  64  (increase) popular among young people, a report published by China Media Group in May said. 8 The Guangdong province is blessed with a(n) ___61__ (incredible) diverse landscape, from productive plains to coastal waters, providing a wide range of ingredients. 答案 visibly/emotional/ noticeably/broader/welcoming/ enthusiastically/ better/ increasingly ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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近5年全国高考语法填空形容词考点分析+高考模拟考试题  讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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近5年全国高考语法填空形容词考点分析+高考模拟考试题  讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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近5年全国高考语法填空形容词考点分析+高考模拟考试题  讲义-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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