Unit 1 Past and present 现在完成时（1）（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 1 Past and present 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 1、 概念： 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 二、用法： 1）表示过去发生或者已经完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, just, yet, ever, before等状语连用。 例如：肯：I have already read the book. 否：I haven’t read the book yet. 疑：---Have you read the book yet? --- Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. Mother has just cleaned the house. Have you ever met each other before? 2）表示开始于过去，持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去的动作或者状态，此时谓语动词多为延续性动词，如 this week, these days, recently, so far, in the past/last few years等。也与“for+时间段”或者“since+时间点” “since+从句”的状语连用。 例如：He has learnt many English words these days. They have seen 4 films recently. Great changes have taken place in Handan in the past/last few years. She has helped me a lot since two years ago. We have lived here since 2000. She has taught in the school for ten years. ★“since+从句”: 从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。 I have lived in Handan since I came here. 三、构成： 现在完成时结构：have/ has + v.过去分词（have/ has在此结构中是助动词） 句型结构 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词 I have finished the task. 否定句 主语+haven't\hasn’t+过去分词 She hasn't finished her work yet. 疑问句 Have /Has +主语+过去分词...? Has Lucy finished the task? 简单回答 Yes, sb have/has. No, sb haven’t/hasn’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/ has 主语done? What has he done? 四、时间状语 1. already（已经）、yet（已经；尚未）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、many time 2. recently（最近)、so far= till now= up to now（到目前为止） 3. in/ over/ during the last/past...years 4. for+时间段 5. since+过去时间点/一般过去时句子 五、过去分词变化形式 ①一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed”:start →started ②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”：create→created ③过去分词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”：reply→replied ④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”stopped 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt 在原形后加t或d learn-learnt-learnt hear-heard-heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get-got-got sit-sat-sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 come-came-come run-ran-run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung 在原形上加en eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen 在原形上加n see-saw-seen give-gave-given 在过去式上加n steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken 原形，过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do-did-done go-went-gone 一、单项选择 1．—Have you ever ________ to Shanghai? —Yes. I ________ there last year. A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; have gone D．gone; have been 2．—________ you ________ the new film? —Not yet. I will see it this weekend. A．Have; seen B．Did; see C．Will; see D．Do; see 3．—________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes, I finished it an hour ago. A．Have; finished B．Did; finish C．Will; finish D．Do; finish 4．She is the only one who __________ the secret so far. A．knows B．knew C．has known D．will know 5．－________ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? －No, never. A．Do B．Can C．Have D．Has 6．—How tidy the bedroom is! —Yes. I’m sure that someone ________ it already. A．has cleaned B．cleaned C．will clean 7．—Do you know Mount Tai in Shandong? —Yes, I __________ it twice. It’s fantastic. A．will climb B．climb C．am climbing D．have climbed 8．—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 9．Our city ________ a lot in the past few years. A．will change B．has changed C．changed D．changes 10．Billy ________ to many places of interest in China over these years. A．will travel B．has traveled C．travels D．traveled 11．Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 12．If you ________ it, put up your hands and let me know. A．were finishing B．will finish C．have finished D．are finishing 13．—__________ you ever __________ the book, Journey to the West? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Do; read B．Are; reading C．Will; read D．Have; read 14．So far we ________ lots of English words. A．will learn B．have learned C．are learning D．has learned 15．In the past three years, we ________ about three thousand English words. A．learned B．was learning C．have learned D．had learned 16．—Have you watched Tom and Jerry? —Yes. I ______ it three times. A．watch B．watched C．has watched D．have watched 17．—Would you like to watch the movie with me? —I’d love to, but I ______________ it already. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D．was watching 18．—When will Steve arrive here? —Oh, he ________. He is sleeping in the bedroom. A．arrives B．has arrived C．is arriving 19．Students in Bengbu ________ all kinds of after-school activities in the past three years. A．enjoy B．were enjoying C．have enjoyed D．enjoyed 20．—How do you like Mount Huang, Lucy? —Oh, I ________ such a beautiful place before. A．don’t visit B．didn’t visit C．haven’t visited D．can’t visit 二、用单词的正确形式填空 1．Tom (not finish) his homework yet. 2．You can listen to the inventor’s speech again, for I (record) it. 3．Have you (donate) money to the people who lost their homes? 4．Our country (develop) a lot in the past few years. 5．I’m sorry I (forget) your new telephone number. 6．—Why don’t you go to that shop any more? —The prices (rise) a lot recently. 7．Have you (do) anything to keep the water clean? 8．Have you ever (write) a novel? 9．He hasn’t (meet) his pen pal yet. 10．I have a photo of myself to this envelope. (close) 三、完成句子 1．自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 Since then, great changes have in my hometown. 2．Easton已经帮助了很多像Jenny的孩子。 Easton has to many children like Jenny. 3．这给我们的习惯带来了巨大的改变。 This our habits. 4．随着AI的出现，全世界发生了大量重要的改变。 With the arrival of AI, a large number of important changes around the world. 5．这些外国学生刚刚已经到达我们的城市了。 The foreign students have just our city. 6．They finished their homework yesterday evening. (改为现在完成时) They their homework. 7．He has already booked the tickets for Disneyland online. (改为一般疑问句) he booked the tickets for Disneyland online ? 8．They have already cleaned the classroom. (改为否定句) They cleaned the classroom . 9．迄今为止，很少有朋友长期坚持跑步。 So far, few of my friends have running. 10．我还没读过这本书。 I the book yet. 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Xinghua is a modern city now. Great changes 1 (take) place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, environment and people. Local people used to 2 (live) in old houses. They could only travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there are cars everywhere. Most people are used to travelling 3 business in their cars. It’s really convenient. Moreover, the government has turned parts of the city into beautiful parks. People often go to parks to relax themselves after a hard 4 (day)work. Another big change is the environment. In the past, people threw rubbish everywhere. Waste was put into rivers. The rivers were filled with 5 (pollute). Now the government has managed 6 (improve) the environment. 7 people throw rubbish carelessly in public, they will be punished (惩罚). As a result, Xinghua is becoming more and more beautiful. People in the city are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a helping hand if someone is in need. Every year, 8 (thousand) of visitors come to the city. Daniel, a middle school student who is also kind and helpful often helps show the visitors around the city at weekends. He thinks his life is much 9 (interest) now. Many hands make light work. People in Xinghua believe that if they work together, they can surely make Xinghua 10 better place. 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 We are all proud of our country—China. People from home and abroad are all surprised 1 China’s progress. On October 1st, 2019, China held its largest military parade（阅兵仪式）in Tian’anmen Square. It 2 (be) really amazing. Looking back at the past, the great changes have taken place in China. Many people died because of 3 (hungry) and wars in the past. Most people lived 4 hard life. About five to seven people ever lived in a small house. Children couldn’t have 5 (they) own rooms and the younger seldom had new clothes. People had little money 6 (see) a doctor. And there were few hospitals. 7 , in 1978, China carried out the reform and opening-up policy（政策）. It was an 8 (importance) turning point for Chinese people. China has developed rapidly since then. Now, people’s life is much 9 (good). More people begin to have a happy life because the country 10 (try) its best to help poor areas. China also pays great attention to compulsory（义务的）education. I think it is important to remember the past. 题型二 阅读理解 More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may find something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit (受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way. Folding (折叠) bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle friendly to travellers. Health Benefits of Bicycle: It helps to prevent heart disease. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving. If you want to learn more about it, just click on the “Next” icon at the bottom of the page. 1．What is the main reason people are choosing to bicycle according to the passage? A．It is cheaper than driving. B．It is fun and good for health. C．Bicycles are easier to park. D．Bicycles can go faster than cars. 2．What are the health benefits of bicycling mentioned in the passage? A．It helps to prevent heart disease, control weight, and improve mood. B．It helps to prevent heart disease and improve eyesight. C．It helps to control weight and increase your knowledge. D．It helps to improve mood and increase height. 3．What can we learn about folding bikes from the passage? A．They are not suitable for traveling by train. B．They can be packed in a suitcase and taken on airplanes. C．They are more expensive than common bikes. D．All airlines allow passengers to bring folding bikes on board. 4．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people. B．Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes. C．Riding a bike pollutes your neighborhood. D．Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines. Mr. White is sixty years old. He always talks about how fast things have changed, and he often says that life in the past was better than it is these days. Now cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars, so parking is becoming a big problem. The traffic (交通) in some cities is getting worse and worse, too. Car drivers nowadays drive so fast that there are more traffic accidents. More and more people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. Mr. White often sees people in the restaurant eating face to face while looking at their own mobile phones. He thinks it is strange that they don’t talk to the people who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun chatting (闲聊) with others on the phone. Most families own computers now. A study found that children use the Internet more and more. The number of children using the Internet has grown by three times in the past three years. Mr. White’s grandson is a middle school student. He often stays up late playing computer games on the Internet. He falls asleep in the early hours of the morning and spends less time doing homework. His teacher told Mr. White that his grandson failed (失败) another test. Mr. White got very angry with him. Mr. White thinks that life was simple and happy, but now it has changed a lot. 1．What does Mr. White think of the life now? A．He thinks the life now is very simple. B．He thinks the life now is worse than it was. C．He thinks the life is the same as it was. D．He thinks the life now is more comfortable. 2．Why do people say nothing face to face during a meal in the restaurant? A．Because it is strange. B．Because they don’t know each other. C．Because they don’t sit opposite each other. D．Because they are busy in looking at their phones. 3．Which statement (陈述) is WRONG according to the passage? A．Mr. White got angry with the teacher. B．Mr. White’s grandson often plays computer games. C．Some people like chatting with others on the phone. D．The traffic in some cities is getting worse and worse. 4．What can we infer (推测) from the passage? A．Mr. White is a worker in a factory. B．Mr. White’s grandson is not interested in the Internet. C．Mr. White is worried about his grandson. D．Mr. White likes today’s life more than that of the old days. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 核心语法精练（现在完成时） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空 11 题型二 阅读理解 12 1、 概念： 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 二、用法： 1）表示过去发生或者已经完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, just, yet, ever, before等状语连用。 例如：肯：I have already read the book. 否：I haven’t read the book yet. 疑：---Have you read the book yet? --- Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. Mother has just cleaned the house. Have you ever met each other before? 2）表示开始于过去，持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去的动作或者状态，此时谓语动词多为延续性动词，如 this week, these days, recently, so far, in the past/last few years等。也与“for+时间段”或者“since+时间点” “since+从句”的状语连用。 例如：He has learnt many English words these days. They have seen 4 films recently. Great changes have taken place in Handan in the past/last few years. She has helped me a lot since two years ago. We have lived here since 2000. She has taught in the school for ten years. ★“since+从句”: 从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。 I have lived in Handan since I came here. 三、构成： 现在完成时结构：have/ has + v.过去分词（have/ has在此结构中是助动词） 句型结构 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词 I have finished the task. 否定句 主语+haven't\hasn’t+过去分词 She hasn't finished her work yet. 疑问句 Have /Has +主语+过去分词...? Has Lucy finished the task? 简单回答 Yes, sb have/has. No, sb haven’t/hasn’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/ has 主语done? What has he done? 四、时间状语 1. already（已经）、yet（已经；尚未）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、many time 2. recently（最近)、so far= till now= up to now（到目前为止） 3. in/ over/ during the last/past...years 4. for+时间段 5. since+过去时间点/一般过去时句子 五、过去分词变化形式 ①一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed”:start →started ②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”：create→created ③过去分词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”：reply→replied ④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”stopped 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt 在原形后加t或d learn-learnt-learnt hear-heard-heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get-got-got sit-sat-sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 come-came-come run-ran-run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung 在原形上加en eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen 在原形上加n see-saw-seen give-gave-given 在过去式上加n steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken 原形，过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do-did-done go-went-gone 一、单项选择 1．—Have you ever ________ to Shanghai? —Yes. I ________ there last year. A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; have gone D．gone; have been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过上海吗？——是的。我去年去的那里。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have been to去过某地 (已返回)；have gone to去了某地 (未返回)；went 去 (go 的过去式，用于一般过去时)。根据问句“Have you ever...”以及答句“Yes”可知，此处表示“去过上海且已返回”，第一空用been；根据“last year”可知，第二空需用一般过去时went。故选A。 2．—________ you ________ the new film? —Not yet. I will see it this weekend. A．Have; seen B．Did; see C．Will; see D．Do; see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看过这部新电影了吗？——还没有。我这周末会去看。 考查现在完成时的用法。答句“Not yet”表示“还没有”，通常与现在完成时连用，强调动作对现在的影响或持续状态，选项A为现在完成时结构，符合语境。故选A。 3．—________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes, I finished it an hour ago. A．Have; finished B．Did; finish C．Will; finish D．Do; finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？——是的，我一个小时前就完成了。 考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时的标志词，用于疑问句，表示动作对现在的影响。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，只有A项符合语境。故选A。 4．She is the only one who __________ the secret so far. A．knows B．knew C．has known D．will know 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她是到目前为止唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。 考查现在完成时的用法。knows知道，一般现在时；knew一般过去时；has known现在完成时；will know一般将来时。根据“so far”可知，此处需用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词。故选C。 5．－________ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? －No, never. A．Do B．Can C．Have D．Has 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《乱世佳人》吗？——没有，从没看过。 考查现在完成时态。根据谓语动词“seen”可知，此处需用助动词have或has和seen构成现在完成时，因为主语是you，为第二人称，所以用have。故选C。 6．—How tidy the bedroom is! —Yes. I’m sure that someone ________ it already. A．has cleaned B．cleaned C．will clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——卧室多整洁啊！——是的。我确信已经有人打扫过了。 考查现在完成时。has cleaned现在完成时；cleaned一般过去时；will clean一般将来时。根据“How tidy the bedroom is!”可知，卧室现在是整洁的，这表明打扫活动已经完成并对现在产生影响，所以用现在完成时态。故选A。 7．—Do you know Mount Tai in Shandong? —Yes, I __________ it twice. It’s fantastic. A．will climb B．climb C．am climbing D．have climbed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道山东的泰山吗？——是的，我爬过两次。太棒了。 考查动词时态。根据“twice”可知，动作已经完成，用现在完成时“have/has done”的结构，故选D。 8．—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好！现在很整洁。 考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。 9．Our city ________ a lot in the past few years. A．will change B．has changed C．changed D．changes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的城市在过去的几年里改变了很多。 考查现在完成时态。根据时间状语“in the past few years”并结合语境可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选B。 10．Billy ________ to many places of interest in China over these years. A．will travel B．has traveled C．travels D．traveled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些年来，Billy去过中国很多名胜古迹。 考查时态。根据时间状语“over these years”可知，句子描述的是过去发生并持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时态，其结构为 have/has+done，主语为Billy，助动词用has，travel的过去分词为traveled，故选B。 11．Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《红星照耀中国》是一本好书。我已经读了三遍了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的助动词是“have”，故选D。 12．If you ________ it, put up your hands and let me know. A．were finishing B．will finish C．have finished D．are finishing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你已经完成了，请举手告诉我。 考查现在完成时。“完成”和“举手示意”存在先后关系，所以从句应用现在完成时“have/has+done”，表示已完成的动作对现在的影响，“已经完成了”才能“举手告诉我”。故选C。 13．—__________ you ever __________ the book, Journey to the West? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Do; read B．Are; reading C．Will; read D．Have; read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你曾经读过《西游记》这本书吗？——是的，我读过。它很精彩。 考查句子时态。根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 14．So far we ________ lots of English words. A．will learn B．have learned C．are learning D．has learned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们已经学了很多英语单词。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“So far”可知，此句为现在完成时，主语“we”为复数，谓语结构为have done。故选B。 15．In the past three years, we ________ about three thousand English words. A．learned B．was learning C．have learned D．had learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，我们已经学了大约三千个英语单词。 考查动词时态。learned 一般过去时；was learning 过去进行时；have learned 现在完成时；had learned 过去完成时。根据“In the past three years”可知，这是一个现在完成时的时间状语，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是“we”，所以用“have learned”。故选C。 16．—Have you watched Tom and Jerry? —Yes. I ______ it three times. A．watch B．watched C．has watched D．have watched 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你看过《猫和老鼠》吗？——是的。我看了三遍。 考查动词的时态。根据“three times”可知时态是现在完成时。主语I后接have+过去分词。故选D。 17．—Would you like to watch the movie with me? —I’d love to, but I ______________ it already. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D．was watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起看电影吗？——我很乐意，但是我已经看过了。 考查动词时态。根据“already”可知，时态为现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选C。 18．—When will Steve arrive here? —Oh, he ________. He is sleeping in the bedroom. A．arrives B．has arrived C．is arriving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Steve什么时候会到这儿？——噢，他已经到了。他正在卧室里睡觉。 考查现在完成时。根据“He is sleeping in the bedroom.”可知，他正在卧室里睡觉，说明他已经到了，句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：has/have+过去分词。故选B。 19．Students in Bengbu ________ all kinds of after-school activities in the past three years. A．enjoy B．were enjoying C．have enjoyed D．enjoyed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，蚌埠的学生们享受着各种各样的课外活动。 考查时态。根据“in the past three years”可知句子是现在完成时，动词结构为have/has done。故选C。 20．—How do you like Mount Huang, Lucy? —Oh, I ________ such a beautiful place before. A．don’t visit B．didn’t visit C．haven’t visited D．can’t visit 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Lucy，你觉得黄山怎么样？——哦，我以前从未去过这么美丽的地方。 考查时态。根据“before”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 二、用单词的正确形式填空 1．Tom (not finish) his homework yet. 【答案】hasn’t finished 【详解】句意：汤姆还没有完成作业。根据句中“yet”可知，该句时态为现在完成时；又根据该句主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，结合所给词可知，此处应填入hasn’t finished，作谓语。故填hasn’t finished。 2．You can listen to the inventor’s speech again, for I (record) it. 【答案】have recorded 【详解】句意：你可以再听一遍发明者的讲话，因为我已经录下来了。根据“You can listen to the inventor’s speech again, for I...it.”可知，因为已经录下来了，所以可以再听一遍，用现在完成时(have/has done)。主语是“I”，助动词用have。record的过去分词为recorded。故填have recorded。 3．Have you (donate) money to the people who lost their homes? 【答案】donated 【详解】句意：你给失去家园的人捐款了吗？donate“捐赠”，根据“Have you...money to the people...”可知表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done，故此处用过去分分词。故填donated。 4．Our country (develop) a lot in the past few years. 【答案】has developed 【详解】句意：我们的国家在过去的几年中发展了很多。根据“in the past few years.”可知，本题使用现在完成时，主语“Our country”是单数，因此助动词用has，develop过去分词是developed。故填has developed。 5．I’m sorry I (forget) your new telephone number. 【答案】have forgotten/forgot 【详解】句意：对不起，我忘记了你的新电话号码。根据“your new telephone number”可知，此句时态可以是一般过去时，也可以是现在完成时，故填have forgotten/forgot。 6．—Why don’t you go to that shop any more? —The prices (rise) a lot recently. 【答案】have risen 【详解】句意：——你为什么不再去那家商店了？——最近物价上涨了很多。rise“上升”，动词，作谓语，根据“recently”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，主语“The prices”是复数，助动词用have，rise的过去分词是risen。故填have risen。 7．Have you (do) anything to keep the water clean? 【答案】done 【详解】句意：你做了什么来保持水的干净？该句使用现在完成时，结构是have/has +主语+动词的过去分词，do是实义动词，其过去分词为done。故填done。 8．Have you ever (write) a novel? 【答案】written 【详解】句意：你写过小说吗？根据have可知，此空应填过去分词，与其构成现在完成时结构，故填written。 9．He hasn’t (meet) his pen pal yet. 【答案】met 【详解】句意：他还没有遇见他的笔友。由hasn’t和yet可知，该句子时态为现在完成时，结构为has+过去分词，meet的过去分词为met。故填met。 10．I have a photo of myself to this envelope. (close) 【答案】enclosed 【详解】句意：我已经把我自己的照片装入这个信封中了。“close”译为“关闭”，根据语境要变成“使装入信封”，应该是“enclose”，前面有“have”，后面变成分词结构为“enclosed”，构成完成时态。故填enclosed。 三、完成句子 1．自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 Since then, great changes have in my hometown. 【答案】taken place 【详解】对比题干可知，take place“发生”，动词短语。根据“have”可知，时态是现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填taken place。 2．Easton已经帮助了很多像Jenny的孩子。 Easton has to many children like Jenny. 【答案】 given help 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“已经帮助”。give sth. to sb.“给某人某物”，固定搭配。句子的时态为现在完成时，help“帮助”。故填given；help。 3．这给我们的习惯带来了巨大的改变。 This our habits. 【答案】 has brought big changes to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“给……带来了巨大的改变”，“带来了”用现在完成时，表示对现在的影响，主语This是单数，故用has brought；“巨大的改变”是big changes，因为change是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指；“给……”对应的介词是to，构成“bring changes to...”的结构。故填has；brought；big；changes；to。 4．随着AI的出现，全世界发生了大量重要的改变。 With the arrival of AI, a large number of important changes around the world. 【答案】 have happened 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格中缺少“发生”，对应单词为happen，根据中文意思可知，本句应使用结构为“have/has+过去分词”的现在完成时，又因主语为复数形式“a large number of important changes”，助动词应为have。故填have；happened。 5．这些外国学生刚刚已经到达我们的城市了。 The foreign students have just our city. 【答案】 arrived in 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“到达”的表达。arrive in“到达”，动词短语，根据“have just”可知，此处用现在完成时态，其结构为“have + done”，arrive的过去分词是“arrived”。故填arrived；in。 6．They finished their homework yesterday evening. (改为现在完成时) They their homework. 【答案】 have finished 【详解】句意：他们昨晚完成了作业。现在完成时的结构为“have/has done”，主语是They，助动词应用have，finish的过去分词为finished。故填have；finished。 7．He has already booked the tickets for Disneyland online. (改为一般疑问句) he booked the tickets for Disneyland online ? 【答案】 Has yet 【详解】句意：他已经在网上订了去迪士尼乐园的票。现在完成时中，has提到句首首字母需大写，构成一般疑问句，already要变yet且放句末。故填Has；yet。 8．They have already cleaned the classroom. (改为否定句) They cleaned the classroom . 【答案】 have not yet 【详解】句意：他们已经打扫了教室。句子是现在完成时，改为否定句时在have后加not，把already改为yet，放句尾。故填have；not；yet。 9．迄今为止，很少有朋友长期坚持跑步。 So far, few of my friends have running. 【答案】 stuck to 【详解】句意：迄今为止，很少有朋友长期坚持跑步。“坚持”对应的短语是“stick to”，根据“So far”可知，句子用现在完成时，其结构为“have+过去分词”，“stick”的过去分词是“stuck”。故填stuck；to。 10．我还没读过这本书。 I the book yet. 【答案】 haven’t read 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“还没”和“读过”，haven’t“还没”，现在完成时的否定形式；read“读”，此处用过去分词read。故填haven’t；read。 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Xinghua is a modern city now. Great changes 1 (take) place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, environment and people. Local people used to 2 (live) in old houses. They could only travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there are cars everywhere. Most people are used to travelling 3 business in their cars. It’s really convenient. Moreover, the government has turned parts of the city into beautiful parks. People often go to parks to relax themselves after a hard 4 (day)work. Another big change is the environment. In the past, people threw rubbish everywhere. Waste was put into rivers. The rivers were filled with 5 (pollute). Now the government has managed 6 (improve) the environment. 7 people throw rubbish carelessly in public, they will be punished (惩罚). As a result, Xinghua is becoming more and more beautiful. People in the city are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a helping hand if someone is in need. Every year, 8 (thousand) of visitors come to the city. Daniel, a middle school student who is also kind and helpful often helps show the visitors around the city at weekends. He thinks his life is much 9 (interest) now. Many hands make light work. People in Xinghua believe that if they work together, they can surely make Xinghua 10 better place. 【答案】 1．have taken 2．live 3．on 4．day’s 5．pollution 6．to improve 7．If/When 8．thousands 9．more interesting 10．a 【导语】本文讲述了兴化近年来在生活条件、交通、环境、市民素质等方面发生的巨大变化。 1．句意：在过去的几年里发生了巨大的变化，包括生活条件、交通、环境和人。“over the past few years”（在过去几年里）是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，“take place”（发生）没有被动语态，主语“Great changes”是复数，所以用“have taken”。故填have taken。 2．句意：当地人过去住在旧房子里。“used to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，所以这里用动词原形“live”。故填live。 3．句意：大多数人习惯开车去出差。“on business”是固定短语，意思是“出差”。故填on 。 4．句意：人们在一天辛苦的工作后经常去公园放松自己。这里表示“一天的工作”，用名词所有格形式“day’s”。故填day’s。 5．句意：河里充满了污染物。“be filled with”后接名词，“pollute”的名词形式是“pollution”（污染；污染物）。故填pollution。 6．句意：现在政府已经设法改善环境。“manage to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“设法做成某事”，所以用“to improve”。故填to improve。 7．句意：如果/当人们在公共场所随意扔垃圾，他们将受到惩罚。根据“主将从现”原则，这里可以用“if”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；也可以用“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。故填If/When。 8．句意：每年，成千上万的游客来到这个城市。“thousands of”是固定短语，意为“成千上万的”。故填thousands。 9．句意：他认为他现在的生活有趣得多。“much”修饰形容词比较级，“interesting”的比较级是“more interesting”。故填more interesting。 10．句意：兴化人相信如果他们共同努力，他们一定能使兴化成为一个更好的地方。 这里泛指“一个更好的地方”，“better”发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 We are all proud of our country—China. People from home and abroad are all surprised 1 China’s progress. On October 1st, 2019, China held its largest military parade（阅兵仪式）in Tian’anmen Square. It 2 (be) really amazing. Looking back at the past, the great changes have taken place in China. Many people died because of 3 (hungry) and wars in the past. Most people lived 4 hard life. About five to seven people ever lived in a small house. Children couldn’t have 5 (they) own rooms and the younger seldom had new clothes. People had little money 6 (see) a doctor. And there were few hospitals. 7 , in 1978, China carried out the reform and opening-up policy（政策）. It was an 8 (importance) turning point for Chinese people. China has developed rapidly since then. Now, people’s life is much 9 (good). More people begin to have a happy life because the country 10 (try) its best to help poor areas. China also pays great attention to compulsory（义务的）education. I think it is important to remember the past. 【答案】 1．at 2．was 3．hunger 4．a 5．their 6．to see 7．However 8．important 9．better 10．is trying 【导语】本文主要介绍了改革开放政策给中国带来的变化。 1．句意：国内外的人们都对中国的进步感到惊讶。固定短语be surprised at...“对……感到惊讶”。故填at。 2．句意：这真是太神奇了。此处主语It为第三人称单数，且为一般过去时，be动词需使用过去式。故填was。 3．句意：过去许多人死于饥饿和战争。because of后加名词，名词hunger“饥饿”。故填hunger。 4．句意：大多数人过着艰苦的生活。固定短语live a+adj. life“过着……的生活”。故填a。 5．句意：孩子们不能有自己的房间，年幼的孩子也很少有新衣服。根据“own room”可知此处用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”作定语。故填their。 6．句意：人们几乎没有钱看病。此处动词不定式作句子的目的状语，表达“人们没有钱去看医生。”故填to see。 7．句意：然而，1978年，中国实行了改革开放政策。根据“Most people lived a hard life.”和“China has developed rapidly since then.”可知前后段为转折关系，应填副词however“然而”，位于句首需首字母大写。故填However。 8．句意：这是中国人民的一个重要转折点。根据“...an...turning point”可知此处需填形容词作定语，形容词important“重要的”。故填important。 9．句意：现在，人们的生活好多了。根据“...people’s life is much...”可知此处需填形容词比较级，good的比较级为better“更好”。故填better。 10．句意：越来越多的人开始过上幸福的生活，因为国家正在尽力帮助贫困地区。根据“More people begin to have a happy life because the country...its best to help poor areas. China also pays great attention to compulsory（义务的）education.”可知此处表达“中国正在尽力帮助贫困地区。”应用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing，此处主语为the country，因而使用is。故填is trying。 题型二 阅读理解 More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may find something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit (受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way. Folding (折叠) bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle friendly to travellers. Health Benefits of Bicycle: It helps to prevent heart disease. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving. If you want to learn more about it, just click on the “Next” icon at the bottom of the page. 1．What is the main reason people are choosing to bicycle according to the passage? A．It is cheaper than driving. B．It is fun and good for health. C．Bicycles are easier to park. D．Bicycles can go faster than cars. 2．What are the health benefits of bicycling mentioned in the passage? A．It helps to prevent heart disease, control weight, and improve mood. B．It helps to prevent heart disease and improve eyesight. C．It helps to control weight and increase your knowledge. D．It helps to improve mood and increase height. 3．What can we learn about folding bikes from the passage? A．They are not suitable for traveling by train. B．They can be packed in a suitcase and taken on airplanes. C．They are more expensive than common bikes. D．All airlines allow passengers to bring folding bikes on board. 4．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people. B．Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes. C．Riding a bike pollutes your neighborhood. D．Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍骑自行车的三大优势：环保、健康、便捷，并详细说明其对健康的益处（如控制体重、改善情绪等）和折叠自行车的便利性。 1．细节理解题。文章第一段提到骑自行车“有趣、健康且对环境有益”（It is fun, healthy and good for the environment），并列举了全球自行车数量远超汽车的现象。第二段进一步提到骑自行车通勤可以“从愉快的运动中受益”（benefit from the enjoyable exercise）。因此，主要原因是“有趣且对健康有益”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。文章“Health Benefits of Bicycle”部分明确提到三点：预防心脏病（prevent heart disease）；控制体重（control weight）；改善情绪（improve mood）。故选A。 3．细节理解题。文章第三段提到折叠自行车“可以放入行李箱带上飞机”（Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase.）。故选B。 4．细节理解题。文章第二段提到“You can bike to work and benefit (受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment.（骑自行车是愉快的运动）”，故选A。 Mr. White is sixty years old. He always talks about how fast things have changed, and he often says that life in the past was better than it is these days. Now cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars, so parking is becoming a big problem. The traffic (交通) in some cities is getting worse and worse, too. Car drivers nowadays drive so fast that there are more traffic accidents. More and more people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. Mr. White often sees people in the restaurant eating face to face while looking at their own mobile phones. He thinks it is strange that they don’t talk to the people who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun chatting (闲聊) with others on the phone. Most families own computers now. A study found that children use the Internet more and more. The number of children using the Internet has grown by three times in the past three years. Mr. White’s grandson is a middle school student. He often stays up late playing computer games on the Internet. He falls asleep in the early hours of the morning and spends less time doing homework. His teacher told Mr. White that his grandson failed (失败) another test. Mr. White got very angry with him. Mr. White thinks that life was simple and happy, but now it has changed a lot. 1．What does Mr. White think of the life now? A．He thinks the life now is very simple. B．He thinks the life now is worse than it was. C．He thinks the life is the same as it was. D．He thinks the life now is more comfortable. 2．Why do people say nothing face to face during a meal in the restaurant? A．Because it is strange. B．Because they don’t know each other. C．Because they don’t sit opposite each other. D．Because they are busy in looking at their phones. 3．Which statement (陈述) is WRONG according to the passage? A．Mr. White got angry with the teacher. B．Mr. White’s grandson often plays computer games. C．Some people like chatting with others on the phone. D．The traffic in some cities is getting worse and worse. 4．What can we infer (推测) from the passage? A．Mr. White is a worker in a factory. B．Mr. White’s grandson is not interested in the Internet. C．Mr. White is worried about his grandson. D．Mr. White likes today’s life more than that of the old days. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了怀特先生抱怨事物变化得快，他常说过去生活得更好。 1．细节理解题。根据“He always talks about how fast things have changed, and he often says that life in the past was better than it is these days.”可知，怀特先生认为现在的生活不如以前的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Mr. White often sees people in the restaurant eating face to face while looking at their own mobile phones. He thinks it is strange that they don’t talk to the people who sit opposite to them during the meal.”可知，人们吃饭时面对面什么也不说是因为他们忙着看手机。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“His teacher told Mr. White that his grandson failed (失败) another test. Mr. White got very angry with him.”可知，怀特先生是对他的孙子生气，不是对老师生气。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Mr. White’s grandson is a middle school student. He often stays up late playing computer games on the Internet. He falls asleep in the early hours of the morning and spends less time doing homework. His teacher told Mr. White that his grandson failed (失败) another test. Mr. White got very angry with him.”可推知，怀特先生很担心他的孙子。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $