课时作业23 Scientists Who Changed the World（一）-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（译林版）

班级： 姓名： 课时作业23 Scientists who changed the world(-) (总分：32.5分) I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共17.5分） contains more than 400.000 acres of rainforest.The A decision protects a critically threatened area of the Amazon from further mining and deforestation. (2025·江西赣州高三期末) 1.Who filed a suit against a company? These four people from around the world prove A.Diane Wilson. that,together,we can reshape the future of our planet. B.Tero Mustonen. Diane Wilson C.Delima Silalahi. In December 2019,Diane Wilson won a landmark D.Alessandra Korap Munduruku. case against Formosa Plastics,one of the world's largest 2.Which of the following was Tero Mustonen devoted plastic companies,for getting rid of poisonous plastic to? waste illegally on Texas'Gulf Coast.The 50 million A.Promoting the industrial peat mining. settlement is the largest award in a citizen suit against an B.Repairing the damage done to peatlands. industrial polluter in the history of the US Clean Water C.Restoring biodiverse wetlands and habitats. Act.As a part of the settlement,Formosa Plastics D.Controlling the development of carbon stores. agreed to stop throwing away plastic waste and fund 3.What can we infer about the people mentioned in the remediation(补救)of affected local wetlands, text? beaches,and waterways. A.They are highly creative. Delima Silalahi B.They are very considerate. Delima Silalahi led a campaign to secure legal C.They are human rights activists. control of 17,824 acres of tropical(热带的)forest land D.They are environmental defenders. for six indigenous communities in North Sumatra, B Indonesia.Her community's activism reclaimed this territory from a pulp (and paper company.The (2025·八省联考) six communities have begun restoring the forests, Jim Johnson,a mail carrier,was an institution in creating valuable carbon sinks of biodiverse Indonesian the leafy Westmoreland,Westhaven and Westover Hills tropical forest. neighborhoods,just north of downtown Wilmington, Tero Mustonen where he delivered much more than the mail.He knew Since April 2018,Tero Mustonen has led the all the kids and their pets by name;he carried in the restoration of 62 severely destroyed former industrial groceries;he took note of unlocked doors,offered peat (mining and forestry sites throughout gardening advice,and taught more than a few young Finland-totaling 86,000 acres-and transformed them boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn't doing all into productive,biodiverse wetlands and habitats.Rich that,Jim was running across a checkerboard of green in organic matter,peatlands are highly effective carbon lawns()to ensure the local postal service did not sinks.Roughly one-third of Finland's surface area is fall short of its daily promise. made up of peatlands. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, Alessandra Korap Munduruku the trust in local postal service lives on.In many Alessandra Korap Munduruku organised community communities,that trust is won every day when life- efforts to stop mining development by British mining saving medicine,greeting cards,social security checks, company Anglo American in Brazil's Amazon college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in rainforest. In May 2021,the company formally mailboxes in front of the houses. committed itself to withdrawing 27 approved research After more than three decades,Jim approached his applications to mine inside indigenous territories,final days on the job much like any other.He drove a including the Sawre Muybu Indigenous Territory,which boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first (横线下方不可作答) 421 必修第三册 unofficial stop of the day.Butch,a dog who belonged to Columbus made no 7,but after a while he one of the neighbors,was waiting just like every day took an egg from a dish and said to the company,"Who before.And just like every day before,he got into the among you,gentlemen,can make this egg 8 jump seat and they were off.On the route,Jim and on end?" Butch had become inseparable.Now,the dog and the “That's impossible,”the host replied.“You would mailman would ride off to retirement together.At every need to be a 9 to do that."One by one,those at stop,Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families the table 10 the experiment.11,none of them that had become his own.There were tears and laughter,succeeded. and hugs filled with warm memories. After a short silence,Columbus took the egg and It's been 33 years since Jim left the route,but we struck its small end 12 upon the table so as to are still reminded of the deep bond established between 13 the shell (a little.After that,there was no community and letter carrier.That's what the postal 14 in making it stand upright."Gentlemen,"he service means to us. said,"what is easier than to do this which you said was 4.What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first impossible?It is the simplest thing in the world. paragraph? Anybody can do it-AFTER HE HAS BEEN 15 A.He's open-minded. HOW!” B.He's sharp-eyed. 1.( )A.decision B.schedule C.He's warm-hearted. C.discovery D.statement D.He's strong-willed. 2.( )A.unhurt B.uncomfortable 5.What does the underlined word "disparaged"in C.unfortunate D.unafraid paragraph 2 mean? )3.( )A.substances B.oceans A.Refused. B.Criticized. C.lands D.treasures C.Investigated. D.Suspended. 4.( )A.sail B.run 6.What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final C.walk D.hike days of work? )5.( )A.greatest B.worst A.He drove Butch to its owner. C.hardest D.simplest B.He sent presents to his friends. 6.( )A.small B.useless C.He prepared a retirement party. C.remarkable D.ordinary D.He said goodbye to the neighbors. 7.( )A.apology B.answer 7.What is the author's purpose in writing the text? C.mistake D.secret ( 8.( )A.roll B.sit A.To remember a respected mail carrier. C.fall D.stand B.To record an unforgettable experience 9.( ）A.magician B.sailor C.To raise funds for the postal service. C.planner D.doctor D.To call for harmony in the community 10.( )A.evaluated B.finished Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） C.tried D.designed One day Christopher Columbus was at a party that11. )A.Above all B.At last a Spanish gentleman gave in his honor.People were C.For instance D.In addition saying,"What a great 1 you have made!" 12.（ )A.gently B.helplessly However,several people present were envious of him. C.heavily D.critically They began to try to make Columbus 2. 13.（ )A.find B.change "You have discovered new 3 beyond the C.hide D.break seas,"they said,"but what of that?Anybody can 14.( )A.trouble B.instruction 4 across the ocean and anybody can coast along the C.reaction D.point islands on the other side.It is the 5 thing in the 15.( )A.HIT B.SHOWN world.All you need to do is sail west.That's not a(n) C.EXPLODED D.SET 6 feat(功绩).” 红对勾·讲与练 422 高三英语YLimprove the technology.”可知，人们期待他 的发明。 8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可 知，Tian认为人类写作有着无与伦比的 魅力。 Ⅱ.语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 绍了位于中国南京的四方当代美术馆。该美 术馆展示了现代艺术，建筑与自然融合，注重 个体体验的突出特色。文章同时也强调了它 的开发商陆军投资兴建宏伟艺术空间来推动 中国文化繁荣。 1.developer考查名词。分析句子成分可知 空处应用名词，表示“开发商”。故填devel- oper. 2.functional考查形容词。分析句子成分可 知，空处修饰spaces作定语，应用形容词 故填functional, 3.is formed考查动词的时态和语态。根据上 下文可知，此处描述的是一般情况，敌用一 般现在时；分析句子结构可知，此处应用谓 语动词，且主语The museum和form为被动 关系。故填is formed。 4.winding考查形容词。分析句子结构可知， 空处作passage的定语，表示“蜿蜓的”，应用 形容词winding。故填winding。 5.suspended考查非谓语动词。分析句子成 分可知，句子已有谓语动词unwraps和ends, 所以此处应填非谓语动词，suspend与其逻辑 主语The upper gallery之间是被动关系，应 用过去分词。故填suspended 6.from考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示 院子是由从南京城里的旧院子回收的老胡 同的砖块铺就而成。from表示“来自”。故 填from。 7.gives考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析 句子结构可知，空处与空前的matches为并 列的谓语动词，所填词形式应一致。故填 gives. 8.to be experienced考查非谓语动词。根据 句意可知，此处表示该地等待着被体验，应 用不定式的被动语态作宾语。敌填to be ex- perienced. 9.but考查连词。根据前面的“visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works'”可知，空处是与not only 相搭配的连词but。故填but。 10.a考查冠词。分析句子成分及句意可知， 空处需要用不定冠词来修饰后面的名词 boom,表示我国的富人们在投资推动文化 繁荣。故填a。 课时作业23 Scientists who changed the world(一) I.阅读理解 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主 要介绍了来自世界各地的四位杰出人物以及 他们为地球所做出的贡献。 1.A细节理解题。根据文章Diane Wilson部 分中“In December2019,Diane Wilson won a landmark case against Formosa Plastics,one of the world's largest plastic companies,for getting rid of poisonous plastic waste illegally on Texas'Gulf Coast..”可知，Diane Wilson起 诉了一家公司。故选A。 2.B细节理解题。根据文章Tero Mustonen 部分中“Since April2018,Tero Mustonen has led the restoration of 62 severely destroyed for- mer industrial peat(泥炭)mining and forestry 2网勾·讲与练·高三英语L sites throughout Finland-一totaling86,0O0跑步；C.walk行走；D.hike徒步旅行a acres-and transformed them into productive, /5.D根据下文“All you need to do is sail west biodiverse wetlands and habitats.”可知，Tero That's not a(n)6_feat(功绩).”可知 Mustonen致力于修复被严重破坏的前工业 他们觉得只需要向西航行就行，所以是最简 泥炭采矿和林业场所。故选B。 单的事。故选D项。A,greatest最好的； 3.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段“These B.worst最糟的；C.hardest最难的；D.simp four people from around the world prove that, lest最简单的。 together,we can reshape the future of our6.C"All you need to do is sail west. planet..”以及下文介绍的他们为保护地球环 That's not a(n)6feat(功绩).”可知 境所做出的贡献可知，他们是环境保护卫 这些人觉得只需要向西航行就可以发现新 士。故选D。 大陆，所以并不是什么“了不起”的成就。故 B 选C项。A.small小的；B.useless无用的： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲 C.remarkable非凡的；D.ordinary普通的 述了邮递员Jim Johnson在多年的工作中与社7.B根据上文别人说的话可知，此处指哥伦 区居民建立的深厚感情 布设有回答。故进B项。A.apology道歉； 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“He B.answer回答；C.mistake错误；D.secret knew all the kids and their pets by name;he 秘密。 carried in the groceries;he took note of un- 8.D 根据下文“After that,there was no locked doors,offered gardening advice,and l4_in making it stand upright..”可知，此 taught more than a few young boys the art of 处是在问谁能把鸡蛋立起来。故选D项。 curveball.”可知，Jim不仅送信，还帮助居民 A.roll翻滚；B.sit坐下；C.fal跌倒；D.stand 做很多事情，记住每个孩子和宠物的名字， 站立，直立。 帮忙送杂货，关注居民安全，教孩子们打球，9.A根据上文“That's impossible”可知，大家 这些行为都体现了他热心善良的性格特征， 都觉得不可能做到，所以此处指只有魔法师 故选C。 才可以做到。故选A项。A.magician魔法 5.B词义猜测题。文章第二段提到“Though 师；B.sailor水手；C.planner规划者；D.doc the postal service is often disparaged now,the tor医生 trust in local postal service lives on.”,根据l0.C根据“One by one,those at the table Though可知，上下文形成转折关系，表示虽 10 the experiment. 11,none of 然邮政服务现在经常受到负面评价，但人们 them succeeded.”可知，此处指一个又一个 对当地邮局服务的信任依然存在。因此 人尝试了这个试验。故进C项。A.evalua “disparaged”的意思与criticized最接近，敌 ted评估；B.finished结束；C.tried尝试； 进B D.designed设计。 6.D推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“At11.B根据下文“none of them succeeded”可 every stop,Jim accepted the parting good wi- 知，试到最后，一个人也设成功。故选B shes of families that had become his own. 项。A.Above all最重要的是：B.At last最 There were tears and laughter,and hugs filled 后；C.For instance例如；D.In addition with warm memories.”可知，在最后的工作 此外。 日，Jim在每个停靠点都接受了居民们的道 12.A根据下文“so as to13 the shell 别祝福，敌选D。 (壳)a little”可知，哥伦布要把鸡蛋小的那 7.A写作目的题。通读全文，特别是根据最 一端打碎一点点，所以是轻轻地敲在桌子 后-段的“It's been33 years since Jim left the 上。故选A项。A.gently温柔地，轻轻地 route,but we are still reminded of the deep B.helplessly无助地；C.heavily在很大程度 bond established between community and letter 上，大量地；D.critically严重地，挑别地。 carrier..”可知，作者的写作目的是要纪念这13.D根据“Columbus took the egg and struck 位受人尊敬的邮递员Jim,展现他与社区之 its small end_l2 upon the table”可知，哥 间建立的深厚情谊，故选A。 伦布把鸡蛋小的一端轻轻地在桌子上敲 .完形填空 下，是为了把蛋壳打碎一点点。故选D项 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲 A.find找到；B.change改变；C.hide隐藏； 述了哥伦布在庆功会上，用立鸡蛋这样一个小 D.break打破，打碎。 试验，让所有人对他的成就无话可说的故事。 l4.A根据“Columbus took the egg and struck 1.C根据下文“You have discovered new its small end_I2 upon the table”及“there 3 beyond the seas”可知，此处指哥伦布 was no_l4_in making it stand upright'”可 发现了新大陆，所以空处所在句是指“你的 知，把鸡蛋小的一端的蛋壳敲碎一点点，立 发现多么伟大”。故选C项。A.decision决 起来就不费劲了。故选A项。A.trouble困 定；B.schedule计划，进度表；C.discovery发 难，麻烦：B.instruction指示：C.reaction反 现；D.statement声明，报告a 应：D.point观点。 2.B根据下文“but what of that?Anybody can1 15.B根据“Anybody can do it-一AFTER HE 4 across the ocean and anybody can coas HAS BEEN15HOW!”可知，此处指每个 along the islands on the other side.”可知，这 人都能做到，只要有人教过他。敌选B项」 些人是在说一些哥伦布的酸话，这些话会令 A.HIT击打：B.SHOWN演示：C.EXPLODED 人不舒服。故选B项。A.unhurt没有受伤 爆炸：D.SET设立。 的；B.uncomfortable感到不舒服的； C.unfortunate不幸的：D.unafraid不怕的，无 课时作业24 Scientists who 畏的。 changed the world(二) 3.C根据常识可知，哥伦布发现了新大陆。I.阅读理解 故选C项。A.substances物质；B.oceans海 洋；C.lands陆地；D.treasures珍宝a 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。确认偏 4.A根据下文“across the ocean”可知，此处指见是指人们倾向于寻找支持自身信念的信息， 横渡大洋。故选A项。A.sail航行；B.un进而影响判断与决策。为了克服确认偏见，应 -542-