课时作业20 Natural Disasters（二）-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（译林版）

课时作业20 Nat (总分 I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A （2024·广东广州六校联考) Advances in artificial intelligence (AI )are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable,thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin,created an AI model that,during a test run in China,correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one-week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity. The researchers attribute their technique's effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning framework.The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team's knowledge of earthquake physics,and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained,the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet's low-frequency rumbles(隆隆声). The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic（地震的) events.According to Alexandros Savvaidis,a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network, "Seismic occurrences strike without warning,often in the blink of an eye.Your readiness is all you can influence.Achieving a 70%prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes,reducing both the financial burden and loss of life,and the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide." Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain,the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities. Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas's TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years' (横线下方不可作答)4 班级： 姓名： ural disasters(二) 35分) worth of continuous records,making it an ideal location for these purposes. Ultimately,the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models.This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data."That may be a long way off,but many advances such as this one,taken together,are what moves science forward,concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau's director. 1.How does the AI predict seismic events？（) A.It identifies data from the satellites. B.It analyzes background sounds in the Earth. C.It models data based on earthquake recordings. D.It monitors changes in the Earth's magnetic field. 2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph3？ (） A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C.The significance of developing the AI prediction. D.The restrictions of Al-based methods in earthquake prediction. 3.What does the subsequent research focus on? A.Conducting tests in different locations. B.Applying the AI approach to other fields. C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas. D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy. 4.Which words can best describe the earthquake- predicting technology? A.Stable but outdated. B.Effective but costly. C.Potential and economical. D.Pioneering and promising. B (2024·山东日照模拟) While it's impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start,new Department of Defense- sponsored research from Brigham Young University's Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details 15 必修第三册 of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels. For their experiments,fire expert Thomas H. Fletcher and co-authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible（坩埚)of a thermo gravimetric analyzer(热重分析仪)and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius.As they watched the leaves burn,they categorized the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat. They also compared the impact of two heat sources: convective (think of wind-driven fires)and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames). The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn.That's important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species. "Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time,the fire has moved and it's not in the same place anymore,"Fletcher said."We're aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks. The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed(有计划的)burns and for unplanned wildfires.With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually,any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority. "With all we've done to research them,fires are still out of control,"Fletcher said."Our model can't prevent a fire,but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts,it doesn't blow up into a huge,uncontrollable fire." 5.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The research subjects. B.The research findings. C.The research procedures D.The research objectives. 6.What does the research find about the chemistry of plants? A.It affects the speed of a fire. B.It is one of the causes of a fire. 红对勾·讲与练4 C.It breaks down quickly in a fire. D.It helps plants survive in a fire. 7.What does the underlined word“propagate” paragraph 4 mean? A.Explode. B.Spread C.Die down D.Break out 8.Why do the researchers develop the new model? ( A.To make the most out of wildfires. B.To control wildfires more efficiently. C.To predict the outbreak of wildfires. D.To prevent wildfires from happening. Ⅱ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） 得分 (2024·安徽合肥模拟) There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1 others'doubts.The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 2 determine)and hard work. The story became a reality in Lin county,Henan province in the 1960s.A 1,500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs（悬崖)of the Taihang Mountains 3 (build)by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi province to the drought-hit area. Initially,finding drinking water was 4 headache for residents:People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day.5 (ease) this area's water shortages,the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6 construction was a remarkable engineering achievement. People tied ropes around their waists and (hang)off cliffs,drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools.From February 1960 to July 1969,they leveled 1,250 mountain tops and dug211 tunnels（隧道)，8 remove 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks. Their efforts gained multiple 9 benefit ) It was the canal that 10 (dramatic）changed the life of the local people,irrigating (about 36,000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties to some 567,000 people.Their deeds have been hailed(称颂)as the“spirit of the Red Flag Canal'”. 6 高三英语YL过敏史。根据下文“so I asked to borrow the 6”可知，男孩递给了“我”一张卡片。故 选C。write写；draw画；hand递；lend借出。 5.D句意：我不可能记住它们，也不知道调料 混合物是什么，所以我要求借用这张卡片，这 样我就可以去检查了。根据上文“They were alot.”可知，男孩的过敏原很多，所以作者不 可能记住它们，于是要求借用这张卡片。故 选D。interesting有趣的；enjoyable令人愉快 的；useless无用的；impossible不可能的。 6.A句意同上。根据上文“a laminated(覆膜 的)card”可知，男孩递给作者一张卡片，所 以此处表示作者要求借用这张卡片，card是 原词复现。故选A。card卡片；boy男孩； money钱；menu莱单。 7.B句意：他同意了，我就走了。根据下文 “and off I went'”可知，他同意了作者的请求。 故选B。hesitate犹豫；agree同意，答应；cry 哭：laugh笑 8.D句意：事实证明，我们的许多调味料和酱 汁都含有男孩的过敏原。It turned out that 是固定句型，意为“结果证明；事实证明”。 故选D。come to来到；look like看起来像； end up结果，最终；turn out结果是，事实 证明。 9.C句意：经过努力，我为他找到了一个安全 的选择，并因他对肉类过敏而采取了额外的 预防措施。根据下文“took extra precau tios”可知，作者采取了额外的预防措施，为 小男孩找到了一个安全的选择。故选C。 clever聪明的；cheap便宜的；safe安全的； new新的。 10.A句意：这位父亲很感激，并解释说他们 一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。根据本 句的过去完成时态以及空后的“to find suit- able dining options'”可知，他们一直在努力 寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle to do sth.意 为“努力做某事”。故选A。struggle努力； pretend假装；decide决定；forget忘记。 11.C句意：这标志着一种特殊联系的开始， 因为他们成了常客，每周至少来一次。根 据下文“as they became12 customers visiting at least once a week”可知，父子俩成 了餐厅的常客，所以那一次就餐标志着 种特殊联系的开始。故选C。design设计； break打破；mark标志；keep保持。 12.B句意同上a根据下文“visiting at least once a week”可知，父子俩成了餐厅的常 客。故选B。private私人的；regular有规律 的，经常的；normal正常的；curious好奇的。 13.D句意：我得到的积极回应是一个令人振 奋的提醒，通过真正的关心和理解，我们可 以有所作为。根据上文“This11the beginning of a special connection,as they became 12 customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知，这是作者得到的积极 回应。故选D。lesson课，教训；present礼 物；envy羡慕；response反应。 14.A句意同上。make a difference意为“有 影响；起（重要）作用”。此处指通过真正的 关心和理解，我们可以有所作为。故进A。 difference差异；change改变；sense意义； promise承诺。 15.C句意：这强化了我的承诺，即确保每位 客人的体验都令人难忘，并且他们可以定 制自己的独特需求。根据下文“their unique needs'”可知，此处指定制顾客的独特 需求。敌选C。accept接受；promote促进； tailor定制：dismiss解雇。 2网勾·讲与练·高三英语L 课时作业20 Natural 和家人一起拆除大山，连接外面的世界。后 面跟名词作宾语，表示“不顾”应用介词de disasters(二) spite。故填despite I.阅读理解 2.determination考查词性转换。句意：这个故 A 事激励了中国人团结起来，用决心和努力克 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 服困难。作介词with的宾语，应用名词de 要说明了人工智能可能实现给出准确的地震 termination,故填determination。 预测，并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。 3.was built考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一 1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once 致。句意：当地人民在10年内沿着太行山的 trained,the AI offered predictions by detecting 悬崖修建了一条1500千米长的水道，将与 early indicators of quakes hidden within the 山西接壤的漳河的宝贵水资源输送到干旱 planet'slow-frequency rumbles(隆隆声). 地区。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文 可知，人工智能分析地球的背景声音预测地 “within I0 years”可知发生在过去，用一般过 震事件。故选B。 去时的被动语态，主语为“A1,500-kilome- 2.C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知 ter-long waterway”,谓语用单数。故填was Alexandros Savvaidis想在第三段说明发展人 built 工智能预测的意义。故选C。 4.a考查冠词。句意：最初，寻找饮用水对居 3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 民来说是件头疼的事：人们不得不每天从五 "Their next step is to test artificial intelli 千米外的地方打水。此处headache为泛指， gence...making it an ideal location for these 且其发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 purposes..”可知，接下来的研究重点是在不5.To ease考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解 同地点进行测试。敌选A。 这一地区的缺水问题，当地政府决定在山区 4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ad- 修建一条运河，这是一项了不起的工程成 vances in artificial intelligence (AI)are indi- 就。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作目 cating that accurate quake forecasting may be 的状语，应用不定式，位于句首，首字母大 attainable,thereby casting doubt on the con- 写。故填To ease。 ventional wisdom that such an accomplishment 6.whose考查定语从句。句意：同上。非限制 is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后一段中 性定语从句中修饰先行词canal,关系词在从句 的“That may be a long way of,but many ad- 中作定语。故填whose。 vances such as this one,.taken together,.are7.hung考查动词的时态。句意：人们把绳子 what moves science forward..”可推知，地震 系在腰上，挂在悬崖上，在岩石上钻孔，然后 预测技术具有开创性和前景。敌选D。 B 用简单的工具挖运河。根据上文“People tied ropes around their waists and”可知，应为 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。Brigham 一般过去时。故填hung。 Young大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正 8.removing考查非谓语动词。句意：从1960 在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供 年2月到1969年7月，他们夷平了1250座 更多关于如何有效控制野火的信息。 山顶，挖了211条隧道，移走了2225万立方 5.C主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容可知 米的土石。分析句子结构可知，remove与逻 第二段主要介绍了Thomas H.Fletcher和合 辑主语hey构成主动关系，敌用现在分词作 著者开展研究的具体步骤。 状语。故填removing。 6.A细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知 9.benefits考查名词的数。句意：他们的努力 研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的 获得了多方面的好处。根据上文“multiple” 分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。 可知，benefit应用复数形式。故填benefits 7.B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文 10.dramatically考查词性转换。句意：正是这 "Very detailed models that already exist take 条运河极大地改变了当地人民的生活，灌 up to two weeks to run on very big computers 溉了大约3.6万公顷土地，解决了大约 and by that time,the fire has moved and it's 56.7万人的供水困难。修饰动词change应 not in the same place anymore..”可知，已经 用副词。故填dramatically 存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时 过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管 课时作业21 The world 理，再结合画线词的上文“We're aiming to- online(一) wards giving answers”和下文“in the next20 I.阅读理解 minutes or half hour instead of the next two A weeks”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介 短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答绍了几个最好的免费打电话的应用程序 案，确保模型的时效性，画线词意思应该是1.B细节理解题。根据XXchat部分的 “传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。 "Since you can only call other XXchat users, 8.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Oum you can't use the app to call home phones or model can't prevent a fire,but it can help with devices that aren't using the app.”可知，XX decisions on how to manage fires so that when chat的缺点是它的连接是有限的，只能呼叫 a fire starts,it doesn't blow up into a huge 其他XXchat用户，不能呼叫家庭电话或未 uncontrollable fire..”可知，研究者开发该新模 使用该应用的设备。故选B。 型是为了更有效地控制野火。 2.A细节理解题。根据Telescope部分的“A Ⅱ.语法填空 popular feature in this app is groups.You can 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。20世纪 have up to 200,000 people in a single 60年代，河南省林县人民在10年内沿着太行 group!”可知，Telescope的特点是能群组通 山的悬崖修建了一条1500千米长的水道，将 话。故选A。 宝贵水资源输送到干早地区。 3.D细节理解题。根据Text部分的“To 1.despite考查介词。句意：中国有这样一个 make phone calls to non-users,like land line 故事：一位90多岁的老人不顾别人的怀疑， phones,you need to buy or earn redeemable -540-