课时作业15 The world of Science-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（外研版）

课时作业15 The (总分： I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A (2025·山东实验中学高三月考)》 The words“caring”and“empathetic(共情的)” aren't ones normally associated with technology. Yearsley,an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI),is trying to change that. Yearsley is the founder of Akin,a robotics startup that currently uses a tablet-based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life,whether that's planning meals or reminding you to pay your cell phone bill.Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns, strengthen behaviors and manipulate (buying decisions,some of which,she assumes,are questionable or just unhealthy. In contrast,the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home,encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk, refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends."It's the hardest AI I have ever built for it's a complex system,"Yearsley says. Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017,when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored.Besides,she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work. A United Nations report estimates that women do 2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do,or close to 30 hours per week in the US alone. While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine homemade tasks,the first display for Akin will take time and money.Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors,and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova's Mission for the Future program, an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future. 1.What might the Akin's AI system suggest? A.Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself. B.Staying up late working to make more money. C.Spending more time staying with your family. D.Purchasing products that may attract you. (横线下方不可作答) 4 班级： 姓名： world of science 2.5分) 2.What made Yearsley develop the Akin's AI system? () A.The high cost of current home devices. B.Heavy burden of housewives. C.Financial support from investors. D.Akin's becoming a finalist for a program. 3.What can be used to describe the Akin's AI system? A.Popular and promising. B.Stable and secure. C.Thoughtful and innovative. D.Mature and ideal. 4.What's the purpose of the text? A.To introduce a futuristic AI system. B.To compare two companies'AI systems. C.To call on people to care about housewives. D.To seek support for an AI expert. B (2025·T8联考卷) Confirmation bias refers to people's tendency to seek out information that supports their existing beliefs.While it's usually subconscious,its impacts are significant.It can cloud people's judgement and decision-making processes. One explanation for confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information.Humans are constantly fed with information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece.It is adaptive for humans to rely on subconscious,automatic judgements that contribute to the efficiency.Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their self-worth.People like to feel good about themselves,and discovering a belief they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. Therefore,confirmation bias will encourage them to disregard the information contrary to their belief. Researches show that confirmation bias is strong and widespread.In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side.Only when a researcher directly asked people to generate arguments against their own beliefs were they able to do so.It is not that people are incapable of generating arguments that are contrary to 必修第三册 their beliefs,but,rather,people are not motivated to do so. Confirmation bias also surfaces in interpersonal communication.When interacting with people who perceivers think have certain personalities,the perceivers will ask questions that are biased toward supporting the perceivers'beliefs.If a new roommate is expected to be friendly and outgoing,Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library. Confirmation bias may lead to incomplete and misinterpreted understanding of an issue or topic,as crucial information may be overlooked or dismissed. Thus,to avoid it,people are supposed to diversify the sources of information accessed as seeking multiple perspectives brings a broader understanding of the subject matter and allows for well-rounded decision- making.Another way is to actively challenge the bias by questioning assumptions and relying on evidence rather than personal opinions,which helps us consciously recognize informational biases and minimize their impact. 5.Why do people show confirmation bias? ( A.To help maintain their dignity. B.To prevent shallow judgements. C.To handle complex information. D.To develop their logical reasoning. 6.What did the studies in Paragraph 3 find? ( A.People couldn't produce arguments against their belief. B.Information supporting people's belief often won preference. C.It took considerable motivation to face controversial issues. D.People focused on information concerning the opposing side. 7.How does the writer illustrate confirmation bias in communication? A.By making comparison. B.By giving an example. C.By introducing a study. D.By defining a concept. 8.What is the passage mainly about? A.The role of my-side bias in enhancing people's own beliefs. B.The effects of information overload on decision- making process. C.The impact of confirmation bias on interpersonal communication. 红对勾·讲与练4 D.Understanding of confirmation bias and strategies to overcome it. Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） (2024·广东广州模拟) Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique.It involves explaining what you're learning to others.By teaching what you've learned from memory,you engage in active recall. 1()It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it.The technique consists of four repeatable steps. To begin,choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand.2()The more interested you are,the faster you'll grasp it.Moreover,a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged. 3()Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old.If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone,you can just teach it to an imaginary audience.But it works much better if you use a real person.They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear. While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding.4()Review your notes,reread books,or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward. Now that you fully grasp the concept,test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit. The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn.5()You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However,with great efforts in mastering this method,you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before. A.It is mentally demanding. B.This helps the information stick in your mind better. C.Teach it to a five-year-old,who would give you direct feedback. D.Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. E.Once you have chosen a topic,you can teach it to someone else. F.Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning. G.When this happens,refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. 78 高三英语WY6.B词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构 selves.”可知，Jane Jacobs认为城市应该如何7.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Using 可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“a surface 发展应该由当地居民决定。敌选A。 tips she earned from working at her parents layer of low-alkalinity(低碱度)water'”,再由7.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The bread shop,Emily bought many books out of “The decline happens'”可知，海洋表层的低碱 streets in which people live should be a tight her own pocket..”可知，Emily在她父母家的 度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳 pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow peo 面包店帮忙。故选B。 的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”，即weaken。 ple to meet,talk,and get to know one anoth- 8.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推 故进B。 er.”可知，Jane Jacobs建议人行道应该紧密 知，Emily的图书捐赠话动获得了巨大的 7.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate 相连，这样能让人们相遇、交谈和互相了解。 成功。 simulations had previously shown...none had 故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 considered alkalinity as an explanation.”可知， 8.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They 1.D2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B 以前的气候模拟只是表明一直以来海洋吸 are also safe places to be,because the higher 8.D9.D10.B11.A12.C13.A 收二氧化碳的能力在减弱，但是没有一个考 density means that there are more'eyes on the 14.D15.C 虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知，Megumi street':shopkeepers and locals who know their Chikamoto谈到查明为什么海洋降低了二氧 课时作业15 The world of science area and maintain a close watch over the neigh- 化碳的吸收很困难。政选A。 bourhood.”可知，“eyes on the street'”指的是 【,阅读理解 8.D推理判断题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收 店主和当地人对街区的密切关注，这会带来 A 二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响，与自然 安全感。故选C。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。机器 环境紧密相关，故文章有可能来自一本环境 Ⅱ.语法填空 人初创公司Akin的创始人Yearsley正在开发 期刊。故选D。 1.admiration 2.successfully 的人工智能系统将为用户带来体贴和人性化 Ⅱ.完形填空 3.constructed 4.damaging 5.was given 的家庭管理服务，使“关怀”和“同理心”不再与 1.B2.A3.D4.A5.B6.C7.C 6.to respect 7.virtues 8.it 9.to 10.which 技术无关 8.B9.C10.A11.D12.A13.C 14.B15.D 课时作业l4 Making a difference 1.C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“【n contrast,the AI that she is developing will be 课时作业13 Knowing me, I.阅读理解 designed to...refilling the fridge and support- ing social interactions like lunches or birthday knowing you [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 celebrations with friends.”可知，Akin的人T [.阅读理解 要讲述了Debra Ferrell在她的53岁生日时收 智能系统支持与家人一起度过更多时间。 A 到别人的求助信息并给予了别人帮助，以及她 2.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Yearsley [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主 长期致力于帮助他人的故事。 began developing the Akin technology in 要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”及其对人们1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Debr阳 社交关系的影响，并提出了解决策略 2017,when she realized...women unequally Ferrell got the standard well-wishes on Face bear the burden of household work.”可知 1.B细节理解题。根据第一段的内容以及第 book on her 53rd birthday,but she got some Yearsley的AI系统研发的原因之一就是家 二段中的“To find out whether these worries unusual messages too.was extremely sad.”以 庭主妇的沉重负担。 are necessary,we have conducted nearly 10 及第二段中的“That message and the30orso years of research..”可知，作者进行l0年的研 3.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Current others like it were exactly what Ferrell was 究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。 looking for..”可知，Ferrell在生日那天收到 home devices...she assumes,are questionable 2.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 了请求帮助的消息。故远A。 or just unhealthy.”和第三段中的“In con- "Having a larger liking gap is associated with2.B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When trast,the AI that she is developing...supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday cele- being less willing to ask workmates for help, she got the note about the Minnesota family.. brations with friends.”可知，Akin公司的人 less willing to provide workmates with open where his brother can go to listen to it whenev and honest feedback,and less willing to work er he wants.”可知，挂在孩子卧室里的是 工智能系统是考虑周到的且新颖的。 on another project together.”可知，“好感认 Ferrell赠送的风铃，句中It指代的是上文提 4.A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 知差距”的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿降 及的风铃。故远B。 "Akin has received some early seed money 低。敌选D。 3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“H from a handful of investors...and lead society 3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are family often gives her some extra birthday cash into the future.”并结合全文可知，本文的目 numerous strategies.you didn't do well.”可j with a serious warning not to spend it on any 的是介绍Akin公司的一套未来人工智能 知，作者在最后一段想给出减少偏见感受的 one else..and she'll give if she wants to.”可 系统。 建议。故选C。 知，虽然家人要求Ferrell不要把钱花在其他 4.C主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time and 人身上，但是Ferrell仍然会继续帮助陌生人a [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。确认偏 time again,we found that people left their4.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For her 见是指人们倾向于寻找支持自身信念的信息 conversations with negative feelings about the 47th,in 2014,she founded...Be Love, 进而影响判断与决策。为了克服确认偏见，应 impression they made.That is,people system- Do Stuff..”以及最后一段中的“Her family of- 使信息来源多样化并主动质疑假设，提升理解 atically underestimate how much their conver- ten gives her some extra birthday cash...It's 和判断能力。 sation partners like them and enjoy their com- Ferrell's party,and she'll give if she wants 5.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Another pany一a false belief we call the‘liking to.”可知，Debra Ferrell长期致力于帮助他 reason why people show confirmation bias is to g即'.”并结合全文可知，本文主要说明了什 人，还会买东西送给寻求帮助的陌生人，由此 protect their self-worth.”可知，人们是为了保 么是“好感认知差距”及其对人们社交关系 可知，她是既愤慨又有爱心的人。敌选A。 护自己的自尊而呈现出确认偏见。 的影响，并提出了解决策略。由此可知，C 6.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“people 项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最适台 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。来自美 were able to generate and remember more rea- 作文章标题。故选C。 国马里兰州的19岁的Emily Bhatnagar发现她 sons supporting their side of a controversial is- B 的父亲已经甲状腺癌四期时，决定发起图书捐 sue than the opposing side”可知，人们在面对 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介 贈活动，为癌症儿童募集书籍，并取得成功。 有争议的问题的时候，会偏向那些支持他们 绍了Jane Jacobs对城市社区的设想，她认为城5.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.her re- 立场的信息而不是与他们的立场相对立的 市社区应该是一个便于人们互相接触与交流、 sponse was different from what you might ex- 信息 彼此了解的地方。 pect.To honour her father,who she also de- 7.B写作手法题。第四段主要讲述确认偏见 5.B推理判断题。根据第-段中的“At the scribed as her best friend,she decided to start 在人际交往中的体现，最后给出例子“fa heart of her vision is the idea that urban life a book drive called For Love and Buttercup, new roommate is expected to...studies in the li- should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby collecting books for kids with cancer.”可知 brary.”来进行说明。因此，作者是运用举例 people are able to interact with one another in 发现父亲已经甲状腺痛四期时，Emily在网 的写作手法来解释说明人际沟通中的确认 dense(稠密)and exciting urban environ- 上发起了旧书捐赠活动。 偏见 ments..”可知，Jane Jacobs认为人们之间的互6.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“but the 8.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章5个 动是城市生活的核心，对于成功的城市社区 response was truly incredible and it was just 自然段从概念、原因、表现、影响以及如何避 是非常重要的。故选B。 the push I needed to co-exist with my grief 免的角度，帮助读者深刻理解确认偏见并提 6.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The best (悲伤)rather than letting it consume me”可 出了克服它的策路。 judges of how a city should be-and how it 推知，邻居们对Emily发起的旧书捐赠活动 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 should develop-are the local residents them- 的反应让她受到了鼓舞。 1.B2.D3.E4.G5.A -579- 参考答案“☑。 课时作业16 Amazing art 课时作业17 What an 1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once trained,the Al offered predictions by detecting I.阅读理解 adventure early indicators of quakes hidden within the I,阅读理解 planet'slow-frequency rumbles（隆隆声).” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 A 可知，人工智能分析地球的背景声音预测地 要介绍了意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者乔托， [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 震事件。故选B。 介绍了其艺术特色和绘画技巧等。 要讲述了Sian Davies在61岁时决定划船穿越 1.B推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容可大西洋的经历和她的感受。 2.C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知， Alexandros Savvaidis想在第三段说明发展人 知，第一段提到苍蝇是为了说明这只苍蝇画1.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“We 工智能预测的意义。故远C。 得栩栩如生。 would row in three-hour shifts and only sleep :3A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 2.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“… for an hour or so every six hours."和“For the "Their next step is to test artificial intelli- he drew a picture on a rock and that the artist first 15 days,I was seasick,so I hardly ate gence...making it an ideal location for these Cimabue,who happened to be passing by, anything.I was just rowing and collapsing.I purposes.”可知，接下来的研究重点是在不 saw him at work and was so impressed with went through some pretty dark times.”可知 同地点进行测试。故选A。 the boy's talent that he took him into his studio Davies在过程中遭受了很多苦难。 4.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 as an apprentice(学徒).”可知，Cimabue将2.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 "Advances in artificial intelligence Al)are 乔托收为自己的学徒是因为他觉得乔托极 “‘As soon as I got on the water,I fell in love indicating that accurate quake forecasting may 具艺术天赋，有发展前途。 with it,she says.'Feeling your whole body be attainable,thereby casting doubt on the 3.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“In working and the fresh air on your skin is conventional wisdom that such an accomplish- the Middle Ages,an apprentice's job was to amazing.,”可知，Davies对她的第一次划船 ment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后- copy his master as exactly as he could,which 尝试感到印象深刻。 段中的“That may be a long way off,but resulted in a distinct lack of new ideas.In 3.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的 many advances such as this one,taken togeth- fact,art in the Middle Ages seemed to have "One day I was reading about women adven er,are what moves science forward..”可推 been stuck in a rut.”可知，中世纪的艺术缺乏 turers when it hit me that once better,I would 知，地震预测技术具有开创性和前景。故 创新。 row across an ocean.”可知，一些女性冒险家 选D。 4.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“He 的故事激发了Davies划船穿越大洋的灵感 B painted people the way he saw them,instead 4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“山 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。Brigham of the overly tall and boxy people that other March 2021,she was one of the 12 crew Young大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正 artists painted.”以及“Instead,Giotto painted members who set out on the 3,000-mile jour- 在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供 the Christ Child as a baby,which emphasized ney from Tenerife to battle sun,salt and fierce 更多关于如何有效控制野火的信息。 the human relationship between the child and currents.”以及最后一段中的“I want to mo- 5.C主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容可知 his mother.”可知，乔托把圣婴描绘成一个要 torcycle through the Himalayas later in the 第二段主要介绍了Thomas H.Fletcher和合 儿是运用了写实的方式描绘人物。 year”可知，她是一个意志坚强和有雄心出 著者开展研究的具体步骤。 B 志的人。 6.A细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的 要讲述了作者作为一位在Guggenheim博物馆 [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。报道 分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。 工作的保安，对艺术品标签的反思，并且作者 主要介绍了AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重 7.B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文 鼓励观众摆脱预设观念，直接感受艺术品 体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与 "Very detailed models that already exist take 本身。 者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入 up to two weeks to run on very big computers 5.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“But now, 太空。 and by that time,the fire has moved and it's more often than not...its definitive tone sending 5.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mazyck not in the same place anymore.”可知，已经 the message that there's only one right answer was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight 存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时 to the art.”可知，作者开始质疑并希望去除 organized by the group AstroAccess.This type 过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管 艺术品旁的标签说明，认为它们限制了人们 of flight recreates the weightlessness that astro- 理，再结合画线词的上文“We're aiming 对艺术的多角度理解，表明他在形成自己的 nauts experience without going all the way to towards giving answers"和下文“in the next20 判断 space.”可知，AstroAccess提供失重体验 minutes or half hour instead of the next two 6.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“I realized 6.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 weeks”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很 "During the flight,she says,the participants that art historians could be unreliable narrators 短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答 did experiments and made observations. 可 (叙述者).”及“The work looks different ev- 案，确保模型的时效性，画线词意思应该是 知，参与者的飞行要求是试验和观察。 ery time it's shown-not that you'd know it “传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。 7.C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容以及倒 from the wall text.”可知，通过介绍Tearing 8.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Our Lead雕塑的例子，指出助理告诉作者雕塑本 数第三段中的“‘Space removes the barriers model can't prevent a fire,but it can help with 应随意排列金属片，而墙上的文字说明并未 between people;now is the time to remove the decisions on how to manage fires so that when 反映这一信息，说明墙上的解说并不总是准 barriers to space itself,says Mazyck.'It is a fire starts,it doesn't blow up into a huge, 确的，甚至可能是误导的」 sending a message to people...not only is there uncontrollable fire.”可知，研究者开发该新模 7.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“.I tried room for you in space,there is a need for 型是为了更有效地控制野火。 you.’”可推知，Mazyck勇敢且乐观。 Ⅱ.完形填空 to stand in front of the wall label so people 8C主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是最后一 1.A2.D3.C4.B5.B6.D7.C couldn't see it,and I heard their interpretations go wild.”可知，作者站在墙上的标签前，是 段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是AstroAccess 8.A9.A10.C11.B12.A13.B 组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部撞痪的 14.B15.C 为了让访客在没有预设解释的情况下自由 地欣赏和解读雕塑，促使他们自己进行 Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess 课时作业19 Laugh out loud! 正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。C项“让 欣赏。 太空成为每个人的地方”最适合作为文章标题。 【.阅读理解 8.D主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段 Ⅱ.语法填空 4 中的“If I learned one thing as a guard.,focus 1.despite 2.determination 3.was built [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主 instead on what is there.”可知，文章主要讲 4.a 5.To ease 6.whose 7.hung 要介绍了脑力菠惫是什么，脑力疲惫产生时大 述了作者作为博物馆警卫的体验，如何从这 8.removing 9.benefits 10.dramatically 脑皮层里会发生哪些变化，以及应该采取哪些 个角色中学到了不依赖墙上的解说，而且鼓 措施来应对脑力疲惫」 励人们自主观察和理解艺术，因此D项“当 课时作业l8 Disaster 1.A词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Influen 博物馆警卫教会我的观看艺术之道”最能概 and hope tial theories suggested that fatigue(疲惫)isa 括全文主旨，适合作为文章标题。 I.阅读理解 sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make Ⅱ.完形填空 A us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a 1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.A [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主 more gratifying activity.”可知，当身体感到 8.B9.A10.D11.C12.B13.A 要说明了人工智能可能实现给出准确的地震 疲惫时，大脑会让我们停下手里的工作，转 14.A15.D 预测，并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。 向“轻松的”活动。 2对勾·讲与练·高三英语WY -580-