课时作业17 People of Achievement-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（人教版）

选择性必修第一册 课时作业17 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 1.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章旨 在介绍和评价一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论 的书—《爱因斯坦革命》。 1.A细节理解题。根据第二段“For the first time ever..and by pure thought alone.”可知， Gutfreund和Renn对流行的关于爱因斯坦的 观点持反对的态度，故选A项。 2.A词句猜测题。画线短语上文“Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past'”提到爱因斯坦通常认为 科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过 去革命性的突破；画线短语下文“but a natu- ral extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists”提到他的理 论是由意大利天文学家Galileo Galilei、英国 物理学家Isaac Newton等先驱以及I9世纪 物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延 伸。由此可推出画线短语的含义为“从零开 始”，故选A项。 3.C推理判断题。根据第三段“but a natural extension...as well as nineteenth-century phys- icists'”可推知，作者提到这些著名物理学家 是为了说明他们的研究为爱因斯坦的成功 做出了贡献，敌选C项。 4.B推理判断题。根据第一段“nThe Einsteinian Revolution...and our view of the physical world.”、第三段“As a large part of the book.with the past.”以及最后一段 "Although not al ways...and historians alike." 可推出，本文最可能取自一本书的序言，故 选B项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作 者作为呼叫中心收款员的工作不被人尊重，常 受人憎恶。尽管作者也能换位思考，理解客 户，但还是希望得到平等的对待和尊重。 5.B词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me.Before we've even spoken,you hate 肥.”可知，作者作为呼叫中心的收款员，在 和客户的交往中，总是受到厌恶甚至僧限， 所以每天当作者必须登录电话系统时，她应 是感到害怕，敌B项与画线词的意思最为接 近。故选B。 6.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it's because I am invisible.”可知，作者认为自 己设有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端， 仿佛是一个看不见的、不真实的人。故选C。 7.C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The big-- gest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同感).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.”可知，作者认为自己能够做好这 份工作的原因是她有同理心，能够理解打电 话的人所处的境地，也就是说，作者能够换 位思考。故选C。 8.A推理判断题。本文第一、二段讲到了作 者工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景；第三段讲 述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人；第 四、五段作者分析了原因并讲述了自己能够 应付这些情况的关键技能：再结合最后一段 中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember tht.”可推理出，作者写这篇文章是为了呼 吁人们尊重和理解她的工作。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章 讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日 产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印 实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初 期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力」 采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则 等措施来减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学 家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究而对 地球造成伤害。 1.D句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物 产量大幅增加。根据上文“As our research turned to full capacity"和下文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 2 3D- printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可 知，作者的研究工作会产生废弃物，随着他 们研究工作的全面展开，产生的废弃物也会 大幅增加。故选D。return返回；decline下 降：stabilize稳定（由stable派生而来）：rocket 猛增（熟词生义）。 2.A句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一 些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想 法。根据空后“3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste'”以及“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment'”可知，作者觉得 研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建 议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工 具。故选A。create创造；buy购买；borrow 借用；rent出租a 3.C句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购 买回收设备的资金。根据句中“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可 知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了 他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。 故选C。suspect怀疑；criticize批评；encour- age(由courage派生而来)鼓励；comfort安 慰（多义词）。 4.A句意：但是经过几个月的努力，该项目并 没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。根 据句中“the project didn't go as I had imag- ined and progressed slowly”可知，虽然作者努 力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象 的那样进展顺利。故选A。struggle努力； discussion(由discuss派生而来)讨论； training训练；confusion(由confuse派生而 来)困惑。 5.B句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他 减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个 让人松一口气的事。根据下文“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental6”可知，作者的方法 并设有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方 法时，作者感到松了一口气。relief表示“在 困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感”」 故选B。source来源；relief(焦虑、痛苦等 的)减轻；target目标；success成功。 6.D句意同上。根据上文“I went to my ad- -559- viser and suggested the idea of 2 3D-prin ted lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知， 同事们也提出了一些减少环境足迹的方法。 footprint在此指的是研究活动对环境造成的 影响。敌选D。distribution(由distribute派 生而来)分布；option选项；phase阶段；foot print(由名词foot+名词print合成而来)脚 印；足迹。 7.C句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿 色的方式来运作实验室。根据下文“We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小 组，来改进实验室的操作方式，以减少对环 境的影响。故选C。cre治愈；defend保卫； operate操作，运转；negotiate谈判。 8.B句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都 引入了新的回收箱，以便我们的塑料废弃物能 够被正确地分类。根据空后“new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者的团队以更加绿 色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们应 是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。comment评 论；introduce引入；move移动；knock敲。 9.A句意同上。根据上文“we8new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者的实验 室引入了新的回收箱，以便能够正确地将塑 料废弃物进行分类。故选A。properly正确 地；typically典型地；naturally自然地；annual-- y每年地。 10.C句意：至今仍令我感到失望的是，我未 能完全实现我的3D打印设想。根据上文 "But after months of 4,the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的 设想并设有实现，所以他感到非常失望。 故选C。recipe配方；prevention(由prevent 派生而来)预防；vision构想；association(由 associate派生而来)协会。 11.D句意：但我也认识到，如果一种方法行 不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其他解决 方案。根据下文“and look for other solu- tions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行 不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻 找新的方法。故选D。set off出发；speak out说出；hold on继续；step back后退一步。 12.B句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮 助下，我们能够做到这一点。根据上文 “T'm thankful'”可知，作者能够做到这些是 因为其他学术社区帮助了他。“academic community”指的是科研领域内的同行和团 队。故选B。local本地的（多义词）； academic学术的：final最终的：new新的。 13.C句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考 如何减少自己研究的环境影响。根据上文 的“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 6 知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自 己的研究对环境的影响。敌选C。funda- mental基础的；historical历史的；environ- mental环境的；financial财政的。 14.A句意：毕竞，如果我们最终设有一个可 以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我 们的科学又有什么意义呢？根据下文“f, ultimately,there remains no 15 planet we can call our home”可知，作者觉得如果 地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意 义了。故选A。significance(由significant 派生而来)意义；possibility可能性（由 参考答案☑。 possible派生而来)；fortune财富；depth(由 deep派生而来)深度。 15.B句意同上。根据语境可知，此处表示如 果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生 命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星 球，那么科学研究也就没有了意义。故选 B。broad宽的；supportive(由support派生 而来)支持的；different不同的；particular特 指的。 课时作业18 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE I.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通 过虚构人物Shemsy向读者展示了2080年的 教育是什么样子的。 1.D主旨大意题。根据第一段的中心句 "Education in 2080 is distinctive from educa- tion in the2020s.”和下文的“Until about 2035,the main function of education sys- tems...In 2080,the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its mem- bers.”可知，本段主要讲的是未来的教有功 能和现在截然不同，故D项正确 2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ 'Learning Hubs'that are not restricted to certain ages.They are where intergenerational learning happens,in line with the belief that learning is the lifelong pursuit.”可知，Shemsy 去的学习中心不限制年龄，几代人可以同时 在那里学习，故A项正确。 3.D词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Variabil- ity between students is expected...Shemsy nat- urally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets.”可知，未来教有是允许学生间 差异化存在的，Shemsy以她设定的速度自然 地探索她好奇的事物。再根据画线词所在 句中的“still'”、“children globally”以及常识 可推知，“Being Human”和“the History of Humanity”是全球学生必学的科目，故画线 词的意思与D项最为接近。 4.B主旨大意题。第一段讲2080年的教有 与现在截然不同；第二、三段通过虚构人 物Shemsy展示了“what a child's education looks1 ike in2080”;最后一段则向读者发出 遂请，让读者思考“your vision for education in the year2080”。综上可知，本文主要是对 2080年教有的展望，故B项“对教育的展 望”适合作本文的标题。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。一些科 技公司正在研发大脑可穿戴设备，这些设备有 助于彻底改变医疗保健，提高人们的思考能 力、专注力和沟通能力等，但也会对人们的心 理隐私和思想自由构成威胁。 5.B主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，大 型科技公司已经在大脑可穿戴设备上投入 巨资。他们的目标是将大脑传感器放入智 能手表、耳机和睡眠辅助器中。将它们融入 我们的日常生活可以彻底改变医疗保健，实 现个性化的疾病治疗。大脑传感器可以提 高我们的思考能力、专注力和通过技术心灵 感应进行交流的能力。故本段主要介绍的 是大脑可穿戴设备的潜力。 6.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nowa- days,our inner selves are not as secret...vio- 2网勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ late human brains even when people don't real- ize that.”可知，作者认为如今我们的内在自 我不像以前那样私密。从神经营销到社交 煤体的兔子洞，它们在人们设有意识到的情 况下搅扰人类的大脑，侵犯他们的隐私。接 着以社交媒体的“喜欢”按钮和通知为例说 明这一现象。 7.A词义猜测题。画线词后文提到，当可穿 戴设备重塑我们的思想和情感时，我们的行 为中有多少真正是我们自己的？当我们开 始将脑力任务转移给人工智能时，我们有可 能过度依赖技术。我们应该让人工智能塑 造我们的心理体验吗？我们如何在一个由 这些技术重塑的互联世界中保持我们的人 性？这些问题表明人类能动性和机器干预 之间的界限不清晰。由此猜测画线词mani fest意为“清晰的”」 8.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To get there will require we recognize new digital age rights...before the choice is no longer ours to make.”可知，要实现这一目标，我们需要意 识到新数字时代的权利，以维护我们的内在 自由—一对我们的大脑和心理体验的自决 权。我们必须现在就这样做，在我们无法再 做出选择之前。由此可知作者呼吁人们维 护思想的自由。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的 是跳绳的好处 1.F空前“It burns calories...forl0 minutes.” 说明了跳绳可以燃烧很多卡路里，F选项说 明了跳绳可以减肥，承接上文，符合语境，故 选F。 2.B空前“Some people keep the habit of working out in the open air.”说明有些人有 在户外锻炼的习惯，空后“Being able to pick up a rope is a great option.”说明跳绳是个好 的选择，空处应说在什么时候跳绳是个很好 的选择，B选项提出外面下雨时跳绳是个很 好的选择，因此B选项承上启下，符合语境， 故选B。 3.D空后“The impact or stress from landing after a jump helps strengthen your bones.”i说 明跳绳时落地的冲击或压力有助于增强骨 路，这说明跳绳和承重有关，D选项说明了 跳绳是一种承重活动，引起下文，符合语境， 敌选D。 4.E空前“Jumping rope.better vital capaci-- y.”说明跳绳可以增加人的肺活量，空处应 解释肺活量是什么，E选项说明了什么是肺 活量，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 5.C空前“After exercise..help calm ourselves dowm.”说明跳绳可以让人心情好，空处应是 总结性的话，C选项呼吁人们跳绳，总结全 文，符合语境，故选C。 课时作业19 FASCINATING PARKS 【.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主 要介绍了Dolly Parton主题公园。 1.D细节理解题。根据文章中的“If this isn't your taste.Dolly's rags-to-riches story.”可 知，游客可以在Dolly Parton Experience了解 Dolly从贫穷到富有的故事。故选D项。 2.C细节理解题。根据文章中的“Her tour -560- bus offers a superstar sleepover'”和“With the Dolly's customized tour bus now ..before sleeping in her luxurious bed.”可知，游客在 旅游巴士上可以享受整夜留宿的服务。故 选C项。 3.A推理判断题。根据文章中的“If this isn't your taste...Dolly's rags-to-riches story. "fans can peek inside the singer's wardrobe (衣橱)”，再结合第一段的内容可知，这些热 门项目可能会吸引Doly的仰慕者。故选 A项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 绍了一家别具一格的旅游公司，组织无手机旅 游，提倡游客在旅游期间不使用智能手机，因 为手机会分散游客的注意力，使他们不能集中 注意力享受旅程。该旅游公司会派专人拍照， 并在行程结束后把照片分享给大家。 4.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“A new tour company...a tech job at a mapping company.”可知，Zach Beattie用自己之前工 作省下来的钱创办旅游公司，名为Off the Grid。故选A。 5.D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The tour also includes..with a local family.”可知， 在Lisbon之旅中，参与者有机会体验水上运 动，如冲浪、帆船运动等。故选D。 6.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“When you're somewhere new ..Your phone can distract(使分心)you.”以及“We want twice a day or a total blackout.”可知，Beattie 希望参与者能够远离手机，把自己从手机中 解放出来，但是不会设收手机并把手机锁在 后备箱里。故选C。 7.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 “Tourgoers..and to promote socializing.”可 知，游客们会得到一个不能上网的“dumb phone(非智能手机)”，里面有小组领导和其 他参与者的电话号码，游客可以用“dumb phone”来联络其他组员。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲 述了作者与女儿之间的关系随着女儿进入大 学而发生的变化，以及作者如何造应这种变化 并努力维持与女儿的联系。 1.D句意：既然她已经上大学了，我们的关系 背景完全改变了，我们的关系也完全不同 了。根据上文“For the past 18 years,my daughter has been around me all the time. Now that she is in college”可知，此处说的是 作者和女儿的关系背景发生了变化，故选D 项。problem问题；progress进步；goal目标； context背景。 2.C句意同上。根据上文“For the past18 years,my daughter has been around me all the time.Now that she is in college”以及下文 "I'm not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her.”可知，此处说的是作 者和女儿的关系与以前不同了，故选C项。 cold冷的；special特殊的；different不同的； casual浸不经心的。 3.A句意：这是我们新常态的一个小故事。 根据下文“A week ago,.my daughter wanted to 4 so she called me during the day as I was in meetings.I 5 her later on,but she was in class.”可知，此处说的是作者与女儿 相处的新常态，故选A项。normal常态：idea班级： 姓名： 选择性必修第一册 课时作业17 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT (总分：35分)》 .阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） earlier history of physics but also the history of A knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians (2024·东北三省联考) alike. German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most 1.What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the famous scientists of all time,the personification of a popular viewpoint on Einstein? genius and the subject of a whole industry of A.Opposing. B.Favorable. scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent. on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity-Israeli 2.What does the underlined phrase "from scratch" physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of probably mean? science Juirgen Renn-offer an original and penetrating A.From nothing. (精辟的）analysis of Einstein's revolutionary B.Up to a certain standard. contributions to physics and our view of the physical C.By learning from others. world. D.With previous knowledge. For the first time ever,by setting Einstein's work 3.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the in the long course of the evolution of scientific famous physicists? knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. misconception about Einstein as an unconventional B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. scientific genius who created modern physics single- C.Their research contributed to Einstein's success. handedly and by pure thought alone. D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. As a large part of the book explains,Einstein 4.Where is the text most probably taken from? typically argued that science progresses through steady ( evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the A.A guidebook to a course. past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something B.An introduction to a book. from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical C.An essay on Albert Einstein physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer D.A review of physics development. Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in B the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists. (2024·河南郑州高三质量检测) The authors highlight how classical physics cannot You hate me.You don't even know me and you be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics. hate me.Before we've even spoken,you hate me.At The book also includes substantial sections on Polish least that's how it feels on my end of the call as a astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose female Collections Officer at a call center. methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered I dread the moment when I have to log on to our himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,phone system first thing in the morning because I never without their contributions,he would not have know who is going to be on the other end of that call. formulated(认真阐述)the theory of relativity. Sometimes it's an easy task.The caller is pleasant The Einsteinian Revolution is an important andand has accepted personal responsibility for their debts, thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all system,that person is me. people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did. I've had people who shout at me,call me horrible But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand names,accuse me personally of taking their money and his genius,one must take into account not just the threaten me.Why?I think it's because I am invisible.I (横线下方不可作答) 465 选择性必修第一册 think I would not be treated with the same level of 4,the project didn't go as I had imagined and disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I progressed slowly.So it was a welcome 5 when have had years of experience in customer service,so my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our I'm fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters environmental 6. bother me. We created a group to push for greener ways to The biggest and most effective skill when it comes 7.We began meeting monthly to come up with to the job is empathy ()I can appreciate the solutions.Over the following months,we 8 new situation which the caller is in because I've been there.recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could That's why I'm good at my job-I understand what be sorted 9.We created rules for each device to be you're going through,and I'm here to help. energy-efficient.I'm still disappointed that I couldn't Some days though,no matter how much I try to fully realize my 3D-printing 10.I am stubborn leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it enough to keep trying.But I've also learned that if one stays with me.I may do some deep breathing,go for a approach isn't working,sometimes it's best to 11 quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst and look for other solutions.I'm thankful that with the of fresh air.I do this so I don't carry that negativity on help of the 12 community around me,we are able to my next call.That next call may be a person having to do that. the worst day of their life,but I don't want to ever be I encourage scientists everywhere to think about the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just ways to reduce the 13 impact of their own trying to get by in life,which makes you and me research.The work we do is important.But we should equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember also do our part to be as sustainable as we can.After that. all,what 14 does our science have if,ultimately, 5.What does the underlined word "dread"in paragraph 2 there remains no 15 planet we can call our home? probably mean? )1.( )A.returned B.declined A.Enjoy. B.Fear. C.stabilized D.rocketed C.Expect. D.Avoid. 2.( )A.creating B.buying 6.Why does the author think some callers treat her C.borrowing D.renting badly? )3.( )A.suspected B.criticized A.They get angry too easily. C.encouraged D.comforted B.They blame her for their debts. 4.( )A.struggle B.discussion C.They do not see her as a real person. C.training D.confusion D.They accuse her of taking their money. 5.( )A.source B.relief 7.Why does the author think she is good at her job? C.target D.success )6.( )A.distribution B.option A.She can offer callers best advice. C.phase D.footprint B.She is always respected by callers. 7.( )A.cure B.defend C.She can put herself in others'shoes. C.operate D.negotiate D.She isn't easily influenced by negativity. 8.( )A.commented B.introduced 8.What is the author's main purpose in writing this C.moved D.knocked text? )9.( )A.properly B.typically A.To call for understanding of her job. C.naturally D.annually B.To explain why she is good at her job. 10.( )A.recipe B.prevention C.To introduce what she is responsible for. C.vision D.association D.To complain about her being treated badly. 11.( )A.set off B.speak out Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） C.hold on D.step back (2025·江西师大附中高三开学摸底) 12.( ）A.local B.academic My work in cancer research was generating a lot of C.final D.new waste every day.As our research turned to full 13. ）A.fundamental B.historical capacity,our waste production 1 C.environmental D.financial I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 14.( ）A.significance B.possibility 2 3D-printed lab tools out of some of our C.fortune D.depth waste.She 3 me and then I secured funding to 15.( )A.broad B.supportive purchase recycling equipment.But after months of C.different D.particular 红对勾·讲与练 466 高三英语RJ