课时作业15 Space Exploration-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（人教版）

班级： 姓名： 课时作业15 SPACE EXPLORATION (总分：35分) I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） C.Reduction in forests and grasslands. A D.Competing for land between farmers. 2.What does the underlined word"that"in paragraph 2 (2024·江苏南京、盐城高三模拟) refer to? Since the last ice age,humans have cleared nearly A.Generation of solar power. half of the earth's forests and grasslands for agriculture. B.Hot weather increasing efficiency. With the world population expanding,there's ever- C.Blue photons having higher energy increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only D.Separation of the visible light spectrum. more food but also clean energy.In places such as 3.What do we know about the organic solar cells? Yakima County,Washington,it's created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels(太阳能电池板) A.They make fruits heat-sensitive. consume available fields.Last month,the state approved B.They can cool down in hot days. plans to cover 1,700 acres of agricultural land with C.They allow red light to pass through. solar panels,fueling concerns over the long-term D.They can store carbon-based materials impacts of losing cropland. 4.What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new A recent study from the University of California, solar panels? however,shows how farmers may soon harvest crops A.Limited. B.Promising. and energy together.One researcher,Majdi Abou C.Uncertain. D.Challenging. Najm,explains that the visible light spectrum ( B can be separated into blue and red light waves,and their photons (have different properties.Blue ones (2024·云南昆明高三模拟) have higher energy than red ones.While that gives blue Frying French fries in space may be possible, light what is needed to generate power,it also results in according to a recent study by Aristotle University of higher temperatures."From a plant angle,red photons Thessaloniki,Greece. are the efficient ones,"says Abou Najm."They don't On Earth,we have gravity and buoyancy(浮力) make the plant feel hot." Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker,and A goal of the study is to create a new generation of buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries solar panels.He sees potential in the organic solar cells, to travel upward so that the fries are cooked.In space, which come from carbon-based materials.Thin and which is under microgravity,there is no buoyancy.So transparent,the cells are applied like a film onto various scientists for long believed that frying wasn't possible. surfaces.This new technology could be used to develop The research team first designed a sealed container special solar panels that block blue light to generate that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then power,while passing the red light on to crops planted took the researchers on a ride.The plane climbed up, directly below.These panels could also provide shade and then,at a certain point,headed down just like a for heat-sensitive fruits during the hottest part of roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of the day. microgravity when the plane reached the highest point, By 2050,we'll have two billion more people,and during which the team did tests. we'll need more food and more energy.By maximizing To their surprise,the fries were cooked,and the the solar spectrum,"we're making full use of an bubbles were able to escape.When the potato was fried, endlessly sustainable resource,”says Abou Najm.“If a the water inside the potato turned into vapor(水蒸气). technology can develop these panels,then the sky is the The vapor created pressure when released from the limit on how efficient we can be. potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the 1.What problem does the first paragraph focus on? bubbles to go out and let the oil come in,according to the research paper.It showed that "frying can occur in A.Losing cropland to solar panels. space”. B.Distribution of the world population. This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry (横线下方不可作答) 461☐ 必修第三册 French fries in "space".Early in 2014,a group of interview her for a class 5 researchers conducted studies under various gravity.The “T'm working on my big year-end project,”the agency's large centrifuge()can create artificial heart-warming message 6."I love biology.I did gravity from 1 to 20g,with "g"referring to the some online research and found your website.I would gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.It like to ask if I could 7 you. has four arms and can spin fast.During the spin,things Needless to say,Shen was immediately 8 by held by the arm are under centrifugal force,which is the the email-so much so that she shared a screenshot of source of artificial gravity.The fries were cooked under the child's inspiring message on Twitter.The post 9 different gravity from 1 to 9g. became popular,gaining more than 270,000 likes and They discovered that the French fries had the most1,500 10 since she first shared it. crispy(chips under 3g.It's interesting to mention Many commenters were just as moved by the email that Jupiter's gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth's as Shen was."It's pretty amazing to witness that gravity.So,French fries may have the perfect taste if children are 11 to achieve as much as you have cooked on Jupiter,compared with other planets in the done,"said one Twitter user.Other readers were solar system. 12 of their own experiences with young children 5.What may make frying French fries possible in space?growing up."Representation matters,and it is 13 ）the third-grader found his role model.” A.The release of bubbles Now that the story has touched thousands,Shen B.The transformation of gravity. has a renewed motivation to 14 her Ph.D.and C.The reduction of vapor. continue creating an environment of 15 for students D.The accumulation of buoyancy. within her field. 6.Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster?1. )A.stuck to B.kept on C.gave up D.dreamed of A.To make a weightless sense. 2.( )A.biologist B.chemist B.To get appropriate pressure. C.physicist D.artist C.To test the seal of the container 3.( )A.expressed B.named D.To create experiment conditions. C.compared D.considered 7.What is the purpose of mentioning the studies4. )A.urgent B.long conducted in 2014? ( C.unexpected D.common A.To show the function of the centrifuge. 5.( )A.project B.performance B.To find common ground of various experiments. C.discussion D.speech C.To prove the perfect taste of French fries on6. )A.informs B.reads Jupiter. C.writes D.asks D.To offer more evidence about cooking French 7.( )A.quote B.find fries in space. C.follow D.interview 8.Where is the text most probably taken from? )8.( )A.touched B.confused A.A science magazine C.frightened D.surprised B.A cook book. 9.( )A.frequently B.immediately C.A food advertisement C.exactly D.eventually D.A travel brochure 10.( )A.questions B.comments Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）》 C.posts D.calls (2024·河北秦皇岛高三模拟) 11.( )A.bothered B.requested What we believe we can become is often shaped by C.inspired D.ordered the world we see around us.This is especially true for 12.( )A.accused B.suspected young children who 1 becoming everything from C.warned D.reminded astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the 13.( )A.awesome B.urgent reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian C.impossible D.depressing American 2 and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen,she 14.( ）A.quit B.advocate had never 3 herself to be an inspiration for future C.complete D.use generations.That is until she received a(n)4 email 15. ）A.competition B.support from a third-grader in Minnesota who wanted to C.injustice D.privacy 红对勾·讲与练 462 高三英语RJ1.C细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其 是“instead of loading boxes into the car for yet another used book sale”可知，作者和丈夫建 立小型免费图书馆的初衷是为了处理那 原本打算拿去卖的不再需要的书籍。故 选C。 2.C主旨大意题。文章第三段的首句写到 “许多使用我们图书馆的人毫不犹豫地分享 他们对这个社区资源的热爱”，然后举了 位绅士定期为附近养老院取书和作者及丈 夫收到卡片、礼物这两个例子，以此表明人 们对这个图书馆的热爱。故选C。 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段的“Like the people who use our library,the books that come and go reflect the broad diversity of our ciy.”可知，像使用小型免费图书馆的人 样，来来往往的书反映了城市广泛的多样 性，即社区的文化多样性。故选A。 4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Or Little Free Library has enhanced our love of reading and has connected us to a community of book lovers in the heart of our busy neigh- borhood..”可知，小型免费图书馆增强了大家 对阅读的热爱，将作者他们与社区中的图书 爱好者联系在一起，加强了邻里之间的联 系。故选A。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 绍了恰当地提问已经成为一门失传的艺术，分 析了其原因并鼓励人们恰当地提问。 5.A词义猜测题。根据第一段“The curious four-year-old”以及“as we grow older,,our questioning decreases”可知，这个好奇的四岁 孩子问了很多问题—一一直问“为什么？”和 “为什么不呢？”，所以画线词的意思是“持续 不断的”。故选A项。 6.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back. not those who ask them.”可知，提问题的人 不一定能得到积极的反馈是成年后提问减 少的原因。故选B项。 7.C推理判断题。根据第三段前三句可知，我 们倾向于尽快做决策，而不是提出更多的问 题，而这种做法会导致决策质量下降，所以放 慢脚步，花时间多提出问题很重要，不能因为 追求速度而过快地做决策。故选C项。 8.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 "Therefore,asking the right kinds of ques- tions is what counts in achieving a goal.”可 知，接下来要讨论应该提出的适当问题。故 进A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 要介绍了如何通过“日常行动”来养成新的 习惯。 1.E空前提到每年新年之际，我们都面临着 一个明确的选择一翻开新的篇章还是“重 蹈覆辙”？行为科学告诉我们，通过“日常行 动”养成新习惯的原则是一种更有效的改变 生活的方式，而不是新年的计划。空后提到 有几个步骤要做。因此空处内容应与这 做法的好处有关。 2.G本段主要讲的是要目标明确，且坚持下 去。空前举例说明了目标不应该太笼统，应 该具体一些，空后提到把它（你的目标）写在 你会经常被提醒的地方。因此空处应与目 标明确或坚持目标有关。G项“让你的朋友 和家人知道你的目标，他们的压力会帮助你 坚持下去。”呼应本段主题。空后的“t”指代 G项中的“your goal”。 3.B空处位于段首，应是对整段内容的总领 概括。根据下文内容可知，该段主要介绍的 是把目标分解成简单的小步骤。 4.C本段主要讲了你需要跟踪并衡量目标完 成的情况，空前引用名言“你如果无法度量 它，就无法管理它”，空后以打网球或踢足球 不记分为例，说明跟踪并衡量目标完成情况 的重要性。因此空处也应与跟踪并衡量目 标完成情况有关。 5.F该段主要讲述了庆祝你的成功的重要 性。空前提到它在大脑中释放出大量温暖 的化学物质，不仅鼓励你做更多的事情，而 且是动力和满足感的核心。你庆祝得越多， 你就越有可能继续获胜。因此空处内容应 与庆祝成功有关。 课时作业15 SPACE EXPLORATION I,阅读理解 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 要介绍了研究人员分离太阳光成蓝光波和红 光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电 同时文不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植 物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了 太阳能电池板和可耕种土地之间的空间竞争。 1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it's created competition...fueling concerns over the long- term impacts of losing cropland.”可知，太阳 能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空 间的竞争，政府批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖 1700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失 去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可知，第一 段主要关注的是太阳能电池板导致耕地流 失的问题。故远A。 2.C代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones..”可知， 蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that 后表达提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此 可推知，that指的就是蓝色光子具有更高的 能量这一情况。故选C。 3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used...crops planted directly below.”可知，这项新技术可以用于 开发特殊的太大阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光 以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在 下面的作物上。由此可知，有机太阳能电池 能够允许红光通过。故选C。 4.B观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Ifa technology can develop these panels,then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be. 可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池 板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合 第三段中的“He sees potential in the organic solar cells'”可推知，Abou Najm认为新型太 阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于太 空的微重力环境以及缺乏浮力，科学家长期以 来认为炸薯条是不可能的。最近的一项研究 表明在太空中可以炸薯条。 5.A推理判断题。根据第二段内容和第四段 中的“The vapor created pressure when re leased from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the -557- oil come in,according to the research paper.It showed that‘frying can occur in space'.”可 推知，炸薯条的前提是使薯条中的气泡释放 出来。故进A项。 6.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane...headed down just like a roller coaster. There were about 20 seconds of microgravity... during which the team did tests.”可知，飞机 上升到一定高度后像过山车一样俯冲。在 这个过程中，有20秒的时间飞机处于微重力 欲态，在此期间，团队进行了试验。由此可 推知，飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造 试验条件。故选D项。 7.D推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French fries in‘space'.”可知，这不是科学家 首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知，下 文提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更 多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据。故选D项。 8.A推理判断题。综观全文，尤其是根据第 一段“Frying French fries in space may be possible,according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece.”可知，文 章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项研 究，该研究打破了科学家以往的看法，证明 在太空中可以炸薯条，因此本文最可能选自 一本科学杂志。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 了Elaine Shen的故事。一位明尼苏达州的小学 生给她发送了一封电子邮件，希望采访她作为 他年终大项目的一部分。Shen对这封邮件感到 非常感动，并在推特上分享了这一信息。 1.D句意：这是真的，尤其是对于那些梦想着 成为从字航员到未来的世界领袖的儿童。 根据空后“becoming everything from astro- nauts to future world leaders'”可知，这些儿童 梦想着成为从字航员到未来的世界领袖，故 选D。stick to坚持；keep on继续；give up放 弃；dream of梦想。 2.A句意：对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候 选人Elaine Shen来说，她从没想过自己能激 励后代。根据后文“I love biology.Idid some online research and found your website. I would like to ask if I could7you.”可 知，Elaine Shen是一个生物学家，敌选A。 biologist生物学家；chemist化学家；physicist 物理学家；artist艺术家。 3.D句意同上。根据空后“herself to be an in- spiration for future generations'”可知，此处指 她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人，故选 D。express表达；name称之为；compare比 较；consider认为a 4.C句意：直到她收到了一封意外的来自明 尼苏达州的一个三年级学生的电子邮件，邮 件上说因为一次课堂项目，他想要采访她。 根据前文“she had never3 herself to be an inspiration for future generations'”可知，她 从未想过自己能激励后代，敌可推知这封邮 件对她来说是出乎意料的，故选C。urgent 紧急的：long长的；unexpected出乎意料的； common常见的。 5.A句意同上。根据后文“I'「m working on my big year-end project'”可知，此处指因为一 个课堂项目想要采访她，故选A。project项 目；performance表演；discussion讨论；speech 演讲。 参考答案‘☑。 6.B句意：这一暖心的留言写着：“我正在做 一个年终大项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了 一些网上的研究，发现了你的网站。我想问 我是否能采访你。”根据空前“I'm working on my big year-end project'”及空后“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 7you.”可知，空前和空后都是在介绍留 言所写的内容，read符合语境，敌选B。in form通知；read写着；write书写；ask询问。 7.D句意同上。根据前文“That is until she received a(n)4 email from a third-grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 5 ”可知，前文提到一个三年级的 学生想要采访她，故此处指留言询问是否可 以采访她，故选D。quote引用；find找到； follow跟随；interview采访。 8.A句意：不用说，Shen立刻就被这封邮件 感动了，因此她在推特上分享了这个孩子鼓 舞人心的信息的截图。根据后文“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was..”可知，很多评论者与Shen一样 感动，故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件感 动了，故选A。touched感动；confused困惑 的：frightened害怕的：surprised惊讶的。 9.B句意：从她第一次分享，这帖子立刻就火 了起来，得到了27万多的点赞和1500多条 评论。根据后文“gaining more than270,000 likes and 1,500 10 since she first shared t”可知，从她第一次分享这个帖子，获得了 27万多的点赞和1500多条评论，故此处指 这个帖子立刻就火了起来，故选B。 frequently频繁地；immediately立刻地；exact- ly确切地；eventually最终。 10.B句意同上。根据后文“Many commen- ters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者说他们与Shen 样很感动，故此处指1500多条评论，故选 B。question问题；comment评论；post帖 子；call电话。 11.C句意：令人惊叹的是，孩子们会受到鼓 励，去取得和你一样多的成就。根据前文 "she had never 3 herself to be an inspi- ration for future generations'”可知，她从未想 过自己能激励后代，故此处指孩子受到鼓 励，去尽可能多地取得成就，故选C。bother 打扰；request要求；inspire鼓励；order命令。 12.D句意：其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子 成长过程中的经历。根据空后“of their own experiences with young children growing up”可知，此处指这个帖子让其他评论者想 起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历，故选 D。accuse控告；suspect怀景；warm警告； remind提醒，使想起。 13.A句意：榜样很重要，令人惊叹的是，这个 三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。根据后 文“the third-grader found his role model”可 知，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像 这件事应是令人惊叹的，敌选A。awesome 令人惊叹的，极佳的（课标生僻词）；urgent 紧急的；impossible不可能的；depressing令 人沮丧的。 14.C句意：现在，这个故率感动了上千人，Shen 有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，去继续支 持她这个领域的学生。根据前文 “Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen”可知，Shen是 博士候选人，故此处指她有了新的动力去 2网勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ 完成她的博士学位，故选C。qut放弃； 时我们会逐步仔细考虑材料。由此可推 advocate拥护；complete完成；use使用。 知，System2涉及逻辑推理和逐步考虑，这种 15.B句意同上。根据前文“It's pretty amaz- 方式在处理信息时通常更为准确和可靠 ing to witness that children are 11 to 故进A项。 achieve as much as you have done”可7.B推理判断题。第三段摆餐桌的例子说的 知，Shen已经成为孩子们的偶像，故她也会 是，人们在面对看似简单的问题时首先依靠 为孩子们创造支持的氛围，在背后一直支 直觉做出快速反应（摆放七套餐具），然后在 持他们，故选B。competition竞争；support 获得额外信息（其中一位客人是儿童）后，会 支持；injustice不公正；privacy隐私（课标生 切换到分析处理模式（更换为对儿童友好的 僻词) 餐具)。介绍这一例子之前，文章提到人们 课时作业16 THE VALUE 有两种信息处理方式一直觉的系统1和 OF MONEY 分析的系统2，由此可推知这个例子是用来 解释说明这一观点的。故选B项。 1.阅读理解 8.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“buta recent paper makes me wonder if this will 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 come at the price of my comprehension”和最 要介绍了美国著名童诗诗人Jack Prelutsky走 后一段中的“A greater reliance on our feelings 上诗歌创作之路的过程。 could be a problem if we are consuming infor- 1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he mation that needs logical study.”可知，本文作 thought they seemed boring”和“So I started to 者通过引用研究，提示读者虽然听书为生活 think of poetry as punishment..”可知，Prelutsky 带来便利和享受，但可能会以牺牲深度理解 在童年时期并不喜欢诗歌，对于他来说诗歌 和分析能力为代价。故选A项。 是一种惩罚。故选A项。 Ⅱ.语法填空 2.B推理判断题。根据第五段中的“within 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 half an hour,I had all the poems written" 绍了位于中国南京的四方当代美术馆。该美 及倒数第二段中的“but she told me that I was术馆展示了现代艺术，建筑与自然融合，注重 a natural poet and encouraged me to keep writ- 个体体验的突出特色。文章同时也强调了它 ing”可知，Prelutsky尝试在自己的绘画作品的开发商陆军投资兴建宏伟艺术空间来推动 中配上诗歌，这一尝试显现出了他在创作诗中国文化繁荣。 歌方面的天赋，由此打开了他创作诗歌的大1.developer考查名词。分析句子成分可知， 门。故选B项。 空处应用名词，表示“开发商”。敌填devel- 3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“but oper. she told me that I was a natural poet and2.functional 考查形容词。分析句子成分可 encouraged me to keep writing”可知，Pre 知，空处修饰spaces作定语，应用形容词。 lutsky的诗歌得到了儿童图书编辑的赏识， 敌填functional。 她认为他是一名天生的诗人，并鼓励他继续3.is formed考查动词的时态和语态。根据上 创作。由此可推知，她对Prelutsky的诗给予 下文可知，此处描述的是一般情况，故用 了高度评价。故选A项。 般现在时；分析句子结构可知，此处应用谓 4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bt 语动词，且主语The museum和form为被动 more than forty books later,he's still making 关系。故填is formed friends and fans laugh.From monsters to4.winding考查形容词。分析句子结构可知 frogs,Prelutsky has turned silly into an art 空处作passage的定语，表示“蜿蜓的”，应用 fom.”可知，Prelutsky的诗让朋友和粉丝们 形容词winding。故填winding. 开怀大笑。由此可知，Prelutsky的诗很有5.suspended考查非谓语动词。分析句子成 趣。故选A项。 分可知，句子已有谓语动词unwraps和ends, B 所以此处应填非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨 The upper gallery之间是被动关系，应用过去 论了根据芝加哥大学的Boaz Keysar和Janet 分词。故填suspended。 Geip阳l的研究：听书可能影响我们逻辑分析的6.from考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示 能力，因此作者决定在需要深度理解的非小说 院子是由从南京城里的旧院子回收的老胡 类读物上回归阅读，而继续通过听书享受 同的砖块铺就而成。from表示“来自”。故 小说。 填fom。 5.D观点态度题。根据第一段中的“I find it7.gives考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句 far more comfortable to 'read with my ears' 子结构可知，空处与空前的matches为并列的 while my eyes are resting.My consumption of 谓语动词，所填词形式应一致。敌填gves。 new books has doubled as a result”可知，作者8.to be experienced考查非谓语动词。根据 认为听有声书是一种舒适的方式，同时也提 句意可知，此处表示该地等待着被体验，应 到了通过听书，作者能在眼睛休息的同时享 用不定式的被动语态作宾语。故填tobe 受文学作品，这让他读新书的数量倍增。所 experienced. 以对作者来说，听有声书是一种放松和愉悦9.but考查连词。根据前面的“visitors can not 的活动，并且节省了时间。故选D项。 only experience contemporary architectural 6.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“System spaces and art works'”可知，空处是与not only 2 is analytical,involving the use of logic 相搭配的连词but。故填but。 reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it;10.a考查冠词。分析句子成分及句意可知， is engaged,we think through the material step 空处需要用不定冠词来修饰后面的名词 by step..”可知，系统2是分析性的，涉及逻辑 boom,表示我国的富人们在投资推动文化 推理的运用。它是在精神上要求很高的，这 繁荣。故填a。 -558-