课时作业8 Wildlife Protection-【红对勾讲与练·练习手册】2026年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案通用版（人教版）

班级： 姓名： 课时作业8 WILDLIFE PROTECTION (总分：35分) I.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） environments to not trap insects?For we're facing a A massive decline in insects around the world,and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could (2024·江苏南通高三模拟) potentially be leading to this decline,"Fabian said. The science of why insects gather around lights at 1.What do the underlined words "nailed down"in night has never been nailed down.Popular theories paragraph 1 mean? () propose that moths and other insects navigate ( A.Popularized widely. by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight,or that B.Discussed openly. the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. C.Defined accurately. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing D.Explored academically. answer:contrary to current theories,insects are not 2.Fabian's study found that moths circle around the attracted to light from far away,but become trapped if lamps endlessly because they fly close to an artificial light source. A.they can't keep their balance According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and B.they use improper flight attitude Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many C.they lose track of which way is up other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt ( D.they are attracted to lights from far away their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of3.What is the significance of the research finding? millions of years,this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and A.It may lead to better conservation of insects. ensured they flew level.But then came artificial B.Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of. lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to C.Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night. street lamps.This caused them to circle around the D.It may raise concerns for insects'eating behavior. lamps endlessly,the insects trapped by their evolution.4.What is the text mainly about? Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths A.Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. around lights in the lab.The videos reveal that time and B.Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. again,moths and dragonflies turned their backs to C.How artificial light impacts insect populations. artificial lights,which appeared to greatly change their D.How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. flight paths.If the light is above them,they might start B orbiting it,but if it's behind them,they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward (2024·山东济宁高三模拟) the ground. In 2023,the Nature Conservancy launched two Researchers have long warned that light pollution is 5-year pilot projects at working ranches (in a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect Kansas and New Mexico to determine if virtual fences populations.Moths and other insects that become enable land managers to better perform regenerative trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The management practices and to assess potential benefits for artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is biodiversity and for ranchers'bottom lines,as well as daytime,causing them to bed down and skip a night's impacts on soil carbon storage. feeding. Applauded by the U.S.Department of Agriculture There are,Fabian believes,helpful lessons from as a climate adaption strategy,virtual fencing is an the research."What this tells us is that the direction of innovative technology that enables ranchers to use a artificial light matters.Could we change lighting smartphone or Web app to remotely monitor and control (横线下方不可作答) 447 必修第二册 where and when cattle graze ()Virtual fences can 7.What's unavoidable for ranchers to complete the reduce the need for physical fences,which require disturbance-rest cycle? significant time,expense and labor to maintain.Physical A.Intense efforts. fences also limit land managers in their ability to change B.Polluted soil. grazing boundaries to adapt to seasonal changes in C.Financial failure. vegetation or to exclude cattle from ecologically D.Ecological imbalance. sensitive areas. 8.What's Mr Burnidge's attitude to virtual fencing? The cows are outfitted with battery-operated,GPS- enabled collars that send out a radio frequency to A.Intolerant. B.Objective. communicate with reception towers,creating virtual C.Doubtful. D.Conservative. grazing boundaries set by a rancher.When a cow Ⅱ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） 得分 approaches the edge of the virtual boundary,the collar (2024·湖南衡阳高三模拟) produces a sound signaling it to turn around.If the cow In the history of Chinese painting,the Wei,Jin, proceeds to cross the boundary,it receives a momentary Northern and Southern Dynasties was a very important mild shock,signaling that it's gone too far and should period.Gu Kaizhi,a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, rejoin its group. was 1 figure that had to be mentioned during Grasslands are the least protected habitat on earth this period. and one of the most effective carbon sinks,storing up to Gu Kaizhi was born in Wuxi,Jiangsu province in 20%of the world's soil organic carbon.Unfortunately,the year 348 and 2 occupy an important grasslands are continuing to rapidly disappear for several place in the history of Chinese literature.He was also a reasons.For ecological health,most grassland talented poet and calligrapher.Meanwhile,3 ecosystems need periods of disturbance to aerate ((extreme)uninterested in fame and wealth,he made the soil,stimulate plant growth and recycle his living on the philosophy of "being half sly ( nutrients into the soil.Ranchers complete this and half silly"4 was given the title of"three disturbance-rest cycle by managing the timing, excellences'”. location,herd size and intensity of grazing activities, As the first painter 5 maintain) all of which can be time-consuming and painstaking. influence on the development of Chinese painting,Gu "Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still Kaizhi not only created the basic model of figure high,but in the long run it can help land managers painting,leaving 6 his most famous work, better carry out management practices that regenerate Nymph of the Luo River(《洛神赋图》)，but also land health,help address climate change and proposed the principles of painting 7 influence biodiversity loss,"said William Burnidge,director of has lasted a thousand years,such as"realizing perfection the Nature Conservancy. through empathy'”and“exposing spirit with form”. 5.What's stressed concerning virtual fencing in The story of Nymph of the Luo River 8 paragraph 2? )(root)in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi,a A.Its smart design. prince and poet from the Three Kingdoms period. B.Its major advantages. According to accounts,Cao Zhi wrote a poem called C.Its wide application. "Rhapsody of the Goddess of Luo"which described a D.Its working principles. goddess of extraordinary 9(attractive). 6.What does the mild shock indicate to the cow? Inspired by Cao Zhi's poem,Gu Kaizhi set out to illustrate the charming nymph.His painting exhibits the A.It's time to return. soul of the poem,10(display)the nymph's B.It's time to graze. unique elegance and appealing charm.The work C.It's in danger. exemplifies Gu Kaizhi's skill in bringing literary D.It's in a wrong direction. inspiration to life through art. 红对勾·讲与练 448 高三英语RJIndus civilization,comprising the most ancient planned city on the Indian subconti- nent'”可知，摩亨佐·达罗墙址是“印度河 文明杰出的证明”，其中包括“印度次大陆上 最古老的规划城市”。由此可见，其在历史 和建筑方面意义重大，故选D。 2.A词义猜测题。根据画线词下文举例提到 的举措“bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork”并结合生活常识可知，引进抽水 机和修补砖墙是为了减轻洪水带来的损害， 故A项与画线词的意思最为接近。 3.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 "While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites”、“flooding could bring a seri- ous risk to the site”和最后一段中的“concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger'”可知，资金不足、洪 水严重等情况让Abbasi和Sangah担忧摩亨 佐·达罗会被列入濒危世界遗产名录。由 此可知，目前的修补工作局面令人担忧，故 选B 4.D主旨大意题。新闻报道的主题一般在文 章的开头。根据第一段中的“One of the world's oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan'”可知，本文主要介绍了巴基斯坦 的联合国教科文组织世界遗址摩亨佐·达 罗被洪水严重破坏，故D项适合作本文的 标题。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通 过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态 系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生 态平衡中的重要作用。 5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中 "Elkhorn Slough...weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.”可知，海獭的消失导 致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D项。 6.D词句猜测题。画线词前文“By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.”说明水徽通 过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生，从而 推知画线词应为“复苏”的意思，与D项同 义。故选D项。 7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“My hon- est reaction...our livelihoods and our proper- ties.”可知，作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是 为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪 水灾害等。故选C项。 8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the sea otter population...in preserving ecological harmony.”可知，文章通过展示海獭对沿海 生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间 相互联系的信息。故选B项 Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 要讲述了一位父亲在饭店一边吃饭，一边和儿 子玩耍并照顾他。一对夫妇看到这一场景，很 感动，并主动给他们提供了餐费。这位父亲决 定将这份爱心传递下去，并在将来让他的儿子 知道善举的意义。 1.D根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him”可知，他做着平常的事 情。故选D项。unusual不寻常的；rare稀 少的；big大的；regular平常的。 2.C句意：但之后他注意到有一对夫妇盯着 他看。根据下文“from the couple”可知， 2网勾·讲与练·高三英语RJ 对夫妇盯着他看。故选C项。stranger陌生 人；woman女人；couple夫妇；waiter服 务生。 3.B句意：他很困惑。根据上文“But then he noticed a_2_staring at him.”以及下文 “What is going on?”可知，Smith很困惑，不知 道对方为什么盯着他看。故选B项。embar-- rassed尴尬的；confused困惑的；worried担优忧 的：scared惊恐的。 4.C句意：他们一直对我微笑。根据下文 "the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知，这对夫妇-一 直对着Smith微笑。故选C项。shout减叫： aim旨在；smile微笑；get获得。 5.A句意：事实证明，陌生人只是很高兴看到 一个父亲和他的儿子在一起，他们在观看这 段关系时感觉受到了鼓舞。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知，此处是对上文Smith 的疑惑作出解释，阐述事实真相，turn out'“结 果是，证明是”符合语境。故选A项。tum on打开；strike out开始行动；goon继续。 6.A句意同上。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating" 可知，这对夫妇看到Smith和儿子在一起，父 子之间关系融治的场景让他们受到鼓舞。 故选A项。relationship关系；appreciation感 激；friendship友谊；instruction指示。 7.B句意：服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留下 的纸条，上面写着他是一个多么伟大的父 亲，他们想给他留一些钱当作餐费。根据下 文“saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 8 for his meal"以及“‘Today your meal is on my wife and me,’it read.”可知，服务员给了他一张 这对夫妇留下的纸条。故选B项。bil账 单；note短笺，纸条；excuse借口；notice 通知。 8.B句意同上。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知，这对夫妇想 给Smith留一些现金来请客。故选B项。 credit信用；cash现金；paper纸；fortune运气。 9.A句意：好好享受和孩子在一起的时光。 根据上文“Smith brought his three-month-old son out for breakfast one day.He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating, and just doing his1_thing.”可知，这对夫 妇让Smith好好享受和孩子在一起的时光。 故选A项。enjoy享受；share分享；protect保 护：cheer欢呼a 10.D句意：对Smith来说，这是一个快乐的 时刻，让他感到被认可，感觉自己被关注 了。根据上文“staring at him”可知，Smith 被这对夫妇关注了。故选D项。los丢 失；expose暴落；wrong不公正地对待；see 看到，关注。 11.A句意：他被这种愤概感动了，并指出他 在成长过程中父亲是缺位的，所以陪伴儿 子对他来说非常重要。根据上文“he didn't have a father figure growing up”可知，Smith 在成长过程中父亲是缺位的，所以陪伴儿 子对他来说非常重要。故选A项。signifi- cant重要的；occasional偶尔的；grateful感 激的；influential有影响力的。 12.D句意：他写道，当他的儿子长大后，他会 和他分享这个故事，他想教他善良和回报 的力量。设空处指代上文所讲的这个故 -552- 事。当他的儿子长大后，Smith会和他分享 这个故事。故选D项。idea观点；breakfast 早餐；joy快乐；story故事。 13.C句意同上。根据上文“he wants to teach him kindness”以及下文“of giving back”和 "I get blessed-I want to 15 someone else.”可知，他想教给儿子善良和回报的力 量。故选C项。feeling感觉；comfort安 慰；power力量；consequence结果。 14.B句意：我要确保我把爱传递出去。根据 下文“I get blessed--I want to15some one else..”可知，Smith要确保自己把善意与 爱传递出去。故选B项。carry it through 坚持到底；pay it forward将接受的恩惠传 递下去；make it up和解；put it down放下。 15.C句意：我得到了祝福—我想祝福别 人a根据上文“I get blessed'”可知，Smith得 到了别人的祝福，所以他也想祝福别人。 故选C项。approach接近；address演讲； bless祝福；watch观看。 课时作业8 WILDLIFE PROTECTION I.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究。研究 发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明 转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，以更 好地保护昆虫。 1.C词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Popu lar theories...a more convincing answer'”可知， 对子昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这 一问题没有标准答案，故可推知画线短语所 在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周 围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，故推 测画线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”， 与Defined accurately意义相近。故选Ca 2.C细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，把背 部倾向亮处会让昆虫辨别向上的方向，人工 照明的出现让飞峨认为灯光的方向是“上” 即它们失去了分辨哪个方向是“上”的能力， 这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转。敌选C。 3.A推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知 这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变 人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好 地保护昆虫。故选A。 4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一项对昆 虫夜晚趋光的研究。研究发现昆虫被进化 困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我 们可以改变人造光的方向，以更好地保护昆 虫。所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住 昆虫”符合文章大意。故选B。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲 述了在2023年，美国自然保护协会在堪萨斯州 和新墨西哥州的牧场推出了两个为期5年的 虚拟围栏试点项目，随后说明了虚拟牧场的工 作原理，及其对牧场和管理的好处，最后文展 望了该项目的前景。 5.B推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本 段主要说的是虚拟围栏的优势。故选B项。 6.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“If the cow proceeds..should rejoin its group.”可知，牛 收到轻微电击的时候表明它应该返回了。 故选A项。 7.A细节理解题。根据第四段中“For eco- logical health...be time-consuming and pains taking..”可知，要完成这个周期需要大量的 努力。故选A项。 8.B观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Current- ly,the costs of virtual fencing...help address climate change and biodiversity loss'”可知，Mr Burnidge既提到了虚拟牧场的优点，还提到 了它费用高昂的缺点，所以他对该项目的态 度是客观的。故选B项」 Ⅱ语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 要讲述了顾恺之在绘画、文学和哲学方面的成 就和影响，以及他的作品《洛神赋图》的剑作背 景和艺术价值。 1.a考查冠词。句意：在这一时期，东晋画家 顾恺之是-个不可忽视的人物。figure意为 “人物”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，且表泛 指，故用不定冠词修饰，figure的发音以辅音 音素开头，故用a修饰。敌填aa 2.occupied/occupies考查动词时态。句意： 顾恺之于公元348年出生于江苏无锡，在中 国文学史上占有重要地位。根据and可知， occupy和前文的was并列，作本句谓语，用 一般过去时，也可以理解为现在在中国文学 史上占有重要地位，用一般现在时。故填 occupied/occupies。 3.extremely考查副词。句意：同时，他对名 利极不感兴趣，以“痴黠各半”的哲学生活， 并被授予“三绝”称号。空处修饰空后的形 容词，用副词。故填extremely 4.and考查连词。句意同上。分析句子成分 可知，空处前后文为并列关系，用and连接。 故填and。 5.to maintain考查非谓语动词。句意：顾恺 之是中国绘画发展中第一个影响深远的画 家，他不仅开创了人物画的基本模式，留下 了他最著名的作品《洛神赋图》，而且还提出 了“迁想妙得”、“以形写神”等影响千年的 绘画原则。此处是固定搭配the first..todo sh.,意为“第一个做某率的人”，故用不定式 作后置定语。故填to maintain 6.behind考查介词。句意同上。此处是固定 搭配leave behind,意为“留下”。故 填behind。 7.whose考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句 子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 principles of painting,在从句中作定语，用 whose引导。故填whose。 8.is rooted考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致 分析句子结构可知，root作本句谓语，和主语 The story of Nymph of the Luo River之间是被 动关系，用被动语态，描述的是事实，用一般 现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填s rooted 9.attractiveness考查名词。句意：据记载，曹 植写了一首名为《洛神赋》的诗，描述了一位 魅力非凡的女神。空前是形容词，所以空处 应填名词作宾语，用attractive的名词形式是 attractiveness,表示“吸引力”，为不可数名 词。故填attractiveness。 l0.displaying考查非谓语动词。句意：他的 画展现了这首诗的灵魂，展现了女神独特 的优雅和迷人的魅力。本句已有谓语动词 exhibits,所以空处应用非谓语动词，display 和其逻辑主语His painting之间是主动关 系，应用现在分词。故填displaying。 课时作业9 THE INTERNET 是把种子“撒”到了院子里。故选B项。 seek寻找；spread撒，扩散；collect收集； I.阅读理解 remove清除。 A 2.D句意：“我不知道它们是否会生根，”我 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主 告诉他，“但值得一试。”根据常识以及下文 要介绍了人工智能在教育行业的应用与限制 中的“While we waited for our grass to grow 及其未来在教育行业的发展。 or not'”可知，作者他们在等待着看草是否会 1.C细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Many 生长，所以此处指的是不知道种子会不会 parents confused...this sector remains digitally “生根”。故选D项。remain仍然是；last持 behind.”可知，很多父母对于孩子接受教育 续；dry使变干；root使生根。 的方式没有感到担忧，因为在课堂学习这一 3.C句意：就像我们决定搬到亚利桑那州的 领域，数字化仍然很落后。故选C。 乡村一样。根据上文中的“‘I have no idea if 2.B词义猜测题。画线词所在部分“who har they will 2,'I told him,'but it's worth ness AI'”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ed- a shot.,"可知，作者在不知道种子是否会生 ucation specialists,结合下文“will eventually 根的情况下决定把种子撒在院子里，结合 win over generalists such as OpenAI and other Just like可知，此处指的是搬到亚利桑那州 tech firms eyeing the education business”可推 的“决定”。故选C项。need需要；intention 知，教有专家要利用AI才能最终战胜多面 意图；decision决定；agreement同意。 手和其他关注教育事业的科技公司。故画4.A句意：在我们的新房子附近有一座出租 线词harness意为“利用”，与use同义。故 给游客的迷人小屋。根据上文中的“Near 选B。 our new house sat a charming cottage”可知， 3.A推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Bringing 在作者的新家附近有一个迷人小屋，由此可 AI to education...on digital learning tools." 知，该小屋是“租”给游客的。故选A项。 知，许多老师没有得到良好的培训，以帮助 rent租；give给予；sell卖；introduce介绍a 他们使用数字化的教学工具，这妨碍了人工 5.D句意：我得到了一份照看小屋的工作。 智能进入教学领域。所以目前阻碍人工智 根据上文中的“I got a job offer'”可知，作者 能进入课堂的主要因素是很多老师在技术 得到了一份工作，结合语境可知此处指的是 上没有准备好。故选A。 “照看”小屋。故选D项。green绿化； 4.D推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章 advertise做广告；fill up填满；look after 第-段中“Can artificial intelligence boost the 照看」 digital sector of classroom?ChatGPT-like gen- 6.B句意：我在酒店工作多年，所以当有机会 erative AI is generating excitement for provi- 时，我就欣然接受了。根据上文中的“I got a ding personalized tutoring to students.By job offer to5 the cottage.”可知，作者得 May,New York had let the bot back into 到了一份照看小屋的工作，由此可知，此处 classrooms.”可知，本文探讨了人工智能在 指的是照看小屋的工作“机会”。故选B项。 教育行业的应用前景，并讨论了该应用的困 help帮助；chance机会；service服务； 难和希望，因此本篇文章最有可能选自一份 accommodation住宿。 AI在教育领域的评论。故选D。 7.D句意：我祈祷这将是一次正确的搬迁。 B 根据语境和下文中的“that it would be a right 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介 move”可知，作者一家搬到新家，到处是不熟 绍了经济学家Erik就OpenAI等新兴人工智能 悉的环境，由此可推断，此处应为“祈祷”这 公司所触发的新人工智能对人类未来可能产 是一次正确的搬迁。故选D项。pretend假 生的影响的研究。 装；decide决定；understand理解；pray 5.B细节理解题。根据第二段“In this new 祈祷。 wave...who benefit the most..”可知，在新的8.C句意：在等待看草长出来或长不出来的 人工智能时代受益最多的是经验不足的新 时候，我们通过努力逐渐适应了我们的新房 人。故选B项。 子。根据上文中的“While we waited for our 6.B推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course.. grass to grow-or not'”可知，作者一家在等着 wildly rich.”可知，Erik赞同的观点是巨型人 看草能否长出来，这应该是一个缓慢的过 工智能公司将成为未来新人工智能系统世 程，由此可推断，此处指的是作者他们“逐渐 界的赢家。故选B项。 地”适应新房子。敌选C项。naturally自然 7.C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了新人工智 地；hardly几乎不；gradually逐渐地；tempo- 能对人类未来可能产生的影响，敌C项“人 rarily暂时地a 工智能的影响”适合作文章标题。故选9.A句意：我们把它变成了一个舒适的家，尽 C项。 管前院的情况不确定，现在还是光秃秃的。 Ⅱ.完形填空 根据上文中的“While we waited for our grass 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主 to grow-一or not'”以及下文中的“in the front 要讲述的是作者搬家的经历让作者意识到：在 yard,which was still bare now”可知，此处指 新的生活篇章，等待着人们的是美好。 的是作者他们在前院撒的草种还没有长出 1.B句意：我和文夫把种子撒满了新房前脏 来，现在还是光秃秃的，由此可知，此处应为 乱的院子。根据常识和上文中的“I found a “不确定性”。故选A项。uncertainty不确 brown bag outside after our move. 定性；potential潜力；danger危险；untidiness 'Grass Seed,’it said in big letters.”以及下 不整齐。 文中的“I have no idea if they will2_,'Il0.C句意：与此同时，小屋里的许多客人成 told him,‘but it's worth a shot..,”可知，作者 了常客，我也和他们变得很熟了。根据上 搬到一个新房子时，看到一包草种子，所以 文中的“Near our new house sat a charming 此处指的是虽不知道是否能长出草来，但还 cottage,which was4 to tourists..”可知. -553- 参考答案☑。