专题04 非谓语动词（寒假复习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题04 非谓语动词（主/宾/表） 知 识 精 讲 考点一：非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 其表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词 动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 考点二：非谓语动词作主语和表语 (一)不定式(to do)作主语和表语 1．不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。 若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。 eg. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. 不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。 2．不定式作表语的情况： ①表示预定要发生的动作； ②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语； ③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，多用不定式作表语。 eg. His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 ★特别提醒★ 不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。 eg. What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English.　 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 (二)动名词(doing)作主语和表语 1．动名词(doing)作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。 动名词(doing)作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常可互换位置。 eg. Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。 2．常用于动名词(doing)作主语放在句末，开头用it作形式主语的句型： ①It’s a waste of time doing...； ②It’s no use/good doing...； ③It is useless doing.../There is no use doing... eg. It’s no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。★特别提醒★ 不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 eg. To master a foreign language requires a lot of practice. 掌握一门外语需要大量的练习。 Collecting stamps has been his hobby for over ten years. 集邮已经是他十多年的爱好了。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 【Group 1】 1. (2024・江苏南京高三一模) ______ (form) a good habit is beneficial to our lifelong development. 2. (2023・浙江杭州高三二模) It is no use ______ (complain) without taking any actual action. 3. (2025・山东济南高三质检) Her goal is ______ (win) the first prize in the coming English competition. 4. (2024・湖北武汉高三联考) ______ (solve) this difficult problem needs patience and careful analysis. 5. (2023・四川成都高三摸底) It is important for us ______ (master) at least one foreign language. 6. (2024・湖南长沙高三月考) What he enjoys most is ______ (play) basketball with his teammates after school. 7. (2025・河南郑州高三一模) ______ (attend) the lecture on time shows your respect for the speaker. 8. (2023・广东广州高三二模) ______ (invite) to attend the international academic conference is a great honor. 9. (2024・安徽合肥高三质检) Our duty is ______ (protect) the environment from being polluted. 10. (2025・山东青岛高三二模) It is a great pleasure ______ (invite) to attend the annual art festival of the city. 【Group 2】 11. (2024・北京海淀高三一模) It is our responsibility ______ (take) care of the elderly in our community. 12. (2023・天津和平高三二模) ______ (travel) around the world has always been his dream since childhood. 13. (2025・陕西西安高三月考) The most important thing is ______ (stay) calm when an emergency happens. 14. (2024・辽宁沈阳高三联考) It is no good ______ (lie) to your parents about your study situation. 15. (2023・吉林长春高三摸底) ______ (save) energy and reduce pollution is everyone’s duty. 16. (2024・黑龙江哈尔滨高三质检) What makes me feel satisfied is ______ (help) those who are in trouble. 17. (2025・江西南昌高三一模) It surprised us all ______ (find) out that the little girl could speak three languages. 18. (2023・广西南宁高三二模) ______ (praise) by the teacher in class encourages students to work harder. 19. (2024・云南昆明高三月考) My plan for the summer vacation is ______ (volunteer) at a local animal shelter. 20. (2025・贵州贵阳高三联考) It is worthwhile ______ (spend) time reading classic literature. 考点三：非谓语动词作宾语 1．只接不定式(to do)作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望， 拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage, care, pretend 主动答应选计划， 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan； agree, ask/beg, help eg. She determined to study abroad after graduating from high school. 她决心高中毕业后出国留学。 2．只接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词及短语：★特别提醒★ (1)此外afford, happen(碰巧), wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 eg. I happened to meet my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday. 昨天我在超市碰巧遇见了我的小学老师。 (2)动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语 eg. The guide showed us where to take (take) the best photos of the scenic spot. 导游告诉我们在哪里能拍出这个景点最好看的照片。 考虑建议盼原谅， 承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon； admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练， 否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/ appreciate 禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡 forbid/avoid, imagine, risk； can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape eg. The climbers risked losing their lives to reach the top of the mountain. 登山者冒着生命危险登上山顶。 ★特别提醒★ allow, permit, forbid, advise后需加动名词(doing)作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补。即allow/permit/forbid/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。 eg. The doctor advises drinking (drink) more warm water in winter. 医生建议冬天多喝温水。 The tour guide advised us to book (book) the tickets in advance. 导游建议我们提前订票。 She was advised to take (take) more exercise by her coach. 教练建议她多锻炼。 3．接不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)try to do 尽力做……；try doing 试着去做……； (2)mean to do打算做……；mean doing 意味着……； (3)regret to do遗憾要去做……；regret doing后悔做过……； (4)remember to do 记得去做……；remember doing记得做过……； (5)forget to do忘记去做……；forget doing 忘记做了…… eg. I meant to call you last night, but I fell asleep accidentally. 我昨晚本打算给你打电话的，却不小心睡着了 Missing this train means waiting for another two hours. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等两个小时。 ★特别提醒★ 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 eg. The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. (clean与the window之间存在动宾关系) He needs to leave at once. (leave与he之间不存在动宾关系) 4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词(doing)形式，不能用动词不定式。 常见的含有介词的动词短语：be/get used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于…), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。 此外，介词后跟动名词的结构：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；have fun (in) doing sth. eg. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 　 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students. 我现在与学生们打交道和我过去航海一样开心。 ★特别提醒★ (1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。 eg. We had no choice but to wait (wait). 我们除了等待之外别无选择。 I could do nothing except agree (agree). 我除了同意，什么都做不了。 (2) but后总跟省略不定式符号to的短语：do nothing but...只能……； cannot help but...禁不住……；cannot but...不得不……；cannot choose but...只得…… ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 【Group 1】 1. (2024・江苏苏州高三一模) The teacher advised ______ (finish) the project within this week. 2. (2023・浙江温州高三二模) He can’t afford ______ (buy) such an expensive watch with his current salary. 3. (2025・山东潍坊高三质检) We are looking forward to ______ (invite) to the opening ceremony of the new library. 4. (2024・湖北襄阳高三联考) She pretended ______ (read) a book when her mother entered the room. 5. (2023・四川绵阳高三摸底) The workers demanded ______ (pay) a reasonable salary for their hard work. 6. (2024・湖南株洲高三月考) He suggested ______ (take) a different route to avoid the traffic jam. 7. (2025・河南洛阳高三一模) She hopes ______ (elect) as the monitor of her class because she is responsible. 8. (2023・广东惠州高三二模) I don’t mind ______ (help) you with your English homework after school. 9. (2024・安徽芜湖高三质检) The manager decided ______ (send) some employees to receive professional training abroad. 10. (2025・福建泉州高三联考) He admitted ______ (praise) by the headmaster for his excellent performance in the competition. 【Group 2】 11. (2024・北京朝阳高三一模) It is necessary for us ______ (inform) of any change in the plan in advance. 12. (2023・天津南开高三二模) She enjoys ______ (listen) to classical music while she is doing housework. 13. (2025・陕西宝鸡高三月考) The students are eager ______ (attend) the lecture given by the famous scientist. 14. (2024・辽宁大连高三联考) The rule forbids ______ (use) mobile phones during the exam. 15. (2023・吉林长春高三摸底) He plans ______ (take) a trip to Yunnan during the coming summer vacation. 16. (2024・黑龙江大庆高三质检) We appreciate ______ (give) the opportunity to participate in this international exchange program. 17. (2025・江西赣州高三一模) He managed ______ (solve) the difficult math problem with the help of his teacher. 18. (2023・广西南宁高三二模) The company permits ______ (park) cars in the designated area near the entrance. 19. (2024・云南昆明高三月考) She refused ______ (accompany) by her parents when she went to college. (2025・贵州遵义高三联考) I regret ______ (tell) you that the tickets for the concert have all been sold out. 高 考 在 线 【Group 1】 1. (2023・新课标 I 卷改编) ______ (learn) a foreign language well is of great importance to our future career. 2. (2022・全国乙卷改编) It is worthwhile ______ (spend) time on reading classic works of literature. 3. (2021・新高考 I 卷改编) Her ambition is ______ (admit) to a top university to study artificial intelligence. 4. (2020・全国 I 卷改编) The boy pretended ______ (read) when his father came into the room. 5. (2019・全国 II 卷改编) ______ (expose) to sunlight for too long will do harm to people’s skin. 6. (2023・浙江卷改编) He can’t afford ______ (buy) the luxury watch with his monthly salary. 7. (2022・北京卷改编) It is important for teenagers ______ (develop) a good habit of reading. 8. (2021・天津卷改编) What he enjoys most is ______ (play) basketball with his friends after school. 9. (2020・浙江卷改编) We appreciate ______ (give) the chance to participate in the international science competition. 10. (2019・北京卷改编) The main task of the volunteers is ______ (help) the people in need to improve their living conditions. 【Group 2】 11. (2023・新课标 II 卷改编) It is no use ______ (complain) about the result without taking any actual action. 12. (2022・新高考 II 卷改编) ______ (solve) this complex problem needs patience and careful analysis. 13. (2021・全国甲卷改编) The manager demanded ______ (tell) about the progress of the project every week. 14. (2020・全国 III 卷改编) My plan for the winter vacation is ______ (volunteer) at a local animal shelter. 15. (2019・全国 I 卷改编) ______ (invite) to attend the opening ceremony is a great honor for our school. 16. (2023・天津卷改编) She suggested ______ (hold) a class meeting to discuss the travel plan. 17. (2022・浙江卷改编) It surprised us all ______ (find) out that the little girl could speak three foreign languages. 18. (2021・北京卷改编) What makes him happy is ______ (receive) the praise from his teacher. 19. (2020・天津卷改编) He regretted not ______ (get) the chance to meet his favorite singer. 20. (2019・浙江卷改编) It is a privilege ______ (elect) as the representative of the students’ union. 综合提升练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. ______ (explore) nature and its hidden secrets can enrich our knowledge and inspire our curiosity. For senior high school students, the primary task is 2. ______ (master) basic academic skills and form good learning habits. However, some teenagers quit 3. ______ (attend) after-school courses simply because they feel stressed. It is no use 4. ______ (argue) with parents about trivial things; instead, we should learn to communicate calmly. Our head teacher once said that her greatest satisfaction was 5. ______ (witness) her students grow into responsible individuals. What amazes us most is that a group of students hope 6. ______ (select) as members of the school volunteer club. It is a precious opportunity 7. ______ (elect) as the monitor of the class, which requires patience and a strong sense of responsibility. Many students admit that they expect 8. ______ (support) by teachers and classmates when facing difficulties in study. Besides, 9. ______ (praise) for excellent performance in the English speech contest will encourage more students to take part in such activities. Finally, we all believe that the key to achieving our dreams is 10. ______ (make) constant efforts and never giving up halfway. 5 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非谓语动词（主/宾/表） 知 识 精 讲 考点一：非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 其表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词 动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 考点二：非谓语动词作主语和表语 (一)不定式(to do)作主语和表语 1．不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。 若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。 eg. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. 不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。 2．不定式作表语的情况： ①表示预定要发生的动作； ②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语； ③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，多用不定式作表语。 eg. His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 ★特别提醒★ 不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。 eg. What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English.　 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 (二)动名词(doing)作主语和表语 1．动名词(doing)作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。 动名词(doing)作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常可互换位置。 eg. Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。 2．常用于动名词(doing)作主语放在句末，开头用it作形式主语的句型： ①It’s a waste of time doing...； ②It’s no use/good doing...； ③It is useless doing.../There is no use doing... eg. It’s no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。★特别提醒★ 不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 eg. To master a foreign language requires a lot of practice. 掌握一门外语需要大量的练习。 Collecting stamps has been his hobby for over ten years. 集邮已经是他十多年的爱好了。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 【Group 1】 1. (2024・江苏南京高三一模) ______ (form) a good habit is beneficial to our lifelong development. 答案：To form / Forming 解析：设空处作主语，不定式表具体 / 未来的动作，动名词表泛指 / 习惯性的动作，二者均可；谓语动词 is 为单数形式。 2. (2023・浙江杭州高三二模) It is no use ______ (complain) without taking any actual action. 答案：complaining 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的固定句型 It is no use doing sth.（做某事是没用的），it 指代后面的动名词短语，故填 complaining。 3. (2025・山东济南高三质检) Her goal is ______ (win) the first prize in the coming English competition. 答案：to win 解析：设空处作表语，用来解释说明主语 goal 的具体内容，不定式作表语可表将要发生的目标，故填 to win。 4. (2024・湖北武汉高三联考) ______ (solve) this difficult problem needs patience and careful analysis. 答案：Solving / To solve 解析：设空处作主语，动名词表泛指的动作，不定式表具体的动作，均符合语法规则；谓语动词 needs 为单数形式。 5. (2023・四川成都高三摸底) It is important for us ______ (master) at least one foreign language. 答案：to master 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的常用句型 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是…… 的），it 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语，故填 to master。 6. (2024・湖南长沙高三月考) What he enjoys most is ______ (play) basketball with his teammates after school. 答案：playing 解析：设空处作表语，与主语 what 从句（表 “喜欢的事”）内容一致，动名词作表语表习惯性动作，故填 playing。 7. (2025・河南郑州高三一模) ______ (attend) the lecture on time shows your respect for the speaker. 答案：Attending / To attend 解析：设空处作主语，动名词表泛指的行为，不定式表具体某次的动作，二者均符合语法；谓语动词 shows 为单数形式。 8. (2023・广东广州高三二模) ______ (invite) to attend the international academic conference is a great honor. 答案：Being invited 解析：设空处作主语，“被邀请” 为被动动作，需用动名词的被动形式 being done，谓语动词 is 为单数形式。 9. (2024・安徽合肥高三质检) Our duty is ______ (protect) the environment from being polluted. 答案：to protect 解析：设空处作表语，用来解释主语 duty 的具体内容，不定式作表语可表职责与义务，故填 to protect。 10. (2025・山东青岛高三二模) It is a great pleasure ______ (invite) to attend the annual art festival of the city. 答案：to be invited 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is + n. + to do sth.，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；“被邀请参加城市年度艺术节” 是被动动作，不定式需用被动形式 to be done，故填 to be invited。 【Group 2】 11. (2024・北京海淀高三一模) It is our responsibility ______ (take) care of the elderly in our community. 答案：to take 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is + n. + to do sth.，it 指代后面的不定式短语，表具体责任，故填 to take。 12. (2023・天津和平高三二模) ______ (travel) around the world has always been his dream since childhood. 答案：Traveling / To travel 解析：设空处作主语，动名词表泛指的梦想，不定式表具体的愿望，二者均可；谓语动词 has been 为单数形式。 13. (2025・陕西西安高三月考) The most important thing is ______ (stay) calm when an emergency happens. 答案：to stay 解析：设空处作表语，解释主语 the most important thing 的具体内容，不定式作表语表具体的行为建议，故填 to stay。 14. (2024・辽宁沈阳高三联考) It is no good ______ (lie) to your parents about your study situation. 答案：lying 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的固定句型 It is no good doing sth.（做某事没好处），it 指代动名词短语，故填 lying。 15. (2023・吉林长春高三摸底) ______ (save) energy and reduce pollution is everyone’s duty. 答案：Saving / To save 解析：设空处作主语，动名词表泛指行为，不定式表具体动作，均符合要求；谓语动词 is 为单数形式。 16. (2024・黑龙江哈尔滨高三质检) What makes me feel satisfied is ______ (help) those who are in trouble. 答案：helping / to help 解析：设空处作表语，动名词作表语表习惯性动作，不定式作表语表具体某次的动作，二者均符合语境。 17. (2025・江西南昌高三一模) It surprised us all ______ (find) out that the little girl could speak three languages. 答案：to find 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It surprised sb. to do sth.（做某事让某人惊讶），真正主语是不定式短语，故填 to find。 18. (2023・广西南宁高三二模) ______ (praise) by the teacher in class encourages students to work harder. 答案：Being praised 解析：设空处作主语，“被老师表扬” 是被动动作，需用动名词的被动形式 being done，谓语动词 encourages 为单数形式。 19. (2024・云南昆明高三月考) My plan for the summer vacation is ______ (volunteer) at a local animal shelter. 答案：to volunteer 解析：设空处作表语，解释主语 plan 的具体内容，不定式作表语可表计划、打算做的事，故填 to volunteer。 20. (2025・贵州贵阳高三联考) It is worthwhile ______ (spend) time reading classic literature. 答案：spending / to spend 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is worthwhile doing / to do sth.（做某事是值得的），动名词和不定式均可，故填 spending 或 to spend。 考点三：非谓语动词作宾语 1．只接不定式(to do)作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望， 拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage, care, pretend 主动答应选计划， 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan； agree, ask/beg, help eg. She determined to study abroad after graduating from high school. 她决心高中毕业后出国留学。 2．只接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词及短语：★特别提醒★ (1)此外afford, happen(碰巧), wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 eg. I happened to meet my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday. 昨天我在超市碰巧遇见了我的小学老师。 (2)动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语 eg. The guide showed us where to take (take) the best photos of the scenic spot. 导游告诉我们在哪里能拍出这个景点最好看的照片。 考虑建议盼原谅， 承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon； admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练， 否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/ appreciate 禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡 forbid/avoid, imagine, risk； can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape eg. The climbers risked losing their lives to reach the top of the mountain. 登山者冒着生命危险登上山顶。 ★特别提醒★ allow, permit, forbid, advise后需加动名词(doing)作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补。即allow/permit/forbid/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。 eg. The doctor advises drinking (drink) more warm water in winter. 医生建议冬天多喝温水。 The tour guide advised us to book (book) the tickets in advance. 导游建议我们提前订票。 She was advised to take (take) more exercise by her coach. 教练建议她多锻炼。 3．接不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)try to do 尽力做……；try doing 试着去做……； (2)mean to do打算做……；mean doing 意味着……； (3)regret to do遗憾要去做……；regret doing后悔做过……； (4)remember to do 记得去做……；remember doing记得做过……； (5)forget to do忘记去做……；forget doing 忘记做了…… eg. I meant to call you last night, but I fell asleep accidentally. 我昨晚本打算给你打电话的，却不小心睡着了 Missing this train means waiting for another two hours. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等两个小时。 ★特别提醒★ 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 eg. The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. (clean与the window之间存在动宾关系) He needs to leave at once. (leave与he之间不存在动宾关系) 4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词(doing)形式，不能用动词不定式。 常见的含有介词的动词短语：be/get used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于…), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。 此外，介词后跟动名词的结构：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；have fun (in) doing sth. eg. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 　 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students. 我现在与学生们打交道和我过去航海一样开心。 ★特别提醒★ (1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。 eg. We had no choice but to wait (wait). 我们除了等待之外别无选择。 I could do nothing except agree (agree). 我除了同意，什么都做不了。 (2) but后总跟省略不定式符号to的短语：do nothing but...只能……； cannot help but...禁不住……；cannot but...不得不……；cannot choose but...只得…… ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 【Group 1】 1. (2024・江苏苏州高三一模) The teacher advised ______ (finish) the project within this week. 答案：finishing 解析：advise 后接动名词作宾语，构成 advise doing sth. 结构，意为 “建议做某事”。 2. (2023・浙江温州高三二模) He can’t afford ______ (buy) such an expensive watch with his current salary. 答案：to buy 解析：afford 是只能接不定式作宾语的动词，构成 afford to do sth. 结构，意为 “负担得起做某事”。 3. (2025・山东潍坊高三质检) We are looking forward to ______ (invite) to the opening ceremony of the new library. 答案：being invited 解析：look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语；“我们” 和 “邀请” 是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式 being invited。 4. (2024・湖北襄阳高三联考) She pretended ______ (read) a book when her mother entered the room. 答案：to be reading 解析：pretend 后接不定式作宾语；此处强调妈妈进门时 “正在读书” 的状态，故用不定式的进行式 to be reading。 5. (2023・四川绵阳高三摸底) The workers demanded ______ (pay) a reasonable salary for their hard work. 答案：to be paid 解析：demand 后接不定式作宾语；“工人” 和 “支付薪水” 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be paid。 6. (2024・湖南株洲高三月考) He suggested ______ (take) a different route to avoid the traffic jam. 答案：taking 解析：suggest 后接动名词作宾语，构成 suggest doing sth. 结构，意为 “建议做某事”。 7. (2025・河南洛阳高三一模) She hopes ______ (elect) as the monitor of her class because she is responsible. 答案：to be elected 解析：hope 后接不定式作宾语；“她” 和 “选举” 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be elected。 8. (2023・广东惠州高三二模) I don’t mind ______ (help) you with your English homework after school. 答案：helping 解析：mind 后接动名词作宾语，构成 mind doing sth. 结构，意为 “介意做某事”。 9. (2024・安徽芜湖高三质检) The manager decided ______ (send) some employees to receive professional training abroad. 答案：to send 解析：decide 是只能接不定式作宾语的动词，构成 decide to do sth. 结构，意为 “决定做某事”。 10. (2025・福建泉州高三联考) He admitted ______ (praise) by the headmaster for his excellent performance in the competition. 答案：being praised 解析：admit 后接动名词作宾语；“他” 和 “表扬” 是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式 being praised。 【Group 2】 11. (2024・北京朝阳高三一模) It is necessary for us ______ (inform) of any change in the plan in advance. 答案：to be informed 解析：本句是 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 句型；“我们” 和 “通知” 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be informed。 12. (2023・天津南开高三二模) She enjoys ______ (listen) to classical music while she is doing housework. 答案：listening 解析：enjoy 后接动名词作宾语，构成 enjoy doing sth. 结构，意为 “喜欢做某事”。 13. (2025・陕西宝鸡高三月考) The students are eager ______ (attend) the lecture given by the famous scientist. 答案：to attend 解析：eager 后接不定式作宾语，构成 be eager to do sth. 结构，意为 “渴望做某事”。 14. (2024・辽宁大连高三联考) The rule forbids ______ (use) mobile phones during the exam. 答案：using 解析：forbid 后接动名词作宾语，构成 forbid doing sth. 结构，意为 “禁止做某事”。 15. (2023・吉林长春高三摸底) He plans ______ (take) a trip to Yunnan during the coming summer vacation. 答案：to take 解析：plan 是只能接不定式作宾语的动词，构成 plan to do sth. 结构，意为 “计划做某事”。 16. (2024・黑龙江大庆高三质检) We appreciate ______ (give) the opportunity to participate in this international exchange program. 答案：being given 解析：appreciate 后接动名词作宾语；“我们” 和 “给予机会” 是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式 being given。 17. (2025・江西赣州高三一模) He managed ______ (solve) the difficult math problem with the help of his teacher. 答案：to solve 解析：manage 后接不定式作宾语，构成 manage to do sth. 结构，意为 “设法做成某事”。 18. (2023・广西南宁高三二模) The company permits ______ (park) cars in the designated area near the entrance. 答案：parking 解析：permit 后接动名词作宾语，构成 permit doing sth. 结构，意为 “允许做某事”。 19. (2024・云南昆明高三月考) She refused ______ (accompany) by her parents when she went to college. 答案：to be accompanied 解析：refuse 后接不定式作宾语；“她” 和 “陪伴” 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be accompanied。 20. (2025・贵州遵义高三联考) I regret ______ (tell) you that the tickets for the concert have all been sold out. 答案：to tell 解析：regret to do sth. 意为 “遗憾地要做某事”，常接表告知、宣布的动词；此处表示 “遗憾地告诉你”，故填 to tell。 高 考 在 线 【Group 1】 1. (2023・新课标 I 卷改编) ______ (learn) a foreign language well is of great importance to our future career. 答案：Learning / To learn 解析：设空处作主语，动名词作主语表泛指的学习行为，不定式作主语表具体的学习目标，二者均可；谓语动词 is 为单数形式。 2. (2022・全国乙卷改编) It is worthwhile ______ (spend) time on reading classic works of literature. 答案：spending / to spend 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is worthwhile doing / to do sth.，it 指代后面的非谓语动词短语，故填 spending 或 to spend。 3. (2021・新高考 I 卷改编) Her ambition is ______ (admit) to a top university to study artificial intelligence. 答案：to be admitted 解析：设空处作表语，说明主语 ambition 的具体内容；“被顶尖大学录取” 为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be admitted。 4. (2020・全国 I 卷改编) The boy pretended ______ (read) when his father came into the room. 答案：to be reading 解析：设空处作宾语，pretend 后接不定式作宾语；此处强调父亲进门时 “正在读书” 的状态，故用不定式的进行式 to be reading。 5. (2019・全国 II 卷改编) ______ (expose) to sunlight for too long will do harm to people’s skin. 答案：Being exposed 解析：设空处作主语，“被暴露在阳光下” 是被动动作，需用动名词的被动形式 being done，故填 Being exposed。 6. (2023・浙江卷改编) He can’t afford ______ (buy) the luxury watch with his monthly salary. 答案：to buy 解析：设空处作宾语，afford 是只能接不定式作宾语的动词，构成 afford to do sth. 结构，故填 to buy。 7. (2022・北京卷改编) It is important for teenagers ______ (develop) a good habit of reading. 答案：to develop 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.，it 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语，故填 to develop。 8. (2021・天津卷改编) What he enjoys most is ______ (play) basketball with his friends after school. 答案：playing 解析：设空处作表语，与主语 what 从句内容一致，动名词作表语表习惯性动作，故填 playing。 9. (2020・浙江卷改编) We appreciate ______ (give) the chance to participate in the international science competition. 答案：being given 解析：设空处作宾语，appreciate 后接动名词作宾语；“我们” 和 “给予机会” 是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式 being given。 10. (2019・北京卷改编) The main task of the volunteers is ______ (help) the people in need to improve their living conditions. 答案：to help 解析：设空处作表语，说明主语 task 的具体内容，不定式作表语表职责和任务，故填 to help。 【Group 2】 11. (2023・新课标 II 卷改编) It is no use ______ (complain) about the result without taking any actual action. 答案：complaining 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的固定句型 It is no use doing sth.，it 指代后面的动名词短语，故填 complaining。 12. (2022・新高考 II 卷改编) ______ (solve) this complex problem needs patience and careful analysis. 答案：Solving / To solve 解析：设空处作主语，动名词表泛指的动作，不定式表具体的动作，二者均可作主语，谓语动词 needs 为单数。 13. (2021・全国甲卷改编) The manager demanded ______ (tell) about the progress of the project every week. 答案：to be told 解析：设空处作宾语，demand 后接不定式作宾语；“经理” 和 “告知进度” 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be told。 14. (2020・全国 III 卷改编) My plan for the winter vacation is ______ (volunteer) at a local animal shelter. 答案：to volunteer 解析：设空处作表语，说明主语 plan 的具体内容，不定式作表语表计划和打算，故填 to volunteer。 15. (2019・全国 I 卷改编) ______ (invite) to attend the opening ceremony is a great honor for our school. 答案：Being invited 解析：设空处作主语，“被邀请参加开幕式” 是被动动作，需用动名词的被动形式 being done，故填 Being invited。 16. (2023・天津卷改编) She suggested ______ (hold) a class meeting to discuss the travel plan. 答案：holding 解析：设空处作宾语，suggest 是只能接动名词作宾语的动词，构成 suggest doing sth. 结构，故填 holding。 17. (2022・浙江卷改编) It surprised us all ______ (find) out that the little girl could speak three foreign languages. 答案：to find 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It surprised sb. to do sth.，it 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语，故填 to find。 18. (2021・北京卷改编) What makes him happy is ______ (receive) the praise from his teacher. 答案：receiving / to receive 解析：设空处作表语，动名词作表语表泛指的动作，不定式作表语表具体的动作，二者均可。 19. (2020・天津卷改编) He regretted not ______ (get) the chance to meet his favorite singer. 答案：getting 解析：设空处作宾语，regret doing sth. 表示 “后悔做过某事”故填 getting。 20. (2019・浙江卷改编) It is a privilege ______ (elect) as the representative of the students’ union. 答案：to be elected 解析：考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is + n. + to do sth.；“被选为学生会代表” 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式 to be elected。 综合提升练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. ______ (explore) nature and its hidden secrets can enrich our knowledge and inspire our curiosity. For senior high school students, the primary task is 2. ______ (master) basic academic skills and form good learning habits. However, some teenagers quit 3. ______ (attend) after-school courses simply because they feel stressed. It is no use 4. ______ (argue) with parents about trivial things; instead, we should learn to communicate calmly. Our head teacher once said that her greatest satisfaction was 5. ______ (witness) her students grow into responsible individuals. What amazes us most is that a group of students hope 6. ______ (select) as members of the school volunteer club. It is a precious opportunity 7. ______ (elect) as the monitor of the class, which requires patience and a strong sense of responsibility. Many students admit that they expect 8. ______ (support) by teachers and classmates when facing difficulties in study. Besides, 9. ______ (praise) for excellent performance in the English speech contest will encourage more students to take part in such activities. Finally, we all believe that the key to achieving our dreams is 10. ______ (make) constant efforts and never giving up halfway. 答案与解析 1. 答案：Exploring 解析：设空处作主语，explore（探索）是外研版必修一核心词汇；动名词作主语表泛指行为，故填 Exploring。 2. 答案：to master 解析：设空处作表语，master（掌握）是外研版必修一词汇；不定式作表语说明主语 task 的具体内容，表目标，故填 to master。 3. 答案：attending 解析：设空处作宾语，attend（参加）是外研版必修一词汇；动词 quit 后接动名词作宾语，构成 quit doing sth.（放弃做某事），故填 attending。 4. 答案：arguing 解析：设空处作真正主语，argue（争论）是外研版必修二词汇；考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is no use doing sth.，故填 arguing。 5. 答案：witnessing 解析：设空处作表语，witness（见证）是外研版必修二词汇；动名词作表语与主语 satisfaction（抽象名词）内容一致，表泛指的感受，故填 witnessing。 6. 答案：to be selected 解析：设空处作宾语，select（挑选）是外研版必修一词汇；hope 后接不定式作宾语，“学生被选为志愿者” 是被动关系，故填 to be selected。 7. 答案：to be elected 解析：设空处作真正主语，elect（选举）是外研版必修二词汇；考查 it 作形式主语的句型 It is a precious opportunity to do sth.；“被选为班长” 是被动动作，故填 to be elected。 8. 答案：to be supported 解析：设空处作宾语，support（支持）是外研版必修一核心词汇；expect 后接不定式作宾语，“学生被老师和同学支持” 是被动关系，故填 to be supported。 9. 答案：Being praised 解析：设空处作主语，praise（表扬）是外研版必修一词汇；“因演讲比赛表现优异被表扬” 是被动动作，动名词的被动形式作主语，故填 Being praised。 10. 答案：to make / making 解析：设空处作表语，make（做出）是外研版必修一基础词汇；不定式作表语表具体的方法，动名词作表语表抽象的理念，二者均可，故填 to make 或 making。 2 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $