第03讲 选择性必修三Unit 3 Back to the past 教材知识新课预习（寒假预习讲义) 高二英语译林版

第03讲 Unit 3 Back to the past(选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：理解和掌握表语从句的用法及功能，把握历史文章的语篇结构和语言特征； 文化意识：了解历史事件，反思历史，珍爱和平，树立人类命运共同体意识； 思维品质：能运用事实来阐释观点，提高思维能力； 学习能力：通过观察、比较和总结等手段，概括语篇的文体、语言和结构的特点。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助，为了 [教材原句]Between 1405 and 1433，on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. 1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。 (1)on behalf of 只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人” (2)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么” (3)stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么” 2. load vt. & vi.装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 [教材原句]His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。 (1)load...with... 用……装载…… (2)take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑 (3)loads of＝a load of 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词) [联想发散] load 装载 unload 卸下 pack 把……打包 unpack 打开(包裹等)取出 cover 覆盖；遮蔽 uncover 打开……的盖子 fold 折叠；对折 unfold 打开；展开 3. strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强 [教材原句]Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。 (1)strength n. [C]长处；强项；[U]力量；体力 build up one's strength/body 强身健体 with all one's strength 用尽全力 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 (2)strong adj. 强壮的 4. dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 [教材原句]For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. 多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。 dismiss...as... 因认为……而不予以考虑 dismiss...from one's mind 从头脑中摒除……，不再考虑…… dismiss sb.from sth. 解除某人……职务 dismiss sb.for sth. 因某事解雇某人 5. acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 [教材原句]Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers. 郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。 (1)acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 It is (widely) acknowledged that... 人们(普遍)认为…… (2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；收件复函 in acknowledgement of 为感谢…… [名师点津]acknowledge 表示“承认做了某事”，其后可接动名词，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。 6. insist vi. & vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 [教材原句]Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。 insist on doing sth. 执意继续做 insist on/upon sth. 坚决要求 insist that... 坚持认为……；坚决要求…… [名师点津]insist that... (1)作“强调；坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气； (2)作“坚持要求，坚决主张”时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 7. panic n. 惊慌；恐慌vi. & vt. (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 [教材原句]The men on board were in panic. 船上的人们都陷入了恐慌。 (1)in panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 (2)panic...into doing sth. 使……惊慌地做某事 [名师点津]注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。 8. convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 [教材原句]Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. 哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。 (1)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb.that... 使某人相信…… (2)convinced adj. 确信的；坚信不疑的 be convinced of sth. 确信；坚信；深信 be convinced that... 相信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 9. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 [教材原句]The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was. 记录表明，来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。 (1)It astonishes sb.that... 令某人惊讶的是…… (2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (3)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 (4)astonishment n. 惊讶；惊异 to one's astonishment令某人吃惊的是 in astonishment 惊讶地，惊奇地 10. abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止；使放纵；使听任n. 放任；放纵 [教材原句]After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat.在接到弃船的命令后，路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。 (1)abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……；纵情于…… abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 尽情地；放纵地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to 沉湎于…… 11. confusion n. 困惑，混乱 [教材原句]In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack. 在袭击之后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人送去消息，称路易已经在袭击中遇害。 (1)in confusion 困惑地，困窘地；乱七八糟，处于混乱状态 (2)confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑，打乱，混淆 confuse...with... 把……和……混淆 (3)confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的 be/get confused about... 对……感到疑惑 (4)confusing adj. 难以理解的；使人困惑的 单元句型 1. with的宾语补足语 [教材原句]A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene. 一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行，船上有近2.8万人，场面十分壮观。 [名师点津] (1)在with复合结构中，现在分词作宾语补足语时强调动作正在进行，且宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 (2)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表示被动与完成，且宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，只表示动作已完成。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语时表示一个还未发生的动作。 2. 现在分词作状语 [教材原句]Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。 (2)现在分词作状语时，句子主语是现在分词动作的执行者，主语与现在分词是主动关系。 (3)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。 (4)一般情况下，现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 (2)现在分词(短语)充当结果状语时，常指自然而然的结果，不定式(短语)也可充当结果状语，常指出乎意料的结果。 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1．I’m very glad to put on a performance here behalf of our school. 2．A train (load) with goods, including daily necessities, machinery and equipment, left Taiyuan on Thursday morning for Mersin in southern Turkey. 3．Throughout Expo Osaka 2025, the China Pavilion has also hosted a wide range of cultural activities (strengthen) the understanding between China and the world. 4．These potential side effects, however rare they might occur, would be risky (dismiss) without considering the long-term well-being of the patients. 5．We her as an expert whose by the city inspired others. (acknowledge) 6．He on reading every day, and his has helped him accumulate a lot of knowledge. (insist)  7．The little boy (panic) when he lost sight of his mother in the crowded shopping mall. 8． (convince) that the results of the experiment were accurate, the scientists published their findings in a top journal. 9．The actor was staring at the note with an (astonish) look on his face. 10．Due to his terrible cough, he was advised to abandon (smoke). II.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 on behalf of　 insist on　 be loaded with in chaos contrary to　 allow for　 regardless of 1. The volunteers aim to help victims of disasters ________________ their race or nationality.   2. When arranging our work, we should ________________ unforeseen circumstances.   3. ________________ the Students’ Union, I’m writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history.   4. If your diet ________________ vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans, you’ll be getting a lot of fiber.   5. She ________________ being present at all the interviews although she was not herself.   Ⅲ.完成句子 1．All in all, studying abroad while for all. (根据句意完成句子) 2．The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. (根据句意填空) 3．刚刚传来的好消息使我们保持乐观。(keep＋宾语＋宾补) The good news that has just come . 4．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with＋宾语＋宾补) in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. 5．你可以想象，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，情况会很严重。(as引导非限制性定语从句；burn) , if your skin , it can be very serious. 单元语法 表语从句 考点1 that引导的表语从句 that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略。如果主句的主语是表示建议、命令等的名词(如advice，suggestion，proposal，order等)，那么表语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 考点2 whether引导的表语从句 whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if 不能引导表语从句。 考点3 连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which等引导表语从句时，除了在句子中起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。 考点4 连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how 等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式等状语，本身有词义。 考点5 as if/as though引导的表语从句 as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look, seem，sound，be，become，feel等后面。 考点6 表语从句的特殊句式 1. This/That/It is/was because...这/那是因为…… 句中because引导表语从句，this/that/it表示结果，从句表示原因。 2. This/That/It is/was why...这/那就是……的原因。 句中why引导表语从句，this/that/it表示原因，从句表示结果。 3. The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是…… 句中why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason，that引导表语从句。 【巩固练习】 1．Dark clouds are gathering. It looks it’s going to rain. 2．The reason why he is late for school is he missed the bus. 3．She often comes late. That’s she has a baby to take care of. 4．The most important person in my life is always supports me when I am in trouble. 5．The good news is this stormy period will not last. 6．You have improved your studying methods. That is you have made great progress in English. 7．For the British, the home is they regard as protection from the outside world. 8．The fact is our team has entered the final round. 9．The problem is we can solve it in an hour. 10．After a semester of observation and communication, that’s exactly the group of parents and students in Hangzhou has found about excellent class teachers. 单元写作 写一篇介绍历史书籍的文章 本单元的写作任务是介绍一篇历史书籍的文章。介绍历史书籍,首先要介绍书的内容,其次是写作特点、书的作用和影响以及你对书的评价和看法。总之,要从不同角度让读者对书籍有个全面的了解。 典题分析 　你校文学社将举办以“阅读流行历史书”为主题的征文活动，你打算投稿介绍流行历史书《明朝那些事儿》。请根据以下要点写一篇短文。 1.以通俗易懂的方式介绍历史，受众广泛； 2.利用故事和对比，生动形象； 3.推荐阅读。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： The Narrative History of the Ming Dynasty《明朝那些事儿》 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 The Narrative History of the Ming Dynasty attempts to keep a wider audience educated about history by presenting historical information in a way that makes it easy for people to understand. Not only does it allow us to empathize with historical figures in the face of difficulties, but it also makes us witness the bright future. The author adopts a natural and chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader. Meanwhile, what arouses readers interest is that he often uses stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures and events vividly. Loaded with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable. I strongly recommend you to read this book, which is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生写一篇短文介绍流行历史书《明朝那些事儿》。 【详解】1.词汇积累 试图做某事：attempt to do sth.→try to do sth. 说：present→reveal 有同感，起共鸣：empathize→resonate 极好的，极出色的：fantastic →excellent 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Loaded with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable. 拓展句：This type of history book  which is loaded with vivid descriptions and fun facts is highly readable,. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Not only does it allow us to empathize with historical figures in the face of difficulties, but it also makes us witness the bright future. (运用了not only…but also结构及倒装句型) [高分句型2] I strongly recommend you to read this book, which is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [写作迁移] 假定你是李华，在澳大利亚悉尼参观时，你在某书店购买了一本有关中国历史文物的书，你发现有些英文说明与事实不符。请你向该出版社写一封投诉信，内容包括： 1. 说明存在的问题; 2. 给予可行的建议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答; 3. 参考词汇：文物 historic artefact。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your favorable reply! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 考点1 on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助，为了 1．Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. (用适当的词填空) 2．I am working on a project behalf of my class about campus bullying (霸凌). 3． behalf of the Students’ Union, I’m writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. (用适当的词填空) 考点2 load vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 1．The truck is (load) with fresh fruits and vegetables. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．He took over the union when it was loaded debts. (用适当的词填空) 考点3 strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强 1．The friendship between the peoples of the two countries has (strengthen) through various means. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．China is committed to (strengthen) friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures (strengthen) the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, and promote the continuous improvement of ecological functions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点4 dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 1．The workman was disciplined by his company but not (dismiss). (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The servant (dismiss) for being lazy and dishonest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．He sat there while I made the case for his (dismiss). (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点5 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 1．With no solid evidence, the police couldn’t have him acknowledge (steal) the lady’s purse. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The CEO is reported (acknowledge) the company’s role in the environmental damage in the conference the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．It’s generally (acknowledge) that Professor Hawking is one of  the world’s greatest physicists. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点6 insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 1．Mary insisted that she (be) right but her mother insisted that she (say)sorry to Annie. （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．The doctor insisted that he (be) seriously ill and that he (operate) on immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．That is not love, and you know it. Why do you insist on (call) it love? (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点7 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 1．Yuan (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The summit is a example of China’s determination and effort to advance open-up and encourage high-quality partnerships with multinationals. (convincing) (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．So far there is no (convince) evidence that there exists life in outer space. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点8 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 1．Greatly my astonishment, the boy in the car accident could survived. (用适当的词填空) 2．Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers, she froze astonishment. (用适当的词填空) 3．She was to hear the news and stood there still.(astonish) (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点9 confusion n. 困惑，混乱 1．The little boy looked (confuse) while doing his math homework. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Learning a culture’s unspoken language is sometimes (confuse). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．People of my generation who lived through World War Ⅱ have vivid memories of (confuse) (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点10 现在分词作状语 1． (give) him a wrong address, I felt sorry that he couldn’t find his friend’s home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Global surface temperature last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average, (break) previous records by more than half a degree. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (judge) from his excited expression, he must have got good grades in the math exam. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点11 表语从句 1．The reason why she cried is she lost her favorite toy. (用适当的词填空) 2．The biggest problem is we can get enough money for the project. (用适当的词填空) 3．The truth, though, is could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. (用适当的词填空) 一、阅读理解 The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as ”the most beautiful river“ in the world. Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Carnio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes with life and colour. It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the “River of Five Colours”. Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural, Carnio Cristales’ colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water. Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget (预算) cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was overcrowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour. Today, Carnio Cristales still shines among Colombia’s most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year. 1．When is the best time to visit Carnio Cristales? A．In October. B．In March. C．In June. D．In January. 2．Why is Carnio Cristales colourful? A．The water is badly polluted. B．People add chemicals to it. C．A special plant lives in it. D．The weather is changeable there. 3．Why does Carnio Cristales return to a common river appearance for most of the year? A．The plants lose their colors due to heavy rainfall. B．The water becomes polluted during dry seasons. C．Insufficient (不足的) sunlight prevents the plants from changing color. D．Tourists remove the colorful plants for souvenirs. 4．What once caused the park to be closed? A．The wildlife problem. B．The poor service. C．Too much rubbish. D．Too many visitors. 二、阅读七选五 Cheerleading, a sport about organized cheering and dancing in support of a sports team, is one of Americaˈs oldest, but often undervalued sports. Many now connect the sport with energetic high school teams or professional teams on the sidelines. 1 There have been significant changes over time. Now widely seen as a female-led activity, cheerleading was led by males at first. In 1869, during the first American football match between Princeton University and Rutgers University, Princeton students celebrated their victory by yelling “Boom! Ah!” repeatedly. 2 By comparison, another story places its beginning at a game between Princeton University and the University of Minnesota on November 2, 1898. A medical student named Johnny Campbell took a loudspeaker, brought thousands of fans together, and led an organized series of cheers. 3 These yell leaders not only lifted fansˈ spirits, but also helped manage the crowds. By 1903, one of the first official all-male clubs was established. In 1923, the University of Minnesota admitted women into its cheering team, although men continued to control the sidelines for many years. As world wars broke out, large numbers of men entered the military. 4 They introduced new things such as acrobatics (杂技) and the now-characteristic pom-poms (绒球). Over the next decade, the organization of teams grew rapidly. In 1948, the National Cheerleaders Association was established and later national cheerleading teams also appeared. 5 Encouragingly, the International Olympic Committee finally confirmed it as a sport in 2021, paving the way for eventual Olympic participation. Today, cheerleading attracts over three million participants across the United States and continues to develop as both a sport and a cultural activity. A．But this image is not how it all began. B．Thus, the sport was forgotten for short periods. C．Therefore, women took up the unfilled positions. D．Many historians mark this event as the sportˈs birth. E．This change, however, was a turning point for the sport. F．Inspired by this, more US leader groups were soon formed. G．Despite these, cheerleading was officially unrecognized for long. 三、完形填空 When Memory is “Delayed” The sudden postponement of the film Unit 731, with vague official explanations, has sparked widespread disappointment and anger across social media — not toward the film itself, but toward those who attempted to 1 this historical memory through ignorant complaints and censorship. This delay is not merely a scheduling 2 ; it is a brutal interference with historical remembrance, yet another act of 3 by those who dare not confront the truth of history.   The atrocities committed by Japan’s Unit 731 have long been 4 by historical archives and countless testimonies. During World War II, this unit conducted horrific biological warfare experiments and live human 5 , treating people as nothing more than test subjects. Frostbite experiments, bacterial injections, vivisection — these acts, which 6 all moral boundaries, are not artistic exaggerations but well-documented historical facts. The victims of Unit 731 were mostly Chinese civilians and prisoners of war, their suffering and deaths forming an unhealed 7 in our collective national memory. To deny or downplay this history is not only a desecration of the dead but also an 8 toward the future.   It is worth noting that in recent years, there has been a surge in complaints and censorship 9 historical films. From City of Life and Death to The Eight Hundred, and now Unit 731, there seems to be an undercurrent attempting to prevent the Chinese people from 10 their historical trauma. These complainers often hide behind excuses like “avoiding ethnic conflict” or “maintaining harmony,” but in reality, they reveal their 11 of history and indifference to national dignity. History is not a doll to be dressed up as one pleases; the truth does not change just because it makes some people 12 . A nation that dares not face its pain can never truly stand tall. Those who try to erase historical memory through censorship are no different from Japan’s right-wing historical revisionists — both are 13 of memory, just in different forms.   Reverence for our martyrs must begin with an unwavering 14 to historical truth. The cotton fibers found in General Yang Jingyu’s stomach, the blood-stained farewell letter of Zhao Yiman, the remains of countless unnamed heroes — these are irrefutable witnesses to history. True patriotism does not mean shying away from national suffering but remembering it and 15 above it. 1．A．preserve B．suppress C．promote D．ignore 2．A．adjustment B．mistake C．error D．failure 3．A．bravery B．honesty C．cowardice D．wisdom 4．A．denied B．confirmed C．forgotten D．ignored 5．A．treatments B．examinations C．dissections D．operations 6．A．follow B．respect C．transcend D．establish 7．A．scar B．wound C．injury D．pain 8．A．responsibility B．irresponsibility C．response D．irresponsive 9．A．targeting B．praising C．ignoring D．creating 10．A．forgetting B．confronting C．celebrating D．denying 11．A．knowledge B．understanding C．ignorance D．awareness 12．A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．happy D．excited 13．A．creators B．protectors C．murderers D．keepers 14．A．opposition B．commitment C．objection D．rejection 15．A．falling B．rising C．staying D．lying 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Wall, one of the most famous 1 (landmark) in the world, stretches across the northern part of China like a huge dragon. With a total 2 (long) of over 21,000 kilometers, it is the longest man-made structure ever built. 3 (it) construction began as early as the 7th century BCE, during the Spring and Autumn Period, and continued through different dynasties — most notably the Qin Dynasty, 4 sections were connected to form a unified defense system, and the Ming Dynasty. Originally, the Great Wall 5 (build) for military defense: it protected ancient Chinese empires from attacks by nomadic groups from the north. Along the wall, there are watchtowers 6 (employ) to spot enemies and send signals, battlements, and fortresses used to station troops and store supplies. These features show the great 7 (wise) of ancient Chinese engineers and soldiers. Today, the Great Wall is no longer a military structure 8 a world-famous tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Every year, millions of visitors from home and abroad come to walk on its stone steps, climb its watchtowers, and enjoy 9 breathtaking views of mountains and valleys around it. Sections like Badaling and Mutianyu are especially popular. More than just a wall, the Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese history, culture, and national spirit. It stands 10 a reminder of the hard work and creativity of ancient Chinese people, and continues to tell the story of China to the world. 五、书信写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Selena来信表示对中国文学作品很感兴趣。请你给她回信，内容包括： 1．推荐一部中国文学作品；2．简要说明作品内容及推荐理由。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Selena, I’m pleased to hear about your interest in Chinese literature! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 六、书面表达 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Billy was 15 years old then. He grew up in a very poor neighborhood. No one in his family had gone to college before. Actually, few people around him had received higher education. They all struggled to live a good life. Therefore, Billy knew nothing about colleges or scholarships and he never thought he would go to college one day. Although he was a smart boy, he didn’t study hard at school and often got into trouble with other teenagers in his neighborhood. One day, while Billy was walking on the playground, a boy of his age started making fun of him. Then that boy pushed him hard and Billy fell onto the ground. Billy became so angry that he stood up and beat that boy. So a fight began. It happened that Billy’s English teacher Mr. Smith was walking nearby. He immediately ran to the boys to stop the fight. Billy was a bit worried because he knew his teacher was very strict with students. He was afraid his teacher would punish him. However, to his astonishment, his teacher didn’t do that. “Billy, let’s have a talk,” said his teacher. Billy, not knowing what his teacher wanted to do, was very worried. But he nodded. So they went to a bench nearby and sat down. After they sat down, Mr. Smith began, “Billy, I know you’re a smart boy, but you’re wasting your life now. Why don’t you study hard to go to college so that you can change your life and have a bright future?” Hearing that, Billy didn’t know what to say. He had never thought about it. Billy was in silence. Mr. Smith continued, “I know you may have never thought about going to college. But everything is possible. When I was at your age, I was a troublemaker just like you and never thought I’d be able to go to college, either. It was all because of the support and encouragement of Mr. Howard, my math teacher in high school.” 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: Then, Mr. Smith began to tell Billy his story. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Billy was greatly touched by Mr. Smith’s story. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 Unit 3 Back to the past(选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：理解和掌握表语从句的用法及功能，把握历史文章的语篇结构和语言特征； 文化意识：了解历史事件，反思历史，珍爱和平，树立人类命运共同体意识； 思维品质：能运用事实来阐释观点，提高思维能力； 学习能力：通过观察、比较和总结等手段，概括语篇的文体、语言和结构的特点。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助，为了 [教材原句]Between 1405 and 1433，on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. 1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。 (1)on behalf of 只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人” (2)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么” (3)stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么” 2. load vt. & vi.装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 [教材原句]His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。 (1)load...with... 用……装载…… (2)take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑 (3)loads of＝a load of 许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词) [联想发散] load 装载 unload 卸下 pack 把……打包 unpack 打开(包裹等)取出 cover 覆盖；遮蔽 uncover 打开……的盖子 fold 折叠；对折 unfold 打开；展开 3. strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强 [教材原句]Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。 (1)strength n. [C]长处；强项；[U]力量；体力 build up one's strength/body 强身健体 with all one's strength 用尽全力 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 (2)strong adj. 强壮的 4. dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 [教材原句]For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. 多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。 dismiss...as... 因认为……而不予以考虑 dismiss...from one's mind 从头脑中摒除……，不再考虑…… dismiss sb.from sth. 解除某人……职务 dismiss sb.for sth. 因某事解雇某人 5. acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 [教材原句]Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers. 郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。 (1)acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 It is (widely) acknowledged that... 人们(普遍)认为…… (2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；收件复函 in acknowledgement of 为感谢…… [名师点津]acknowledge 表示“承认做了某事”，其后可接动名词，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。 6. insist vi. & vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 [教材原句]Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。 insist on doing sth. 执意继续做 insist on/upon sth. 坚决要求 insist that... 坚持认为……；坚决要求…… [名师点津]insist that... (1)作“强调；坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气； (2)作“坚持要求，坚决主张”时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 7. panic n. 惊慌；恐慌vi. & vt. (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 [教材原句]The men on board were in panic. 船上的人们都陷入了恐慌。 (1)in panic 惊慌失措地 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 (2)panic...into doing sth. 使……惊慌地做某事 [名师点津]注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。 8. convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 [教材原句]Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. 哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印第安人。 (1)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb.that... 使某人相信…… (2)convinced adj. 确信的；坚信不疑的 be convinced of sth. 确信；坚信；深信 be convinced that... 相信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 9. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 [教材原句]The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was. 记录表明，来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。 (1)It astonishes sb.that... 令某人惊讶的是…… (2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (3)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 (4)astonishment n. 惊讶；惊异 to one's astonishment令某人吃惊的是 in astonishment 惊讶地，惊奇地 10. abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止；使放纵；使听任n. 放任；放纵 [教材原句]After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat.在接到弃船的命令后，路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。 (1)abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……；纵情于…… abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 尽情地；放纵地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to 沉湎于…… 11. confusion n. 困惑，混乱 [教材原句]In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack. 在袭击之后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人送去消息，称路易已经在袭击中遇害。 (1)in confusion 困惑地，困窘地；乱七八糟，处于混乱状态 (2)confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑，打乱，混淆 confuse...with... 把……和……混淆 (3)confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的 be/get confused about... 对……感到疑惑 (4)confusing adj. 难以理解的；使人困惑的 单元句型 1. with的宾语补足语 [教材原句]A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene. 一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的大海上航行，船上有近2.8万人，场面十分壮观。 [名师点津] (1)在with复合结构中，现在分词作宾语补足语时强调动作正在进行，且宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 (2)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表示被动与完成，且宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，只表示动作已完成。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语时表示一个还未发生的动作。 2. 现在分词作状语 [教材原句]Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。 (2)现在分词作状语时，句子主语是现在分词动作的执行者，主语与现在分词是主动关系。 (3)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。 (4)一般情况下，现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 (2)现在分词(短语)充当结果状语时，常指自然而然的结果，不定式(短语)也可充当结果状语，常指出乎意料的结果。 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1．I’m very glad to put on a performance here behalf of our school. 2．A train (load) with goods, including daily necessities, machinery and equipment, left Taiyuan on Thursday morning for Mersin in southern Turkey. 3．Throughout Expo Osaka 2025, the China Pavilion has also hosted a wide range of cultural activities (strengthen) the understanding between China and the world. 4．These potential side effects, however rare they might occur, would be risky (dismiss) without considering the long-term well-being of the patients. 5．We her as an expert whose by the city inspired others. (acknowledge) 6．He on reading every day, and his has helped him accumulate a lot of knowledge. (insist)  7．The little boy (panic) when he lost sight of his mother in the crowded shopping mall. 8． (convince) that the results of the experiment were accurate, the scientists published their findings in a top journal. 9．The actor was staring at the note with an (astonish) look on his face. 10．Due to his terrible cough, he was advised to abandon (smoke). 【答案】 1． On 2．loaded 3．to strengthen 4．to dismiss 5．acknowledged acknowledged acknowledgment 6．insists insistence 7．panicked 8．Convinced 9．astonished 10．smoking II.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 on behalf of　 insist on　 be loaded with in chaos contrary to　 allow for　 regardless of 1. The volunteers aim to help victims of disasters ________________ their race or nationality.   2. When arranging our work, we should ________________ unforeseen circumstances.   3. ________________ the Students’ Union, I’m writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history.   4. If your diet ________________ vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans, you’ll be getting a lot of fiber.   5. She ________________ being present at all the interviews although she was not herself.   【答案】 1.regardless of 2. allow for 3. On behalf of 4. is loaded with 5. insisted on Ⅲ.完成句子 1．All in all, studying abroad while for all. (根据句意完成句子) 2．The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. (根据句意填空) 3．刚刚传来的好消息使我们保持乐观。(keep＋宾语＋宾补) The good news that has just come . 4．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with＋宾语＋宾补) in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. 5．你可以想象，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，情况会很严重。(as引导非限制性定语从句；burn) , if your skin , it can be very serious. 【答案】 1． 【小题1】helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity 【小题2】strengthening China and building a shared future. 2．its headlights on 3．keeps us optimistic 4．With no one to turn to 5．As you can imagine gets burnt 单元语法 表语从句 考点1 that引导的表语从句 that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略。如果主句的主语是表示建议、命令等的名词(如advice，suggestion，proposal，order等)，那么表语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 考点2 whether引导的表语从句 whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if 不能引导表语从句。 考点3 连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which等引导表语从句时，除了在句子中起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。 考点4 连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how 等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式等状语，本身有词义。 考点5 as if/as though引导的表语从句 as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look, seem，sound，be，become，feel等后面。 考点6 表语从句的特殊句式 1. This/That/It is/was because...这/那是因为…… 句中because引导表语从句，this/that/it表示结果，从句表示原因。 2. This/That/It is/was why...这/那就是……的原因。 句中why引导表语从句，this/that/it表示原因，从句表示结果。 3. The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是…… 句中why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason，that引导表语从句。 【巩固练习】 1．Dark clouds are gathering. It looks it’s going to rain. 2．The reason why he is late for school is he missed the bus. 3．She often comes late. That’s she has a baby to take care of. 4．The most important person in my life is always supports me when I am in trouble. 5．The good news is this stormy period will not last. 6．You have improved your studying methods. That is you have made great progress in English. 7．For the British, the home is they regard as protection from the outside world. 8．The fact is our team has entered the final round. 9．The problem is we can solve it in an hour. 10．After a semester of observation and communication, that’s exactly the group of parents and students in Hangzhou has found about excellent class teachers. 【答案】 (1) as if/as though (2) that (3) because (4) whoever (5) that (6) why (7) what (8) that (9) whether (10) what 单元写作 写一篇介绍历史书籍的文章 本单元的写作任务是介绍一篇历史书籍的文章。介绍历史书籍,首先要介绍书的内容,其次是写作特点、书的作用和影响以及你对书的评价和看法。总之,要从不同角度让读者对书籍有个全面的了解。 典题分析 　你校文学社将举办以“阅读流行历史书”为主题的征文活动，你打算投稿介绍流行历史书《明朝那些事儿》。请根据以下要点写一篇短文。 1.以通俗易懂的方式介绍历史，受众广泛； 2.利用故事和对比，生动形象； 3.推荐阅读。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： The Narrative History of the Ming Dynasty《明朝那些事儿》 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 The Narrative History of the Ming Dynasty attempts to keep a wider audience educated about history by presenting historical information in a way that makes it easy for people to understand. Not only does it allow us to empathize with historical figures in the face of difficulties, but it also makes us witness the bright future. The author adopts a natural and chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader. Meanwhile, what arouses readers interest is that he often uses stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures and events vividly. Loaded with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable. I strongly recommend you to read this book, which is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生写一篇短文介绍流行历史书《明朝那些事儿》。 【详解】1.词汇积累 试图做某事：attempt to do sth.→try to do sth. 说：present→reveal 有同感，起共鸣：empathize→resonate 极好的，极出色的：fantastic →excellent 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Loaded with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable. 拓展句：This type of history book  which is loaded with vivid descriptions and fun facts is highly readable,. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Not only does it allow us to empathize with historical figures in the face of difficulties, but it also makes us witness the bright future. (运用了not only…but also结构及倒装句型) [高分句型2] I strongly recommend you to read this book, which is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [写作迁移] 假定你是李华，在澳大利亚悉尼参观时，你在某书店购买了一本有关中国历史文物的书，你发现有些英文说明与事实不符。请你向该出版社写一封投诉信，内容包括： 1. 说明存在的问题; 2. 给予可行的建议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答; 3. 参考词汇：文物 historic artefact。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your favorable reply! Yours sincerely, Li Hua Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a Chinese boy who paid a visit to a bookstore and bought a book on Chinese historic artefacts the other day. I am writing to express my complaint about the mistakes in your book introducing the historic artefacts. It comes as a shock that some obvious errors in the introduction of Chinese historic artefacts are found in the book. The symbolic significance differs between Chinese and western dragons, but there exist incorrect interpretations of them in a Chinese painting. It is preferable to organize experts to review this book and correct the mistakes in the book. I hope you can take my appeal into consideration. Looking forward to your favorable reply! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇应用文。在澳大利亚悉尼参观时，考生在某书店购买了一本有关中国历史文物的书，你发现有些英文说明与事实不符。请你向该出版社写一封投诉信 【详解】1.词汇积累： 表达：express→convey 震惊：shock→astonishment 购买：buy→purchase 希望：hope→wish 2.句式拓展： 同义句 原句：It comes as a shock that some obvious errors in the introduction of Chinese historic artefacts are found in the book. 拓展句：What shocks me is that there are some obvious errors in the introduction of Chinese historic artefacts in the book. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】I am Li Hua, a Chinese boy who paid a visit to a bookstore and bought a book on Chinese historic artefacts the other day.（运用了who 引导的定语从句） 【高分句型 2】I hope you can take my appeal into consideration.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 考点1 on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助，为了 1．Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：1405年至1433年间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。on behalf of是固定短语，意为“代表……”。故填of。 2．I am working on a project behalf of my class about campus bullying (霸凌). 【答案】on/ in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我正在代表我们班做一个关于校园欺凌的项目。on/in behalf of sb.，固定结构，意为“代表……”。故填on/in。 3． behalf of the Students’ Union, I’m writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】On 【详解】考查介词。句意：我代表学生会写信邀请您给我们做一个关于中国历史的演讲。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，构成固定短语“on behalf of”，意为“代表”，句首字母需大写。故填On。 考点2 load vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量 1．The truck is (load) with fresh fruits and vegetables. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】loaded 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：卡车装满了新鲜的水果和蔬菜。根据语境可知，主语The truck与动词load之间是被动关系，所以此处要用过去分词形式，与空前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填loaded。 2． (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：船队载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，先后对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，短语be loaded with意为“装载着”，load和the fleet逻辑上是被动关系，因此用load的过去分词形式，作状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Loaded。 3．He took over the union when it was loaded debts. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：他在工会负债累累的时候接管了它。be loaded with是固定短语，意为“被装满……”，因此空格处是介词with，此处表示工会负债累累，故填with。 考点3 strengthen vt. & vi. 加强，增强 1．The friendship between the peoples of the two countries has (strengthen) through various means. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】been strengthened 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：两国人民之间的友谊通过各种方式得到加强。空处应填谓语动词，由空前的has可知应用现在完成时，主语The friendship与strengthen之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填been strengthened。 2．China is committed to (strengthen) friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthening 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国致力于在和平共处五项原则的基础上加强同其他国家的友好合作。be committed to doing...意为“致力于做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填strengthening。 3．Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures (strengthen) the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, and promote the continuous improvement of ecological functions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to strengthen 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：Guan在青海省省会西宁举行的第二届国家公园论坛上说，中国采取了最严格的措施来加强对生态系统真实性和完整性的保护，促进生态功能的不断改善。从句中已有谓语动词“has adopted”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，中国采取了最严格的措施是为了加强对生态系统的保护，故此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。 考点4 dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 1．The workman was disciplined by his company but not (dismiss). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dismissed 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：这个工人受到了公司的处分，但没有被解雇。dismiss为动词，意为“解雇”，主语The workman与dismiss之间是被动关系，需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”；空前已有“was”和“not”，故空处填dismiss的过去分词形式dismissed。故填dismissed。 2．The servant (dismiss) for being lazy and dishonest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was dismissed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个仆人因为懒惰和不诚实而被解雇了。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语The servant和动词dismiss之间是被动关系，即“仆人被解雇”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The servant是单数，be动词使用was。故填was dismissed。 3．He sat there while I made the case for his (dismiss). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dismissal 【详解】考查名词。句意：我解雇他的时候，他就坐在那儿。此处应用名词dismissal作宾语，不可数，故填dismissal。 考点5 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 1．With no solid evidence, the police couldn’t have him acknowledge (steal) the lady’s purse. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stealing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，警察不能让他承认偷了那位女士的钱包。根据“acknowledge(承认)”和句意可知，这里要表达“承认偷了那位女士的钱包”。“承认做某事”用固定搭配“acknowledge doing sth.”，所以此处“steal”应用-ing形式，构成动名词，充当宾语。故填stealing。 2．The CEO is reported (acknowledge) the company’s role in the environmental damage in the conference the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have acknowledged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，这位首席执行官在几天前的会议上承认了公司在环境破坏方面的作用。“sb./sth. be reported to do sth.”是固定句型，用不定式作主语补足语，意为“据报道某人/某事……”；又因提示词acknowledge(承认)这一动作发生在“is reported”之前，所以应用不定式的完成式to have acknowledged。故填to have acknowledged。 3．It’s generally (acknowledge) that Professor Hawking is one of  the world’s greatest physicists. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】acknowledged 【详解】考查固定句型及被动语态。句意：人们普遍认为霍金教授是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。“It is generally acknowledged that...”是固定句型，意为“人们普遍认为……”。在此句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。而句子表达的是“这件事被普遍承认”，所以要用被动语态，“acknowledge”的过去分词形式为“acknowledged”。故填acknowledged。 考点6 insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 1．Mary insisted that she (be) right but her mother insisted that she (say)sorry to Annie. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 was say/should say 【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：玛丽坚持认为自己是对的，但她的母亲坚持要求她向安妮道歉。①表示Mary坚持认为自己是对的，属于“坚持某种观点/事实”，应该用陈述语气。 主语是she，时态与主句insisted（过去时）保持一致，故用was。②表示母亲要求她道歉，属于“坚持要求某人做某事”，应该用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should可省略）。故填①was；②(should) say。 2．The doctor insisted that he (be) seriously ill and that he (operate) on immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 was should be operated/be operated 【详解】考查时态，虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：医生坚持说他病得很重，必须立即动手术。“insisted that he____(be) seriously ill”中insist意为“坚持说”，后面宾语从句用陈述语气，描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语he是单数，因此第一空用was；“(insisted) that he____(operate) on immediately”中insist意为“坚决要求”，后面宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略，从句主语he与动词短语operate on之间是被动关系，用被动语态，因此第二空格填should be operated，should可省略。故填was，(should) be operated。 3．That is not love, and you know it. Why do you insist on (call) it love? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】calling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那不是爱，你知道的。你为什么坚持称之为爱？作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填calling。 考点7 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 1．Yuan (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was convinced 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：袁隆平相信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。本句作主句谓语动词，根据could be found可知，主句描述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，且主语Yuan和convince之间是被动关系，表示“袁隆平被说服（相信）”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was convinced。 2．The summit is a example of China’s determination and effort to advance open-up and encourage high-quality partnerships with multinationals. (convincing) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】convincing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此次峰会是中国推进开放、鼓励与跨国公司建立高质量伙伴关系的决心和努力的一个令人信服的例子。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词example；convince的形容词有convinced和convincing，convinced“感到信服的”，表示人的感受；convincing“令人信服的”，常用来修饰物，此处修饰名词example，指物，所以空处需用convincing。故填convincing。 3．So far there is no (convince) evidence that there exists life in outer space. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】convincing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，还没有令人信服的证据表明外太空存在生命。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词evidence，再结合句意“令人信服的”是convincing，符合语境。故填convincing。 考点8 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 1．Greatly my astonishment, the boy in the car accident could survived. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：令我很惊讶的是，在车祸中的那个男孩竟然能存活下来。句中to one’s astonishment是一个固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。故填to。 2．Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers, she froze astonishment. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：看到丈夫手捧一束鲜花，她惊讶地愣住了。in astonishment是固定短语，意为“惊讶地”，在句中作方式状语，修饰谓语froze。故填in。 3．She was to hear the news and stood there still.(astonish) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 astonished astonishing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：听到这个令人震惊的消息，她惊呆了，一动不动地站在那里。第一个空修饰主语“she”（人），表示 “感到震惊的”，应用astonished意为“感到震惊的”作表语。第二个空修饰名词“news”（事物），表示“令人震惊的”，应用astonishing，作定语，用于描述事物的性质或特征。故填①astonished②astonishing。 考点9 confusion n. 困惑，混乱 1．The little boy looked (confuse) while doing his math homework. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】confused 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩做数学作业时看起来很困惑。句中 looked是系动词，后需接形容词作表语，描述主语 “the little boy”的状态，用形容词confused，表示人的感受。故填confused。 2．Learning a culture’s unspoken language is sometimes (confuse). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】confusing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学习一种文化的潜台词有时会令人困惑。本空在句中作表语，描述主语“Learning a culture’s unspoken language”这一行为或状态的性质，意思是“令人困惑的”，所以应用-ing结尾的形容词confusing。故填confusing。 3．People of my generation who lived through World War Ⅱ have vivid memories of (confuse) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】confusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：经历过第二次世界大战的我这一代的人们对混乱有着生动的记忆。提示词作介词宾语，用名词confusion，意为“混乱”，不可数名词。故填confusion。 考点10 现在分词作状语 1． (give) him a wrong address, I felt sorry that he couldn’t find his friend’s home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为给了他一个错误的地址，我很抱歉他没能找到他朋友的家。句子已有谓语动词felt，空处需填非谓语动词作原因状语，give和I为逻辑主谓关系，且give发生在felt这一动作之前，需用现在分词的完成式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Having given。 2．Global surface temperature last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average, (break) previous records by more than half a degree. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】breaking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上个月全球地表温度比20世纪平均值高出2.25摄氏度，打破了此前的纪录，超出幅度超过0.5摄氏度。句子已有谓语动词were，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，break和上文句子为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词作结果状语。故填breaking。 3． (judge) from his excited expression, he must have got good grades in the math exam. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他兴奋的表情来看，他肯定在数学考试中取得了好成绩。根据must have got可知，表示“从……判断”用judging from结构，独立成分，在句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Judging。 考点11 表语从句 1．The reason why she cried is she lost her favorite toy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她哭的原因是她弄丢了最喜欢的玩具。设空处引导的是表语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分，只起到引导作用，且无意义用that，构成句型the reason why...is that“……的原因是……”。故填that。 2．The biggest problem is we can get enough money for the project. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：最大的问题是我们能否为这个项目拿到足够的钱。此处为句子作系动词is的表语，表语从句不缺成分，表示“是否”，用whether引导，故填whether。 3．The truth, though, is could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。分析句子可知，“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。故填what。 一、阅读理解 The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as ”the most beautiful river“ in the world. Locally called Carnio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls, rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Carnio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes with life and colour. It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the “River of Five Colours”. Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural, Carnio Cristales’ colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get. They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water. Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and budget (预算) cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was overcrowded with tourists. Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour. Today, Carnio Cristales still shines among Colombia’s most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of tourists every year. 1．When is the best time to visit Carnio Cristales? A．In October. B．In March. C．In June. D．In January. 2．Why is Carnio Cristales colourful? A．The water is badly polluted. B．People add chemicals to it. C．A special plant lives in it. D．The weather is changeable there. 3．Why does Carnio Cristales return to a common river appearance for most of the year? A．The plants lose their colors due to heavy rainfall. B．The water becomes polluted during dry seasons. C．Insufficient (不足的) sunlight prevents the plants from changing color. D．Tourists remove the colorful plants for souvenirs. 4．What once caused the park to be closed? A．The wildlife problem. B．The poor service. C．Too much rubbish. D．Too many visitors. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哥伦比亚卡诺水晶河的自然奇观。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes with life and colour. It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also known as the “River of Five Colours”(然而，在9月至11月的短暂时间里，这条河充满了生机和色彩。它看起来像任何颜色的混合，包括蓝色、绿色、黄色、橙色和紫红色。所以它也被称为“五色河”。)”可知，最佳观赏时间为9–11月，选项中只有10月处于该时段。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural, Carnio Cristales’ colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water.(虽然乍一看，这条彩虹河似乎添加了一些化学物质，但它是完全天然的，卡诺水晶河的颜色是一种罕见的水生植物的结果，这种植物需要阳光才能生长。植物的颜色取决于它们接收到的阳光的多少，而多少取决于水的高度和速度。)”可知，卡诺水晶河的颜色源于一种特殊水生植物。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“For most of the year, Carnio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes with life and colour. It appears as any mix of colours including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red.(在一年中的大部分时间里，卡诺水晶河看起来就像一条普通的河流：干净、绿色、多岩石。然而，在9月至11月的短暂时间里，这条河充满了生机和色彩。它看起来像任何颜色的混合，包括蓝色、绿色、黄色、橙色和紫红色。)”和第三段的句子“Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely natural, Carnio Cristales’ colours are the result of a rare (稀有) water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water.(虽然乍一看，这条彩虹河似乎添加了一些化学物质，但它是完全天然的，卡尼诺水晶河的颜色是一种罕见的水生植物的结果，这种植物需要阳光才能生长。植物的颜色取决于它们接收到的阳光的多少，而多少取决于水的高度和速度。)”可知，大多数月份因光照不足植物不显色，河流呈普通外观。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was overcrowded with tourists(2007年，由于游客过多，该公园被迫关闭)”可知，游客过多导致公园关闭。故选D项。 二、阅读七选五 Cheerleading, a sport about organized cheering and dancing in support of a sports team, is one of Americaˈs oldest, but often undervalued sports. Many now connect the sport with energetic high school teams or professional teams on the sidelines. 1 There have been significant changes over time. Now widely seen as a female-led activity, cheerleading was led by males at first. In 1869, during the first American football match between Princeton University and Rutgers University, Princeton students celebrated their victory by yelling “Boom! Ah!” repeatedly. 2 By comparison, another story places its beginning at a game between Princeton University and the University of Minnesota on November 2, 1898. A medical student named Johnny Campbell took a loudspeaker, brought thousands of fans together, and led an organized series of cheers. 3 These yell leaders not only lifted fansˈ spirits, but also helped manage the crowds. By 1903, one of the first official all-male clubs was established. In 1923, the University of Minnesota admitted women into its cheering team, although men continued to control the sidelines for many years. As world wars broke out, large numbers of men entered the military. 4 They introduced new things such as acrobatics (杂技) and the now-characteristic pom-poms (绒球). Over the next decade, the organization of teams grew rapidly. In 1948, the National Cheerleaders Association was established and later national cheerleading teams also appeared. 5 Encouragingly, the International Olympic Committee finally confirmed it as a sport in 2021, paving the way for eventual Olympic participation. Today, cheerleading attracts over three million participants across the United States and continues to develop as both a sport and a cultural activity. A．But this image is not how it all began. B．Thus, the sport was forgotten for short periods. C．Therefore, women took up the unfilled positions. D．Many historians mark this event as the sportˈs birth. E．This change, however, was a turning point for the sport. F．Inspired by this, more US leader groups were soon formed. G．Despite these, cheerleading was officially unrecognized for long. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．F 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了啦啦队这项运动的历史起源和发展。 1．根据上文“Many now connect the sport with energetic high school teams or professional teams on the sidelines.(现在很多人把这项运动与充满活力的高中队或场边的职业啦啦队联系起来。)”和下文“There have been significant changes over time.(随着时间的推移，发生了巨大的变化。)”可知，空处应是对上文的转折，说明现在的这种印象与啦啦队最初的情况不同，然后引出后文的变化。选项A“But this image is not how it all began.(但这种形象并不是它一开始的样子。)”符合语境。故选A。 2．根据上文“In 1869, during the first American football match between Princeton University and Rutgers University, Princeton students celebrated their victory by yelling “Boom! Ah!” repeatedly.(1869年，在普林斯顿大学和罗格斯大学之间的第一场美式足球比赛中，普林斯顿大学的学生们通过反复喊“砰！啊！”来庆祝他们的胜利。)”和下文“By comparison, another story places its beginning at a game between Princeton University and the University of Minnesota on November 2, 1898.(相比之下，另一个故事则将其起源定在1898年11月2日普林斯顿大学和明尼苏达大学之间的一场比赛。)”可知，空处应是对上文中提到的这场比赛的总结，说明这场比赛被视为啦啦队的起源。选项D“Many historians mark this event as the sportˈs birth.(许多历史学家将这一事件视为这项运动的诞生。)”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据上文“A medical student named Johnny Campbell took a loudspeaker, brought thousands of fans together, and led an organized series of cheers.(一名名叫约翰尼·坎贝尔的医学生拿起扩音器，把成千上万的球迷聚集在一起，带领他们进行了一系列有组织的欢呼。)”和下文“These yell leaders not only lifted fansˈ spirits, but also helped manage the crowds.(这些呐喊领袖不仅鼓舞了球迷的精神，还帮助管理人群。)”可知，空处应是对上文的进一步说明，说明这种有组织的欢呼活动的影响，即激励了更多的美国啦啦队团体的形成。选项F“Inspired by this, more US leader groups were soon formed.(受此启发，更多的美国啦啦队团体很快成立。)”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上文“As world wars broke out, large numbers of men entered the military.(随着世界大战的爆发，大量男性参军。)”和下文“They introduced new things such as acrobatics and the now-characteristic pom-poms.(他们引入了新的元素，如杂技和现在标志性的绒球。)”可知，空处应是对上文的进一步说明，说明男性参军后，女性填补了啦啦队中的空缺。选项C“Therefore, women took up the unfilled positions.(因此，女性填补了空缺的职位。)”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据下文“Encouragingly, the International Olympic Committee finally confirmed it as a sport in 2021, paving the way for eventual Olympic participation.(令人鼓舞的是，国际奥委会最终在2021年确认其为一项运动，为最终参加奥运会铺平了道路。)”可知，空处应是对啦啦队运动长期未被官方认可的说明，然后引出后文其最终被认可的情况。选项G“Despite these, cheerleading was officially unrecognized for long.(尽管如此，啦啦队长期未被官方认可。)”符合语境。故选G。 三、完形填空 When Memory is “Delayed” The sudden postponement of the film Unit 731, with vague official explanations, has sparked widespread disappointment and anger across social media — not toward the film itself, but toward those who attempted to 1 this historical memory through ignorant complaints and censorship. This delay is not merely a scheduling 2 ; it is a brutal interference with historical remembrance, yet another act of 3 by those who dare not confront the truth of history.   The atrocities committed by Japan’s Unit 731 have long been 4 by historical archives and countless testimonies. During World War II, this unit conducted horrific biological warfare experiments and live human 5 , treating people as nothing more than test subjects. Frostbite experiments, bacterial injections, vivisection — these acts, which 6 all moral boundaries, are not artistic exaggerations but well-documented historical facts. The victims of Unit 731 were mostly Chinese civilians and prisoners of war, their suffering and deaths forming an unhealed 7 in our collective national memory. To deny or downplay this history is not only a desecration of the dead but also an 8 toward the future.   It is worth noting that in recent years, there has been a surge in complaints and censorship 9 historical films. From City of Life and Death to The Eight Hundred, and now Unit 731, there seems to be an undercurrent attempting to prevent the Chinese people from 10 their historical trauma. These complainers often hide behind excuses like “avoiding ethnic conflict” or “maintaining harmony,” but in reality, they reveal their 11 of history and indifference to national dignity. History is not a doll to be dressed up as one pleases; the truth does not change just because it makes some people 12 . A nation that dares not face its pain can never truly stand tall. Those who try to erase historical memory through censorship are no different from Japan’s right-wing historical revisionists — both are 13 of memory, just in different forms.   Reverence for our martyrs must begin with an unwavering 14 to historical truth. The cotton fibers found in General Yang Jingyu’s stomach, the blood-stained farewell letter of Zhao Yiman, the remains of countless unnamed heroes — these are irrefutable witnesses to history. True patriotism does not mean shying away from national suffering but remembering it and 15 above it. 1．A．preserve B．suppress C．promote D．ignore 2．A．adjustment B．mistake C．error D．failure 3．A．bravery B．honesty C．cowardice D．wisdom 4．A．denied B．confirmed C．forgotten D．ignored 5．A．treatments B．examinations C．dissections D．operations 6．A．follow B．respect C．transcend D．establish 7．A．scar B．wound C．injury D．pain 8．A．responsibility B．irresponsibility C．response D．irresponsive 9．A．targeting B．praising C．ignoring D．creating 10．A．forgetting B．confronting C．celebrating D．denying 11．A．knowledge B．understanding C．ignorance D．awareness 12．A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．happy D．excited 13．A．creators B．protectors C．murderers D．keepers 14．A．opposition B．commitment C．objection D．rejection 15．A．falling B．rising C．staying D．lying 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电影《731部队》延期引发不满，因有人试图压制相关历史记忆。文章强调731暴行是史实，否认历史是怯懦，呼吁直面历史、铭记苦难以挺立民族。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《731部队》这部影片的突然延期，以及官方给出的含糊其辞的解释，引发了社交媒体上广泛的失望和愤怒情绪——并非针对影片本身，而是针对那些试图通过无知的抱怨和审查手段来掩盖这段历史记忆的人。A. preserve保护；B. suppress压制，镇压；C. promote促进；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“The sudden postponement of the film Unit 731”可知，这里指电影《731 部队》延期引发不满，因有人试图通过无知投诉和审查压制历史记忆，“suppress(压制)”符合对历史记忆的不当干预，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种拖延绝非仅仅是时间安排上的调整；它是对历史记忆的严重干扰，是那些不敢正视历史真相之人又一例“怯懦”的表现。A. adjustment调整；B. mistake错误；C. error错误；D. failure失败。根据上文“This delay is not merely a scheduling”可知，这里指这种延期不仅是日程调整，更是对历史记忆的粗暴干涉，“adjustment(调整)”指表面上的时间安排变动，与深层影响形成对比，故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种拖延绝非仅仅是时间安排上的调整；它是对历史记忆的严重干扰，是那些不敢正视历史真相之人又一例“怯懦”的表现。A. bravery勇敢；B. honesty诚实；C. cowardice胆小；D. wisdom智慧。根据后文“dare not confront the truth”可知，不敢直面历史真相是怯懦的表现，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本731部队所犯下的暴行早已通过历史档案和大量证词得到了证实。A. denied否认；B. confirmed证实，确认；C. forgotten忘记；D. ignored忽视。根据后文“by historical archives and countless testimonies”可知，这里指731部队的暴行被历史档案和证词证实，“confirmed(证实)”体现事实的确定性，故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第二次世界大战期间，这个部队进行了极其残忍的生物战实验和活体解剖手术，将人仅仅当作实验对象来对待。A. treatments治疗；B. examinations检查；C. dissections解剖；D. operations手术。根据后文“treating people as nothing more than test subjects”可知，这里指731部队进行活体解剖，“dissections(解剖)”符合其反人类实验的性质，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：冻伤实验、细菌注射、活体解剖——这些超越了所有道德底线的行为，并非艺术上的夸张，而是有充分证据证明的历史事实。A. follow跟随；B. respect尊重；C. transcend超出；D. establish建立。根据后文“all moral boundaries”可知，这些行为超越所有道德界限，“transcend(超越)”强调对道德底线的突破，故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：731部队的受害者主要是中国平民和战俘，他们的苦难和死亡在我们整个民族的记忆中留下了无法愈合的伤痕。A. scar疤痕；B. wound创伤；C. injury受伤；D. pain痛苦。根据上文“their suffering and deaths forming an unhealed”可知，受害者的苦难是民族记忆中未愈合的创伤，故选B。 8．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：否认或淡化这段历史不仅是对逝者的不尊重，也是对未来的不负责任之举。A. responsibility责任；B. irresponsibility不负责任；C. response回答；D. irresponsive形容词，无反应的。根据上文“To deny or downplay this history”可知，这里指否认历史是对未来的不负责任，“irresponsibility(不负责任)”与忽视历史的后果呼应，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是，近年来针对历史题材影片的投诉和审查力度显著增加。A. targeting把……作为目标；B. praising赞美；C. ignoring忽视；D. creating创造。根据后文“historical films.”可知，这里指近年来针对历史电影的投诉和审查激增，“targeting(以……为目标)”说明这些行为专门指向历史题材，故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从《南京！南京！》到《八佰》，再到如今的《731部队》，似乎有一种暗流在试图阻止中国人民正视他们那段历史创伤。A. forgetting忘记；B. confronting直面，对抗；C. celebrating庆祝；D. denying否认。根据后文“their historical trauma”可知，这里指有人试图阻止中国人直面历史创伤，“confronting(直面)”与“historical trauma”搭配，强调正视伤痛，故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些抱怨者往往以诸如“避免民族冲突”或“维护和谐”之类的借口来掩饰自己的行为，但实际上，他们暴露出了对历史的无知以及对国家尊严的漠视。A. knowledge知识；B. understanding理解；C. ignorance无知；D. awareness意识。根据上文“These complainers often hide behind excuses like “avoiding ethnic conflict” or “maintaining harmony,””可知，这些抱怨者往往以诸如“避免民族冲突”或“维护和谐”之类的借口来掩饰自己的行为，其实暴露了对历史的无知，“ignorance(无知)”对应前文“ignorant complaints”，故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：历史并非可以随意装扮成任何模样的一件玩偶；真相也不会因为某些人感到不适而改变。A. comfortable舒适的；B. uncomfortable不安的；C. happy快乐的；D. excited激动的。根据上文“the truth does not change”可知，真相不会因让人不适而改变，“uncomfortable(不适)”指真相可能令某些人不安，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些试图通过审查手段抹去历史记忆的人，与日本的右翼历史修正主义者并无二致——他们都是对记忆的破坏者，只是表现形式有所不同罢了。A. creators创作者；B. protectors保护者；C. murderers谋杀者，杀人犯；D. keepers看守人。根据上文“Those who try to erase historical memory through censorship are no different from Japan’s right-wing historical revisionists”可知，试图抹去历史记忆的人与日本右翼修正主义者都是记忆的谋杀者，“murderers(谋杀者)”强调对历史记忆的毁灭性，故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对先烈的敬仰应当始于对历史真相的坚定坚守。A. opposition反对；B. commitment承诺；C. objection反对；D. rejection拒绝。根据上文“Reverence for our martyrs must begin with an unwavering”可知，应该敬畏烈士始于对历史真相的坚定承诺，“commitment(承诺)”体现坚守真相的决心，故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：真正的爱国主义并非意味着逃避国家所遭受的苦难，而是要铭记这些苦难，并超越它们。A. falling落下；B. rising上升，崛起；C. staying停留；D. lying撒谎。根据上文“True patriotism does not mean shying away from national suffering”可知，真正的爱国不是回避苦难，而是铭记并超越它，“rising(崛起)”体现从苦难中奋进，故选B。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Wall, one of the most famous 1 (landmark) in the world, stretches across the northern part of China like a huge dragon. With a total 2 (long) of over 21,000 kilometers, it is the longest man-made structure ever built. 3 (it) construction began as early as the 7th century BCE, during the Spring and Autumn Period, and continued through different dynasties — most notably the Qin Dynasty, 4 sections were connected to form a unified defense system, and the Ming Dynasty. Originally, the Great Wall 5 (build) for military defense: it protected ancient Chinese empires from attacks by nomadic groups from the north. Along the wall, there are watchtowers 6 (employ) to spot enemies and send signals, battlements, and fortresses used to station troops and store supplies. These features show the great 7 (wise) of ancient Chinese engineers and soldiers. Today, the Great Wall is no longer a military structure 8 a world-famous tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Every year, millions of visitors from home and abroad come to walk on its stone steps, climb its watchtowers, and enjoy 9 breathtaking views of mountains and valleys around it. Sections like Badaling and Mutianyu are especially popular. More than just a wall, the Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese history, culture, and national spirit. It stands 10 a reminder of the hard work and creativity of ancient Chinese people, and continues to tell the story of China to the world. 【答案】 1．landmarks 2．length 3．Its 4．whose 5．was built 6．employed 7．wisdom 8．but 9．the 10．as 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了长城的历史、结构、功能以及其作为中国文化和历史象征的重要性。 1．考查名词复数。句意：长城是世界上最著名的地标之一，像一条巨龙横跨中国北部。one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，空处需用名词landmark“地标”的复数landmarks。故填landmarks。 2．考查名词。句意：它的总长度超过21,000公里，是有史以来建造的最长的人造建筑。本空作宾语，用名词length“长度”。故填length。 3．考查代词。句意：它的建造最早可追溯至公元前7 世纪的春秋时期，之后历经多个朝代持续修筑 —— 其中最著名的是秦朝和明朝：秦朝时，各段城墙被连接起来，形成了统一的防御体系。空处修饰名词construction，用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Its。 4．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Qin Dynasty，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词sections，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 5．考查被动语态。句意：最初，长城是为了军事防御而建造的：它保护古代中国帝国免受北方游牧民族的攻击。本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，主语the Great  Wall和动词build“建造”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，be动词需用was。故填was built。 6．考查过去分词。句意：沿着城墙，有用于侦察敌人和发送信号的瞭望塔，有用于驻扎军队和储存物资的城垛和堡垒。本句已有谓语动词are，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词employ“应用，运用”与watchtowers之间是被动关系，用过去分词employed，作后置定语，修饰名词watchtowers。故填employed。 7．考查名词。句意：这些特征显示了古代中国工程师和士兵的伟大智慧。本空作show的宾语，用名词wisdom“智慧”。故填wisdom。 8．考查固定短语。句意：今天，长城不再是一个军事建筑，而是一个世界著名的旅游景点和联合国教科文组织世界遗产。not... but...“不是……而是……”，固定搭配，符合题意。故填but。 9．考查冠词。句意：每年，数以百万计的国内外游客来到这里，走在它的石阶上，爬上它的瞭望塔，欣赏周围山脉和山谷的壮丽景色。此处特指长城周围的壮丽景色，所以空处需用定冠词the。故填the。 10．考查介词。句意：它作为中国古代人民辛勤劳动和创造力的提醒，继续向世界讲述中国的故事。stand as“作为……屹立，是……的象征”，固定搭配，符合题意。故填as。 五、书信写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Selena来信表示对中国文学作品很感兴趣。请你给她回信，内容包括： 1．推荐一部中国文学作品；2．简要说明作品内容及推荐理由。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Selena, I’m pleased to hear about your interest in Chinese literature! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Selena, I’m pleased to hear about your interest in Chinese literature! It’s a vast and fantastic world. One work that I highly recommend for you to explore is Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin. It is considered one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. The novel vividly describes the rise and fall of a prominent family, exploring themes of love, power, and the nature of life. I believe that this masterpiece will provide you with a comprehensive look at traditional Chinese culture and values. Hopefully it could be a great conversation starter for us to share our cultural insights. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Selena写封信，推荐一部中国文学作品，简要说明作品内容及推荐理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：pleased→delighted/more than happy 认为：consider→regard 提供：provide→supply 全面的：comprehensive→all-sided 2. 句式拓展 独立句合并     原句：One work that I highly recommend for you to explore is Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin. It is considered one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. 拓展句：One work that I highly recommend for you to explore is Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin, which is considered one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. 【点睛】【高分句型1】One work that I highly recommend for you to explore is Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin.(使用了that引导定语从句) 【高分句型2】The novel vividly describes the rise and fall of a prominent family, exploring themes of love, power, and the nature of life.(使用了现在分词作状语) 六、书面表达 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Billy was 15 years old then. He grew up in a very poor neighborhood. No one in his family had gone to college before. Actually, few people around him had received higher education. They all struggled to live a good life. Therefore, Billy knew nothing about colleges or scholarships and he never thought he would go to college one day. Although he was a smart boy, he didn’t study hard at school and often got into trouble with other teenagers in his neighborhood. One day, while Billy was walking on the playground, a boy of his age started making fun of him. Then that boy pushed him hard and Billy fell onto the ground. Billy became so angry that he stood up and beat that boy. So a fight began. It happened that Billy’s English teacher Mr. Smith was walking nearby. He immediately ran to the boys to stop the fight. Billy was a bit worried because he knew his teacher was very strict with students. He was afraid his teacher would punish him. However, to his astonishment, his teacher didn’t do that. “Billy, let’s have a talk,” said his teacher. Billy, not knowing what his teacher wanted to do, was very worried. But he nodded. So they went to a bench nearby and sat down. After they sat down, Mr. Smith began, “Billy, I know you’re a smart boy, but you’re wasting your life now. Why don’t you study hard to go to college so that you can change your life and have a bright future?” Hearing that, Billy didn’t know what to say. He had never thought about it. Billy was in silence. Mr. Smith continued, “I know you may have never thought about going to college. But everything is possible. When I was at your age, I was a troublemaker just like you and never thought I’d be able to go to college, either. It was all because of the support and encouragement of Mr. Howard, my math teacher in high school.” 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: Then, Mr. Smith began to tell Billy his story. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Billy was greatly touched by Mr. Smith’s story. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Paragraph 1: Then Mr. Smith began to tell Billy his story. “At that time, I usually skipped classes and every teacher was seemingly used to that except Mr Howard. He arrested me again and again, so finally I yielded in case of meeting his disappointed eyes. And he noticed my change and talked with me about future patiently. It was the first time I had heard somebody who advised me to further my education and I began to study hard to be admitted into a college with the help of scholarship. And finally I made it.” Paragraph 2: Billy was greatly touched by Mr.Smith’s story. So he began to listen to the teachers carefully in class and finish his homework by himself. Fortunately, Mr. Smith was willing to help him make up what he missed before and other teachers were all glad to see his change and answer his question with patience. Eventually, with Billy’s effort and his teachers’ support, he was admitted into a famous college and became a doctor. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Billy出身贫穷，从未想过自己以后可以上大学。虽然Billy聪明，但是总是惹麻烦，不好好学习。一次，Billy和一个男孩打架，被自己的老师Smith先生看到了，Smith先生决定和Billy好好谈谈。于是Smith先生和Billy分享了自己曾经的经历，Billy被Smith先生的故事所打动，他决定好好学习，最终考上了大学。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然后Smith先生开始给Billy讲他的故事。”可知，第一段可描写Smith先生上学时一开始不认真，但是受到Howard先生的支持和鼓励后，努力学习取得成功。 ②由第二段首句内容“Billy被Smith先生的故事深深打动了。”可知，第二段可描写Billy发生转变，努力学习，最后也成功了。 2. 续写线索：Smith先生讲故事——Smith先生上学不认真——Smith先生努力后成功——Billy被故事打动——Billy发生转变——Billy取得成功 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①习惯于：be used to/get accustomed to ②屈服：yield/give in/surrender ③注意到：notice/see/spot 情绪类 ①失望的：disappointed/frustrated/depressed ②高兴的：glad/happy/pleased 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was the first time I had heard somebody who advised me to further my education and I began to study hard to be admitted into a college with the help of scholarship. (运用了who引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] Fortunately, Mr. Smith was willing to help him make up what he missed before and other teachers were all glad to see his change and answer his question with patience. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) ( 1 / 28 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $