第02讲 选择性必修三Unit 2 Out of this world 教材知识新课预习（寒假预习讲义）高二英语译林版

第02讲 Unit 2 Out of this world (选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与太空探索相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就，学习和借鉴人类文明的优秀成果； 思维品质：分析和思考人类探索宇宙的意义，作出正确的价值判断； 学习能力：小组合作提出人类移居外星球的解决方案。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 [教材原句]Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。 (1)absence from 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence 某人不在时 in the absence of 缺乏；缺少……时 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 be absent from 不参加；缺席 (3)absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 2. bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 [教材原句]It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事 bother with/about sth.为某事费心 bother doing sth.费心做某事 bother sb.with sth.用某事打扰某人 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… can't be bothered to do sth.不想花时间或精力做某事 3. occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 [教材原句] The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。 (1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth. 忙于……；专心于…… (2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；使用中的 be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 (3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作 4. circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 [教材原句]In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) under/in any circumstances 在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许 [名师点津] (1)under no circumstances意为“决不”，为表示否定意义的介词短语，放在句首时常用部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。有类似用法的短语还有by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, on no account, at no time等。 (2)circumstance意为“环境，情况”时为抽象地点名词，当其作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。有类似用法的词还有point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，occasion，environment等。 5. in view of鉴于，考虑到 [教材原句] In view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 鉴于低重力环境，饮食在太空中也有所不同。 (1)in one's view 在某人看来 come into view 看得见，进入视野 in view 在视野范围内 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 (2)view...as 把……看作 [名师点津]view 意为“观点”时，其常用结构为in one's view, from one's point of view, hold the view；其同义短语有in one's opinion, as far as sb.be concerned。 6. vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 [教材原句]Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 be of vital importance＝be very important 至关重要 be vital for/to 对……极为重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.… ……是十分重要的。 It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要。 7. crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的 [教材原句]Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy. 哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说至关重要 be crucial to doing sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的 crucial后跟句子时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 8. calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 [教材原句]It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 (1)calculate that/wh-clause　计算……;预测…… calculate on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth. 计划做/打算做/旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据估算…… (2)calculation n.[C,U]计算;预测 calculator n.计算器 9. assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 [教材原句]There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants. 地面上有很多支持人员,比如工程师、机械修理工和研究助理。 (1)an assistant to...　　……的助手 teaching assistant/assistant teacher 助教 shop assistant 店员 (2)assist v. 帮助;协助 assist (sb.) with sth./ in (doing) sth.　帮助(某人)(做)某事;在(做)某事上协助(某人) assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (3)assistance n.援助;帮助 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人 10. shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 [教材原句]We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.我们应该找到能长期保护我们免受辐射的永久的居所。 (1)take/seek shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 　　在……的庇护下 give sb. shelter 庇护某人 (2)shelter...from... 保护/庇护……免受…… 单元句型 1. as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 [教材原句]Splendid_as_the_view_of_the_Earth_is,_spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 (1)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句； (2)“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”，引导时间状语从句； (3)“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”，引导方式状语从句； (4)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句； (5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。 [名师点津]　as引导让步状语从句必须使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面，如果表语是单数可数名词，提前时应省掉冠词。 2. That’s why… [教材原句]That's_why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 这就是为什么每次太空行走都要经过精心策划。 (1)This/That/It is why...这/那是……的原因 (why引导表语从句， 表示结果) (2)This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因) (3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句， 表示原因) 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1．Scientists noted critical data was from the experiment report, and this delayed the research progress. (absence) 2．With so many things (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice. 3． (occupy) in practicing the piano for her upcoming recital, she turned down all weekend outing invitations. 4．Under no (circumstance) will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man. 5． view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 6．Teamwork is for social workers who depend on collaboration. (vital) 7．It is (crucial) important that we are ready for this time. 8．He the numbers faster than a computer. (calculation) 9．Professor Li does need an (assist) to help him with his field research. 10．We (shelter) in a doorway and waited for the storm to stop and it was an impressive experience. Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 link        assist        handle        gift        cast 11．Few of us will ever be as and intelligent as da Vinci. Yet, all of us can learn from his spirit. 12．You stand in front of a white light, and it different shadows of you, in every colour of the rainbow. 13．Since heart disease is often to our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives. 14．In the near future, it is likely that AI will be used an even greater variety of tasks such as setting out favourite clothes. 15．As a graduate at the California Institute of Technology, Qian Xuesen helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. III.完成句子 16．虽然他很生气,但是他讲话很平静。(as引导倒装句) , he managed to speak calmly. 17．这就是大多数宠物猫能够马上辨别他们的主人是否和其他猫在一起的原因。（that is why...） if their owners were around any other cats. 18．one soldier, the machine, was, it, could, not, that, be, so, controlled, by, big(. ) (连词成句) 19．首先，我的父母都是网球爱好者，所以就是在他们的影响下，我对网球产生了兴趣。(it强调句型) First, my parents are both tennis lovers, so I became interested in it. 20．这种新药对于心脏病患者非常重要。(be of＋n. ) The new drug to people suffering from heart attack. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 单元语法 主语从句 考点一、that引导的主语从句 1.that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。 2.有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。 3.主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句 在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge,demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened,occurred,seemed,appeared,turned out等)+that从句 考点二、whether引导的主语从句 whether意为“是否”,引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分。 (1)whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置。 (2)whether引导主语从句时一般不能用if替代。 考点三、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括:what, who, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”的形式,表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 What (=The thing that) he had heard made him very depressed. 他听到的事使他非常沮丧。 考点四、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词包括:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等,在主语从句中作状语。 “疑问词+ever”既能引导主语从句,又能引导让步状语从句。但是“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 【巩固练习】 1． we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China. 2．It is estimated about 60% of rice is produced in China. 3． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind. 4． the earth goes around the sun is a universally accepted fact. 5．It makes no difference you approve of my plan or not. 6．As students, we need is to commit ourselves to studying for our motherland. 7． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 8． scientists point to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 9． we will go camping this weekend depends entirely on the weather forecast. 10． is remarkable is that TCM has made contributions to global health and become a shared treasure. 单元写作 写一篇关于外星人的故事 讲述偶遇外星人的经历属于想象类作文,主要记述遇到外星人的背景,整个事件的过程并简单发表一下对该事件的感想。体裁以记叙文为主。 典题分析 假定你是李华,请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇周记,记述你遇到外星人的一次经历。内容如下: 　　1.周四晚上遇到一个外星人(个子矮、头和眼睛很大、棕色皮肤); 　　2.乘坐UFO,遨游太空,欣赏夜景; 　　3.你的感受。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [分析] 体裁：记叙文 (遇见外星人) 时态：一般过去时 人称：第一人称 框架：第一段：简述事件 第二段：详细讲述事情的过程。 第三段：表达作者的观点和感受。 【参考范文】 　　On Thursday evening, I was doing my homework when suddenly I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky coming nearer and nearer and eventually landed on the ground. Then out of it came a very short alien with a big head and eyes and brown skin. Hardly had he seen me when he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO and I agreed. So fast did it fly that we were in space in a short time. Looking out of the UFO, I saw the beautiful blue earth on which we live and other shining stars circling in dark space. What a fantastic scene! After what seemed an hour, I asked the alien to send me to the earth. What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was! [写作迁移] 下表是关于自然界之谜“百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）”的一些信息, 请根据此表写一篇80词左右的英语短文, 介绍“百慕大三角”。 地理位置 发生的怪事 人们的猜测 位于百慕大和佛罗里达之间的大西洋西部。 自1945 年以来, 数以百计的飞机和船只, 以及一千多人在这里神秘失踪, 没留下任何痕迹。 外星人在作怪; 当地特殊的天气条件; 没人给出让人信服的理由。 注意: 1. 短文应包含所给信息内容; 2, 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 参考词汇: 残骸wreckage ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点1 absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 1．He is sick. That is why he is (absence) from school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The party turned out to be a failure due to the (absence) of some important figures. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． the absence of actual data, no reliance can be placed on such figures. （用适当的词填空） 考点2 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 1．My old brother could not (bother) to play with me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Why (bother) asking if you’re not really interested?  (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The famous film star could hardly walk down the street without being (bother). (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点3 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 1． (occupy) myself with the demanding task of proparing my speech, I find it impossible to spare time for any other activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．With teaching her mind, she cares less what is not related to her . (occupy) (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Later I went to a café to have lunch but all the tables (occupy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点4 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 1． the circumstances, Paisley’s plans looked highly appropriate. (用适当的词填空) 2．Under no (circumstance) should teachers be servants of students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．He shouldn’t be to blame for the incident this circumstance.(用适当的词填空) 考点5 vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 1．The police play a (vitality) role in our society. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．It is (vital) that you (should) know how to recognise the signs of a stroke so you or your loved one can get help immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．It’s vital that we (get) extra funding for the project, which will help the further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点6 calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 1．It is suggested that such figures (calculate) by hand instead of using the calculator. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Laboratory work needs not only accurate measurement but also correct (calculate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．It (calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点7 assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 1．She couldn’t attend the meeting so her (assist) who was familiar with the agenda took her place. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．As a helpful , she provided valuable to the team. (assistant) (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．As an , he the professor with the experiment. And his made the experiment easier to do. (assist)(所给词的适当形式填空) 考点8 shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护 vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 1．Rescue workers put up many tents in the open air (shelter) survivors of the earthquake. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．We sheltered the rain in doorway. （用适当的词填空） 3．These plants must (shelter) from direct sunlight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点9 as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 1. ________________________(尽管他对工资不满意), he took the job just to get some work experience. (as引导倒装句) 2. As they all know, this suggestion is worthy to be considered. (句型转换) ①As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. ②As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. 3. As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.(同义句转换) →________________________ many species are gradually ________________________. 考点10 That’s why… 1. 我和他一起工作过三年，那就是我对他很熟悉的原因。(that’s why...) He and I have worked together for three years. ________________________. 2. I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job. →________________________ I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. 3. Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. That was because he fell ill suddenly. (同义句转换) ①Jack fell ill suddenly. That was why ________________________. ②Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. The reason was that ________________________. 考点11 that/ whether引导主语从句 1. It remains unknown ________ these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. 2. ________ the task can be completed on time is doubtful. 3. It suddenly occurred to me ________ I knew how to solve that problem. 考点12 连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句 1． is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. (用适当的词填空) 2． the newly-built modern museum with advanced exhibition facilities and interactive zones will officially open to the public and warmly welcome visitors from all over the country has not been announced yet. (用适当的词填空) 3． this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. (用适当的词填空) 一、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·湖南长沙·月考）Hydrogen fuel-cell (氢燃料电池) vehicles aren’t just from science fiction or unusual experiments. Cars run on hydrogen, like the Toyota Mirai and Hyundai Nexo, are already available, and hydrogen fuel-cell technology is developing fast with the support of billions of dollars in federal research. So why are hydrogen cars almost never seen on U.S. roads today? “The answer is simple: cost issues,” Sergey Paltsev, a senior scientist at the MIT Energy Initiative told Popular Science. Politicians and car makers once supported the fuel cell — which turns hydrogen’s chemical energy into electricity to power an electric motor — as the future of passenger cars. But cheaper batteries and a lot of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (基础设施) have pushed battery-electric cars far ahead. To switch widely to hydrogen cars, we need to cut costs and build a large amount of infrastructure. The Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center shows 55 public hydrogen fueling station locations in the U.S. today, almost only in California, while there are more than 68,000 active public electric vehicle charging stations across the country. “Nothing will change next year, or probably even in the next five years, but hydrogen vehicles have better uses ahead,” said Paltsev. In fact, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles work better for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks and aviation (航空). Also, battery-electric vehicles have problems when it comes to driving range, charging time or carrying heavy loads. The fact that hydrogen passenger cars aren’t practical in places like the U.S. now doesn’t mean we should just give up on hydrogen fuel-cell technology. “We might need it for many other reasons in the future,” Paltsev warned. He pointed out that international political issues could impede the supply of raw materials for batteries, making hydrogen cars suddenly more affordable. 1．What do we learn about the development of hydrogen fueling stations in the U.S.? A．They are evenly distributed across all states in the United States. B．Their number is far less than that of electric vehicle charging stations. C．They will reach 68,000 in the next five years according to current trends. D．They are mainly built to serve passenger cars as their primary target users. 2．We can infer from the passage that battery-electric vehicles ________. A．are not suitable for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks B．have solved the problems of driving range and charging time C．will be replaced by hydrogen vehicles in five years D．require fewer raw materials than hydrogen vehicles 3．The underlined word "impede" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．hide B．delay C．encourage D．block 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Hydrogen vehicles have completely lost the competition with battery-electric cars. B．Hydrogen fuel-cell technology is useless due to high costs and poor infrastructure. C．Hydrogen vehicles face current challenges but have promising applications in the future. D．The U.S. government should stop investing in hydrogen fuel-cell research. 二、阅读七选五 （25-26高一上·山东济宁·期中）If you’re interested in writing a letter to your future self, but don’t know where to start, here are some steps you can take: Decide how far into the future you want to read your letter The content of any letter depends on the reader. The content of your letter to your future self might change depending on whether you’re writing for someone three months or three years into the future. 1 You can also write several letters to different future selves. Provide context (背景信息) for your future self If you’re writing your letter for self-improvement, it’s important to note where you’re starting from. Providing context can serve two purposes. 2 Besides, it can show you how much has happened between the letter’s writing and your reading of it. Express your hopes Talk about what you hope your future self will have achieved. 3 When you read the letter in the future, your words might make you feel proud because you’ve achieved what was important to you. Ask yourself questions 4 Ask whether you got closer to a new friend, or if something you were looking forward to happened. These can also add context for your future self about what was important to you when you wrote the letter. Express thanks and kindness for yourself Finally, remember to include words of kindness and support for your future self. You never know where you’ll be when you finally read the letter, and hearing that you’re cared for and loved can help you stay positive. 5 That’s because they can make your future self feel discouraged or unvalued when you read the letter. A．It acts as a safe way to communicate. B．It can be a fun reminder of where you were. C．The length of letter requires special attention. D．You can write the letter as far into the future as you like. E．Try not to include hurtful words about yourself in the letter. F．Consider including questions for your future self in your letter. G．You could talk about a project you’ve started that you hope to finish. 三、完形填空 （25-26高一上·山东淄博·期中）Many years ago, there was a young boy named Daniel who lived in a small village. He was a gifted student with a passion 1 science, but he faced a significant 2 : his family was too poor to afford the necessary equipment and resources for his 3 . 4 , Daniel’s determination to pursue his passion did not waver (动摇). He collected waste materials from the local factory and used them to create 5 lab equipment. His creativity and resourcefulness allowed him to conduct simple experiments, and he learned a great deal from them. One day, Daniel heard about a national science 6 for students. The winner would receive an award to a well-known university. Daniel knew this was a(n) 7 to change his life, so he decided to enter the competition. He spent countless hours designing and building a(n) 8 device that could turn waste materials into renewable energy. Despite numerous setbacks and 9 , Daniel never gave up. He worked tirelessly, 10 and improving his invention. When the day of the competition arrived, Daniel 11 his invention to the judges. They were 12 by his talent and the potential impact of his invention on the environment. To Daniel’s delight, he was declared the 13 of the competition. Daniel’s victory not only earned him a scholarship (奖学金) but also inspired others in his village to 14 their dreams, 15 their circumstances. His story serves as a powerful reminder that with determination, creativity, and a little bit of resourcefulness, one can overcome barriers and achieve great things. 1．A．in B．with C．on D．for 2．A．opportunity B．challenge C．change D．interview 3．A．experiments B．learning C．money D．equipment 4．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Although 5．A．familiar B．remote C．expensive D．temporary 6．A．introduction B．competition C．lesson D．scholarship 7．A．chance B．expectation C．talent D．difficulties 8．A．limited B．talented C．unique D．countless 9．A．successes B．intelligence C．chances D．failures 10．A．bettering B．comparing C．watering D．filling 11．A．discussed B．admitted C．presented D．declared 12．A．persuaded B．included C．recommended D．impressed 13．A．holder B．winner C．keeper D．host 14．A．go after B．reach out C．come true D．long for 15．A．only if B．in search of C．in spite of D．even if 四、语法填空 （25-26高一上·河北张家口·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This year’s China International Import Expo (博览会), 1 visitors got a preview of the city’s “air taxi” future, was an impressive event. At the expo, the travel company Vertaxi set up a “vertip”, 2 (let) visitors experience the full process of “flying a ride” — from scanning (扫描) a QR code 3 (board) to taking off. Reporters from Shanghai Television test-rode the company’s latest manned aircraft, the M1 “air taxi,” and described it as surprisingly 4 (space) and comfortable. The five-seat cabin hold at least five 20-inch suitcases, with ultra-thin seven-centimeter seats 5 (design) to free up legroom. A trip from Hongqiao to Pudong would take a mere 10 minutes, while flying from the National Exhibition and Convention Center to Yangcheng Lake would take around 15 minutes, a 6 (striking) shorter time compared to an hour or more by car, the company said. Another model was the E20 eVTOL, 7 electric vertical  (竖直的) takeoff and landing aircraft capable of flying 200 kilometers 8 a speed of 320 km/h. It carries one pilot and four passengers and, being fully electric, 9 (expect) to keep flight costs close to a taxi ride — about the same price for a 100-kilometer journey. The company’s representative said that commercial operations could begin as early as next year, calling the “flying taxi” era “forthcoming.” The concept has caused a heated 10 (discuss) online. Many netizens celebrated it as “the future of commuting” and “a sci-fi dream come true,” while others were concerned, noting that safety standards, legal frameworks, and pilot training should be established before the service takes flight. 五、写作 应用文写作 （25-26高二上·广东茂名·期中）假设你是李华，你校将举办“未来生活与新技术”主题演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一篇发言稿，分享你对新技术改变未来生活的看法。内容包括： 1. 简述新技术对未来生活的影响； 2. 表达你对新技术发展的观点。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按以下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s look forward to a better future with new technology. Thank you! 读后续写 （25-26高二上·安徽阜阳·月考）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One year ago, when we were in the fifth grade, a new classmate named Jack joined us. One day, a boy knocked his backpack and many crushed soda cans and empty drink bottles that we usually throw into the dustbin fell out. Therefore, the boys in our class mocked him as the “trash king”. Later, during a class meeting, our teacher, Ms. Green, told us about his story of using garbage to make inventions. It turned out that Jack was not an ordinary elementary school student, but a “garbage-inspired inventor” who had won the city invention award. According to Ms. Green, most of his inventions were picked up from garbage dumps. During that class meeting, Jack showed us his invention of a “domestic wastewater separation system”. Afterwards, some of us became deeply interested in these small inventions and started to admire Jack’s way of “picking up trash”. We even joined him in picking up trash on weekends and during holidays. From then on, we no longer called him the “trash king”. Instead, we formed a group of five boys and actively searched for usable materials in various garbage dumps around the city. Under Jack’s guidance, we learned that there are many uses for seemingly useless trash. Once, we stayed at school to process the collected materials. Jack mentioned that he was facing a problem with his latest invention — a small cart for buying vegetables that needed to be lightweight. All other materials were solved except for the wheels. How could we find a suitable material for the wheels? We racked our brains and came up with different ideas, for example, taking off the wheels from suitcases. However, Jack reminded us that our group should focus on making inventions from waste rather than causing damage to create them. We were all deep in thought. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 2 Out of this world (选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与太空探索相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就，学习和借鉴人类文明的优秀成果； 思维品质：分析和思考人类探索宇宙的意义，作出正确的价值判断； 学习能力：小组合作提出人类移居外星球的解决方案。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 [教材原句]Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。 (1)absence from 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence 某人不在时 in the absence of 缺乏；缺少……时 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 be absent from 不参加；缺席 (3)absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 2. bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 [教材原句]It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事 bother with/about sth.为某事费心 bother doing sth.费心做某事 bother sb.with sth.用某事打扰某人 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… can't be bothered to do sth.不想花时间或精力做某事 3. occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 [教材原句] The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。 (1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth. 忙于……；专心于…… (2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；使用中的 be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 (3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作 4. circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 [教材原句]In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) under/in any circumstances 在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许 [名师点津] (1)under no circumstances意为“决不”，为表示否定意义的介词短语，放在句首时常用部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。有类似用法的短语还有by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, on no account, at no time等。 (2)circumstance意为“环境，情况”时为抽象地点名词，当其作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。有类似用法的词还有point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，occasion，environment等。 5. in view of鉴于，考虑到 [教材原句] In view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 鉴于低重力环境，饮食在太空中也有所不同。 (1)in one's view 在某人看来 come into view 看得见，进入视野 in view 在视野范围内 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 (2)view...as 把……看作 [名师点津]view 意为“观点”时，其常用结构为in one's view, from one's point of view, hold the view；其同义短语有in one's opinion, as far as sb.be concerned。 6. vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 [教材原句]Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 be of vital importance＝be very important 至关重要 be vital for/to 对……极为重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.… ……是十分重要的。 It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要。 7. crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的 [教材原句]Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy. 哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说至关重要 be crucial to doing sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的 crucial后跟句子时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 8. calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 [教材原句]It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 (1)calculate that/wh-clause　计算……;预测…… calculate on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth. 计划做/打算做/旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据估算…… (2)calculation n.[C,U]计算;预测 calculator n.计算器 9. assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 [教材原句]There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants. 地面上有很多支持人员,比如工程师、机械修理工和研究助理。 (1)an assistant to...　　……的助手 teaching assistant/assistant teacher 助教 shop assistant 店员 (2)assist v. 帮助;协助 assist (sb.) with sth./ in (doing) sth.　帮助(某人)(做)某事;在(做)某事上协助(某人) assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (3)assistance n.援助;帮助 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人 10. shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 [教材原句]We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.我们应该找到能长期保护我们免受辐射的永久的居所。 (1)take/seek shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 　　在……的庇护下 give sb. shelter 庇护某人 (2)shelter...from... 保护/庇护……免受…… 单元句型 1. as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 [教材原句]Splendid_as_the_view_of_the_Earth_is,_spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 (1)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句； (2)“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”，引导时间状语从句； (3)“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”，引导方式状语从句； (4)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句； (5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。 [名师点津]　as引导让步状语从句必须使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面，如果表语是单数可数名词，提前时应省掉冠词。 2. That’s why… [教材原句]That's_why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 这就是为什么每次太空行走都要经过精心策划。 (1)This/That/It is why...这/那是……的原因 (why引导表语从句， 表示结果) (2)This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因) (3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句， 表示原因) 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1．Scientists noted critical data was from the experiment report, and this delayed the research progress. (absence) 2．With so many things (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice. 3． (occupy) in practicing the piano for her upcoming recital, she turned down all weekend outing invitations. 4．Under no (circumstance) will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man. 5． view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 6．Teamwork is for social workers who depend on collaboration. (vital) 7．It is (crucial) important that we are ready for this time. 8．He the numbers faster than a computer. (calculation) 9．Professor Li does need an (assist) to help him with his field research. 10．We (shelter) in a doorway and waited for the storm to stop and it was an impressive experience. 【答案】 1. absent absence 2．Bothering 3．Occupied 4．circumstances 5．In 6．vital vitally 7．crucially 8．calculates 9．assistant 10．sheltered Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 link        assist        handle        gift        cast 11．Few of us will ever be as and intelligent as da Vinci. Yet, all of us can learn from his spirit. 12．You stand in front of a white light, and it different shadows of you, in every colour of the rainbow. 13．Since heart disease is often to our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives. 14．In the near future, it is likely that AI will be used an even greater variety of tasks such as setting out favourite clothes. 15．As a graduate at the California Institute of Technology, Qian Xuesen helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. 【答案】 11．gifted 12．casts 13．linked 14．to handle 15．assistant III.完成句子 16．虽然他很生气,但是他讲话很平静。(as引导倒装句) , he managed to speak calmly. 17．这就是大多数宠物猫能够马上辨别他们的主人是否和其他猫在一起的原因。（that is why...） if their owners were around any other cats. 18．one soldier, the machine, was, it, could, not, that, be, so, controlled, by, big(. ) (连词成句) 19．首先，我的父母都是网球爱好者，所以就是在他们的影响下，我对网球产生了兴趣。(it强调句型) First, my parents are both tennis lovers, so I became interested in it. 20．这种新药对于心脏病患者非常重要。(be of＋n. ) The new drug to people suffering from heart attack. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 16．Angry as he was 17．That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately 18．The machine was so big that it could not be controlled by one soldier. 19．it was under their influence that 20．is of great importance/significance 单元语法 主语从句 考点一、that引导的主语从句 1.that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。 2.有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。 3.主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句 在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge,demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened,occurred,seemed,appeared,turned out等)+that从句 考点二、whether引导的主语从句 whether意为“是否”,引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分。 (1)whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置。 (2)whether引导主语从句时一般不能用if替代。 考点三、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括:what, who, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”的形式,表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 What (=The thing that) he had heard made him very depressed. 他听到的事使他非常沮丧。 考点四、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词包括:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等,在主语从句中作状语。 “疑问词+ever”既能引导主语从句,又能引导让步状语从句。但是“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 【巩固练习】 1． we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China. 2．It is estimated about 60% of rice is produced in China. 3． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind. 4． the earth goes around the sun is a universally accepted fact. 5．It makes no difference you approve of my plan or not. 6．As students, we need is to commit ourselves to studying for our motherland. 7． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 8． scientists point to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 9． we will go camping this weekend depends entirely on the weather forecast. 10． is remarkable is that TCM has made contributions to global health and become a shared treasure. 【答案】 1．Whether 2．that 3．When 4．That 5．whether 6．what 7．What 8．That 9．Whether 10．What 单元写作 写一篇关于外星人的故事 讲述偶遇外星人的经历属于想象类作文,主要记述遇到外星人的背景,整个事件的过程并简单发表一下对该事件的感想。体裁以记叙文为主。 典题分析 假定你是李华,请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇周记,记述你遇到外星人的一次经历。内容如下: 　　1.周四晚上遇到一个外星人(个子矮、头和眼睛很大、棕色皮肤); 　　2.乘坐UFO,遨游太空,欣赏夜景; 　　3.你的感受。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [分析] 体裁：记叙文 (遇见外星人) 时态：一般过去时 人称：第一人称 框架：第一段：简述事件 第二段：详细讲述事情的过程。 第三段：表达作者的观点和感受。 【参考范文】 　　On Thursday evening, I was doing my homework when suddenly I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky coming nearer and nearer and eventually landed on the ground. Then out of it came a very short alien with a big head and eyes and brown skin. Hardly had he seen me when he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO and I agreed. So fast did it fly that we were in space in a short time. Looking out of the UFO, I saw the beautiful blue earth on which we live and other shining stars circling in dark space. What a fantastic scene! After what seemed an hour, I asked the alien to send me to the earth. What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was! [写作迁移] 下表是关于自然界之谜“百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）”的一些信息, 请根据此表写一篇80词左右的英语短文, 介绍“百慕大三角”。 地理位置 发生的怪事 人们的猜测 位于百慕大和佛罗里达之间的大西洋西部。 自1945 年以来, 数以百计的飞机和船只, 以及一千多人在这里神秘失踪, 没留下任何痕迹。 外星人在作怪; 当地特殊的天气条件; 没人给出让人信服的理由。 注意: 1. 短文应包含所给信息内容; 2, 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 参考词汇: 残骸wreckage ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There are many unexplained mysteries of the natural world, of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one. This is an area of the western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida, where some strange things happened. Since 1945, hundreds of ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared, leaving no wreckage or bodies. Some reasons have been given to explain the disturbing incidents that occurred in the area of Bermuda Triangle. Some think aliens might have arrived there and taken everything away. Others believe they might be caused by special weather there. But no one can give a believable reason. Maybe in the future we can find the answer with the development of science and technology. 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求根据介绍自然界之谜“百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）”信息的表格写一篇短文介绍“百慕大三角”。 【详解】1.词汇积累 特别的：special→particular 令人不安的：troubling→disturbing 发生：happen→occur 造成：create→cause 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Since 1945, hundreds of ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared, leaving no wreckage or bodies. 拓展句：Since 1945, hundreds of ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared, which left no wreckage or bodies. 【点睛】[高分句型1] There are many unexplained mysteries of the natural world, of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one. (运用了of which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Some think aliens might have arrived there and taken everything away. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，且that省略) 考点1 absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 1．He is sick. That is why he is (absence) from school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】absent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他生病了。这就是为什么他没来上学。空处位于系动词is后作表语，应用形容词absent，表示“缺席的”，be absent from意为“缺席，不在某处”，是固定搭配。故填absent。 2．The party turned out to be a failure due to the (absence) of some important figures. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于一些重要人物的缺席，这次聚会失败了。空处作宾语，需用名词absence，为不可数名词。故填absence。 3． the absence of actual data, no reliance can be placed on such figures. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】In 【详解】考查介词。句意：由于没有实际数据，不能依赖这样的数字。in the absence of 是固定短语，表示 “缺乏……”。故填 In。 考点2 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 1．My old brother could not (bother) to play with me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bother 【详解】考查动词。句意：我哥哥懒得和我一起玩。情态动词could后接动词原形，且主语My old brother和bother之间是主动关系，表示“哥哥懒得和我玩”，所以用主动形式。故填bother。 2．Why (bother) asking if you’re not really interested?  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bother 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你不是真的感兴趣，为什么还要费心问呢？根据句意可知，此处表示“费心做某事”，应用动词原形bother。why do sth为什么做某事。为固定句型。故填bother。 3．The famous film star could hardly walk down the street without being (bother). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bothered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位著名的电影明星走在大街上几乎都会被人打扰。the famous film star和bother为被动关系，空处需填过去分词和being构成动名词的被动语态，作宾语。故填bothered。 考点3 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 1． (occupy) myself with the demanding task of proparing my speech, I find it impossible to spare time for any other activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Occupying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我忙于准备演讲这一艰巨的任务，发现不可能抽出时间进行其他活动。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和occupy为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Occupying。 2．With teaching her mind, she cares less what is not related to her . (occupy) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 occupying occupation 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：教学占据了她的心思，她就不太关心与她的职业无关的事情了。第一空是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，occupy和宾语teaching之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空作宾语，结合her可知，使用名词occupation“职业”。故填①occupying；②occupation。 3．Later I went to a café to have lunch but all the tables (occupy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were occupied 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：后来我去了一家咖啡馆吃午饭，但所有的桌子都坐满了。设空处为谓语，根据上文的went可知用一般过去时，主语all the tables和谓语occupy“占据，占用”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，并且主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were occupied。 考点4 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 1． the circumstances, Paisley’s plans looked highly appropriate. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】In 【详解】考查介词。句意：在这种情况下，佩斯利的计划看起来非常合适。表示“在这种情况下”用in the circumstances，构成介词短语作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填In。 2．Under no (circumstance) should teachers be servants of students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。句意：在任何情况下老师都不应该是学生的仆人。under no circumstance“绝不”是固定短语，位于句首时，所在句子要部分倒装。故填circumstances。 3．He shouldn’t be to blame for the incident this circumstance.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：在这种情况下，他不应该为这件事受责备。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in this circumstance意为“在这种情况下”。故填in。 考点5 vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 1．The police play a (vitality) role in our society. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】vital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：警察在我们的社会中起着至关重要的作用。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词role，vital至关重要的，形容词。故填vital。 2．It is (vital) that you (should) know how to recognise the signs of a stroke so you or your loved one can get help immediately. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】vital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：至关重要的是，你要知道如何识别中风的迹象，这样你或你所爱的人才能立即得到帮助。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做表语，使用形容词，因it is vital that为固定句型，表示：至关重要的是，与句子表达的含义一致，故填vital。 3．It’s vital that we (get) extra funding for the project, which will help the further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】should get/get 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们为这个项目获得额外的资金很重要，这会对进一步的研究有所帮助。分析句子可知，该句为It is vital that... 固定句型，意为“……是极重要的”，从句谓语动词应用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，其中should可以省略。故填(should) get。 考点6 calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 1．It is suggested that such figures (calculate) by hand instead of using the calculator. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 be calculated/ should be calculated 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：建议用手计算这些数字，而不要用计算器。分析句子的结构可知，该句为it作形式主语的主语从句，在含有suggest表示“建议”时，从句应用“should +动原”的形式，其中should可以省略，设空处和figures之间是被动关系。故填should be calculated或者be calculated。 2．Laboratory work needs not only accurate measurement but also correct (calculate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】calculation 【详解】考查名词。句意：实验室工作不仅需要精确的测量，而且需要正确的计算。分析句子可知，空处缺少名词作宾语，calculate对应的名词为calculation。故填calculation。 3．It (calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is calculated/has been calculated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据计算，未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长。It作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，即“未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长”这件事，与“计算”之间为被动关系，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态is calculated，也可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经完成，也可填has been calculated。故填is calculated/has been calculated。 考点7 assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 1．She couldn’t attend the meeting so her (assist) who was familiar with the agenda took her place. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：她不能参加会议，所以她那位熟悉议程的助手代替了她。根据“her”以及“who was familiar with the agenda (定语从句修饰先行词，指人)”可知，此空需填名词assistant，在so后的句子中作主语，意为“助手”，且根据从句谓语was可知，此处用单数名词。故填assistant。 2．As a helpful , she provided valuable to the team. (assistant) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 assistant assistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名乐于助人的助手，她为团队提供了宝贵的帮助。第一空作宾语，表示“助手”应用名词assistant，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词；第二空作宾语，表示“帮助”应用名词assistance。故填①assistant②assistance。 3．As an , he the professor with the experiment. And his made the experiment easier to do. (assist)(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 assistant assisted assistance 【详解】考查名词和时态。句意：作为一名助手，他协助教授完成了实验。而他的协助使得实验的操作变得更加容易了。第一空作宾语，表示“助手”结合不定冠词提示用单数名词assistant；第二空作谓语用动词assist，结合后文made可知为一般过去时；第三空作主语，表示“协助”应用名词assistance，不可数。故填①assistant；②assisted；③assistance。 考点8 shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护 vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 1．Rescue workers put up many tents in the open air (shelter) survivors of the earthquake. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to shelter 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：救援人员在露天搭起许多帐篷，为地震幸存者提供庇护。根据“put up many tents in the open air”和“survivors of the earthquake”可知，在露天搭起许多帐篷是为了为地震幸存者提供庇护，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。shelter意为“庇护”。故填to shelter。 2．We sheltered the rain in doorway. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们在门口躲雨。shelter from表示“躲避……”符合题意。故填from。 3．These plants must (shelter) from direct sunlight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be sheltered 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：这些植物必须被遮蔽以避免阳光直接照射。结合句意These plants与shelter之间为被动关系，应用被动语态,情态动词must之后应用动词原形，空处应填be sheltered。故填be sheltered。 考点9 as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 1. ________________________(尽管他对工资不满意), he took the job just to get some work experience. (as引导倒装句) 【答案】Unsatisfied as he was with the payment 【详解】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他对工资不满意，但他接受这份工作只是为了获得一些工作经验。根据汉语提示，此处是让步状语从句，由as引导，常常倒装，其结构为：表语+as+系动词+其它成分；表示“不满意”用be satisfied with，故填Unsatisfied as he was with the payment。 2. As they all know, this suggestion is worthy to be considered. (句型转换) ①As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. ②As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. 【答案】①worthy of being considered ②worthy of consideration 【详解】考查固定搭配和名词。句意：大家都知道，这个建议值得考虑。表示“值得做某事”为be worthy of sth或者be worthy of doing sth；空格处需要填入的是“值得考虑”，建议与考虑之间为被动关系，所以需要使用动名词的被动语态，所以第一空为worthy of being considered。“考虑”的名词为consideration，为不可数名词，所以第二空为worthy of consideration。故答案①worthy of being considered；②worthy of consideration。 3. As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.(同义句转换) →________________________ many species are gradually ________________________. 【答案】With the living environment becoming worse and worse; dying out 【详解】考查with的复合结构和短语。句意：随着生存环境变得越来越差，许多物种正在逐渐消失。As the living environment becomes worse and worse可以转换为with的复合结构：with+名词+分词，the living environment 与 becomes worse and worse为主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。disappear可以转换为die out。故填With the living environment becoming worse and worse；dying out。 考点10 That’s why… 1. 我和他一起工作过三年，那就是我对他很熟悉的原因。(that’s why...) He and I have worked together for three years. ________________________. 【答案】That’s why I am so familiar with him 【详解】考查表语从句。that’s why+表语从句(其内容表示结果)，意为“那是为什么”，时态为一般现在时，表示客观事实，be familiar with表“熟悉”，表示“那就是我对他很熟悉的原因”应用that’s why I am so familiar with him。故填That’s why I am so familiar with him。 2. I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job. →________________________ I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. 【答案】The reason why I’m writing to apply for the job is that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我的英语很好，而且我很容易相处。这就是我写信申请这份工作的原因。改写句将这两句并为一句话，用The reason why…is that…(……的原因是……)结构，I’m writing to apply for the job代入why后作定语从句，that引出表语从句，表示理由。故填The reason why I’m writing to apply for the job is that。 3. Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. That was because he fell ill suddenly. (同义句转换) ①Jack fell ill suddenly. That was why ________________________. ②Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. The reason was that ________________________. 【答案】①he didn't take part in the sports meeting. ②he fell ill suddenly. 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：杰克没有参加运动会。那是因为他突然生病了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要描述“杰克没有参加运动会”(结果)和“他突然生病了”(原因)之间的逻辑关系。原句是先描述结果，再描述原因，用because引导表语从句，表示“这是因为…”的意思。第一个同义句是先描述原因，再描述结果，所以是Jack fell ill suddenly. That was why he didn't take part in the sports meeting.这里用why引导表语从句，表示“这是为什么…”的意思。第二个同义句也是先描述结果，再描述原因，用that引导表语从句，直接说明原因，表示“原因是…”的意思，所以是Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. The reason was that he fell ill suddenly.故答案是he didn't take part in the sports meeting和he fell ill suddenly。 考点11 that/ whether引导主语从句 1. It remains unknown ________ these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前尚不清楚这些社会变化是否导致了多样的家庭模式。这个句子是it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句中成份是完整的，结合句意可知缺少“是否”的意思，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。 2. ________ the task can be completed on time is doubtful. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任务能否按时完成还是个疑问。设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示“是否”的含义，应用连词whether引导从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。 3. It suddenly occurred to me ________ I knew how to solve that problem. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然想到我知道如何解决那个问题。表示“某人突然想到……”句型为It suddenly occurred/occurs to sb. that…，其中it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句。故填that。 考点12 连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句 1． is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：显而易见的是，三星堆故事的诸多方面至今仍笼罩在神秘之中。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 2． the newly-built modern museum with advanced exhibition facilities and interactive zones will officially open to the public and warmly welcome visitors from all over the country has not been announced yet. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】When 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这座新建的现代化博物馆拥有先进的展览设施和互动区，何时正式向公众开放，热情欢迎来自全国各地的游客，目前还没有公布。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处需填引导词，从句“the newly-built modern museum...from all over the country” 语义完整（新建现代博物馆将正式对外开放、欢迎全国游客），缺少“时间”相关疑问词，所以此处为连接副词When引导。故填When。 3． this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 一、阅读理解 （25-26高一上·湖南长沙·月考）Hydrogen fuel-cell (氢燃料电池) vehicles aren’t just from science fiction or unusual experiments. Cars run on hydrogen, like the Toyota Mirai and Hyundai Nexo, are already available, and hydrogen fuel-cell technology is developing fast with the support of billions of dollars in federal research. So why are hydrogen cars almost never seen on U.S. roads today? “The answer is simple: cost issues,” Sergey Paltsev, a senior scientist at the MIT Energy Initiative told Popular Science. Politicians and car makers once supported the fuel cell — which turns hydrogen’s chemical energy into electricity to power an electric motor — as the future of passenger cars. But cheaper batteries and a lot of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (基础设施) have pushed battery-electric cars far ahead. To switch widely to hydrogen cars, we need to cut costs and build a large amount of infrastructure. The Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center shows 55 public hydrogen fueling station locations in the U.S. today, almost only in California, while there are more than 68,000 active public electric vehicle charging stations across the country. “Nothing will change next year, or probably even in the next five years, but hydrogen vehicles have better uses ahead,” said Paltsev. In fact, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles work better for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks and aviation (航空). Also, battery-electric vehicles have problems when it comes to driving range, charging time or carrying heavy loads. The fact that hydrogen passenger cars aren’t practical in places like the U.S. now doesn’t mean we should just give up on hydrogen fuel-cell technology. “We might need it for many other reasons in the future,” Paltsev warned. He pointed out that international political issues could impede the supply of raw materials for batteries, making hydrogen cars suddenly more affordable. 1．What do we learn about the development of hydrogen fueling stations in the U.S.? A．They are evenly distributed across all states in the United States. B．Their number is far less than that of electric vehicle charging stations. C．They will reach 68,000 in the next five years according to current trends. D．They are mainly built to serve passenger cars as their primary target users. 2．We can infer from the passage that battery-electric vehicles ________. A．are not suitable for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks B．have solved the problems of driving range and charging time C．will be replaced by hydrogen vehicles in five years D．require fewer raw materials than hydrogen vehicles 3．The underlined word "impede" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．hide B．delay C．encourage D．block 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Hydrogen vehicles have completely lost the competition with battery-electric cars. B．Hydrogen fuel-cell technology is useless due to high costs and poor infrastructure. C．Hydrogen vehicles face current challenges but have promising applications in the future. D．The U.S. government should stop investing in hydrogen fuel-cell research. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了氢燃料电池车已问世且技术发展快，但因成本高、配套设施少，在美国道路上罕见。该技术未来更适用于卡车和航空领域，仍具发展价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center shows 55 public hydrogen fueling station locations in the U.S. today, almost only in California, while there are more than 68,000 active public electric vehicle charging stations across the country.(美国能源部的替代燃料数据中心显示，目前美国共有55个公共氢燃料加注站，几乎都集中在加利福尼亚州，而全美范围内有超过68000个活跃的公共电动汽车充电站)” 可知，氢燃料站的数量远少于电动汽车充电站。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles work better for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks and aviation (航空). Also, battery-electric vehicles have problems when it comes to driving range, charging time or carrying heavy loads.(事实上，氢燃料电池车辆在中型和重型卡车以及航空领域表现更为出色。此外，纯电动汽车在续航里程、充电时间或承载重物方面存在一些问题)”可知，电动汽车不适合中重型卡车。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“He pointed out that international political issues could impede the supply of raw materials for batteries, making hydrogen cars suddenly more affordable.(他指出，国际政治问题可能会impede电池原材料的供应，从而使氢能源汽车突然变得更经济实惠)”可知，“电池原材料供应受影响”会让氢能源汽车更具优势，推测“impede”应表示对供应的负面作用，结合选项“block（阻碍）”符合语境。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Nothing will change next year, or probably even in the next five years, but hydrogen vehicles have better uses ahead(明年情况不会有任何改变，甚至在未来五年内也大概不会有变化，但氢能源汽车未来仍有更广阔的应用前景)”以及文章主要说明了氢燃料电池车已问世且技术发展快，但因成本高、配套设施少，在美国道路上罕见。该技术未来更适用于卡车和航空领域，仍具发展价值。可知，这篇文章的主旨是氢能源汽车目前面临一些挑战，但未来仍有广阔的应用前景。故选C。 二、阅读七选五 （25-26高一上·山东济宁·期中）If you’re interested in writing a letter to your future self, but don’t know where to start, here are some steps you can take: Decide how far into the future you want to read your letter The content of any letter depends on the reader. The content of your letter to your future self might change depending on whether you’re writing for someone three months or three years into the future. 1 You can also write several letters to different future selves. Provide context (背景信息) for your future self If you’re writing your letter for self-improvement, it’s important to note where you’re starting from. Providing context can serve two purposes. 2 Besides, it can show you how much has happened between the letter’s writing and your reading of it. Express your hopes Talk about what you hope your future self will have achieved. 3 When you read the letter in the future, your words might make you feel proud because you’ve achieved what was important to you. Ask yourself questions 4 Ask whether you got closer to a new friend, or if something you were looking forward to happened. These can also add context for your future self about what was important to you when you wrote the letter. Express thanks and kindness for yourself Finally, remember to include words of kindness and support for your future self. You never know where you’ll be when you finally read the letter, and hearing that you’re cared for and loved can help you stay positive. 5 That’s because they can make your future self feel discouraged or unvalued when you read the letter. A．It acts as a safe way to communicate. B．It can be a fun reminder of where you were. C．The length of letter requires special attention. D．You can write the letter as far into the future as you like. E．Try not to include hurtful words about yourself in the letter. F．Consider including questions for your future self in your letter. G．You could talk about a project you’ve started that you hope to finish. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．G 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了给未来的自己写信的五个具体步骤，包括确定读信时间、提供背景信息、表达期望、自我提问、表达感谢与善意。 1．上文“The content of any letter depends on the reader. The content of your letter to your future self might change depending on whether you’re writing for someone three months or three years into the future.(任何信件的内容都取决于读者。给未来的自己写信时，内容可能会因收件人是三个月后的你还是三年后的你而有所不同。)”提到写给3个月后或3年后的自己，内容可能不同。选项D“You can write the letter as far into the future as you like.(你可以把信写给未来任意久远的自己。)”承接上文的时间选择，符合逻辑。故选D。 2．上文“If you’re writing your letter for self-improvement, it’s important to note where you’re starting from. Providing context can serve two purposes. (如果你写这封信是为了自我提升，那么注明自己的起点至关重要。提供背景信息有两个作用。)”提到提供背景有两个目的。选项B“It can be a fun reminder of where you were.(它可以有趣地提醒你当时的状态)”对应背景信息的第一个目的，符合逻辑。故选B。 3．上文“Talk about what you hope your future self will have achieved.(谈谈你希望未来的自己已经实现的目标。)”提到谈论你希望未来的自己已经实现的事情。选项G“You could talk about a project you’ve started that you hope to finish. (你可以说说一个已经开始且希望完成的项目。)”是对希望实现的事情的具体举例，让抽象的“期望”变得具体可感，符合段落逻辑。故选G。 4．下文“Ask whether you got closer to a new friend, or if something you were looking forward to happened. These can also add context for your future self about what was important to you when you wrote the letter.(问问自己是否与新朋友的关系更亲近了，或者曾经期待的某件事是否已经发生。这些问题还能为未来的自己补充背景信息，以知道你写信时最看重的是什么。)”提到问问自己是否与新朋友更亲近了，或者期待的事情是否发生了。选项F“Consider including questions for your future self in your letter. (考虑在信中加入一些给未来自己的问题。)”是本段的中心句，直接点题。故选F。 5．上文“Finally, remember to include words of kindness and support for your future self. You never know where you’ll be when you finally read the letter, and hearing that you’re cared for and loved can help you stay positive.(最后，记得在信中加入对未来自己的善意与支持。你永远不知道读信时自己身处何种境遇，而感受到来自过去的关爱与珍视，能帮助你保持积极的心态。)”提到要包含善意和支持的话语。选项E“Try not to include hurtful words about yourself in the letter.(尽量不要在信中加入对自己的伤害性话语)”与前文内容一致，指出信中不要有不好的话语。故选E。 三、完形填空 （25-26高一上·山东淄博·期中）Many years ago, there was a young boy named Daniel who lived in a small village. He was a gifted student with a passion 1 science, but he faced a significant 2 : his family was too poor to afford the necessary equipment and resources for his 3 . 4 , Daniel’s determination to pursue his passion did not waver (动摇). He collected waste materials from the local factory and used them to create 5 lab equipment. His creativity and resourcefulness allowed him to conduct simple experiments, and he learned a great deal from them. One day, Daniel heard about a national science 6 for students. The winner would receive an award to a well-known university. Daniel knew this was a(n) 7 to change his life, so he decided to enter the competition. He spent countless hours designing and building a(n) 8 device that could turn waste materials into renewable energy. Despite numerous setbacks and 9 , Daniel never gave up. He worked tirelessly, 10 and improving his invention. When the day of the competition arrived, Daniel 11 his invention to the judges. They were 12 by his talent and the potential impact of his invention on the environment. To Daniel’s delight, he was declared the 13 of the competition. Daniel’s victory not only earned him a scholarship (奖学金) but also inspired others in his village to 14 their dreams, 15 their circumstances. His story serves as a powerful reminder that with determination, creativity, and a little bit of resourcefulness, one can overcome barriers and achieve great things. 1．A．in B．with C．on D．for 2．A．opportunity B．challenge C．change D．interview 3．A．experiments B．learning C．money D．equipment 4．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Although 5．A．familiar B．remote C．expensive D．temporary 6．A．introduction B．competition C．lesson D．scholarship 7．A．chance B．expectation C．talent D．difficulties 8．A．limited B．talented C．unique D．countless 9．A．successes B．intelligence C．chances D．failures 10．A．bettering B．comparing C．watering D．filling 11．A．discussed B．admitted C．presented D．declared 12．A．persuaded B．included C．recommended D．impressed 13．A．holder B．winner C．keeper D．host 14．A．go after B．reach out C．come true D．long for 15．A．only if B．in search of C．in spite of D．even if 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了出身贫困的学生Daniel凭借决心、创造力和资源利用能力，自制实验设备并在全国科学竞赛中获胜，最终获得奖学金并激励他人追逐梦想的故事。 1．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他是一名有天赋的学生，热爱科学，但他面临着一个重大挑战：他的家庭太穷，无法负担实验所需的设备和资源。A. in在……内；B. with和……一起；C. on在……上；D. for对于。根据“a passion __1__ science”可知，此处是固定搭配a passion for...，意为“对……的热爱”。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是一名有天赋的学生，热爱科学，但他面临着一个重大挑战：他的家庭太穷，无法负担实验所需的设备和资源。A. opportunity机会；B. challenge挑战；C. change改变；D. interview面试。根据下文“his family was too poor to afford...”可知，这是他面临的困难、挑战。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是一名有天赋的学生，热爱科学，但他面临着一个重大挑战：他的家庭太穷，无法负担实验所需的设备和资源。A. experiments实验；B. learning学习；C. money钱；D. equipment设备。根据上文“a passion __1__ science”以及下文“conduct simple experiments”可知，此处是指做实验所需的资源。故选A。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Daniel追求热爱的决心并未动摇。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Although尽管。根据上文“his family was too poor to afford...”以及下文“Daniel’s determination to pursue his passion did not waver (动摇)”可知，家庭贫困和决心未动摇是转折关系，此处需填However。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他从当地工厂收集废料，并用它们制作临时的实验设备。A. familiar熟悉的；B. remote遥远的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. temporary临时的。根据上文“collected waste materials”可知，这些实验设备是临时的。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，Daniel听说了一个面向学生的全国科学竞赛。A. introduction介绍；B. competition竞赛；C. lesson课程；D. scholarship奖学金。根据下文“enter the competition”可知，此处是指比赛、竞赛。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Daniel知道这是改变他人生的机会，所以他决定参加比赛。A. chance机会；B. expectation期望；C. talent天赋；D. difficulties困难。根据下文“to change his life”以及“he decided to enter the competition”可知，这是一个机会。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他花了无数个小时设计并制造了一个能将废料转化为可再生能源的独特装置。A. limited有限的；B. talented有天赋的；C. unique独特的；D. countless无数的。根据下文“turn waste materials into renewable energy”可知，这个装置是特别的、独特的，talented常用来修饰人。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管遭遇了无数的挫折和失败，Daniel从未放弃。A. successes成功；B. intelligence智慧；C. chances机会；D. failures失败。根据上文“setbacks and”以及下文“Daniel never gave up”可知，此处是指失败。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不知疲倦地工作，改进并完善他的发明。A. bettering完善；B. comparing比较；C. watering浇水；D. filling填充。根据下文“improving his invention”可知，此处是指完善发明。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛当天，Daniel向评委们展示了他的发明。A. discussed讨论；B. admitted承认；C. presented展示；D. declared宣布。根据上文“When the day of the competition arrived”以及下文“to the judges”可知，此处是指在比赛中展示发明。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们对他的天赋以及他的发明对环境的潜在影响印象深刻。A. persuaded说服；B. included包含；C. recommended推荐；D. impressed使印象深刻。根据下文“his talent and the potential impact”以及“To Daniel’s delight”可知，评委们印象深刻。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令Daniel高兴的是，他被宣布为比赛的获胜者。A. holder持有者；B. winner获胜者；C. keeper保管者；D. host主人。根据上文“To Daniel’s delight”以及下文“victory”可知，此处是指比赛的获胜者。故选B。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Daniel的胜利不仅为他赢得了奖学金，还激励村里的其他人去追逐自己的梦想。A. go after追逐；B. reach out伸出；C. come true实现；D. long for渴望。根据下文“their dreams”可知，此处是指追逐梦想。故选A。 15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：Daniel的胜利不仅为他赢得了奖学金，还激励村里的其他人不顾自身处境，去追逐自己的梦想。A. only if只有；B. in search of寻找；C. in spite of尽管；D. even if即使，后接从句。根据上文“to __14__ their dreams”、下文“their circumstances”以及“overcome barriers ”可知，此处是指尽管处境艰难。故选C。 四、语法填空 （25-26高一上·河北张家口·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This year’s China International Import Expo (博览会), 1 visitors got a preview of the city’s “air taxi” future, was an impressive event. At the expo, the travel company Vertaxi set up a “vertip”, 2 (let) visitors experience the full process of “flying a ride” — from scanning (扫描) a QR code 3 (board) to taking off. Reporters from Shanghai Television test-rode the company’s latest manned aircraft, the M1 “air taxi,” and described it as surprisingly 4 (space) and comfortable. The five-seat cabin hold at least five 20-inch suitcases, with ultra-thin seven-centimeter seats 5 (design) to free up legroom. A trip from Hongqiao to Pudong would take a mere 10 minutes, while flying from the National Exhibition and Convention Center to Yangcheng Lake would take around 15 minutes, a 6 (striking) shorter time compared to an hour or more by car, the company said. Another model was the E20 eVTOL, 7 electric vertical  (竖直的) takeoff and landing aircraft capable of flying 200 kilometers 8 a speed of 320 km/h. It carries one pilot and four passengers and, being fully electric, 9 (expect) to keep flight costs close to a taxi ride — about the same price for a 100-kilometer journey. The company’s representative said that commercial operations could begin as early as next year, calling the “flying taxi” era “forthcoming.” The concept has caused a heated 10 (discuss) online. Many netizens celebrated it as “the future of commuting” and “a sci-fi dream come true,” while others were concerned, noting that safety standards, legal frameworks, and pilot training should be established before the service takes flight. 【答案】 1．where 2．letting 3．to board 4．spacious 5．designed 6．strikingly 7．an 8．at 9．is expected 10．discussion 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了今年中国国际进口博览会上展示的“空中出租车”相关情况及引发讨论。 1．考查定语从句。句意：今年的中国国际进口博览会是一场令人印象深刻的活动，参观者们提前预览了这座城市的“空中出租车”未来。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是This year’s China International Import Expo，指物，且在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在博览会上，旅游公司Vertaxi设立了一个“垂直站点”，让参观者体验“飞行乘坐”的全过程——从扫描二维码登机到起飞。本句已有谓语动词set up，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，此处动词let与其逻辑主语Vertaxi之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词letting作状语。故填letting。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“scan a QR code to board”是固定搭配“扫码为了登机”，因此用不定式作目的状语。故填to board。 4．考查形容词。句意：上海电视台的记者试乘了该公司最新的人驾驶飞机M1“空中出租车”，并形容它宽敞舒适得令人惊讶。空处与形容词comfortable并列，作宾语补足语，描述“air taxi”的特点，故用space对应的形容词spacious，意为“宽敞的”。故填spacious。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：五座客舱至少可容纳五个20英寸的手提箱，超薄的七厘米座椅设计用于释放腿部空间。本句已有谓语动词hold，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词，构成with的复合结构，动词design与其逻辑主语seats之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词designed作宾语补足语。故填designed。 6．考查副词比较级。句意：该公司表示，从虹桥到浦东只需10分钟，而从国家会展中心飞到阳澄湖大约需要15分钟，与开车一小时或更长时间相比，时间明显更短。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词shorter，根据空后“compared to an hour or more by car”可知，空处需用副词比较级strikingly“显著地，明显地”。故填strikingly。 7．考查冠词。句意：另一款是E20 eVTOL，一种电动垂直起降飞机，能够以320公里/小时的速度飞行200公里。空处需用冠词修饰名词aircraft，此处表示泛指，且electric以元音音素开头，所以空处需用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．考查介词。句意同上。at a speed of…，固定搭配，意为“以……的速度”。故填at。 9．考查时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：它可搭载一名飞行员和四名乘客，由于是全电动，预计飞行成本将接近乘坐出租车——100公里的行程价格大致相同。句子主语 it 指代前文的E20 eVTOL，与expect是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，所以be动词需用is。故填is expected。 10．考查名词。句意：这个概念在网上引起了热烈的讨论。a heated后需接可数名词单数，discuss的名词为discussion“讨论”。故填discussion。 五、写作 应用文写作 （25-26高二上·广东茂名·期中）假设你是李华，你校将举办“未来生活与新技术”主题演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一篇发言稿，分享你对新技术改变未来生活的看法。内容包括： 1. 简述新技术对未来生活的影响； 2. 表达你对新技术发展的观点。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按以下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s look forward to a better future with new technology. Thank you! 【答案】例文： Dear fellow students, It’s my great honor to share my views on how new technology will change our future life. New technologies like artificial intelligence and smart devices will profoundly impact our future life. They will make daily tasks more efficient, such as AI-powered robots handling housework and smartwatches monitoring our health in real time. I hold the view that new technology is a powerful driver of progress. It not only enhances our quality of life but also opens up new possibilities for human development. We should embrace it actively and strive to master related skills. Let’s look forward to a better future with new technology. Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，为演讲比赛写一篇发言稿，需简述新技术对未来生活的影响，并陈述个人对新技术发展的观点。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 影响：impact→ influence 处理：handle→tackle 强大的：powerful→mighty 提高：enhance→improve 2. 句式拓展 升级为倒装句 原句：It not only enhances our quality of life but also opens up new possibilities for human development. 拓展句：Not only does it enhance our quality of life but it also opens up new possibilities for human development. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s my great honor to share my views on how new technology will change our future life. (运用了how引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I hold the view that new technology is a powerful driver of progress. (运用了that引导同位语从句) 读后续写 （25-26高二上·安徽阜阳·月考）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One year ago, when we were in the fifth grade, a new classmate named Jack joined us. One day, a boy knocked his backpack and many crushed soda cans and empty drink bottles that we usually throw into the dustbin fell out. Therefore, the boys in our class mocked him as the “trash king”. Later, during a class meeting, our teacher, Ms. Green, told us about his story of using garbage to make inventions. It turned out that Jack was not an ordinary elementary school student, but a “garbage-inspired inventor” who had won the city invention award. According to Ms. Green, most of his inventions were picked up from garbage dumps. During that class meeting, Jack showed us his invention of a “domestic wastewater separation system”. Afterwards, some of us became deeply interested in these small inventions and started to admire Jack’s way of “picking up trash”. We even joined him in picking up trash on weekends and during holidays. From then on, we no longer called him the “trash king”. Instead, we formed a group of five boys and actively searched for usable materials in various garbage dumps around the city. Under Jack’s guidance, we learned that there are many uses for seemingly useless trash. Once, we stayed at school to process the collected materials. Jack mentioned that he was facing a problem with his latest invention — a small cart for buying vegetables that needed to be lightweight. All other materials were solved except for the wheels. How could we find a suitable material for the wheels? We racked our brains and came up with different ideas, for example, taking off the wheels from suitcases. However, Jack reminded us that our group should focus on making inventions from waste rather than causing damage to create them. We were all deep in thought. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. What if we use bottle caps as wheels for Jack’s vegetable cart? It seemed like a simple solution, but it could work if we found enough bottle caps. Excited, I shared my idea with the group the next day. Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the potential of this suggestion. We immediately set out to collect as many bottle caps as we could find, not only searching the garbage dumps but also asking friends and family to save them for us. Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart. It was a moment of triumph for all of us when we saw our collective efforts and creativity come to fruition. The cart rolled smoothly, and we celebrated our success with high fives and laughter. This experience taught us the power of cooperation, innovation, and looking beyond the surface of things. Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity, our group continued to explore ways to repurpose waste, knowing that small actions could lead to big changes. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了新同学Jack被嘲笑为“垃圾王”后，在老师Ms. Green的介绍下，大家了解到他是一位利用垃圾进行发明的“垃圾启发式发明家”。同学们开始对Jack的发明产生兴趣，并加入他一起在垃圾堆中寻找可用材料。在为Jack的最新发明——买菜小推车寻找合适的轮子材料时，大家集思广益却未找到理想方案的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我回到家，喝了一瓶水后，我突然有了一个想法。”可知，第一段可描写作者想到用瓶盖作为轮子的创意，并与小组成员分享，大家开始积极收集瓶盖的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“Jack确实采纳了我的建议，并在他的买菜小推车上固定了一排瓶盖作为轮子。”可知，第二段可描写看到用瓶盖作为轮子的推车成功运行后，大家的喜悦和成就感，以及这次经历对大家的启发和影响。 2.续写线索：想到瓶盖创意——分享创意——收集瓶盖——采纳建议固定瓶盖——推车成功运行——喜悦和成就感——启发和影响 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①意识到：realize/be aware of ②开始做某事：set out to do/set about doing ③导致：lead to/result in/bring about 情绪类 ①兴奋的：excited/thrilled/enthusiastic ②喜悦：triumph/joy/delight 【点睛】【高分句型1】Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the potential of this suggestion.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity, our group continued to explore ways to repurpose waste, knowing that small actions could lead to big changes.（运用了过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句） ( 1 / 26 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $