考前押题07 六选四题6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪外版

专题07 六选四题 话题1 社会现象与生活感知 话题4 社会服务与人际沟通 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 自然生态与健康 话题3 文化传统与体验 话题6 语言学习 话题 1 社会现象与生活感知 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海普陀区长征中学·期末） What Makes You Want More and More? The Diderot effect is perhaps one of the most peculiar aspects of buyer behavior, namely the tendency to consume more and more. It has been named in honor of Denis Diderot, the 18th-century French writer and philosopher. The effect was first described in Diderot’s essay “Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown.” Here he tells how the gift of a beautiful red gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to regret his new gown. 1 He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in leather; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. “I was absolute master of my old dressing gown,” Diderot writes, “but I have become a slave to my new one...” 2 Oftentimes people feel the need to surround themselves with goods that match in terms of value. Advertising, media and social environment often push us to buy things that we have not considered buying at all. This consumer buying behavior is pretty common. A person buys a new car and subsequently (随后) spends a large sum of money on a high-class audio system. Having bought an expensive sofa in the living room, a person starts to notice that the rest of his furniture looks rather old-fashioned compared to the new furnishings. 3 3 Still, in Becoming Minimalist, writer Joshua Becker has a few other suggestions. Buy things for their usefulness rather than their status. Stop trying to impress others with your stuff and start trying to impress them with your life. Remind yourself that possessions do not define you. Abundance (丰裕) of life is not found in the things that you own. Your possessions do not define you or your success — no matter what marketers try to tell you. A．Buying a man’s suit requires appropriate accessories (配饰) to match the look. B．The Diderot effect today refers to excessive consumerism. C．The famous French philosopher Denis Diderot lived nearly his entire life in poverty. D．Compared with his new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem cheap. E．Simply being aware of this phenomenon will probably go a long way toward preventing it. F．The Diderot Effect can also apply to the places we are familiar with, and even the people we know. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了过度消费的原因以及解决办法。 1．根据空格前的句子“Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to regret his new gown.(起初，狄德罗对这份礼物很满意，但后来他对自己的新睡衣感到后悔)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着解释他感到后悔的原因。D项“Compared with his new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem cheap.(与他的新睡衣相比，他的其他东西就显得便宜多了)”引出下文因新睡衣引起的过度购买，自己变成了新睡衣的奴隶，所以D项填入空格处，符合语境。故选D项。 2．空格处是该段的主题句。根据下文的内容“Oftentimes people feel the need to surround themselves with goods that match in terms of value. Advertising, media and social environment often push us to buy things that we have not considered buying at all.(人们常常觉得有必要让自己周围的商品在价值上相匹配。广告、媒体和社会环境经常促使我们购买我们根本没有考虑过的东西)”可知，本段主要是说人们经常会购买一些根本没有考虑过的东西导致过度消费。所以B项“The Diderot effect today refers to excessive consumerism.(今天的狄德罗效应指的是过度消费主义)”填入空格处，符合段落主题，概括本段内容。故选B项。 3．空格前的句子“A person buys a new car and subsequently (随后) spends a large sum of money on a high-class audio system. Having bought an expensive sofa in the living room, a person starts to notice that the rest of his furniture looks rather old-fashioned compared to the new furnishings.(一个人买了一辆新车，然后花了一大笔钱买了一套高级音响系统。在客厅里买了一张昂贵的沙发后，一个人开始注意到，与新家具相比，他的其他家具看起来相当过时)”讲述的是因购买新东西而引起的其它购买行为。空格处的句子也应该是接着列举类似现象。A项“Buying a man’s suit requires appropriate accessories (配饰) to match the look.(买一套男士西装需要合适的配饰来搭配)”呼应上文，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据空格后的句子“Still, in Becoming Minimalist, writer Joshua Becker has a few other suggestions.(不过，在《成为极简主义者》一书中，作家约书亚·贝克尔提出了一些其他建议)”可知，空格处的句子也应该是防止过度消费的建议。所以，E项“Simply being aware of this phenomenon will probably go a long way toward preventing it.(只要意识到这一现象，就可能对预防它大有帮助)”指的是意识到过度消费的问题就可能预防，提供了一个简单但有效的解决方案来应对Diderot效应，引出下文提到的解决办法，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Why Monday Is the Most Misunderstood Day When the Boomtown Rats, an Irish band, released “Don’t Like Mondays” in 1979, the song became an instant hit. The inspiration behind it was the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego that year. The 16-year-old perpetrator listed “not liking Mondays” as her main reason for firing 36 shots, killing two adults and injuring eight children and a police officer. This is not, though, why the song resonated with millions of people around the world. 1 What many do recognize all too well is the difficulty of summoning the energy to get out of bed on Monday mornings in order to face the week ahead. Many bosses argue that starting off the week in person in the office creates good energy. They think that the initial meeting in the office can boost morale and encourage teamwork, which is essential for a productive work environment. 26 A paper published in 2021 by the Journal of Applied Psychology provides some insight into this debate. The study found that people tend to be more ill-mannered on Mondays, possibly due to the transition from a relaxed weekend to a busy work schedule, and grow more courteous and more engaged with their work as the week unfolds and employees settle into their routines. Another paper from 2015 by Yun Tae Hwang and Amy Kang published in the Medical Journal of Australia goes so far as to diagnose a new condition, Mondayitis. 2 These symptoms typically appear on the first working day after a period off work, which could be a weekend or a longer holiday. They can lead sufferers to call in sick, decide to work from home or, if they do show up in the office, come across as detached and unavailable. So much for good energy. 3 Some Americans now complain of “Sunday scaries”, when pre-Monday dread sets in as the weekend draws to a close. Both conditions can be aggravated by a weekend hangover, a looming deadline or painful memories. They are likely to be particularly acute among the nearly half of American workers who, according to a poll from 2022 conducted by UKG, an HR-software company, hate their jobs. A．Most of them are in all likelihood unaware of its tragic origins. B．Mondayitis appears to be contagious, infecting other days of the week. C．While this approach is favored by some, plenty of employees beg to differ. D．They are highly motivated in all walks of life, and even somewhat workaholic. E．The condition is not just a figment of the imagination but has real physiological effects. F．It is defined as “a systemic illness with symptoms including fatigue, irritability or light-headedness”. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为何星期一是最被误解的一天及其原因。 1．由上文“When the Boomtown Rats, an Irish band, released “Don’t Like Mondays” in 1979, the song became an instant hit. The inspiration behind it was the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego that year. The 16-year-old perpetrator listed “not liking Mondays” as her main reason for firing 36 shots, killing two adults and injuring eight children and a police officer. This is not, though, why the song resonated with millions of people around the world. (1979 年，爱尔兰乐队the Boomtown Rats 发行了《不喜欢星期一》，这首歌立刻大受欢迎。这首歌背后的灵感来自于当年圣地亚哥的克利夫兰小学枪击案。这名 16 岁的作案者将“不喜欢星期一”列为她开枪 36 次的主要原因，导致两名成年人死亡，八名儿童和一名警察受伤。不过，这并不是这首歌能引起全球数百万人共鸣的原因。)”及下文“What many do recognize all too well is the difficulty of summoning the energy to get out of bed on Monday mornings in order to face the week ahead. (很多人非常清楚的是，在周一早上鼓起精力起床去面对新的一周是多么困难。)”可知，上文提到这首歌并非因为那场悲剧事件而广受欢迎，下文解释是因为人们普遍对周一早晨起床面对一周工作的困难感同身受而喜欢这首歌。本空应解释听众可能并不了解这首歌的悲剧起源。A选项“Most of them are in all likelihood unaware of its tragic origins. (他们中的大多数人很可能不知道它的悲惨起源。)”能承接上文关于这首歌受欢迎原因不是其背后的悲剧事件，又能引出下文人们对周一起床困难的共鸣，符合题意。故选A。 2．由上文“Many bosses argue that starting off the week in person in the office creates good energy. They think that the initial meeting in the office can boost morale and encourage teamwork, which is essential for a productive work environment. (许多老板认为，周一亲自到办公室上班能营造良好的氛围。他们认为办公室的首次会议可以鼓舞士气，鼓励团队合作，这对高效的工作环境至关重要。)”及下文“A paper published in 2021 by the Journal of Applied Psychology provides some insight into this debate.（《应用心理学杂志》2021 年发表的一篇论文为这场辩论提供了一些见解。)”可知，上文提到许多老板认为周一在办公室开会可以提升士气、促进团队合作。下文描述了对这场辩论的新见解，这里需要一个转折句来引出员工的不同看法，从而引发后面的辩论。C选项“While this approach is favored by some, plenty of employees beg to differ. (虽然这种方法受到一些人的青睐，但很多员工却不这么认为。)”能很好地承接上文老板的观点，并引出下文关于这一观点的辩论，符合题意。故选C。 3．由上文“Another paper from 2015 by Yun Tae Hwang and Amy Kang published in the Medical Journal of Australia goes so far as to diagnose a new condition, Mondayitis. (2015 年，Yun Tae Hwang和Amy Kang在《澳大利亚医学杂志》上发表的另一篇论文甚至诊断出了一种新的病症——Mondayitis。)”可知，上文提到一篇论文诊断了一种名为“Mondayitis”的新病症。这里需要一个句子来具体描述这种病症的症状。F选项“It is defined as “a systemic illness with symptoms including fatigue, irritability or light-headedness”.(它被定义为“一种全身性疾病，症状包括疲劳、易怒或头晕”。)”符合对“Mondayitis”症状描述的语境，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 4．由下文“Some Americans now complain of “Sunday scaries”, when pre-Monday dread sets in as the weekend draws to a close. (一些美国人现在抱怨“Sunday scaries”，当周末接近尾声时，对周一的恐惧就开始了。)”可知，本空应进一步说明“Mondayitis”的影响已经不局限于周一。B选项“Mondayitis appears to be contagious, infecting other days of the week. (周一病似乎具有传染性，会影响到一周中的其他日子。)”能很好地引出下文“周日恐惧症”这种对周一恐惧提前到周日的情况，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Rational Online Shopping It’s a tradition for Chinese to make special purchases such as snacks and festive food during the Spring Festival season. So many sellers try to attract consumers by various discounts and special offers, including online sellers. Recently, during the Spring Festival season, group buying websites have seen their businesses booming due to New Year packages. Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. 29 The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. 1 Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. So just think carefully before buying online. Recently, some people have shared their annual online shopping bill on social media and many have been shocked by the total sum they spent during the past year. The total bill exceeded 10,000 yuan for many netizens. Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. 2 It was simply because the prices were lower. Some had free delivery, and others might have been discounted. In addition, there were also some discounted seasons such as the Single Day Discount on November 11. Even people would normally not buy things they had never thought about having, they just found themselves doing it when seeing the discount. Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. 3 Never spend more than you can afford. She urges shoppers to bear in mind that every shop owner wants to motivate buyers to spend. THINK TWICE before you buy. A．Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. B．Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? C．Traditionally, people tend to consider expensive items to be of high-quality. D．So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. E．However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. F．What can we do to prevent ourselves from buying things without rational thoughts? 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕春节期间网络团购年货这一现象展开，讨论了网购的便利性，同时也提醒消费者要理性购物，避免过度消费。 1．根据空前的“Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. (现在，许多来自全国各地的地方小吃被卖家包装成新年礼物。)”可知，卖家将地方小吃包装成新年礼物，这对消费者来说在挑选礼物时会更方便，D选项“So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. (所以这可以节省消费者挑选礼物的时间和麻烦。)”中的“it”指代前文卖家将小吃包装成新年礼物这件事，且说明了这样做给消费者带来的好处，符合语境。故选D项。 2．根据空前的“The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. (较低的价格吸引了许多消费者。其中一个网站表示，他们一天就能吸引超过10万名消费者。)”以及空后的“Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. (否则，你可能会以一个空钱包开始新的一年。)”可知，此处应是从消费者被低价吸引这一情况转折到提醒消费者不要过度购物，E选项“However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. (然而，专家提醒消费者要控制网上过度购物的冲动。)”起到了转折和提醒的作用，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据空前的“Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. (翻看账单，许多人承认他们在网上买的很多东西都是不必要的。)”以及空后的“It was simply because the prices were lower. (只是因为价格更低。)”可知，空处应是提出一个关于人们买不必要的东西的问题，从而引出下文对该问题的回答，B选项“Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? (为什么人们会如此盲目地购买他们并不真正需要的东西？)”为一个问题，且空后的内容是对该问题的回答，符合语境。故选B项。 4．根据空前的“Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. (刘桂莉是南昌大学公共管理学院的教授。她说，网上购物很便捷，受到许多消费者的青睐，但在把商品装满网购购物车之前，需要做出正确的判断。)”以及空后的“Never spend more than you can afford. (永远不要花超出你承受能力的钱。)”可知，此处应是刘桂莉给出的具体建议，A选项“Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. (此外，她建议消费者应该设定每月的购物预算上限。)”是她提出的具体建议，且与空后内容相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·上海市长宁区·期末） People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. 1 These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). 2 According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. 3 Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. 4 Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A．The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B．It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C．To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D．As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E．The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F．The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喜欢甜食的人也可能是更和善的人，并通过概念隐喻理论进行解释，最后通过实验验证这一结论。 1．根据上文“Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness.(研究表明，对甜食的偏好与随和有关)”以及后文“These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论).(这些联系可以基于概念隐喻理论来解释)”可知，此处应是在说明这种联系是什么，故A选项“这种关联与有时用来描述善良和善良的人的词语（“sweet”或“sweetie”）相吻合”符合语境，故选A。 2．根后文“According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste.(根据这一理论，隐喻映射是一种认知关联，通常是通过经验习得的，它最终允许人们用更容易察觉的术语来思考抽象概念，比如味道)”可知，空处提到了一种理论，故E选项“其核心思想是，隐喻将抽象概念（如善意）映射到更具体的领域（如甜味体验），以帮助理解”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures.(本周发表的一篇新期刊文章旨在研究甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在)”以及后文“Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.) that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy.(参与者完成了一份包含10个项目的宜人性量表，该量表要求他们用1（非常不准确）到5（非常准确）的量表来衡量某些陈述在多大程度上描述了他们，例如“同情他人的感受”、“为他人抽出时间”、“有一颗柔软的心”。参与者还完成了一份甜味偏好量表，其中有10种物品（如糖果、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜等），他们用1（非常不喜欢）到6（非常喜欢）的等级给它们打分。此外，参与者还对五种口味的喜好程度进行了打分：甜、酸、咸、苦和辣)”可知，上文提到“甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在”，下文提到了结果，故此处应是在说为了研究这个问题，研究人员做了什么，故C选项“为了回答这个问题，这项研究测试了来自四个国家的1650名参与者”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据后文“Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework.(特别是，喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，等等。因此，该研究的结果表明，不同文化的人都使用甜味体验来理解或概念化符合理论框架的美好)”可知，后文提到喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，说明喜欢甜食的人更有可能更有亲和性。故F选项“研究发现，在所有样本中，亲和性与两种不同的甜味偏好呈正相关”符合语境，故选F。 话题 2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Positive Thinking Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 1 . Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 2 . People who think positively demonstrate increased life span, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health,reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 3 . In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 4 . Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health. A．It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either B．They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking C．They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small D．As thinking changes,an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well E．Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect F．Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了积极思维对个人行为和习惯、身心健康等方面的积极影响。 1．由上文“Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems,trying to look optimistic.In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person,who is often unaware and uncertain of some events,phenomena,people,or even the person himself. (许多人认为积极思考主要是逃避现实、忽视日常问题，并试图表现得乐观。事实上，这与一个人与自己交谈的方式有更多关系。自言自语是一个人不断思考的过程，他往往对一些事件、现象、人，甚至他自己都不清楚、不确定。)”及下文“Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems,trying to look optimistic.In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person,who is often unaware and uncertain of some events,phenomena,people,or even the person himself. (同时，积极思考有助于停止消极的自言自语，并开始对一个问题形成积极的看法。)”可知，上文提到许多人认为积极思考是逃避现实，下文则指出积极思考有助于停止消极想法，可知本句应当是在说明消极想法的害处。E选项“Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect (消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊。)”能够承上启下，符合题意。E选项中Negative self-talk与下文negative self-talks相对应。故选E。 2．由下文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life span, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health,reduced risks of death from heart problems. (积极思考的人表现出寿命延长、抑郁和焦虑率降低、身心健康状况更好、因心脏问题导致的死亡风险降低。)”可知，下文列举积极思考对人的身心的好处，可知本句应当强调积极思考对身心的好处。F选项“Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind (积极思考对身体和心灵都有许多有益的影响。)”能引出下文，符合题意，F选项中the body and the mind与下文physical and psychological health相对应。故选F。 3．由上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. (积极思考的、有韧性的人往往把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，任何一种改进的机会，或个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者往往把问题看作是额外压力的来源。)”可知，上文通过对比积极思考与悲观主义者的态度，说明积极思考者会把问题看作是机会，而悲观主义者则会把问题看作是压力，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文继续说明悲观主义者的态度，C选项“They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small (他们往往在尝试解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是小问题也是如此。)”能承接上文，符合题意。C选项中They指代Pessimists。故选C。 4．由上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到问题时，这与无知的乐观主义无关。)”和下文“Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health. (以积极、自我鼓励的方式思考会给一个人的身心健康带来许多好处。)”可知，上文提到积极思考不是无知的乐观主义，下文描述了以积极、自我鼓励的方式思考的身心好处，本句应当是在说明积极思考也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适，A选项“It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either (它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市黄浦区·期末） Can Happiness Be Bought? There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness”. It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are predictable, but a few are surprising. 1 It is quite common to say that money can’t buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be supported by research. Many people still stick to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably mistaken. Studies have been carried out on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the initial joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. 2 Previously contented people continue to be contented, while those who were miserable before sink back into misery. If material wealth does not bring happiness, then what does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with where you live. The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed levels of happiness in different countries. Other surveys consistently point to the importance of relationships. 3 The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the situations that bring the greatest happiness. 4 People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet rather than spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site’s research is accurate, time spent with your family is a better investment than time spent making money. A．In fact, they tended to return to the way they felt before they became rich. B．Nowadays people look to technology as an alternative source of satisfaction. C．Family relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. D．You can’t buy happiness but it looks like you can at least inherit it, some researchers said. E．The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. F．An important implication is that personality traits of being outgoing and reliable provide a resource that drives future happiness. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“世界幸福数据库”中的数据表明，物质财富与总体满足感之间的联系并不强，即使人们突然暴富，他们的幸福感也不会持久，最终会回到暴富前的状态。文章指出，人际关系，特别是家庭关系，是长期满足的关键，虽然现在人们把科技看作是另一种满足的来源，但这一想法很难被证实。 1．前文“There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness”. It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are predictable, but a few are surprising. (有一个网站叫做“世界幸福数据库”。它结合并分析了来自世界各地的数百项关于生活满意度的调查结果。大多数研究结果都在意料之中，但也有一些出人意料)”提到“世界幸福数据库”网站包含很多关于生活满意度的调查结果，后文“It is quite common to say that money can’t buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be supported by research. (人们普遍认为金钱买不到幸福，但这句老话似乎得到了研究的支持)”指出金钱买不到幸福的想法得到了研究支持，空处应该是数据库中的结果揭示了金钱和幸福之间联系不大，因此E项“The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. (该数据库清楚地表明，物质财富和总体满足感之间并没有很强的联系)”符合语境，承接前一段的内容，引出后文，其中的The database指代前文中的World Database of Happiness。故选E。 2．前文“In most cases, after the initial joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. (在大多数情况下，最初的快乐消失后，人们并没有留下持久的幸福感)”提到突然暴富的人通常不会有持久的幸福感，后文“Previously contented people continue to be contented, while those who were miserable before sink back into misery. (以前很满足的人仍然很满足，而那些以前很痛苦的人又回到了痛苦中)”具体说明满足的人仍然满足，痛苦的人仍然痛苦，空处应该是总的说明这些人会回到之前的感觉，因此A项“In fact, they tended to return to the way they felt before they became rich. (事实上，他们往往会回到富有之前的感觉)”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 3．前文“The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed levels of happiness in different countries. Other surveys consistently point to the importance of relationships. (世界幸福数据库的权威人士调查了不同国家的幸福水平。其他调查也一致指出了人际关系的重要性)”指出人际关系会影响幸福水平，后文“The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the situations that bring the greatest happiness. (该网站指出，恋爱和生儿育女是能带来最大幸福的两件事)”指出恋爱和生儿育女最能带来幸福感，空处应该和人际关系中的家庭关系的重要性相关，因此C项“Family relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. (尤其家庭关系似乎是令人能长久感到满足的关键)”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。 4．后文“People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet rather than spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? (人们越来越多地花时间独自看电视或上网，而不是花时间与家人在一起。科技真的能让人幸福吗)”指出人们花更多时间独自看电视或上网，并提问科技是否可以带来幸福，空处应该和科技与幸福之间的关系有关，因此B项“Nowadays people look to technology as an alternative source of satisfaction. (现在人们把科技看作是另一种满足的来源)”符合语境，引出后文，其中的technology在后文有同词复现。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. 57 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. 1 They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. 2 And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. 3 That kind of strategy must come from the top. A．How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B．Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. C．More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong. D．Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. E．They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F．They encouraged new ways of thinking. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了商业领域中速度差异的重要性，并通过研究结果说明了“慢下来以加速”的策略对企业业绩的积极影响，同时指出了战略速度与运营效率之间的区别，强调了战略速度在企业管理中的重要性。 1．上文“In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.(在商业领域，存在着一种速度差：即公司领导者宣称速度对其竞争战略的重要程度，与公司实际的行动速度之间的差距。无论行业和公司规模如何，这种差异都至关重要。)”提到在商业中有速度差异，即公司领导所说的速度对竞争战略的重要性与公司实际行动速度之间的差异，且这种差异无论行业和公司规模都很重要。选项D“Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.(担心失去竞争优势的公司会花费大量时间和金钱寻找提高速度的方法。)”进一步阐述了公司对速度的重视，与前文关于商业速度差异的话题紧密相关，符合语境。故选D。 2．下文“They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value).(它们对“慢”和“快”的含义有着不同的理解。企业有时未能理解运营速度（快速行动）与战略速度（缩短创造价值所需的时间）之间的区别。)”提到企业对“慢”和“快”的含义有着不同的理解，并且对运营速度和战略速度进行解释，说明这里是在探讨一些公司为何在看似违背常规速度理念（花费更多时间却表现更好）的情况下取得成功。选项A“How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?(他们是如何违背商业物理定律，比竞争对手花费更多时间却表现得更好呢？)”提出了这个疑问，引出下文对原因的解释，符合逻辑。故选A。 3．根据上文“In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.(在我们的研究中，具备战略速度的高绩效公司在必要时总会做出改变。它们对各种想法和讨论持更开放的态度。)”可知，具备战略速度的高绩效公司对各种想法和讨论持更开放的态度。选项F“They encouraged new ways of thinking.(他们鼓励新的思维方式。)”与上文的“对想法和讨论更加开放”相呼应，进一步说明这类公司为了实现战略速度所采取的积极态度，符合语境。故选F。 4．上文“Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.(战略速度是一种领导力。)”提到战略速度即领导力。选项B“Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.(那些定期花时间把事情做好，而不是一味埋头苦干的团队，在实现业务目标方面更成功。)”延续上文内容，强调了团队在战略速度方面（花时间做对事情而非盲目求快）的重要性，与“战略速度是一种领导力”相契合，从团队角度进一步阐述了战略速度的作用，符合语境。故选B。 话题 3 文化传统与体验 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） Day of the Dead Here’s one thing we know: Día de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, is not a Mexican version of Halloween. 1 Whereas Halloween embraces terror and mischief on the last night of October, Day of the Dead festivities unfold over the first two days of November in an explosion of color and life-affirming joy. Sure, the theme is death, but the point is to demonstrate love and respect for deceased family members. In towns and cities throughout Mexico, revelers(狂欢者) don(穿上) funky makeup and costumes, hold parades and parties, sing and dance, and make offerings to lost loved ones. Day of the Dead originated several thousand years ago with the Aztec, Toltec, and other Nahua people, who considered mourning the dead disrespectful. 2 The dead were still members of the community, kept alive in memory and spirit—and during Día de los Muertos, they temporarily returned to Earth. Today’s Día de los Muertos celebration is a mash-up(混聚) of pre-Hispanic religious rites and Christian feasts. It takes place on November 1 and 2—All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day on the Catholic calendar—around the time of the fall maize harvest. Cultural heritage is not just monuments and collections of objects. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) says that cultural heritage also includes living expressions of culture—traditions—passed down from generation to generation. 3 Today Mexicans from all religious and ethnic backgrounds celebrate Día de los Muertos, but at its core, the holiday is a reaffirmation of Indigenous(本土的) life. Day of the Dead is an extremely social holiday that spills into streets and public squares at all hours of the day and night. Dressing up as skeletons is part of the fun. People of all ages have their faces artfully painted to resemble skulls, and, mimicking the Calavera Catrina, they don suits and fancy dresses. 84 A．In 2008, UNESCO recognized the importance of Día de los Muertos by adding the holiday to its list of Intangible(无形的) Cultural Heritage of Humanity. B．Some families place their dead loved one’s favorite meal on the altar(祭坛). C．Though related, the two annual events differ greatly in traditions and tone. D．Many revelers wear shells or other noisemakers to fuel the excitement—and also possibly to rouse the dead and keep them close during the fun. E．Today, the calavera Catrina, or elegant skull, is the Day of the Dead’s most ubiquitous symbol. F．For these pre-Hispanic(前西班牙时期的) cultures, death was a natural phase in life’s long continuum. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了墨西哥的亡灵节的习俗和相关文化知识。 1．下一句“Whereas Halloween embraces terror and mischief on the last night of October, Day of the Dead festivities unfold over the first two days of November in an explosion of color and life-affirming joy. ”（万圣节在10月的最后一个晚上充满了恐怖和恶作剧，而亡灵节的庆祝活动则在11月的头两天展开，充满了色彩的爆炸和肯定生命的欢乐。）指出了万圣节和亡灵节这两个一年一度的节日在传统习俗和节日基调上是不同的，而选项C（虽然相关，但这两个年度活动在传统和基调上有很大不同。）意思与之对应，下一句是对选项C的展开说明，二者衔接合理。故选C。 2．上一句“Day of the Dead originated several thousand years ago with the Aztec, Toltec, and other Nahua people, who considered mourning the dead disrespectful. ”提到了“亡灵节起源于几千年前的Azetc、Toltec和其他Nahua人，他们认为哀悼死者是不尊重的。”，与选项F中的“these pre-Hispanic(前西班牙时期的) cultures”相对应；下一句“The dead were still members of the community, kept alive in memory and spirit”指出了“死者仍然是社区的成员，在记忆和精神上仍然活着”，选项F中的“death was a natural phase in life’s long continuum.”（死亡是生命漫长连续体中的一个自然阶段。）与它意思衔接合理；故选项F起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F。 3．上一句“The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) says that cultural heritage also includes living expressions of culture—traditions—passed down from generation to generation.”中提到了“UNESCO说这种文化遗产还包括世代相传的文化传统的生动表现形式。”，选项A中接着指出了“UNESCO认识到亡灵节的重要性，将该节日列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。”，两句句意连续，衔接合理；选项A中的“In 2008”与下一句的“Today”也能够合理衔接，下一句中的“but at its core, the holiday is a reaffirmation of Indigenous(本土的) life.”（但从本质上讲，这个节日是对本土生活的重申）继续表明了今天亡灵节的本质，对上一句进行了进一步的引申，符合语境。故选A。 4．上一句“People of all ages have their faces artfully painted to resemble skulls, and, mimicking the Calavera Catrina, they don suits and fancy dresses.”（各个年龄段的人都把他们的脸巧妙地画成骷髅头的样子，并模仿Calavera Catrina，穿上西装和奇装异服。）描写了人们在节日期间的着装和打扮，选项D中“Many revelers wear shells or other noisemakers to fuel the excitement”（许多狂欢者戴着贝壳或其他噪音制造者来刺激气氛）继续描写了人们的打扮，意思衔接合理；同时，选项D中的“ during the fun.”与前文中的“Dressing up as skeletons is part of the fun”的“the fun”相对应，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Stella McCartney’s Fashion Revolution The world of fashion has always been a fascinating realm, constantly evolving and reinventing itself. One name that has recently been making waves is Stella McCartney. When models walked down the runway wearing McCartney’s latest collection, the audience was captivated. The designs were a unique blend of modern aesthetics and sustainable materials. A particular dress made from recycled plastic bottles caught everyone’s eye. It shone under the lights, looking as glamorous as any dress made from traditional fabrics. Stella McCartney was born into a family with deep roots in the creative industries. Her father was Paul McCartney of the Beatles, a legendary figure in the music world. Growing up in such an environment, Stella was exposed to art, music, and fashion from a young age. 1 She decided to focus on fashion design, with a strong emphasis on environmental consciousness. She started her career by working with some of the top fashion houses in London. During this time, she learned the skills and improved her abilities. 2 In 2001, she launched her own brand, which was an instant hit. Her designs were not only stylish but also carried a message of sustainability. For example, she replaced leather with innovative vegan materials that looked and felt just like the real thing. In 2010, Stella was invited to collaborate with a major sportswear brand. This partnership brought her designs to a wider audience. 3 Her sportswear line was both functional and fashionable, appealing to athletes and fashion enthusiasts alike. It was a huge success, and she received rave reviews from critics and consumers. Today, Stella McCartney is a globally recognized name. Her brand is known for its commitment to sustainability and high-quality design. However, some might assume that her designs are only for a small group of people. 4 She has collections that range from haute couture to ready-to-wear, and her clothing can be seen on red carpets as well as on the streets. Whether it’s a beautiful evening gown or a casual T-shit Stella McCartney’s designs have something for everyone A．After that, she continued to expand her brand, introducing new collections every season. B．In fact, from the very beginning, she had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve in fashion. C．It was not an easy journey, but she persevered and finally achieved her goal. D．Yet her work caters to a wide range of consumers with different tastes. E．Then, she gradually built up her reputation until she became famous. F．As a result, her brand gained even more popularity and her influence spread further. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．F 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名服装设计师Stella McCartney的生平和成就。她出生于艺术世家，自幼对艺术、音乐和时尚耳濡目染，长大后专注于环保意识浓厚的服装设计，从与顶级时尚品牌合作到创立自己的品牌，再到与运动品牌合作，一步步扩大了品牌影响力，其设计风格多样，满足了不同消费者的需求。 1．根据上文“Growing up in such an environment, Stella was exposed to art, music, and fashion from a young age.(在这样的环境中长大，斯特拉从小就接触艺术、音乐和时尚)” 以及下文“She decided to focus on fashion design, with a strong emphasis on environmental consciousness.(她决定专注于时尚设计，并高度重视环保意识)”可知，此处应体现她对自己在时尚领域想要达成的目标有清晰的规划，与B项“In fact, from the very beginning, she had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve in fashion.(事实上，从一开始，她就对自己在时尚领域想要实现的目标有清晰的愿景)”表述相符，故选B项。 2．根据上文“She started her career by working with some of the top fashion houses in London. During this time, she learned the skills and improved her abilities(她在伦敦一些顶级时装公司开始了她的职业生涯。在此期间，她学习了技能并提高了自己的能力)”以及下文“In 2001, she launched her own brand(在2001年，她推出了自己的品牌)”可知上文提到她开始了职业生涯，在伦敦的一些顶级时装公司工作期间学习技能并提高能力。下文提到了她在经过努力之后的结果，可推理出空白处应对这段经历进行评价或引出这段奋斗经历的结果，这与选项C“It was not an easy journey, but she persevered and finally achieved her goal(这并不是一段容易的旅程，但她坚持不懈，最终实现了目标)”相吻合，故选C项。 3．根据上文提到“In 2010, Stella was invited to collaborate with a major sportswear brand. This partnership brought her designs to a wider audience(2010 年，斯特拉受邀与一家大型运动服装品牌合作。这种合作关系将她的设计带给了更广泛的受众)”可知，F项“As a result, her brand gained even more popularity and her influence spread further.(结果，她的品牌获得了更高的人气，影响力也进一步扩大)”与上文构成因果关系，说明这种合作带来的积极影响，故选F项。 4．根据上文“However, some might assume that her designs are only for a small group of people.(然而，有些人可能会认为她的设计只针对一小部分人)”以及下文“She has collections that range from haute couture to ready - to - wear, and her clothing can be seen on red carpets as well as on the streets.(她的系列从高级定制到成衣，她的服装在红毯和街头都能看到)”可知上下文之间形成转折，D项“Yet her work caters to a wide range of consumers with different tastes(然而，她的作品迎合了具有不同品味的广泛消费者群体)”能够体现这种转折关系，解释说明她的设计并非只针对小部分人，而是受众广泛，故选D项。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市育才中学·期末） Writing a film review needs your patience to watch a film with a critical eye, recognize all the information about it and then write a detailed film review. 1 A good review is not just a summary of a movie, but a critical analysis that examines why and how a movie works and whether the film succeeds in its presentation. When writing a film review, always consider who the intended audience is for the film and the audience you are writing for. 2 Additionally, it should show clearly that you not only viewed the movie, but also read the novel or play which formed the basis of the movie. You should focus your review around a large argument, such as why the film works or fails to work and what are both the successful and unsuccessful elements. 3 A good film review uses scenes and dialogue from the film to support its larger argument. Moreover, a good review focuses on whether and how a movie works and whether the reviewer recommends it. Finally, a good reviewer shows how a movie works psychologically, emotionally, intellectually and even spiritually. 4 Watch a film with a critical eye. Always include information on the director, main characters, the historical period used in this film, editing and camera work. Write an outline and a thesis statement for your film review. Be creative and hardworking so that you can have chances of a good grade. A．If you want your film review to be well written, you should follow these simple steps. B．Your writing is intended to be persuasive. C．It is absolutely not an easy job. D．Discuss some specific elements in the review. E．Ask them to help you with the film review. F．Make sure that you have a thesis and supporting arguments. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．F 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了撰写影评的方法和要点。文章指出，好的影评不仅是对电影的总结，还需要进行批判性分析，考察电影的表现手法和成功与否，同时关注导演、主要角色、历史背景、剪辑和摄影等方面。 1．上文“Writing a film review needs your patience to watch a film with a critical eye, recognize all the information about it and then write a detailed film review.(写影评需要你的耐心，用批判的眼光看电影，识别所有的信息，然后写一篇详细的影评)”提出写影评需要耐心、需要批判性的眼光、需要识别所有相关信息，C选项“It is absolutely not an easy job.(这绝对不是一件容易的工作)”承接上文，用一个总结性的句子来强调写影评的难度，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 2．上文“When writing a film review, always consider who the intended audience is for the film and the audience you are writing for.(在写影评的时候，总是要考虑谁是这部电影的目标观众，谁是你写作的目标读者)”提出写影评时要考虑电影的目标观众和影评的目标读者，B选项“Your writing is intended to be persuasive.(你的写作旨在说服人)”承接上文，说明原因：写作影评的目的是为了说服读者接受自己的观点，所以需要考虑目标观众和目标读者，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 3．上文“You should focus your review around a large argument, such as why the film works or fails to work and what are both the successful and unsuccessful elements.(你应该把你的评论集中在一个大的论点上，比如为什么这部电影成功或失败，成功和失败的因素是什么)”提出影评要围绕一个大的论点进行，F选项“Make sure that you have a thesis and supporting arguments.(确保你有一个论点和支持论据)”承接上文，指出除了要有论点，还要有支持论据，句中“a thesis”照应上文中“a large argument”。故选F项。 4．下文“Watch a film with a critical eye. Always include information on the director, main characters, the historical period used in this film, editing and camera work. Write an outline and a thesis statement for your film review. Be creative and hardworking so that you can have chances of a good grade.(用批判性的眼光看电影。影评中要始终包含关于导演、主要角色、电影中的历史时期、剪辑和摄影工作的信息。为你的影评写一个大纲和论点陈述。要有创造力和勤奋，这样你才有可能得到一个好成绩。)”提出要用批判的眼光看电影和要写影评的大纲和论点陈述，这些都写影评的步骤，是对A选项“If you want your film review to be well written, you should follow these simple steps.(如果你想让你的影评写得好，你应该遵循这些简单的步骤)”中“these simple steps”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 话题 4 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东区南汇中学·期末） In Helping Others, You Help Yourself With more than 500,000 registered nonprofits currently operating in China, there are endless opportunities to make a positive impact in your community. Whether you volunteer in an organization that specializes in social services or animal welfare, there are various benefits that come with the act of volunteerism. 33 It is good for the community. 1 By doing volunteering activities together with your neighbors and friends, you are more likely to obtain a sense of unity. When you help someone, they will be more likely to help you. 95% of volunteers feel that they are helping to make their community a better place. It makes you happy and reduces stress. One result of this positive impact on the community? People feel happier and a greater sense of purpose in life. 94% of them report that volunteering improves their mood, and 96% of them report more willingness to live with aims. Moreover, the statistics also show volunteering could help relieve stress, which contributes to the reconstruction of their inner sense of pride and the outward connections with others. 35 It keeps you healthy. Good mood + Less stress = Better health 76% of them report feeling physically healthier after volunteering. Volunteering can help those who are dealing with health issues. About one in four volunteers say that it helps them manage a chronic illness. 2 Volunteering can also help people cultivate what they need in order to thrive in the workplace. Among those who say that volunteering has helped their careers: 87% report that volunteering has upgraded their people and teamwork skills. 75% feel that it has taught them about time management . A．Check out what those who have volunteered in the past 12 months have to say about the feeling: B．In fact, compared with non-volunteers, 76% of the volunteers report higher levels of self-esteem and richer interpersonal relationships. C．People who are comparatively less willing to volunteer their time and energy to community activities are found to be less happy. D．Make a tangible impact while engaging and connecting with people in the community you might not otherwise meet. E．It develops professional skills. F．It fosters one’s desire for power. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过例举志愿服务的好处阐述了帮助别人就是帮助自己。 1．根据上文“Whether you volunteer in an organization that specializes in social services or animal welfare, there are various benefits that come with the act of volunteerism.(无论你是在专门从事社会服务或动物福利的组织做志愿者，志愿服务都有各种各样的好处。)”和下文中的段落小标题可知，空处承上启下，说明人们对志愿服务的感受。A项：Check out what those who have volunteered in the past 12 months have to say about the feeling:(看看那些在过去12个月里做过志愿者的人是怎么说这种感觉的)符合语境。故选A。 2．根据下文“By doing volunteering activities together with your neighbors and friends, you are more likely to obtain a sense of unity. (通过与你的邻居和朋友一起做志愿活动，你更有可能获得一种团结的感觉。)”可知，在社区做志愿者能遇到很多同一社区里的人并产生影响——让社区更团结。D项：Make a tangible impact while engaging and connecting with people in the community you might not otherwise meet.(在社区中与你可能不常遇到的人接触和联系时，产生切实的影响。)符合语境。故选D。 3．根据上文“Moreover, the statistics also show volunteering could help relieve stress, which contributes to the reconstruction of their inner sense of pride and the outward connections with others.( 此外，统计数据还显示，志愿服务可以帮助缓解压力，这有助于重建他们内心的自豪感和与他人的外部联系。)”可知，志愿服务帮助人们重建自豪感和拥有良好的人际关系。B项中的“higher levels of self-esteem”与“inner sense of pride ”对应，“richer interpersonal relationships”和“the outward connections with others ”对应。B项：In fact, compared with non-volunteers, 76% of the volunteers report higher levels of self-esteem and richer interpersonal relationships.(事实上，与非志愿者相比，76%的志愿者报告自尊水平更高，人际关系更丰富。)符合语境。故选B。 4．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Volunteering can also help people cultivate what they need in order to thrive in the workplace.(志愿服务还可以帮助人们培养他们在职场中茁壮成长所需要的东西。)”可知，本段主要讲述志愿服务对人们工作的好处。E项：It develops professional skills.(培养专业技能。)符合语境。故选E。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市吴淞中学·期末） In so many ways, cyberspace (网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. 1 So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests? 2 They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably. Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way. But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. 67 All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. 3 This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person. So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.” A．Rather, a person’s thoughts-or at least the thoughts they type-are what really count. B．In a sense, they’re not really themselves. C．With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks”. D．But Some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. E．The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a freer way. F．However,online relationship will be damaged by this kind of image. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。指出有些网络用户寻求线上恋爱关系，以及对此赞成和反对的观点。 1．上文“Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. (身份和外表在网络空间中意义不大。)”指出在网络上，身份和外貌并不重要。下文“So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. (因此，即使是最害羞的人也可以成为聊天室明星。)”指出，现实中害羞的人在网上也可以畅所欲言。选项E“The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a freer way. (互联网鼓励人们以更自由的方式表达自己的想法。)”指出互联网对自由表达自己的鼓励，这延续上文进一步指出互联网的特性，也是下文的原因，因此符合语境。故选E项。 2．下文“They are looking for serious love relationships. (他们正在寻找严肃的恋爱关系。)”指出，有一类人在互联网上寻求严肃恋爱关系。选项D“But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. (但一些互联网用户想要的不仅仅是聊天对象。)”指出有一些网络用户想要的不仅仅是简单聊天，下文是对该选项的进一步说明，两者为递进关系，因此符合语境。故选D项。 3．上文“And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. (而且他们不必担心他们的“无脸”交流会对他们的形象产生什么影响。)”指出网络上的交流，哪怕是无理的，也不会对一个人的形象造成影响。选项B“In a sense, they’re not really themselves. (从某种意义上说，他们不是真正的自己。)”是对上文的补充说明，说明不用担心对自己的形象造成影响。符合语境。故选B项。 4．上文“But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. (但不了解一个人是恋爱关系中的一个大问题。)”指出，恋爱关系中对这个人了解不够是一个大问题。下文“This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. (这不可避免地会导致这对恋人见面时的失望。)”指出，网络上的恋人如果要线下见面，可能因为某事而失望。选项C“With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks”. (有这么多未知，很容易让一个人的想象力“填补空白”。)”指出因为网络恋爱两个人不够了解，他们可能通过想象来添补了解的不够，该选项是上文的补充说明，也是导致下文所说的见面问题的原因，符合语境。故选C项。 话题 5 自然生态与健康 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·上海市进才中学·期末） Chronobiologists (时间生物学家) are interested in what is known as the circadian (生理节奏的) rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally made to undergo within the passage of a twenty-four-hour day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves many factors. Not everyone has an identical circadian rhythm. 45 1 Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we break these natural rhythms for extended periods of time. Knowledge of chronobiological patterns can have many realistic implications for our day-to-day lives. While contemporary living can sometimes appear to overcome biology— 2 —keeping in the same pace with our body clock is important. After-dinner coffees are becoming more of a tradition, but to prepare for a good night’s sleep we are better off putting the brakes on caffeine consumption as early as 3 p.m. With a seven hour half-life, a cup of coffee containing 90 mg of caffeine taken at this hour could still leave 45 mg of caffeine in your nervous system at ten o’clock that evening. Evenings are important for winding down before sleep; however, dietitian Geraldine Georgeou warns that an after-five-fast is more cultural myth than chronobiological demand. 3 However, overloading your gut could lead to indigestion. Our digestive tracts do not shut down for the night entirely, but their work slows to a crawl as our bodies prepare for sleep. Consuming a modest snack should be entirely sufficient. A．This will deprive your body of vital energy needs. B．This disorients your circadian rhythm and puts your body in full mode. C．It is essential that, by the time you are ready to sleep, your body is rid of all traces. D．Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of chronobiological demands. E．Night people, for example, find it hard to operate during the morning, but become alert by evening. F．After all, who needs circadian rhythms when we have caffeine pills and cities that never sleep? 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．F 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了时间生物学是一个研究领域，了解时间生物学模式可以对我们的日常生活产生许多现实影响。但是科学家对时间生物学需求进行持久修改的能力是有限的。 1．上文“Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves many factors. Not everyone has an identical circadian rhythm.(除了晚上睡觉和白天醒来之外，每个周期还涉及许多因素。并非每个人都有相同的昼夜节律。)”提到并不是每个人都有相同的昼夜规律，除了晚上睡觉和白天醒来之外，还有其他的昼夜规律，E项“例如，夜猫子在早上很难行动，但到了晚上就会变得警觉。”符合，举例子说明并不是每个人都有相同的昼夜规律，故选E。 2．下文“Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we break these natural rhythms for extended periods of time.(例如，最近针对人类的治疗发展，如人造光机和褪黑激素管理，可以重置我们的昼夜节律，但我们的身体可以分辨出差异，当我们长时间打破这些自然节律时，健康就会受到影响)”举例说明科学家可以重置我们的昼夜节律，但是长时间打破这些自然节律时，健康就会受到影响，这说明科学家对时间生物学需求进行持久修改的能力是有限的。D项“科学家对时间生物学需求进行持久修改的能力有限。”符合，故选D。 3．根据上文“While contemporary living can sometimes appear to overcome biology(虽然当代生活有时似乎可以克服生物学)”和破折号可知，空处介绍说明上文内容，即与上文所表达意思相同，介绍现代生活有时可以克服生物学，F项“毕竟，当我们有咖啡因药丸和不眠之城时，谁还需要昼夜节律呢？”符合，举例子说明现代生活中有咖啡因药丸和不眠之城，这能克服生物学，故选F。 4．上文“Evenings are important for winding down before sleep; however, dietitian Geraldine Georgeou warns that an after-five-fast is more cultural myth than chronobiological demand.(晚上对于睡前放松很重要。然而，营养师杰拉尔丁·乔治警告说，五点后禁食更多的是文化神话，而不是时间生物学的要求。)”指出五点后禁食不符合生物学要求，即这种做法不合理，空处承接上文，解释为什么五点后禁食是不合理的，A项“这将剥夺您身体的重要能量需求。”符合，this代指上文提到的after-five-fast，故选A。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市嘉定区·期末） An Introduction to Tai Chi As an ancient Chinese practice, tai chi may seem foreign and even intimidating (吓人的) in some people’s eyes. Perhaps their only experience with tai chi is watching video clips or seeing photos of large groups of Chinese people doing tai chi in park, which means they are missing out on myriad benefits that tai chi has to offer. Mind-body exercises, such as tai chi and yoga, have been gaining popularity worldwide over the past few decades. 1 Their benefits range from lowering blood pressure and managing depression to building strength and improving balance. There is even evidence that tai chi may help you live a longer, more vital life. Given these findings, though tai chi is often described a “meditation in motion”, it might well be called “medication and motion”. 2 For example, you need to act like “white crane spreads its wings”, or practice moves such as “box both ears”. As you move, you breathe deeply and naturally, focusing your attention — as in some kinds of meditation — on your bodily sensations. 3 The movements are usually circular and never forced, the muscles are relaxed rather than tensed, the joints are not fully extended or bent, and connective tissues are not stretched. Tai chi can be easily adapted for anyone, from the most fit to people confined to wheelchairs or recovering from surgery. 4 An adjunct therapy is one that’s used together with primary medical treatments, either to address a disease itself or its primary symptoms, or, more generally, to improve a patient’s functioning and quality of life. According to research, tai chi can support the medical treatment for the prevention and recovered of many conditions commonly associated with age. A．Tai chi differs from other types of exercise in several respects. B．The benefits of tai chi are generally greatest if you begin before you develop a long-term illness. C．This is not surprising, considering the increasing number of studies on the positive effects of these gentler forms of exercise. D．This gentle form of exercise can help maintain strength, flexibility, and balance. E．A growing body of carefully conducted research is building a convincing case for tai chi as an adjunct to standard medical treatment. F．In this low-impact, slow-motion exercise, you go without pausing through a series of motions named for animal actions or martial arts moves. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人们很受欢迎的一项运动——太极拳以及打太极拳给人们带来的好处。 1．根据上文的“Mind-body exercises, such as tai chi and yoga, have been gaining popularity worldwide over the past few decades.(身心锻炼，如太极拳和瑜伽，在过去的几十年里在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。)”可知，太极拳瑜伽这样的运动越来越受欢迎，结合下文的“Their benefits range from lowering blood pressure and managing depression to building strength and improving balance.(它们的好处包括降低血压、控制抑郁、增强力量和改善平衡。)”可知，此处讲述的是这些运动的好处，由此可知，此空涉及的内容仍然与太极拳瑜伽等这样的运动相关，C选项“This is not surprising, considering the increasing number of studies on the positive effects of these gentler forms of exercise.(考虑到越来越多关于这些温和运动的积极影响的研究，这并不奇怪。)”中的this指上文的内容，且进一步对上文内容进行阐述，承接上文，空后的these与该选项中的“these gentler forms of exercise”内容相关。故选C项。 2．分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，结合下文的“For example, you need to act like “white crane spreads its wings”, or practice moves such as “box both ears”. As you move, you breathe deeply and naturally, focusing your attention — as in some kinds of meditation — on your bodily sensations (例如，你需要表现得像“白鹤展翅”，或者练习“双峰贯耳”之类的动作。当你移动时，你自然地深呼吸，集中你的注意力——就像在某些冥想中一样——在你的身体感觉上。)”可知，太极拳中的很多动作都是轻柔自然的，且很多动作与动物相关，F选项“In this low-impact, slow-motion exercise, you go without pausing through a series of motions named for animal actions or martial arts moves.(在这种低冲击、慢动作的运动中，你要不停地做一系列以动物动作或武术动作命名的动作。)”讲述的内容与太极拳的动作相关，其中的“animal actions or martial arts moves”与下文的“white crane spreads its wings”以及“box both ears”内容吻合。故选F项。 3．根据下文的“The movements are usually circular and never forced, the muscles are relaxed rather than tensed, the joints are not fully extended or bent, and connective tissues are not stretched. Tai chi can be easily adapted for anyone, from the most fit to people confined to wheelchairs or recovering from surgery.(动作通常是循环的，从不强迫，肌肉放松而不是紧张，关节不完全伸展或弯曲，结缔组织不拉伸。太极拳可以很容易地适应任何人，从最健康的人限制在轮椅上或从手术中恢复。)”可知，做太极拳的动作肌肉放松，适应任何人，由此可知，此空讲述的应与太极拳与其它运动不同之处相关，A选项“Tai chi differs from other types of exercise in several respects.(太极拳在几个方面不同于其他类型的运动。)”讲述的内容引出下文讲述的太极拳与其它类型运动的不同之处，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据下文的“An adjunct therapy is one that’s used together with primary medical treatments, either to address a disease itself or its primary symptoms, or, more generally, to improve a patient’s functioning and quality of life.(辅助疗法是一种与主要医学治疗一起使用的疗法，用于解决疾病本身或其主要症状，或者更一般地说，用于改善患者的功能和生活质量。)”可知，此处讲述的是辅助疗法的概念，结合本文讲述的内容可推断，此空讲述的应与太极拳与辅助治疗疾病相关，E选项“A growing body of carefully conducted research is building a convincing case for tai chi as an adjunct to standard medical treatment.(越来越多精心进行的研究正在为太极拳作为标准医疗的辅助手段提供一个令人信服的理由。)”可知，该选项讲述的是很多研究为太极拳作为医疗辅助手段提供了令人信服的理由，从而引出下文对辅助疗法的解释，符合语境。故选E项。 话题 6 网络与媒体 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学·期末） In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate (消除歧义) the meaning of sentences. 21 It is known that the ancient Greeks wrote their texts without any difference between small letters and capitals and they didn’t have punctuation marks. As they read, they just put pauses where they fit best. 1 A sentence was read from left to right. The next one was read right to left，and then left to right again, etc. In the 3rd century BCE, a librarian named Aristophanes, chief of staff at the city’s famous library, found the need to use signs to help understand a text more easily. Aristophanes’ breakthrough was to suggest that readers could add notes to their documents, relieving the unbroken stream of text with dots. Early seventeenth century writers appeared to use colons (冒号), semicolons, and commas interchangeably 2 . In contrast, writers of the late seventeenth century tried to make specific rules for the use of the colon, semicolon and comma. Punctuation is constantly evolving, because language should change with the needs of the times. The purpose of punctuation is to make reading and writing easy by indicating the necessary pauses, thus making meaning clear and preventing misunderstanding. 3   Wherever you pause, you need a punctuation mark. A．But how did it all begin? B．What are the rules of punctuation? C．Also at this time, sentences switched directions. D．Punctuation is used to create sense and stress in sentences. E．The best way to check your punctuation is to read writing aloud. F．Their use depended upon pauses for breath rather than grammatical rules. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了标点符号的起源、发展、作用以及其在语言中的重要性。文章从古希腊人没有标点符号的写作方式开始，讲述了标点符号如何随着时间和需求的变化而不断发展，并强调了标点符号在阅读和写作中的关键作用。 1．根据空前“In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate (消除歧义) the meaning of sentences.(在书面英语中，标点符号对于消除句子的歧义至关重要。)”可知，上文提到了标点符号对于消除句子的歧义至关重要。而下文则开始讲述标点符号的起源，如古希腊人书写文本的情况等。选项A“But how did it all begin?(但这一切是如何开始的呢？)”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文关于标点符号起源的内容，符合语境。故选A。 2．根据空后“A sentence was read from left to right. The next one was read right to left，and then left to right again, etc. (一个句子从左到右读，下一个句子从右到左读，然后再从左到右读，如此循环。)”可知，下文提到了句子的阅读方向。选项C“Also at this time, sentences switched directions.(与此同时，句子的阅读方向也发生了变化)”自然引出下文，指出句子的阅读方向发生了变化，符合逻辑，衔接紧密。故选C。 3．根据空前“Early seventeenth century writers appeared to use colons (冒号), semicolons, and commas interchangeably(17 世纪早期，作家们似乎会互换使用冒号、分号和逗号。)”可知，上文指出 17 世纪早期的作家似乎可互换使用冒号、分号和逗号。选项F“Their use depended upon pauses for breath rather than grammatical rules.(它们的使用取决于呼吸停顿，而非语法规则)”进一步解释了当时这些标点符号使用的依据，与前文衔接自然。故选F。 4．根据空后“Wherever you pause, you need a punctuation mark. (无论你在哪里停顿，你都需要一个标点符号。)”可知，上文指出我们需要标点符号进行停顿。选项E“The best way to check your punctuation is to read writing aloud.(检查标点符号的最佳方法是大声朗读)”指出检查标点符号的方法是大声朗读，因为大声朗读时会自然停顿，从而涉及到标点的使用，与后文关于停顿和标点关系的内容相呼应。故选E。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） “The worst gift is a fruitcake,” said Johnny Carson once in his popular TV show. “There’s only one fruitcake in the entire world, and people keep sending it to each other.” Most Chinese have never heard of Carson, a beloved American television host who died in 2005. 77 Mooncakes are often dense, cloyingly sweet — and, as Carson suggested, re-gifted. Chinese people usually eat them with their family members. They play a central role in celebrations of the traditional midautumn festival, a popular Chinese holiday that falls on September 10th. 78 Despite the outbreak of the pandemic, this year China is expected to produce 437,000 tones of mooncakes, according to iiMedia Research, a consultancy. Sales are likely to reach 24bn yuan ($3.5bn), up by 11.8% compared with last year. As most industries are gradually accustomed to functioning along with the pandemic, the mooncake industry, likewise, is now bouncing back to its pre-pandemic norms. Most bakeries and restaurants offer mooncakes in their traditional form, with a heavy crust that puts in fillings such as red-bean paste, egg yolks or lotus seed. But expensive fillings, such as shark’s fin and edible bird’s nest, are sometimes added. 1 Some people use these luxurious mooncake packages as a clever bribing way to buy themselves up the ladder towards fame and power. That has led to new concerns over corruption and is out of step with the government’s drive to reduce inequality and control ostentatious (炫耀的) wealth. Officials, therefore, have been inspecting mooncakes for sale in malls, supermarkets, hotels and restaurants. 2 Whoever sells a mooncake gift set for over 500 yuan must store the transaction data for 2 years in case of investigation. A．The media have published photos of stuff wearing uniforms on the hunt for overpackaged and overpriced mooncakes. B．However, the American host expressed his love for mooncakes on his show many times. C．The expensive materials, however, come from the animals under strict protection by law. D．But in the months leading up to the celebration, mooncakes have become the object of intense government inspection. E．Luxury hotels and designer brands have packaged these fancy mooncakes together with gold leaf, jade and expensive tea or liquor. F．Yet many would get his joke. China has its own fruitcake equivalent: mooncake. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述中国中秋赠送月饼的习俗，现在月饼成了严查的对象，因为赠送昂贵的月饼礼盒是贿赂的一种方式。 1．根据上文““There’s only one fruitcake in the entire world, and people keep sending it to each other.” Most Chinese have never heard of Carson, a beloved American television host who died in 2005.(“全世界只有一个水果蛋糕，但人们一直在互相送。”大多数中国人从未听说过卡森，这位深受喜爱的美国电视主持人于2005年去世)”和下文“Mooncakes are often dense, cloyingly sweet — and, as Carson suggested, re-gifted. Chinese people usually eat them with their family members.( 月饼通常是浓稠的，甜得让人腻味——而且，正如卡森所说，是转赠的)”可知，设空处承上启下，有水果蛋糕引出下文话题月饼。由此可知，F选项“但很多人会理解他的笑话。中国也有自己的水果蛋糕：月饼。”符合语境。故选F。 2．根据上文“They play a central role in celebrations of the traditional midautumn festival, a popular Chinese holiday that falls on September 10th.(他们在9月10日的中国传统节日中秋节的庆祝活动中发挥着核心作用)”和下面三段可知，下文转到的话题是关于月饼成为一种受贿方式的介绍。此处上下文是转折关系。由此可知，D选项“但在庆祝活动前的几个月里，月饼已经成为政府严格检查的对象。”符合题意，故选D。 3．根据上文“But expensive fillings, such as shark’s fin and edible bird’s nest, are sometimes added.(但昂贵的馅料，如鱼翅和可食用的燕窝，有时也会加入)”和下文“Some people use these luxurious mooncake packages as a clever bribing way to buy themselves up the ladder towards fame and power.( 有些人用这些豪华的月饼包装作为一种聪明的贿赂方式，让自己获得名望和权力)”可知，设空处说的是月饼如何被包装成豪华的月饼，成为一种贿赂的方式的。由此可知，E选项“豪华酒店和设计师品牌将这些精美的月饼与金箔、玉石和昂贵的茶或酒一起包装。”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据上文“Officials, therefore, have been inspecting mooncakes for sale in malls, supermarkets, hotels and restaurants.(因此，官员们一直在检查商场、超市、酒店和餐馆销售的月饼)”可知，下文应该解释查找高价月饼的一些方式。由此可知，A选项“媒体刊登了一些穿着制服的人在寻找过度包装和定价过高的月饼的照片。”符合题意，紧密承接上文，故选A。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 六选四题 话题1 社会现象与生活感知 话题4 社会服务与人际沟通 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 自然生态与健康 话题3 文化传统与体验 话题6 语言学习 话题 1 社会现象与生活感知 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海普陀区长征中学·期末） What Makes You Want More and More? The Diderot effect is perhaps one of the most peculiar aspects of buyer behavior, namely the tendency to consume more and more. It has been named in honor of Denis Diderot, the 18th-century French writer and philosopher. The effect was first described in Diderot’s essay “Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown.” Here he tells how the gift of a beautiful red gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to regret his new gown. 1 He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in leather; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. “I was absolute master of my old dressing gown,” Diderot writes, “but I have become a slave to my new one...” 2 Oftentimes people feel the need to surround themselves with goods that match in terms of value. Advertising, media and social environment often push us to buy things that we have not considered buying at all. This consumer buying behavior is pretty common. A person buys a new car and subsequently (随后) spends a large sum of money on a high-class audio system. Having bought an expensive sofa in the living room, a person starts to notice that the rest of his furniture looks rather old-fashioned compared to the new furnishings. 3 3 Still, in Becoming Minimalist, writer Joshua Becker has a few other suggestions. Buy things for their usefulness rather than their status. Stop trying to impress others with your stuff and start trying to impress them with your life. Remind yourself that possessions do not define you. Abundance (丰裕) of life is not found in the things that you own. Your possessions do not define you or your success — no matter what marketers try to tell you. A．Buying a man’s suit requires appropriate accessories (配饰) to match the look. B．The Diderot effect today refers to excessive consumerism. C．The famous French philosopher Denis Diderot lived nearly his entire life in poverty. D．Compared with his new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem cheap. E．Simply being aware of this phenomenon will probably go a long way toward preventing it. F．The Diderot Effect can also apply to the places we are familiar with, and even the people we know. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Why Monday Is the Most Misunderstood Day When the Boomtown Rats, an Irish band, released “Don’t Like Mondays” in 1979, the song became an instant hit. The inspiration behind it was the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego that year. The 16-year-old perpetrator listed “not liking Mondays” as her main reason for firing 36 shots, killing two adults and injuring eight children and a police officer. This is not, though, why the song resonated with millions of people around the world. 1 What many do recognize all too well is the difficulty of summoning the energy to get out of bed on Monday mornings in order to face the week ahead. Many bosses argue that starting off the week in person in the office creates good energy. They think that the initial meeting in the office can boost morale and encourage teamwork, which is essential for a productive work environment. 26 A paper published in 2021 by the Journal of Applied Psychology provides some insight into this debate. The study found that people tend to be more ill-mannered on Mondays, possibly due to the transition from a relaxed weekend to a busy work schedule, and grow more courteous and more engaged with their work as the week unfolds and employees settle into their routines. Another paper from 2015 by Yun Tae Hwang and Amy Kang published in the Medical Journal of Australia goes so far as to diagnose a new condition, Mondayitis. 2 These symptoms typically appear on the first working day after a period off work, which could be a weekend or a longer holiday. They can lead sufferers to call in sick, decide to work from home or, if they do show up in the office, come across as detached and unavailable. So much for good energy. 3 Some Americans now complain of “Sunday scaries”, when pre-Monday dread sets in as the weekend draws to a close. Both conditions can be aggravated by a weekend hangover, a looming deadline or painful memories. They are likely to be particularly acute among the nearly half of American workers who, according to a poll from 2022 conducted by UKG, an HR-software company, hate their jobs. A．Most of them are in all likelihood unaware of its tragic origins. B．Mondayitis appears to be contagious, infecting other days of the week. C．While this approach is favored by some, plenty of employees beg to differ. D．They are highly motivated in all walks of life, and even somewhat workaholic. E．The condition is not just a figment of the imagination but has real physiological effects. F．It is defined as “a systemic illness with symptoms including fatigue, irritability or light-headedness”. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Rational Online Shopping It’s a tradition for Chinese to make special purchases such as snacks and festive food during the Spring Festival season. So many sellers try to attract consumers by various discounts and special offers, including online sellers. Recently, during the Spring Festival season, group buying websites have seen their businesses booming due to New Year packages. Now many local snacks from different places and regions across the country are being packed as New Year gifts by the sellers. 29 The lower prices have attracted many consumers. One of these websites says they attract more than 100,000 consumers in just a day. 1 Otherwise, you may start the New Year with an empty wallet. So just think carefully before buying online. Recently, some people have shared their annual online shopping bill on social media and many have been shocked by the total sum they spent during the past year. The total bill exceeded 10,000 yuan for many netizens. Looking through the bill, many people admitted that many items they had bought online weren’t necessary. 2 It was simply because the prices were lower. Some had free delivery, and others might have been discounted. In addition, there were also some discounted seasons such as the Single Day Discount on November 11. Even people would normally not buy things they had never thought about having, they just found themselves doing it when seeing the discount. Liu Guili is a professor at the School of Public Administration at Nanchang University. She says buying online is convenient and is preferred by many consumers, but good judgment is needed before loading up the online shopping basket. 3 Never spend more than you can afford. She urges shoppers to bear in mind that every shop owner wants to motivate buyers to spend. THINK TWICE before you buy. A．Moreover, she suggests that consumers should set a monthly shopping budget limit. B．Why did people choose to buy things they didn’t really need so blindly? C．Traditionally, people tend to consider expensive items to be of high-quality. D．So it can save consumers time and trouble of selecting gifts. E．However, experts remind consumers to control the urge to over-shop online. F．What can we do to prevent ourselves from buying things without rational thoughts? Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·上海市长宁区·期末） People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. 1 These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). 2 According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. 3 Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. 4 Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A．The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B．It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C．To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D．As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E．The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F．The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. 话题 2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Positive Thinking Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 1 . Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 2 . People who think positively demonstrate increased life span, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health,reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 3 . In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 4 . Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health. A．It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either B．They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking C．They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small D．As thinking changes,an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well E．Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect F．Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市黄浦区·期末） Can Happiness Be Bought? There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness”. It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are predictable, but a few are surprising. 1 It is quite common to say that money can’t buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be supported by research. Many people still stick to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably mistaken. Studies have been carried out on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the initial joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. 2 Previously contented people continue to be contented, while those who were miserable before sink back into misery. If material wealth does not bring happiness, then what does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with where you live. The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed levels of happiness in different countries. Other surveys consistently point to the importance of relationships. 3 The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the situations that bring the greatest happiness. 4 People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet rather than spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site’s research is accurate, time spent with your family is a better investment than time spent making money. A．In fact, they tended to return to the way they felt before they became rich. B．Nowadays people look to technology as an alternative source of satisfaction. C．Family relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. D．You can’t buy happiness but it looks like you can at least inherit it, some researchers said. E．The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. F．An important implication is that personality traits of being outgoing and reliable provide a resource that drives future happiness. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. 57 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. 1 They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. 2 And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. 3 That kind of strategy must come from the top. A．How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B．Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. C．More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong. D．Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. E．They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F．They encouraged new ways of thinking. 话题 3 文化传统与体验 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） Day of the Dead Here’s one thing we know: Día de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, is not a Mexican version of Halloween. 1 Whereas Halloween embraces terror and mischief on the last night of October, Day of the Dead festivities unfold over the first two days of November in an explosion of color and life-affirming joy. Sure, the theme is death, but the point is to demonstrate love and respect for deceased family members. In towns and cities throughout Mexico, revelers(狂欢者) don(穿上) funky makeup and costumes, hold parades and parties, sing and dance, and make offerings to lost loved ones. Day of the Dead originated several thousand years ago with the Aztec, Toltec, and other Nahua people, who considered mourning the dead disrespectful. 2 The dead were still members of the community, kept alive in memory and spirit—and during Día de los Muertos, they temporarily returned to Earth. Today’s Día de los Muertos celebration is a mash-up(混聚) of pre-Hispanic religious rites and Christian feasts. It takes place on November 1 and 2—All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day on the Catholic calendar—around the time of the fall maize harvest. Cultural heritage is not just monuments and collections of objects. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) says that cultural heritage also includes living expressions of culture—traditions—passed down from generation to generation. 3 Today Mexicans from all religious and ethnic backgrounds celebrate Día de los Muertos, but at its core, the holiday is a reaffirmation of Indigenous(本土的) life. Day of the Dead is an extremely social holiday that spills into streets and public squares at all hours of the day and night. Dressing up as skeletons is part of the fun. People of all ages have their faces artfully painted to resemble skulls, and, mimicking the Calavera Catrina, they don suits and fancy dresses. 84 A．In 2008, UNESCO recognized the importance of Día de los Muertos by adding the holiday to its list of Intangible(无形的) Cultural Heritage of Humanity. B．Some families place their dead loved one’s favorite meal on the altar(祭坛). C．Though related, the two annual events differ greatly in traditions and tone. D．Many revelers wear shells or other noisemakers to fuel the excitement—and also possibly to rouse the dead and keep them close during the fun. E．Today, the calavera Catrina, or elegant skull, is the Day of the Dead’s most ubiquitous symbol. F．For these pre-Hispanic(前西班牙时期的) cultures, death was a natural phase in life’s long continuum. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Stella McCartney’s Fashion Revolution The world of fashion has always been a fascinating realm, constantly evolving and reinventing itself. One name that has recently been making waves is Stella McCartney. When models walked down the runway wearing McCartney’s latest collection, the audience was captivated. The designs were a unique blend of modern aesthetics and sustainable materials. A particular dress made from recycled plastic bottles caught everyone’s eye. It shone under the lights, looking as glamorous as any dress made from traditional fabrics. Stella McCartney was born into a family with deep roots in the creative industries. Her father was Paul McCartney of the Beatles, a legendary figure in the music world. Growing up in such an environment, Stella was exposed to art, music, and fashion from a young age. 1 She decided to focus on fashion design, with a strong emphasis on environmental consciousness. She started her career by working with some of the top fashion houses in London. During this time, she learned the skills and improved her abilities. 2 In 2001, she launched her own brand, which was an instant hit. Her designs were not only stylish but also carried a message of sustainability. For example, she replaced leather with innovative vegan materials that looked and felt just like the real thing. In 2010, Stella was invited to collaborate with a major sportswear brand. This partnership brought her designs to a wider audience. 3 Her sportswear line was both functional and fashionable, appealing to athletes and fashion enthusiasts alike. It was a huge success, and she received rave reviews from critics and consumers. Today, Stella McCartney is a globally recognized name. Her brand is known for its commitment to sustainability and high-quality design. However, some might assume that her designs are only for a small group of people. 4 She has collections that range from haute couture to ready-to-wear, and her clothing can be seen on red carpets as well as on the streets. Whether it’s a beautiful evening gown or a casual T-shit Stella McCartney’s designs have something for everyone A．After that, she continued to expand her brand, introducing new collections every season. B．In fact, from the very beginning, she had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve in fashion. C．It was not an easy journey, but she persevered and finally achieved her goal. D．Yet her work caters to a wide range of consumers with different tastes. E．Then, she gradually built up her reputation until she became famous. F．As a result, her brand gained even more popularity and her influence spread further. Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市育才中学·期末） Writing a film review needs your patience to watch a film with a critical eye, recognize all the information about it and then write a detailed film review. 1 A good review is not just a summary of a movie, but a critical analysis that examines why and how a movie works and whether the film succeeds in its presentation. When writing a film review, always consider who the intended audience is for the film and the audience you are writing for. 2 Additionally, it should show clearly that you not only viewed the movie, but also read the novel or play which formed the basis of the movie. You should focus your review around a large argument, such as why the film works or fails to work and what are both the successful and unsuccessful elements. 3 A good film review uses scenes and dialogue from the film to support its larger argument. Moreover, a good review focuses on whether and how a movie works and whether the reviewer recommends it. Finally, a good reviewer shows how a movie works psychologically, emotionally, intellectually and even spiritually. 4 Watch a film with a critical eye. Always include information on the director, main characters, the historical period used in this film, editing and camera work. Write an outline and a thesis statement for your film review. Be creative and hardworking so that you can have chances of a good grade. A．If you want your film review to be well written, you should follow these simple steps. B．Your writing is intended to be persuasive. C．It is absolutely not an easy job. D．Discuss some specific elements in the review. E．Ask them to help you with the film review. F．Make sure that you have a thesis and supporting arguments. 话题 4 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东区南汇中学·期末） In Helping Others, You Help Yourself With more than 500,000 registered nonprofits currently operating in China, there are endless opportunities to make a positive impact in your community. Whether you volunteer in an organization that specializes in social services or animal welfare, there are various benefits that come with the act of volunteerism. 33 It is good for the community. 1 By doing volunteering activities together with your neighbors and friends, you are more likely to obtain a sense of unity. When you help someone, they will be more likely to help you. 95% of volunteers feel that they are helping to make their community a better place. It makes you happy and reduces stress. One result of this positive impact on the community? People feel happier and a greater sense of purpose in life. 94% of them report that volunteering improves their mood, and 96% of them report more willingness to live with aims. Moreover, the statistics also show volunteering could help relieve stress, which contributes to the reconstruction of their inner sense of pride and the outward connections with others. 35 It keeps you healthy. Good mood + Less stress = Better health 76% of them report feeling physically healthier after volunteering. Volunteering can help those who are dealing with health issues. About one in four volunteers say that it helps them manage a chronic illness. 2 Volunteering can also help people cultivate what they need in order to thrive in the workplace. Among those who say that volunteering has helped their careers: 87% report that volunteering has upgraded their people and teamwork skills. 75% feel that it has taught them about time management . A．Check out what those who have volunteered in the past 12 months have to say about the feeling: B．In fact, compared with non-volunteers, 76% of the volunteers report higher levels of self-esteem and richer interpersonal relationships. C．People who are comparatively less willing to volunteer their time and energy to community activities are found to be less happy. D．Make a tangible impact while engaging and connecting with people in the community you might not otherwise meet. E．It develops professional skills. F．It fosters one’s desire for power. Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市吴淞中学·期末） In so many ways, cyberspace (网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. 1 So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests? 2 They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably. Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way. But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. 67 All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. 3 This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person. So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.” A．Rather, a person’s thoughts-or at least the thoughts they type-are what really count. B．In a sense, they’re not really themselves. C．With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks”. D．But Some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. E．The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a freer way. F．However,online relationship will be damaged by this kind of image. 话题 5 自然生态与健康 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·上海市进才中学·期末） Chronobiologists (时间生物学家) are interested in what is known as the circadian (生理节奏的) rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally made to undergo within the passage of a twenty-four-hour day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves many factors. Not everyone has an identical circadian rhythm. 45 1 Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we break these natural rhythms for extended periods of time. Knowledge of chronobiological patterns can have many realistic implications for our day-to-day lives. While contemporary living can sometimes appear to overcome biology— 2 —keeping in the same pace with our body clock is important. After-dinner coffees are becoming more of a tradition, but to prepare for a good night’s sleep we are better off putting the brakes on caffeine consumption as early as 3 p.m. With a seven hour half-life, a cup of coffee containing 90 mg of caffeine taken at this hour could still leave 45 mg of caffeine in your nervous system at ten o’clock that evening. Evenings are important for winding down before sleep; however, dietitian Geraldine Georgeou warns that an after-five-fast is more cultural myth than chronobiological demand. 3 However, overloading your gut could lead to indigestion. Our digestive tracts do not shut down for the night entirely, but their work slows to a crawl as our bodies prepare for sleep. Consuming a modest snack should be entirely sufficient. A．This will deprive your body of vital energy needs. B．This disorients your circadian rhythm and puts your body in full mode. C．It is essential that, by the time you are ready to sleep, your body is rid of all traces. D．Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of chronobiological demands. E．Night people, for example, find it hard to operate during the morning, but become alert by evening. F．After all, who needs circadian rhythms when we have caffeine pills and cities that never sleep? Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市嘉定区·期末） An Introduction to Tai Chi As an ancient Chinese practice, tai chi may seem foreign and even intimidating (吓人的) in some people’s eyes. Perhaps their only experience with tai chi is watching video clips or seeing photos of large groups of Chinese people doing tai chi in park, which means they are missing out on myriad benefits that tai chi has to offer. Mind-body exercises, such as tai chi and yoga, have been gaining popularity worldwide over the past few decades. 1 Their benefits range from lowering blood pressure and managing depression to building strength and improving balance. There is even evidence that tai chi may help you live a longer, more vital life. Given these findings, though tai chi is often described a “meditation in motion”, it might well be called “medication and motion”. 2 For example, you need to act like “white crane spreads its wings”, or practice moves such as “box both ears”. As you move, you breathe deeply and naturally, focusing your attention — as in some kinds of meditation — on your bodily sensations. 3 The movements are usually circular and never forced, the muscles are relaxed rather than tensed, the joints are not fully extended or bent, and connective tissues are not stretched. Tai chi can be easily adapted for anyone, from the most fit to people confined to wheelchairs or recovering from surgery. 4 An adjunct therapy is one that’s used together with primary medical treatments, either to address a disease itself or its primary symptoms, or, more generally, to improve a patient’s functioning and quality of life. According to research, tai chi can support the medical treatment for the prevention and recovered of many conditions commonly associated with age. A．Tai chi differs from other types of exercise in several respects. B．The benefits of tai chi are generally greatest if you begin before you develop a long-term illness. C．This is not surprising, considering the increasing number of studies on the positive effects of these gentler forms of exercise. D．This gentle form of exercise can help maintain strength, flexibility, and balance. E．A growing body of carefully conducted research is building a convincing case for tai chi as an adjunct to standard medical treatment. F．In this low-impact, slow-motion exercise, you go without pausing through a series of motions named for animal actions or martial arts moves. 话题 6 网络与媒体 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学·期末） In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate (消除歧义) the meaning of sentences. 21 It is known that the ancient Greeks wrote their texts without any difference between small letters and capitals and they didn’t have punctuation marks. As they read, they just put pauses where they fit best. 1 A sentence was read from left to right. The next one was read right to left，and then left to right again, etc. In the 3rd century BCE, a librarian named Aristophanes, chief of staff at the city’s famous library, found the need to use signs to help understand a text more easily. Aristophanes’ breakthrough was to suggest that readers could add notes to their documents, relieving the unbroken stream of text with dots. Early seventeenth century writers appeared to use colons (冒号), semicolons, and commas interchangeably 2 . In contrast, writers of the late seventeenth century tried to make specific rules for the use of the colon, semicolon and comma. Punctuation is constantly evolving, because language should change with the needs of the times. The purpose of punctuation is to make reading and writing easy by indicating the necessary pauses, thus making meaning clear and preventing misunderstanding. 3   Wherever you pause, you need a punctuation mark. A．But how did it all begin? B．What are the rules of punctuation? C．Also at this time, sentences switched directions. D．Punctuation is used to create sense and stress in sentences. E．The best way to check your punctuation is to read writing aloud. F．Their use depended upon pauses for breath rather than grammatical rules. Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） “The worst gift is a fruitcake,” said Johnny Carson once in his popular TV show. “There’s only one fruitcake in the entire world, and people keep sending it to each other.” Most Chinese have never heard of Carson, a beloved American television host who died in 2005. 77 Mooncakes are often dense, cloyingly sweet — and, as Carson suggested, re-gifted. Chinese people usually eat them with their family members. They play a central role in celebrations of the traditional midautumn festival, a popular Chinese holiday that falls on September 10th. 78 Despite the outbreak of the pandemic, this year China is expected to produce 437,000 tones of mooncakes, according to iiMedia Research, a consultancy. Sales are likely to reach 24bn yuan ($3.5bn), up by 11.8% compared with last year. As most industries are gradually accustomed to functioning along with the pandemic, the mooncake industry, likewise, is now bouncing back to its pre-pandemic norms. Most bakeries and restaurants offer mooncakes in their traditional form, with a heavy crust that puts in fillings such as red-bean paste, egg yolks or lotus seed. But expensive fillings, such as shark’s fin and edible bird’s nest, are sometimes added. 1 Some people use these luxurious mooncake packages as a clever bribing way to buy themselves up the ladder towards fame and power. That has led to new concerns over corruption and is out of step with the government’s drive to reduce inequality and control ostentatious (炫耀的) wealth. Officials, therefore, have been inspecting mooncakes for sale in malls, supermarkets, hotels and restaurants. 2 Whoever sells a mooncake gift set for over 500 yuan must store the transaction data for 2 years in case of investigation. A．The media have published photos of stuff wearing uniforms on the hunt for overpackaged and overpriced mooncakes. B．However, the American host expressed his love for mooncakes on his show many times. C．The expensive materials, however, come from the animals under strict protection by law. D．But in the months leading up to the celebration, mooncakes have become the object of intense government inspection. E．Luxury hotels and designer brands have packaged these fancy mooncakes together with gold leaf, jade and expensive tea or liquor. F．Yet many would get his joke. China has its own fruitcake equivalent: mooncake. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $