考前押题05 词汇填空题6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪外版

专题05 选词填空题 话题1 科技与社会现象 话题4 社会服务与人际沟通 话题2 自然生态与科学探索 话题5 文化与生活体验 话题3 教育成长与校园生活 话题6 职场与社会发展 话题 1 科技与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appliance  B．assign  C． consciousness  D．dominance  E. excluded  F. friendliness     G. performance    H. personify    I. qualities    J. stood    K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen 31 what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach 32 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 33 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human 34 . The phone apparently 35 in for real friends. At other times, we 36 products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents 37 at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people 38 traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with 39 . Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s 40 . 【答案】 31．A 32．C 33．E 34．I 35．J 36．H 37．K 38．B 39．D 40．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在特定情况下会将人类特质赋予日常物品的现象，及背后的原因和相关表现。 31．考查名词。句意：现在你可以告诉你的厨房用具该做什么。空格处需填入名词，被kitchen修饰，appliance意为“用具，器具”，kitchen appliance表示“厨房用具”，符合前文提到的可对话设备的语境。故选A项。 32．考查名词。句意：在一项实验中，报告感到孤独的人比其他人更有可能将意识赋予各种小物件。空格处需填入名词作attach的宾语，consciousness意为“意识”，attach consciousness to...表示“将意识赋予……”，符合人们因孤独而赋予物品人类特质的情况。故选C项。 33．考查动词。句意：当大学生们想起自己在社交场合被排斥的经历时，他们会通过夸大自己的朋友数量来弥补——除非他们先被安排做一些让他们像对待有人类品质的手机一样与手机互动的任务。空格处需填入动词的过去分词，与been构成被动语态，excluded意为“排斥”，be excluded in a social setting表示“在社交场合被排斥”，符合语境。故选E项。 34．考查名词。句意：当大学生们想起自己在社交场合被排斥的经历时，他们会通过夸大自己的朋友数量来弥补——除非他们先被安排做一些让他们像对待有人类品质的手机一样与手机互动的任务。空格处需填入名词作宾语，human qualities表示“人类品质”，符合将手机当作有人类特质的事物互动的描述。故选I项。 35．考查动词。句意：显然，手机代替了真正的朋友。空格处需填入动词作谓语，stood in for是固定短语，意为“代替”，体现手机在缓解孤独时起到的替代朋友的作用，符合文意。故选J项。 36．考查动词。句意：在其他时候，我们将产品拟人化是为了理解它们。空格处需填入动词作谓语，personify意为“拟人化”，与后文人们认为电脑有“信念和欲望”相呼应，说明人们通过拟人化理解产品。故选H项。 37．考查动词。句意：一项研究发现，四分之三的受访者会对着电脑大喊大叫。空格处需填入动词作谓语，yelled意为“大喊”，yell at...表示“对……大喊”，符合人们在电脑出问题时的反应。故选K项。 38．考查动词。句意：那么人们是如何将特质赋予一个物体的呢？空格处需填入动词，assign意为“分配，赋予”，assign traits to...表示“将特质赋予……”，符合上下文探讨人们赋予物品特质的方式的语境。故选B项。 39．考查名词。句意：在人类身上，宽脸与支配有关。空格处需填入名词作宾语，dominance意为“支配地位，优势”，与后文“Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones,”相呼应，说明宽脸与支配感的关联。故选D项。 40．考查名词。句意：购买者认为这一特征增加了汽车的友好感。空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据上文的“An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best.”可知，格栅像微笑一样上扬的汽车销量最好，微笑体现友好，friendliness意为“友好”，故friendliness符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．back  B．degree  C． demonstrate  D．doubly  E. enough  F. finally G. loyalty  H. promoted  I. relevant  J. turnover  K. unconditional Although many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 41 to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses — whether job related or not — offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company. One good reason for giving employees 42 tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable (可牺牲的), it is important for a company to 43 to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete investments in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 44 . A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 45 by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee 46 , because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 47 to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 48 , more often than not, the employee will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 49 benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 50 so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. 【答案】 41．I 42．K 43．C 44．G 45．A 46．J 47．E 48．B 49．D 50．H 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了无限制学费报销计划对公司的价值：通过提升员工忠诚度、降低流动率、培养高素质人才，最终转化为企业的人才竞争优势和成本节约。 41．考查形容词。句意：虽然许多公司提供学费报销，但大多数公司只报销与员工职位相关的课程。空处作定语从句的表语，结合“to their position”可推知，I项relevant“相关的”符合题意，构成短语be relevant to“与……相关”，表示“与员工职位相关的课程”，下文的“whether job related or not”也是提示。故选I。 42．考查形容词。句意：为员工提供无条件学费报销的一个充分理由是，这能展示公司对员工的承诺。空处作修饰tuition的定语，结合上文的“whether job related or not”可推知，K项unconditional“无条件”符合题意，表示“为员工提供无条件学费报销”，下文“an unrestricted tuition repayment program”也是提示。故选K。 43．考查动词。句意：在当今经济环境下，工作保障已成为过去，员工越来越觉得可被替代，公司向员工证明其关怀非常重要。空处和空前的to构成不定式，作真正的主语，结合“to its employees that it cares”可推知，C项demonstrate“展示，证明”符合题意，构成固定表达demonstrate to sb. that…“向某人展示/证明……”，表示“向员工证明其关怀”。故选C。 44．考查名词。句意：反过来，这种对提升员工的承诺将创造更大的员工忠诚度。空处作create的宾语，结合下文的“by having employees stay with the company longer”可推知，G项loyalty“忠诚”符合题意，表示“创造更大的员工忠诚度”，下文的“be more loyal to their company”也是提示。故选G。 45．考查副词。句意：公司投入资金支付员工教育费用，将通过员工更长的留任时间获得回报。结合“get its money”可推知，A项back“回报”符合题意，构成短语get back“重新获得，收回”，表示“把钱拿回来”。故选A。 46．考查名词。句意：这将降低员工流动率，因为即使是不利用学费报销计划的员工，仅仅知道公司足够关心，愿意支付他们的教育费用，也会对公司更加忠诚。空处作reduce的宾语，结合“because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company”可推知，J项turnover“人事变动率，人员流动率”符合题意，表示“降低员工流动率”。故选J。 47．考查副词。句意：这将降低员工流动率，因为即使是不利用学费报销计划的员工，仅仅知道公司足够关心，愿意支付他们的教育费用，也会对公司更加忠诚。空处修饰动词cares，结合“to pay for their education”可推知，E项enough“足够”符合题意，构成短语enough to do“足够……去做某事”，表示“足够关心，愿意支付他们的教育费用”。故选E。 48．考查名词。句意：尽管这些公司确实面临员工在获得学位后立即跳槽的风险，但多数情况下员工会留在公司。空处作get的宾语，结合“who go on to another job in a different company”可推知，B项degree“学位”符合题意，表示“获得学位”。故选B。 49．考查副词。句意：如果员工留下，教育将为公司带来双重收益：不仅员工素质更高，现在该员工还可获得晋升，公司无需从外部填补高层职位空缺。空处修饰动词benefit，结合“Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be ___10___ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside”可推知，D项doubly“双重地”符合题意，表示“为公司带来双重收益”。故选D。 50．考查动词。句意：如果员工留下，教育将为公司带来双重收益：不仅员工素质更高，现在该员工还可获得晋升，公司无需从外部填补高层职位空缺。空处和can be构成谓语，结合“the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside”可推知，H项promoted“晋升”符合题意，表示“可获得晋升”。故选H。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．monitors    B．risen    C． nonprofit    D．mostly E. alarms    F. recovered    G. nonexistent    H. amazingly I. corresponding    J. responded    K. remote     US schools struggle to deal with hoax (恶作剧) shootings More and more US schools are confiscating (没收) guns from students and having to deal with calls falsely reporting school shootings. The number of guns found on students in schools during the first two months of this school year has 189 compared with the same time in the past two years, says the nonprofit group Gun Violence Archive, which 190 gun activity. At least 220 guns were seized last month and in August in 35 states, compared with 128 at the same time last year. In the 191 period in 2019, 132 guns were confiscated. The number of guns found in 2020 is likely to have been lower because it was amid the pandemic, when classes were 192 . At least 15 guns were 193 from schools in Baltimore, Maryland, last year, said Sergeant Clyde Boatwright of the Baltimore City School Police Force. It was higher than in any recent year. This school year the department has recovered two guns. One was used when a high-school student was shot dead outside a school. The increasing prevalence of guns comes with an increase in what has come to be known as swatting. This is a hoax in which someone calls emergency services and reports a 194 crime to get law enforcement officials, generally a SWAT team, to go to an address. On Wednesday many San Francisco Bay Area high schools received active shooter hoax calls, a day after police in Florida 195 to swatting calls at several high schools. Since early last month about 117 hoaxes have been reported at schools in 17 states and the District of Columbia, said the National Association of School Resource Officers, a 196 group for school-based law enforcement professionals. “These false 197 are far from harmless,” said Mo Canady, the associations’ executive director. “They also distract limited public safety resources from other community needs and increase anxiety among students and others.” The calls have been made 198 from high schools, but also middle and elementary schools, according to local news reports. Some of the calls are hard to trace because they are made from internet phone numbers, law enforcement experts said. 【答案】 189．B 190．A 191．I 192．K 193．F 194．G 195．J 196．C 197．E 198．D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了越来越多的美国学生带枪支进入学校，警察在没收枪支的同时还要应对越来越多的虚假校园枪击事件报警电话。 189．考查动词。句意：监测枪支活动的非营利组织枪支暴力档案(Gun Violence Archive)表示，与过去两年同期相比，本学年头两个月在学校学生身上发现的枪支数量有所上升。分析句子可知，设空处是句中谓语动词，应与助动词has构成现在完成时态，结合第二段中“At least 220 guns were seized last month and in August in 35 states, compared with 128 at the same time last year.(上个月和8月份，美国35个州至少查获了220支枪支，而去年同期为128支)”可知，在学校学生身上发现的枪支数量增加了，所以用动词rise，其过去分词为risen。故选B项。 190．考查动词。句意：监测枪支活动的非营利组织枪支暴力档案(Gun Violence Archive)表示，与过去两年同期相比，本学年头两个月在学校学生身上发现的枪支数量有所上升。分析句子可知，设空处是定语从句中谓语动词，结合上文“the nonprofit group Gun Violence Archive”可推知，该非营利组织在监测枪支活动，一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语单数形式，用monitor作谓语动词，意为“监测”。故选A项。 191．考查形容词。句意：2019年同期收缴枪支132支。结合句意，表示“相应的时期；同期”应用形容词corresponding作定语，修饰名词period。故选I项。 192．考查形容词。句意：2020年发现的枪支数量可能更低，因为当时正值疫情，课程极少。设空处在句中作表语，结合上文“amid the pandemic”可推知，新冠疫情期，学校课程很少，用形容词remote作表语，其意为“（机会或可能性）极少的”。故选K项。 193．考查动词。句意：巴尔的摩市学校警察部队的警官克莱德·波莱特(Clyde Boatwright)说，去年在马里兰州巴尔的摩市的学校里至少发现了15支枪。根据下文“This school year the department has recovered two guns. One was used when a high-school student was shot dead outside a school.(本学年，警局已经找到了两把枪。一名高中生在学校外被枪杀时使用了其中一把)”可知，段中在说巴尔的摩市在学校发现的枪支数量，结合were，用动词recover“获得，寻回”的过去分词recovered构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选F项。 194．考查形容词。句意：这是一种骗局，有人打电话给紧急服务部门，报告一起不存在的犯罪，让执法人员，通常是特警小组，去一个地址。根据句中“This is a hoax (这是一种骗局)”可知，这是虚假报案，犯罪行为并不存在，用形容词nonexistent作定语修饰名词crime，意为“不存在的”。故选G项。 195．考查动词。句意：周三，许多旧金山湾区的高中接到了活跃的枪手恶作剧电话，一天前，佛罗里达州警方回应了几所高中的虚假报案电话。设空处是从句中谓语动词，事情已发生，一般过去时；根据主语“police”和宾语“swatting calls”可知，警方对虚假报案电话作出回应，用动词respond，意为“回应；作出反应”，句中用过去式。故选J项。 196．考查形容词。句意：全美学校资源官员协会(National Association of School Resource Officers)表示，自上个月初以来，美国17个州和哥伦比亚特区的学校已经报告了约117起骗局，该协会是一个面向学校执法专业人士的非营利组织。根据“the National Association of School Resource Officers”和“group for school-based law enforcement professionals”可推知，National Association of School Resource Officers是一个非营利组织，用形容词nonprofit作定语修饰名词group，意为“非营利的；不以营利为目的”。故选C项。 197．考查名词。句意：“这些虚假报警远非无害，”协会执行董事莫•卡纳迪(Mo Canady)表示。根据上文“This is a hoax in which someone calls emergency services and reports a　　6　　 crime(这是一种骗局，有人打电话给紧急服务部门，报告一起不存在的犯罪)”和下文“They also distract limited public safety resources from other community needs and increase anxiety among students and others.(它们还分散了有限的公共安全资源对其他社区需求的注意力，增加了学生和其他人的焦虑)”可推知，莫•卡纳迪说的是虚假报警行为造成的危害，false alarms“假警报”。故选E项。 198．考查副词。句意：据当地新闻报道，这些电话主要来自高中，但也有初中和小学。根据下文“but also middle and elementary schools”可推知，这些虚假报警电话主要来至高中，用副词mostly作状语修饰动词have been made，意为“主要地”。故选D项。 Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东新区·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．target          B．random          C． seemingly         D．engaging E. carefully        F. awareness        G. campaign         H. improve Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product? These endorsements (名人代言)might not be totally 256 , and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: What do these endorsements actually do? Firstly, they can be used to build brand 257 . A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create 258 content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before. Secondly, influencers can 259 a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. A popular celebrity can 260 key demographics (客户群) and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer. Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with 261 ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be doubt what we are seeing. So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a 262 crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced. 【答案】256．B 257．F 258．D 259．H 260．A 261．C 262．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒网红是如何影响我们的购买行为的。 256．考查形容词。句意：这些名人代言可能并不完全是随机的，实际上它们被视为营销过程中至关重要的一部分。副词totally后用形容词，在句中作表语，形容词random为“随机的”之意。结合句意，故选B。 257．考查名词。句意：首先，它们可以用来建立品牌意识。句中用名词作动词build的宾语。名词awareness 为“意识”之意。结合句意，故选F。 258．考查形容词。句意：一个社交媒体影响者应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的理解，因此可以创建吸引人的内容，不仅能坚持品牌形象，还能激发粉丝对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣。名词content前用形容词修饰。形容词engaging为“有吸引力的”之意。结合句意，故选D。 259．考查动词。句意：其次，有影响力的人可以改善公司或产品与其客户群的关系。情态动词can后接动词原形。动词improve为改善”之意。结合句意，故选H。 260．考查动词。句意：一个受欢迎的名人可以瞄准关键人群，谈论或写博客谈论一种产品，这可以与消费者建立一种即时而持久的联系。情态动词can后接动词原形。动词target为瞄准”之意。结合句意，故选A。 261．考查副词。句意：最后，有影响力的人可以用看似“公正的意见”来改善客户的购买习惯。句中用副词形式作状语。副词seemingly为“似乎；看起来”之意。结合句意，故选C。 262．考查副词。句意：所以，下次你看到名人谈论产品时，你可能要考虑这可能是一个精心设计的营销策略，旨在满足你的核心需求。修饰形容词crafted，前用副词修饰。副词carefully 为“仔细地，精心地”之意。结合句意，故选E。 话题 2 自然生态与科学探索 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市上海大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．precisely B．absence C． immediately D．insight E. roles F. allowing G. modified H. challenging I. significance J. rarely  K. lack Are legs more important than arms? Evolution has equipped animals with arms and legs of all shapes and sizes. But does one type of limb hold greater 61 than another? The answer lies in a different question: What species are you talking about? “Animals live in in different environments and they play unique ecological 62 ,” John Hutchinson, a professor of evolutionary biomechanics at the Royal Veterinary College in London, told Live Science. “What we can do is to observe the patterns we see in nature over time and examine how legs and arms have evolved, giving us 63 into their significance.” Let’s start with humans, which are bipedal, meaning we use only two legs to walk, instead of four. Consequently, survival without legs would likely be more 64 than without arms, particularly in the 65 of mobility aids for disabled people, such as wheelchairs. Humans are an example where we’ve emphasized our legs — they’re much bigger, longer and stronger. But for birds, arms — or, more 66 , wings — are vastly more important than their legs. Bird wings are essentially 67 arms that are adapted for flight and they often make up the largest part of a flying bird’s body. One reason why you 68 encounter birds with injured wings is that it severely hinders their ability to survive. Some species don’t depend on legs or arms because they 69 them. From snakes to worms, many species have evolved to become limbless, 70 them to better capture prey or move swiftly through their environment, where extra limbs may actually get in the way, according to the Florida State Parks Department. “That’s very common, actually, that front and hind legs are not important at all,” Hutchinson said. “Plenty of animals again and again — from fish to snakes — have reduced all four limbs.” 【答案】 61．I 62．E 63．D 64．H 65．B 66．A 67．G 68．J 69．K 70．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了对于动物而言，腿还是胳膊更重要的问题。 61．考查名词。句意：但是一种肢体比另一种更重要吗？根据“But does one type of limb hold greater”以及句意“重要性”可知应用名词significance，作宾语，不可数。故选I。 62．考查名词。句意：“动物生活在不同的环境中，它们扮演着独特的生态角色，”伦敦皇家兽医学院的进化生物力学教授约翰·哈钦森告诉《生活科学》杂志。根据“Animals live in in different environments and they play unique ecological”以及句意“角色”可知应用名词role，主语为they，应用复数形式，作宾语，故选E。 63．考查名词。句意：“我们能做的就是观察我们在自然界中看到的模式，研究腿和手臂是如何进化的，让我们深入了解它们的重要性。”根据“into their significance”以及句意“了解”可知应用名词insight，作宾语，故选D。 64．考查形容词。句意：因此，没有腿的生存可能比没有胳膊的生存更具挑战性，特别是在没有轮椅等残疾人行动辅助工具的情况下。根据“survival without legs would likely be more”以及句意“挑战性”可知应用形容词challenging，故选H。 65．考查名词。句意：因此，没有腿的生存可能比没有胳膊的生存更具挑战性，特别是在没有轮椅等残疾人行动辅助工具的情况下。根据“survival without legs would likely be more”、“of mobility aids for disabled people, such as wheelchairs”以及句意“没有，缺少”可知应用名词absence，故选B。 66．考查副词。句意：但对鸟类来说，手臂——或者更准确地说，翅膀——比腿重要得多。根据“wings — are vastly more important than their legs”以及句意“准确地”可知应用副词precisely，作状语，故选A。 67．考查形容词。句意：鸟类的翅膀本质上是为了适应飞行而改装的手臂，它们通常构成了飞行鸟类身体的最大部分。根据“that are adapted for flight”以及句意“改装的”可知应用形容词modified，修饰名词arms。故选G。 68．考查副词。句意：你很少遇到翅膀受伤的鸟的一个原因是，这严重阻碍了它们的生存能力。根据“encounter birds with injured wings is that it severely hinders their ability to survive”以及句意“很少”可知应用副词rarely，故选J。 69．考查动词。句意：有些物种不依赖腿或胳膊，因为它们没有腿或胳膊。根据“Some species don’t depend on legs or arms”以及句意“没有”可知应用动词lack，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语用原形。故选K。 70．考查动词。句意：根据佛罗里达州立公园部门的说法，从蛇到蠕虫，许多物种已经进化成无肢动物，这使得它们能够更好地捕捉猎物或在环境中快速移动，而多余的四肢实际上可能会妨碍它们。根据“them to better capture prey or move swiftly through their environment”以及句意“使得”可知应用非谓语动词allowing，与上文构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故选F。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市嘉定区·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．inevitably    B．tremendous   C． exhaustion   D．promoting   E. essential   F. identified G. applied    H. undertaking    I. biodiversity    J. challenge   K. virtually How to feed the world without consuming too much nitrogen fertilizer More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued. But nitrogen(氮), and its 99 use in commercial fertilizer(化肥), also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces 100 . But nitrogen helps feed around half the world’s population and remains 101 for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries don’t have access to it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen 102 involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most. A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by 103 a holistic(整体的)approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels. The five steps which have been 104 involve changing agricultural practices, getting fertilizer to the places where it’s needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and 105 a change in diet. The latter two are essential because 106 one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the supply chain, which means that a large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer 107 to crops is ultimately wasted. Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate crisis might cause a sense of 108 . Nevertheless, he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessing and a curse,” he says, “But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to a more original state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule(微粒)of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get immediate returns on investment.” 【答案】 99．B 100．I 101．E 102．J 103．H 104．F 105．D 106．K 107．G 108．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今如何在不消耗过多氮肥的情况下养活世界的问题。 99．考查形容词。句意：但是氮，以及它在商业肥料中的大量使用，也会导致空气污染和气候变化。根据“use in commercial fertilizer, also leads to air pollution and climate change”以及句意“大量”可知应填形容词tremendous，修饰名词use。故选B。 100．考查名词。句意：有证据表明，它们的使用还会造成空气污染，增加癌症发病率，减少生物多样性。根据“their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces”以及句意“生物多样性”可知应填名词biodiversity，作宾语。故选I。 101．考查形容词。句意：但氮帮助养活了世界上大约一半的人口，在可预见的未来仍是必不可少的。根据“nitrogen helps feed around half the world’s population”以及句意“必不可少的”可知应填形容词essential，作表语。故选E。 102．考查名词。句意：全球氮挑战既包括减少肥料使用，也包括将其送到最需要的地方。根据“reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most”以及句意“挑战”可知应填名词challenge，作主语。故选J。 103．考查非谓语动词。句意：领导者本杰明·霍尔顿解释说，只有采取整体方法并结合解决方案，才能在两个层面上解决问题。根据“a holistic approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels”以及句意“采取”可知应填动词undertake，作介词的宾语用动名词形式。故选H。 104．考查动词。句意：已经确定的五个步骤包括改变农业实践，将肥料送到需要的地方，减少氮污染，最后，减少食物浪费和促进饮食的改变。根据“The five steps which have been”以及句意“确定”可知应填动词identify，为现在完成时的被动语态。故选F。 105．考查动词。句意：已经确定的五个步骤包括改变农业实践，将肥料送到需要的地方，减少氮污染，最后，减少食物浪费和促进饮食的改变。根据“a change in diet”以及句意“促进”可知应填动词promote，此处为动名词作宾语。故选D。 106．考查副词。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球近四分之一的粮食生产是在供应链上浪费的，这意味着很大一部分施用于作物的氮肥最终被浪费了。根据“one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted”以及句意“几乎”可知应填副词virtually，作状语。故选K。 107．考查动词。句意：后两者至关重要，因为全球近四分之一的粮食生产是在供应链上浪费的，这意味着很大一部分施用于作物的氮肥最终被浪费了。根据“to crops is ultimately wasted”以及句意“施用”可知应填动词apply，与fertilizer构成被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故选G。 108．考查名词。句意：本杰明承认，将氮添加到现有的气候危机列表中可能会导致疲惫感。根据“adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate crisis”以及句意“疲惫感”可知应填名词exhaustion，作宾语。故选C。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市吴淞中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．principle  B．ultimately  C． sensitive  D．analyzed  F. sensible E. account  G. principal  H. subjects  I. drawn  J. coats  K. additionally It is common knowledge that mosquitoes don’t attack everyone equally. Scientists have discovered that the pests are 199 to people at astonishingly different rates, but they have struggled to explain what on earth makes certain people “mosquito magnets” while others survive totally. In a new essay published on September 16 in the journal Science, researchers indicate that certain body odors are the deciding factor. Every person has a unique scent profile consisting of different chemical compounds, which mosquitoes are quite 200 to, and the researchers found that mosquitoes were most drawn to people whose skin releases high levels of carboxylic acids. And 201 , the researchers found that peoples’ attractiveness to mosquitoes remained steady as time goes, regardless of changes in diet or brushing habits. The researchers carefully 202 the scent profiles to determine what might 203 for this vast difference. They found a pattern: the most attractive 204 tended to produce greater levels of carboxylic acids from their skin while the least attractive subjects produced much less. Carboxylic acids are 205 organic compounds. Humans produce them in our sebum, which is the oily layer that 206 our skin; there, the acids help to keep our skin moisturized and protected, Vosshall says. Humans release carboxylic acids at much higher levels than most animals, De Obaldia adds, though the amount varies from person to person. The new study had too few participants to say what personal characteristics make someone more likely to produce high levels of carboxylic acids — and there’s no easy way to test your own skin’s carboxylic acid levels outside of the laboratory, Vosshall says. But if you think you might be a mosquito magnet, all hope is not 207 lost. Akbari says the study could help researchers develop more effective mosquito repellents in the future. The secret might be in adding new bacteria to the skin’s existing microbiome to alter its scent profile. So next time it will be 208 of you to apply repellents on your skin before you go to the spot. 【答案】 199．I 200．C 201．K 202．D 203．E 204．H 205．G 206．J 207．B 208．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了有些人更招蚊子“喜爱”的原因。 199．考查动词。句意：科学家们已经发现，这些害虫会在不同程度上受到人们的吸引，但是他们一直难以解释为什么某些人会成为“吸蚊磁铁”，而某些人则完全不会被叮咬。由句意可知，有些人容易吸引蚊子，被蚊子叮咬，而有些人则完全不会，draw“吸引”为动词，符合句意；“the pests”在宾语从句中作主语，与动词draw之间是被动关系，设空处前面有“are”，因此，该空应填draw的过去分词drawn，构成一般现在时的被动语态，故选I。 200．考查形容词。句意：每个人都有由不同化合物组成的独特气味，而蚊子对这些化合物非常敏感。研究人员发现，蚊子最容易被皮肤释放大量羧酸的人吸引。句子结构分析可知，设空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作表语，sensitive“敏感的”为形容词，短语be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”，符合句意。故选C。 201．考查副词。句意：此外，研究人员发现，随着时间的推移，人们对蚊子的吸引力保持稳定，无论饮食或刷牙习惯如何变化。由句子结构和句意分析可知，设空处作状语，修饰下文整个句子，表示要介绍更多的研究发现；additionally“除此之外，另外”为副词，符合句意。故选K。 202．考查动词。句意：研究人员仔细分析了气味特征，以确定造成这种巨大差异的原因。句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作谓语动词，analyze“分析”为动词，符合句意，由下文“They found a pattern”可知此句应用一般过去时，设空处填analyze的过去式analyzed。故选D。 203．考查动词短语。句意：研究人员仔细分析了气味特征，以确定造成这种巨大差异的原因。句子结构分析可知，设空处在“what”引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，动词短语account for意为“是……的原因”符合句意，由空前的情态动词“might”以及空后的介词“for”可知设空处填account。故选E。 204．考查名词。句意：最容易吸引蚊子的受试者往往皮肤产生的羧酸更多，而最不容易吸引蚊子的受试者产生的羧酸要少得多。句子分析可知，设空处在句中作主语，由空前的“the most attractive ”可知设空处为名词。subject“接受试验者，研究对象”为可数名词，符合句意；由句意可知，此处表复数概念，应用subject的复数形式subjects。故选H。 205．考查形容词。句意：羧酸是重要的有机化合物。设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词“organic compounds”，principal“最重要的，主要的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G。 206．考查动词。句意：人类会在皮脂中产生这种物质，皮脂是一种覆盖在我们皮肤上的脂肪层；酸在其中有助于保湿以及保护皮肤，Vosshall说。句子结构分析可知，设空处在定语从句“that __8__ our skin”中作谓语动词，coat“覆盖，盖”为动词，符合句意；由空前的“Humans produce them in our sebum, which is the oily layer”可知定语从句“that __8__ our skin”用一般现在时，从句中关系代词“that”作主语，指代前文的先行词“the oily layer”，谓语动词用第三人称单数，由此可知，设空处填coats。故选J。 207．考查副词。句意：但即使你认为自己可能是个“吸蚊磁铁”，也并非最终丧失了全部希望。句子分析可知，设空处修饰“lost”，在句中作状语，应为副词。ultimately“最终，最后”为副词，符合句意。故选B。 208．考查形容词。句意：所以，下次在去有蚊子的地方之前，在皮肤上涂抹驱蚊剂是明智的。设空处在句中作表语，sensible“明智的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F。 话题 3 教育成长与校园生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accidentally    B．applying    C． connections   D．defined   E. examples  F. explaining G. reflect     H. thoughtfully    I. trends    J. various    K. called A mathematics teacher asks her students to design a floor plan for a community center, including dance areas and a place for a band. Why? Because such a design will involve several geometric shapes and a/an 1 area, and the students must use what they have studied about the computation of area to make an effective plan. A history teacher asks his students to 2 on and write about their experiences holding jobs and their relationships with their employers. Why? Because the students will soon be studying the Industrial Revolution, focusing on how it shaped the experiences of and relationships among members of 3 social classes in the United States. A science teacher asks her students to prepare statements 4 their position on whether the president should sign an international environmental treaty. Why? Because preparing these statements will engage the students in assessing and 5 a number of scientific views on global warming. Anyone alert to current 6 in teaching practice will not be surprised by these examples. They illustrate the practice on the part of many teachers to engage students more 7 in the subject matter they are learning by helping students to draw 8 between their lives and the subject matter, between principles and practice, past and present, and present and future. Yet there is also something unusual about these 9 : not what appears on the surface but what lies behind it. These three learning activities were developed with the help of a simple set of guidelines 10 the Teaching for Understanding Framework. 【答案】 1．D 2．G 3．J 4．F 5．B 6．I 7．H 8．C 9．E 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过设计社区中心平面图、反思个人工作经历及准备环境条约声明等教学活动，来增强学生对学科知识的理解与应用能力的方法。 1．考查形容词。句意：因为这样的设计将涉及几个几何形状和一个定义好的面积，学生必须使用他们所学的关于面积计算的知识来制定有效的计划。此处为形容词修饰名词area，结合句意，此处表示“定义好的”面积，用形容词defined作定语，意为“界定的，定义好的”，符合语境。故填D。 2．考查动词。句意：历史老师要求学生反思并写一写他们工作的经历以及与雇主的关系。此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示让学生“反思”，用动词reflect，符合语境。故填G。 3．考查形容词。句意：因为学生们很快就要学习工业革命，关注它是如何塑造了美国不同社会阶层成员的经历和关系。此处为形容词修饰名词social classes，结合句意可知，此处表示“不同的”社会阶层，用形容词various作定语。故填J。 4．考查动词。句意：科学老师要求她的学生准备声明，解释他们的立场，说明总统是否应该签署一项国际环境条约。该句中有谓语动词，根据句子结构，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“解释”他们的立场，用动词explain，与所修饰词statements之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式explaining。故填F。 5．考查动词。句意：因为准备这些声明将使学生参与评估和应用一系列关于全球变暖的科学观点。此空与and前的assessing为并列关系，所以此处为动名词形式作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“应用”科学观点，用动词apply的动名词形式applying。故填B。 6．考查名词。句意：任何对当前教学实践中趋势敏感的人都不会对这些例子感到惊讶。空前有形容词current，且to为介词，所以此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示当前的教学实践“趋势”，用复数名词trends，符合语境。故填I。 7．考查副词。句意：他们展示了许多教师的做法，通过帮助学生在所学的学科内容与他们的生活之间、原则与实践之间、过去与现在以及现在与未来之间建立联系，以更深入思考的方式引导学生参与到学习材料中。此处为副词修饰动词engage，结合句意可知，此处表示“深思熟虑地”，用副词thoughtfully作状语，符合语境。故填H。 8．考查名词。句意：他们展示了许多教师的做法，通过帮助学生在所学的学科内容与他们的生活之间、原则与实践之间、过去与现在以及现在与未来之间建立联系，以更深入思考的方式引导学生参与到学习材料中。此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示建立“联系”，用复数名词connections，符合语境。故填C。 9．考查名词。句意：然而，这些例子也有不寻常之处：不是表面上的东西，而是背后的东西。此处为名词作宾语，空前有these修饰，所以此处使用名词复数形式，结合句意可知，此处表示前面提到的教学活动的“例子”，用复数名词examples，符合语境。故填E。 10．考查动词。句意：这三个学习活动是在一个称为“教学理解框架”的简单指南的帮助下开发出来的。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词guidelines，结合句意可知，此处表示被称为“教学理解框架”，动词call与所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填K。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海普陀区长征中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．allows   B．provide    C． ranked    D．proud   E. valid    F. increasingly G. available   H. significantly   I. honors   J. passions   K. struggling Students eat for one dollar at new cafe U.K. Dining has announced that the fashion cafe, on the second floor of the University of Kentucky’s Hall will be called One, a community coffee. The task of One is to 21 enrolled U.K. students with access to well-balanced meals for just one dollar. One will serve lunches between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., between Mondays and Fridays. Students with a 22 student ID are invited to visit for a meal. This will include main course and the two side dishes, with vegan options 23 . Students can also plan ahead and pick a second meal for their dinner. Those who have visited fashion cafe frequently and want to try something new for breakfast or a sandwich lunch can go to Einstein’s. It is only a three-minute walk away in the Chemistry-Physics building. “We are 24 to offer this new concept on campus. It 25 us to reduce hunger in the food insecurity for our student community so that students can focus on what they do best,” said a manager for U.K. Dining. The University of Kentucky is 26 the first choice for students, faculty and staff to follow their 27 and their professional goals. It has had many 28 to its name. For the last two years in a row, Forbes has named the University of Kentucky among the best employers of diversity. The University of Kentucky is also 29 among the top 30 campuses in the nation. But the university is more important for what it represents. The University of Kentucky is aiming at creating a community of belonging and 30 for excellence. 【答案】 21．B 22．E 23．G 24．D 25．A 26．F 27．J 28．I 29．C 30．K 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了肯塔基大学新开设的一家名为One的社区咖啡馆，旨在为在校学生提供仅售一美元的均衡餐食，并介绍了肯塔基大学的一些荣誉和排名。 21．考查动词。句意：One的任务是为注册的英国学生提供仅售一美元的均衡餐食。“provide sb. with sth.”为固定搭配，意为 “为某人提供某物”，符合语境，这里指为学生提供膳食；动词不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故选B项。 22．考查形容词。句意：持有有效学生证的学生被邀请前来用餐。根据句意“有效的学生证”可知，空格处应填形容词valid，意为“有效的”，作定语修饰名词student ID。故选E项。 23．考查形容词。句意：这将包括主菜和两个配菜，有素食选择。“available”意为“可获得的，可利用的”，“with...available”表示“有……可供使用”，符合语境，即还有素食可供选择。故选G项。 24．考查形容词。句意：我们很自豪能在校园里推出这个新概念。“be proud to do sth.”表示“做某事感到自豪”，符合语境，这里指对推出新的餐饮概念感到自豪，用形容词作表语。故选D项。 25．考查动词。句意：这使我们能够减少学生社区中的食物不安全问题，从而让学生专注于他们最擅长的事情。根据句意“使……能够……”可知，空格处应填动词allow，意为“允许，使……能够”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A项。 26．考查副词。句意：肯塔基大学越来越成为学生、教职员工追求激情和职业目标的首选。根据句意“越来越”可知，空格处应填副词increasingly，意为“越来越多地，日益”。故选F项。 27．考查名词。句意：肯塔基大学越来越成为学生、教职员工追求激情和职业目标的首选。passion意为“热情，激情”，“follow one’ passions”表示“追随某人的热情”，与“professional goals”并列，符合语境。故选J项。 28．考查名词。句意：它获得了许多荣誉。根据句意“荣誉”可知，空格处应填名词honor，意为“荣誉”，many后跟名词复数形式。故选I项。 29．考查动词。句意：肯塔基大学在全国30强校园中也名列前茅。根据句意“名列前茅”可知，空格处应填动词rank，意为“排列，把……分等级”，此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为单数名词，故用is ranked。故选C项。 30．考查动词。句意：肯塔基大学的目标是创建一个有归属感的社区，并努力追求卓越。根据句意“努力”可知，空格处应填动词struggle，意为“努力，奋斗”，此处与creating并列，用动名词作宾语。故选K项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．integrate  B．leap    C． equal      D．campaign E. sharp   F. exposing   G. embarrassed   H. discreetly I. inviting   J. carelessly   K. disapproval From Chaos to Order: Our Dormitory Journey In our college dormitory, life used to be as carefree as a bird until one day, the school dropped a bombshell:for the next month, there would be a daily inspection to ensure all dorms were in flawless condition by 8 am 119 . The news spread like wildfire, and it didn’t take long for the groans and complaints to fill the hallways. It was evident that a sense of 120 prevailed among the students. No one wanted to sacrifice their morning sleep and free time for this sudden cleanliness “ 121 ”. My roommate, Tom, was hit the hardest. His corner of the room was always a disaster zone, with garments tossed about 122 and a small mountain of empty snack wrappers. But we were well aware that we had to figure out a way to 123 this new rule into our daily lives if we wanted to avoid the dorm supervisor’s anger. We kicked things off by devising a plan. In a straightforward manner, plainly we divided the cleaning chores so that each of us had a (n) 124 load. I took on the task of sweeping the floor, while Tom was unwillingly tasked with tidying up his own mess. Initially, mornings were pure chaos. Tom would grumble as he attempted to cleanup, and more often than not, we’d find ourselves running behind. One day, as we were scrambling to meet the 8 am cutoff, Tom accidentally knocked over a pile of books, 125 a concealed collection of old magazines he’d been hiding under his bed. His 126 smile set off a wave of laughter among us. Despite the rocky start, we slowly but surely improved. We learned to handle our personal mess more 127 not wanting to add fuel to the chaos. As days passed, we found that things started to run more smoothly. And as the days rolled by, an unforeseen transformation occurred. Our dorm began to look truly 128 and we discovered that living in a clean space benefited our moods and study focus in ways we hadn’t expected, By the end of the inspection period, our dorm was among the top challengers for cleanliness. We didn’t seize any official honors, but we knew we’d achieved something remarkable. And Tom, he finally grasped the bonuses of being organized and vowed to keep his space spick-and-span from then on. It was a month filled with laughter, trials, and, in the end, personal development. 【答案】 119．E 120．K 121．D 122．J 123．A 124．C 125．F 126．G 127．H 128．I 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者和室友打扫寝室的故事。 119．考查副词。句意：在我们的大学宿舍里，生活曾经像小鸟一样无忧无虑，直到有一天，学校扔下了一个重磅炸弹：在接下来的一个月里，每天都要检查，确保所有的宿舍在早上8点整之前处于完美状态。sharp “正点，准时”符合句子，副词作状语。 故填E。 120．考查名词。句意：很明显，一种不赞成的情绪在学生中盛行。根据上文“groans and complaints”可知，disapproval“不赞成”符合句意，作宾语。故K 。 121．考查名词。句意：没有人愿意为了这场突如其来的清洁“运动”而牺牲早上的睡眠和空闲时间。名词campaign“战役”符合句意，作宾语。故填D 。 122．考查副词。句意：他的房间一角总是一个灾区，衣服被随意地扔来扔去，还有一小堆空的零食包装纸。根据下文“a small mountain of empty snack wrappers”可知，carelessly“粗心地”符合句意，作状语。故填J。 123．考查动词。句意：但我们很清楚，如果我们想避免宿舍管理员的愤怒，我们必须想办法把这个新规则融入我们的日常生活。way to do sth，integrate“融入”符合句意。故填A。 124．考查形容词。句意：我们以一种直截了当的方式，简单明了地划分了清洁工作，这样我们每个人都有相同的工作量。根据上文“plainly we divided the cleaning chores”可知，equal“平等的”符合句意，作定语。故填C。 125．考查动词。句意：一天，当我们忙着赶上午8点的截止时间时，汤姆不小心打翻了一堆书，露出了他藏在床底下的一堆旧杂志。expose “暴露”符合句意，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词。故填F。 126．考查形容词。句意：他尴尬的微笑在我们中间引起一阵笑声。embarrassed“尴尬的”符合句意，作定语。 故填G。 127．考查副词。句意：我们学会了更谨慎地处理我们的个人混乱，不想给混乱火上浇油。discreetly“谨慎地”符合句意，作状语。故填H。 128．考查形容词。句意：我们的宿舍开始看起来真的很有吸引力，我们发现，生活在一个干净的空间里，我们的情绪和学习注意力得到了意想不到的改善。根据下文“we discovered that living in a clean space benefited our moods and study focus in ways we hadn’t expected,”可知，inviting“吸引人的”符合句意，作表语。填I。 话题 4 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市朱家角中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accompany    B．approach    C． circumstances    D．completely E. impress    F. limits    G. mistakenly    H. persuasive I. produce    J. requesters    K. strategic Whether you’re at a bank, a supermarket, or an amusement park, waiting in line is probably not your idea of fun. Under what 129 would you be willing to let another person cut in front of you? Is it possible that just a single word from 130 could dramatically increase the likelihood that you’d say, “Go ahead”? Yes, and the word is “because.” Behavioral scientist Ellen Langer and her colleagues decided to put the 131 power of this word to the test. In one study, she arranged for a stranger to 132 those waiting to use a photocopier and ask “Excuse me? I just have five pages. May I use the machine?” In this situation, 60 percent of the people agreed to allow the stranger to go ahead of them. However, when the stranger followed the request with a reason, almost everyone agreed to the request. Then Langer repeated the experiment. This time the stranger also used the word because, but followed it with a(n) 133 meaningless reason. Even with this meaningless reason, 93 percent agreed to let the stranger go first. Of course like most things, the power of because has its 134 . In the previous study the request was small — five copies. Langer repeated the experiment, but told the person to ask to make 20 copies. This time, when the stranger did not use the word because, only 24 percent agreed, and when the meaningless reason was added, this didn’t help to 135 any increase in compliance at all. However, when the request was made with a good reason, 50 percent of the people asked agreed. These findings serve as a reminder to always be sure to 136 your request with a reason, even when you think the reasons might be pretty clear. Too often we 137 assume that other people understand the reasons behind our requests. Rather than telling your children to “come to the table for dinner now” or “go to bed immediately,” a more 138 way would be to provide a reason why you are asking them to take that action. 【答案】 129．C 130．J 131．H 132．B 133．D 134．F 135．I 136．A 137．G 138．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，如果在你提出请求的时候附加上理由，那么你的请求获得成功的几率也会增加。 129．考查固定搭配。句意：在什么情况下你会愿意让别人插队？根据空前的“under”可知，空处和under构成固定搭配。选项C“circumstances”，意为“情况”，和under构成短语：under…circumstances，意为“在……情况下”，符合句意。故选C。 130．考查名词。句意：请求者的一句话是否可能极大地增加你说“好的，用吧”的可能性？分析句子成分可知，空处为名词或代词担当宾语。根据下文“increase the likelihood that you’d say, “Go ahead”?”可知，这个宾语为提出请求的人。选项J“requesters”，名词复数，意为“请求者”，符合句意。故选J。 131．考查形容词。句意：行为科学家Ellen Langer和她的同事们决定测试一下这个词的说服力。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰其后名词power。选项H“persuasive”，形容词，意为“有说服力的”，符合下文内容，为了检测这个单词是否有说服力而进行的测试。故选H。 132．考查动词。句意：在一项研究中，她安排一个陌生人走近那些等待使用复印机的人，问：“对不起？我只有五页纸。我可以用这台机器吗？”分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形。再根据空后的“those waiting to use a photocopier and ask “Excuse me? I just have five pages. May I use the machine?””可知，是让陌生人走近那些正在排队等待使用复印机的人，然后提出请求。选项B“approach”，动词原形，意为“走近”，符合句意。故选B。 133．考查副词。句意：这次陌生人也用了“因为”这个词，但后面又加了一个完全没有意义的理由。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词修饰形容词。选项D“completely”，意为“完全地”，可修饰其后的形容词“meaningless”，符合句意。故选D。 134．考查名词。句意：当然，像大多数事情一样，“因为”的力量也有其局限性。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词。再根据下文的实验可知，当复印的数量增加到20份的时候，这个单词的作用也不是完全奏效。所以，“因为”这个单词也有局限性。选项F“limits”，名词，意为“局限性”，符合句意。故选F。 135．考查动词。句意：这一次，当陌生人不使用“因为”这个词时，只有24%的人同意，而当添加无意义的原因时，这并没有帮助产生任何依从性的增加。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形。选项I“produce”，动词原形，意为“产生”，符合句意。故选I。 136．考查动词。句意：这些发现提醒我们，即使你认为理由很清楚，也要确保在提出请求时附上理由。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形；再根据上一段“However, when the request was made with a good reason, 50 percent of the people asked agreed.”可知，当你用“因为”这个单词时，附加一个好的理由效果会更好。选项A“accompany”，动词原形，意为“附上”，符合句意。故选A。 137．考查副词。句意：我们常常错误地认为其他人理解我们请求背后的原因。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词修饰动词。根据宾语从句“other people understand the reasons behind our requests”可知，我们总自以为别人知道请求背后的原因。选项G“mistakenly”，意为“错误地”，副词，符合句意。故选G。 138．考查形容词。句意：不要告诉你的孩子“现在来吃饭”或“马上上床睡觉”，一个更有策略的方法是提供一个你要求他们采取行动的理由。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰名词。再根据句意可知，当你要求孩子做事的时候，应该加上一个理由。根据上文内容可知，加上理由后，你的请求会更容易被允许。所以，这是一种更有策略的方法。选项K“strategic”，形容词，意为“有策略的”，符合句意，故选K。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fire   B．requests   C． effective   D．inexperienced   E. casual   F. training G. acknowledge   H. demonstrate   I. panic   J. vacancy   K. screening Weird Job Interviews Finding a new job isn’t always easy. You search for a suitable 169 , send in an application form and if that goes well, you might be invited for an interview. For some, this is when the 170 sets in — you’re going to be faced by a panel of strangers who’ll 171 difficult questions at you, and you’ll have to actually prove yourself. But how would you feel if, instead of being naked why you want the job, you’re asked to stand up and dance? From the perspective of a company, it wants to hire the right person because they can make a big difference to the success of the organization. It therefore needs to test a candidate in the most appropriate way to discover how suitable he or she may be. A good interview process should involve careful 172 of job applicants and 173 questions that every applicant gets asked. But that’s not always the case. Alison Green is an author and creator of the workplace advice column ‘Ask a Manager’. She told the BBC that some companies “give their interviewers little or no 174 and often leave them completely on their own when it comes to figuring out what to ask job candidates.” She mentions that some interviewers are too 175 and some focus on building a good rapport (友善) and end up hiring the candidate they just ‘clicked with’, regardless of their skills and abilities. A(n) 176 interviewer may think it’s clever to ask ‘if you were an animal, what kind would you be?’ That has been asked, Alison Green says, but in reality this has no connection with the job. And there have been inappropriate 177 , such as one job seeker being asked to show the interviewer the inside of her handbag to 178 how organized she was. Talking of inappropriate, the BBC heard from a number of people who were surprised by the questions they were asked in an interview. Mature student Kevin Helton said that “the interviewer asked, ‘you used to be in the Army, how many people have you killed?’” 【答案】 169．J 170．I 171．A 172．K 173．C 174．F 175．E 176．D 177．B 178．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面试过程中可能出现的一些奇怪或不合适的现象，并分析了这些现象背后的原因。 169．考查名词。句意：你需要寻找一个合适的职位空缺，提交申请表，如果一切顺利，你可能会被邀请参加面试。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据下文“send in an application form and if that goes well, you might be invited for an interview”可知，首先需要找到职位空缺，才提交申请表。选项J“vacancy”，名词，意为“空缺”，符合句意。故选J。 170．考查名词。句意：对一些人来说，这正是恐慌的开始——你将面对一个由陌生人组成的面试小组，他们会向你抛出难题，而你必须证明自己。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当从句主语；根据下文“you’re going to be faced by a panel of strangers”可知，面对一群陌生人的提问，面试者则自然感到恐慌；选项I“panic”，名词，意为“恐慌”，符合句意。故选I。 171．考查动词。句意：对一些人来说，这正是恐慌的开始——你将面对一个由陌生人组成的面试小组，他们会向你抛出难题，而你必须证明自己。根据空前who’ll可知此空为动词原形；根据句意可知，面试指的是面试官向面试者发问；选项A“fire”为动词，构成短语：fire questions at，意为“对某人发出连珠炮似的问题，向……接二连三地提问题”，符合句意。故选A。 172．考查名词。句意：一个好的面试过程应该包括对求职者的仔细筛选以及向每位求职者提出的有效问题。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后的“job applicants”可知，空处意为“筛选，审查”；选项K“screening”，名词，意为“筛选，审查”，符合句意。故选K。 173．考查形容词。句意：一个好的面试过程应该包括对求职者的仔细筛选以及向每位求职者提出的有效问题。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰空后的名词；根据句意可知，好的面试应该包括有效的问题。选项C“effective”，形容词，意为“有效的”，符合句意。故选C。 174．考查名词。句意：她告诉英国广播公司，一些公司“几乎没有对面试官进行培训，或者根本不进行培训，而且在决定要问求职者什么问题时，往往让面试官独自决定”。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据下文“often leave them completely on their own when it comes to figuring out what to ask job candidates.”可推测，这些面试官没有得到“培训”。选项F“training”，名词，意为“培训”，符合句意。故选F。 175．考查形容词。句意：她提到，一些面试官过于随意，而另一些则专注于建立良好的关系，最终雇佣了与他们“合得来”的候选人，而不考虑他们的技能和能力。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词担当表语；根据下文“some focus on building a good rapport (友善) and end up hiring the candidate they just ‘clicked with’, regardless of their skills and abilities”可推测，两种情况形成对比，由此可知，空处指的是一些面试官太过随意；选项E“casual”，形容词，意为“随意的”，符合句意。故选E。 176．考查形容词。句意：一个缺乏经验的面试官可能会认为问“如果你是一种动物，你会是哪一种？”这样的问题很聪明。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词，修饰空后的名词 interviewer；根据下文“That has been asked, Alison Green says, but in reality this has no connection with the job.”可知，这样的问题和工作毫无关系；由此可推测，这样的问题是由“没有经验”的面试官提出的。选项D“inexperienced”，形容词，意为“没有经验的”，符合句意。故选D。 177．考查名词。句意：还有一些不合适的要求，比如，一位求职者被要求向面试官展示她的手提包内部，以证明她多么有条理。设空处作主语，根据“have been”可知为名词复数；根据下文“such as one job seeker being asked to show the interviewer the inside of her handbag”中的“asked”可知，空处意为“要求”；选项B“requests”，名词，意为“要求”，符合句意。故选B。 178．考查动词。句意：还有一些不合适的要求，比如，一位求职者被要求向面试官展示她的手提包内部，以证明她多么有条理。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词原形；根据空后的“how organized she was”可推测，空处意为“证明”；选项H“demonstrate”，动词，意为“证明”，符合句意。故选H。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市第十中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are two words more than you need. A．sponsor B．achieve C． presented D．consciousness E. isolated F. accepted G. enduring H. embarrassment I. competing Life isn’t easy for families of children with special needs. Faced with responsibility of a family member requiring extra attention and care, many families feel lonely, 219 and hopeless. In many cases, the families feel a sense of 220 because their children are not “perfect”. But Taiwan Sunshine wants to change that. Founded in 2009, Taiwan Sunshine believes that all children have characteristic value, and by supporting the families who care for children with special needs, it can change the 221 understanding. In doing so, it hopes to help these children become useful members of society. The Taipei-based, non-profit organization seeks to fulfill these goals in three ways. First, it offers in-school programs, often centered on events like Christmas. Second, it develops conferences for use in schools, churches and other organizations. These conferences raise 222 of the issues that families with special-needs children face and encourage organizations to develop programs to support these families. Third, Taiwan Sunshine works with other groups to put together and 223 the “I Am a Hero Games”. During the games, children compete in different athletic activities, such as the ball throw and running race. When children aren’t 224 , they enjoy other activities, such as playing with dogs from a local therapy program. Each game includes a prize-awarding ceremony in which all the children are formally 225 with medals to celebrate their accomplishments. Through programs like the Hero Games, Taiwan Sunshine is working hard to meet the needs of families with special-needs children. 【答案】219．E 220．H 221．F 222．D 223．A 224．I 225．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，当一个家庭的孩子不是“完美的”时，这样的家庭生活并不容易，许多家庭感到孤独。台湾阳光公司成立于2009年，它相信所有儿童都具有特色价值，并支持照顾有特殊需要的孩子的家庭。它希望帮助这些儿童成为社会的有用成员。文章介绍了这个公司试图以三种方式实现这些目标，台湾的阳光公司正在努力满足这类家庭的需要。 219．考查形容词。句意：面对一个家庭成员的责任，需要额外的关注和照顾，许多家庭感到孤独，孤立和绝望。系动词feel 后接形容词作表语，且与lonely和hopeless在感情色彩上保持一致，形容词isolated（孤立的）符合句意。故选E项。 220．考查名词。句意：在很多情况下，这些家庭会因为他们的孩子不“完美”而感到尴尬。a sense of ____2____是名词所有格作动词feel的宾语，此处用名词形式，根据“because their children are not “perfect”.”推知，此处是指因不完美而感到尴尬，名词embarrassment（尴尬）符合句意。故选H项。 221．考查形容词。句意：成立于2009年的台湾阳光认为，所有的孩子都有自己的特色价值，通过支持照顾有特殊需要的孩子的家庭，可以改变人们公认的理解。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词understanding，形容词accepted（公认的）符合句意。故选F项。 222．考查名词。句意：这些会议提高了对有特殊需要的儿童家庭所面临问题的认识，并鼓励组织制定计划来支持这些家庭。____4____ of the issues是名词所有格作动词raise的宾语，此处用名词形式，结合句意名词consciousness（认识）符合句意。故选D项。 223．考查动词。句意：第三，台湾阳光与其他团体合作，共同主办“我是英雄运动会”。根据“the “I Am a Hero Games”.”可知，此处指主办运动会，动词sponsor符合题意；此处是动词不定式（to do）表目的，put together和sponsor都要用动词不定式形式，但由and连接时第二个动词不定式要省略to，故空处用动词原形。故选A项。 224．考查动词。句意：当孩子们不参加比赛时，他们喜欢其他活动，比如和当地治疗项目的狗玩耍。分析句子结构可知，此处是现在进行时，此空用现在分词形式，根据上文“During the games, children compete in different athletic activities”可知现在分词competing（比赛）符合句意，指孩子们不参加比赛的时候。故选I项。 225．考查动词。句意：每一场比赛都有一个颁奖仪式，在颁奖仪式上，所有的孩子都被正式授予奖牌，以庆祝他们的成就。根据“with medals to celebrate their accomplishments.”可知，动词present“授予”符合题意，定语从句的主语all the children和从句谓语present是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式和are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选C项。 话题 5 文化与生活体验 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．agreement  B．boosting  C． concentrated  D．custom  E. dominant   F. established G. impossibly  H. loss  I. presented  J. subconsciously  K. throwing How a Hotel Gets Its Signature Scent Six years ago, Atelier Cologne (古龙水) founder Sylvie Ganter was offered a challenge: to create a signature scent for the Majestic, a five-star hotel, in celebration of its 100-year anniversary. She had six years of developing and perfecting fragrances (香水) for her consumers. But for a building? “I was at a (n) 81 where to even start,” she recalls. The first step was 82 herself in the hotel. She stayed there over a long weekend, soaking up every detail, like the history (Hemingway was, famously, a longtime resident), the decor, and the overall aesthetic. It crystallized what had felt like a(n) 83 abstract task, allowing her a hope of how she could capture the spirit of the hotel. Once she 84 the mood she wanted to arouse — chic, elegant, and timeless — she turned her attention to the ingredients. “I designed it like I would have for the skin because that’s what I know,” says Ganter. “And then we adapted it so it could be spread out through air conditioning by making it brighter and less 85 . You want something that smells good in the space, not overwhelming.” Finally, “Musc Imperial” was launched at the Majestic in 2015, and soon after, guests demanded it in perfume form. The hotel requested that it be made into an amenities line (洗护用品系列), ending Bulgari’s 86 position as its sole retailer. “Guests may not pay that much attention to the scent, but, 87 , they’re aware it’s there when they walk into the lobby.” She says, “If you bring home the shower gel, it transports you back to the place where you had a really good time.” Which is precisely the whole point of signature scents for hotels: creating an olfactory (嗅觉的) memory that, when 88 again, can trigger nostalgia, ultimately driving repeat business. The 89 between a hotel’s personality and the signature scent is an important one. When there’s a disconnect, it could potentially lead to disastrous results, thus hurting its brand identity. No one will know for certain how a(n) 90 fragrance will be received, but when done right, it enhances the overall experience. For Ganter, it paid off when she dreamed up “Musc Imperial”. 【答案】 81．H 82．K 83．G 84．F 85．C 86．E 87．J 88．I 89．A 90．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Atelier Cologne创始人Sylvie Ganter为五星级酒店Majestic设计了一款标志性香氛Musc Imperial，通过捕捉酒店的精神和美学，创造了一种能够唤起客人怀旧情感并推动重复消费的嗅觉体验。 81．考查名词。句意：“我当时完全不知所措，”她回忆道。空处作at的宾语，结合前一句“But for a building?”可推知，H项loss“困惑，不知所措”符合题意，at a loss是固定短语，意为“困惑，不知所措”，表示“我当时完全不知所措”。故选H。 82．考查动词。句意：第一步是让自己沉浸在酒店中。空处作表语，结合下一句的“She stayed there over a long weekend, soaking up every detail”可推知，K项throwing“投入，投身（于）”符合题意，表示“沉浸在酒店中”。故选K。 83．考查副词。句意：这让原本看似不可能的任务变得清晰，让她看到了如何捕捉酒店精神的希望。空处修饰形容词abstract，结合“abstract task”可推知，G项impossibly“不可能地”符合题意，表示“看似不可能的任务”。故选G。 84．考查动词。句意：一旦她确定了想要唤起的情调——时尚、优雅和永恒——她便将注意力转向了原料。空处作谓语，结合“she turned her attention to the ingredients”可推知，F项established“确定”符合题意，表示“确定了想要唤起的情调”。故选F。 85．考查形容词。句意：然后我们对其进行了调整，使其通过空调系统扩散时更轻盈、不那么强烈。空处作宾语补足语，和less构成比较级，结合下一句“You want something that smells good in the space, not overwhelming.”可推知，C项concentrated“密集的，集中的”符合题意，表示“不那么强烈”。故选C。 86．考查形容词。句意：酒店还要求将其制成洗护用品系列，结束了宝格丽作为其唯一零售商的主导地位。空处修饰名词position，结合“as its sole retailer”可推知，E项dominant“主导的”符合题意，表示“唯一零售商的主导地位”。故选E。 87．考查副词。句意：客人可能不会特别注意香氛，但潜意识里，当他们走进大堂时，他们会意识到它的存在。空处修饰后面整个句子，结合“they’re aware it’s there when they walk into the lobby”可推知，J项subconsciously“潜意识地”符合题意，表示“潜意识里，他们会意识到它的存在”。故选J。 88．考查动词。句意：这正是酒店标志性香氛的意义所在：创造一种嗅觉记忆，当再次展现时，可以唤起怀旧之情，最终推动重复消费。此处用了when引导时间状语从句，从句无主语，为省略形式，对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，结合“can trigger nostalgia, ultimately driving repeat business”可推知，I项presented“展现”符合题意，表示“当再次展现时”。故选I。 89．考查名词。句意：酒店个性与标志性香氛之间的契合非常重要。空处作主语，结合下一句中的“When there’s a disconnect”可推知，A项agreement“一致，相合”符合题意，表示“酒店个性与标志性香氛之间的契合”。故选A。 90．考查形容词。句意：没有人能确定一款定制香氛会如何被接受，但如果做得好，它会提升整体体验。空处修饰名词fragrance，结合全文第一句中的“Six years ago, Atelier Cologne (古龙水) founder Sylvie Ganter was offered a challenge: to create a signature scent for the Majestic”可推知，D项custom“定制的，定做的”符合题意，表示“一款定制香氛”。故选D。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．character         B．committed             C． control     D．failure E. fortunately         F. magic                 G. range         H. reinvented I. repeatedly         J. revolutionizing         K. smash The Oral History of James Cameron Sigourney Weaver didn’t want to star in a sequel to Alien. Then she read the screenplay. “Every single page was my 109 , with all kinds of different levels of drama,” she says. “Everything about the script was so good and powerful.” It was a war movie in space. To the actress, the idea of Ellen Ripley fighting aliens alongside a unit of colonial marines sounded great. There was only one problem: “First of all, I didn’t know there would be machine guns in it,” she says. “And I had worked for gun 110 for a number of years. So I said, ‘I’m sorry, the gun thing, that’s not going to work for me.” Another director might have turned his back on Weaver. But not James Cameron.      He responded by taking her to a shooting 111 . After letting off a few bursts of gunfire, she began to see the world through Cameron’s eyes. “Unfortunately, or 112 , that experience gives you so much adrenaline (肾上腺激素), and it’s a little bit transforming.” Weaver says. “I had to embrace the fact that I was with an army unit and they were going to be using these guns. And at some point I would have to do that, too. Jim really wants his actors to feel comfortable, and to feel 113 . So he always had me try everything first.” Aliens was a typical Cameron blockbuster: exciting, moving, futuristic, propelled by a heroine, and full of things that audiences had never seen before. And, oh yeah: It was a box office 114 that won two Oscars and earned seven nominations, including Weaver’s first. This is the James Cameron way. He’s 115 the popcorn film every single time he’s made one, from The Terminator to Titanic to Avatar. Each of his movies is more ambitious, more expensive, and more imaginative than the last. He’s 116 outdone himself — and the rest of Hollywood. But while Cameron’s genius is unique, he hasn’t made 117 alone. From his early days as a special effects assistant to 118 3D filmmaking again with ‘Avatar: The Way of Water’, one thing has always been clear: working with James Cameron is a singular experience. 【答案】 109．A 110．C 111．G 112．E 113．B 114．K 115．H 116．I 117．F 118．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章简要介绍了詹姆斯·卡梅隆导演。 109．考查名词。句意：“每一页都是我的角色，有各种不同程度的戏剧性。”她说。根据空前my可知，空处填名词，结合前文“Then she read the screenplay.(然后她读了剧本。)”可知，在读剧本时，她发现每一页都有她的角色（character）。故选A项。 110．考查名词。句意：“我为枪支管制工作了很多年。”根据for可知空处填名词，结合后文“So I said, “I’m sorry, the gun thing, that’s not going to work for me.”(所以我说，“对不起，枪的事，对我没用。”)”可知填control (控制)，gun control意为“枪支管控”。故选C项。 111．考查名词。句意：他的回应是带她去射击场。根据a可知空处填名词range (靶场)作宾语。shooting range意为“射击场”。故选G项。 112．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，或者，幸运的是，这种经历会让你肾上腺素飙升，而且有点变化。根据空前连词or可知填副词，与Unfortunately并列，作状语修饰整个句子。结合语境（肾上腺激素升高也会让人兴奋），这种经历也是一种幸运，fortunately (幸运地)。故选E项。 113．考查形容词。句意：吉姆真的希望他的演员感到舒适，并感到投入。根据空前feel可知填形容词作表语，结合后文“So he always had me try everything first.(所以他总是让我先尝试。)”可知，“我”先给他们示范，为了提高演员的专业度和投入，committed (尽心尽力的)。故选B项。 114．考查名词。句意：这部电影票房大卖，赢得了两项奥斯卡奖，并获得了七项提名，包括韦弗的第一项提名。根据a可知空处填名词，作表语，结合后文“won two Oscars and earned seven nominations”可知电影大获成功。smash作名词时，表示大获成功的歌曲（或戏剧、电影），相当于smash hit。故选K项。 115．考查动词。句意：从《终结者》到《泰坦尼克号》，再到《阿凡达》，他每次拍一部爆米花电影都是在改造。根据缩写’s可知空处填动词，构成完整的谓语（现在完成时），结合语境他每次拍的电影都是一种全新呈现，即reinvent“重新创造”。故选H项。 116．考查副词。句意：他一再超越自己，也超越了好莱坞的其他人。根据He’s outdone可知空处填副词，修饰谓语，结合上文“Each of his movies is more ambitious, more expensive, and more imaginative than the last. (他的每一部电影都比上一部更有野心，更昂贵，更有想象力。)”可知，他每次拍电影都是再三地（repeatedly）超越自己。故选I项。 117．考查名词。句意：虽然卡梅隆的天赋是独一无二的，但他并不是独自创造奇迹的。根据hasn’t made可知空处填名词作宾语，结合上文“while Cameron’s genius is unique”可知他的成功，即make magic(创造奇迹)不是一个人独自做到的，magic (神奇)。故选F项。 118．考查动词。句意：从早期担任特效助理，到凭借《阿凡达：水之道》(Avatar: The Way of Water)再次掀起3D电影制作的革命，有一件事一直很清楚：与詹姆斯·卡梅隆(James Cameron)合作是一种独特的体验。根据from…to…可知空处填名词或动名词作宾语。结合语境“a special effects assistant”和“a special effects assistant again with “Avatar: The Way of Water””可知，他在3D电影制作上是革命性的创新，revolutionizing (彻底改变)。故选J项。 Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．served     B．spares     C． yields     D．practically     E. consumed     F. reminds     G. tosses H. strikingly    I. stubbornly     J. desired     K. flavors Yunnan Province, covering an area of 394,000 square kilometers, combines unique ethnic cultures, magnificent mountain scenery, rainforest, tea plantations, ancient towns and delicious food. Kunming, Dali, Lijiang and Shangri-La are always on the bucket list to those who haven’t been to Yunnan before. In the courtyard of her restaurant in Xishuangbanna, Su Ying is preparing to give me a cooking lesson. But she has no pots and pans. Instead, she is going to cook the food in banana leaves and tubes of fresh bamboo on a small fire under an iron tripod in a corner of the yard. Su 179 a mixture of wild vegetables with lemongrass and chili and wraps them up in banana leaves. She seasons sliced beef with chili herbs and spices and puts it into a tube of freshly cut bamboo. Another tube is filled with a more exotic delicacy: live bamboo worms, which she mixes with herbs and spices. Su then thrusts the tubes into the fire. Even to many Chinese, Yunnan seems exotic. Its remoteness 180 it much of the overdevelopment and pollution. The province is a global hotspot of biodiversity and boasts a 181 wide range of local ingredients. Most famously, the summer mushroom season 182 some 300 varieties of edible(可食用的) fungi, including delicacies such as savory matsutake(松茸). There are countless wild plants and plenty of bugs and grubs. On my trips to the province over the years I have dined on toasted barley flour and 183 cups of yak butter tea (酥油茶) in a town now known as Shangri-la. In the north-east of the province I gorged on (狼吞虎咽) spicy hotpots. Even farther north I visited the center of ham production in Xuanwei, where I tasted delicate soups and stews. Here in Xishuangbanna. I was tasting the sour and hot 184 and fresh herbs of the tropical south. No one restaurant or chef could represent Yunnan. There is no single overarching Yunnan cuisine, but a selection of overlapping ones. And more than anywhere else in China, delicacies 185 on table in Yunnan use a large proportion of the ingredients that are 186 local and unavailable elsewhere. In an age when people can sample delicacies from 187 anywhere in the world without even having to leave home, Yunnan 188 us that for a real taste of local culinary culture, sometimes you just have to go to the source. 【答案】 179．G 180．B 181．H 182．C 183．E 184．K 185．A 186．I 187．D 188．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了与中国其他地方相比，云南餐桌上的美食使用的很大一部分食材都是当地独有的，在其他地方是找不到的。在这个人们足不出户就能品尝到世界各地美食的时代，云南提醒我们，要想真正品尝到当地的美食文化，有时候你只需要去源头地。 179．考查动词。句意：苏把野菜、柠檬草和辣椒混合在一起搅拌，用香蕉叶包起来。分析句子可知，空后a mixture of wild vegetables为名词，空前为主语Su，所以此处为动词的填入作谓语，tosses“拌匀，搅拌”为动词，主语是单数，应用三单形式。故选G项 。 180．考查动词。句意：它地处偏远，避免了过度开发和污染。分析句子可知，空前Its remoteness为主语，空后it为代词作宾语，所以空格处应为动词的填入，作宾语，spares“免去，省得”为动词，符合句意，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，动词用三单形式。故选B项。 181．考查副词。句意：该省是全球生物多样性的热点地区，并以其异常广泛的本地食材而自豪。分析句子可知，空前a为冠词，空后wide range为形容词修饰名词，所以空格处为副词形式修饰该形容词，strikingly“惊人地；异常地”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 182．考查动词。句意：最著名的是，夏季的蘑菇季节出产约300种食用菌，包括美味的松茸等。分析句子可知，空前the summer mushroom season名词作主语，空后some 300 varieties为名词作宾语，所以空格处应为动词的填入作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，动词应用三单，yields“生产”，符合句意。故选C项。 183．考查动词。句意：在过去的几年里，我在一个现在被称为香格里拉的小镇上，吃的是烤大麦粉，喝的是酥油茶。分析句子可知，此处为and连接的并列谓语，所以此处为谓语动词的填入，应用过去分词consumed“消耗，消费；食用”与have形式现在完成时，符合句意。故选E项。 184．考查名词。句意：我品尝着南方热带地区酸辣的味道和新鲜的香草。分析句子可知，空前sour and hot为并列形容词，所以空格处应为名词的填入，作宾语，表示复数意义，flavors“味道”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 185．考查非谓语动词。句意：与中国其他地方相比，云南餐桌上的美食使用的很大一部分食材都是当地独有的，在其他地方是找不到的。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰delicacies，结合句意可知，此处表示“提供”，应用动词serve，delicacies和该动词为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，served“提供”为过去分词，符合句意。故选A项。 186．考查副词。句意：与中国其他地方相比，云南餐桌上的美食使用的很大一部分食材都是当地独有的，在其他地方是找不到的。分析句子可知，空后local为形容词，结合句意可知，空格处应为副词修饰该形容词，stubbornly“固有地”为副词，符合句意。故选I项。 187．考查副词。句意：在这个人们足不出户就几乎能品尝到世界各地美食的时代，云南提醒我们，要想真正品尝到当地的美食文化，有时候你只需要去源头。分析句子可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰后面的地点状语in the world，practically“几乎”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。 188．考查动词。句意：在这个人们足不出户就几乎能品尝到世界各地美食的时代，云南提醒我们，要想真正品尝到当地的美食文化，有时候你只需要去源头。分析句子可知，空前Yunnan为名词作主语，空后us为代词作宾语，所以空格处应为动词的填入，作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词应用三单形式，reminds“提醒”，符合句意。故选F项。 话题 6 职场与社会发展 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．hitting   B．promotion   C．fill   D．professional   H.manage   E.entirely    F.obtaining   G. qualifications    H.manage   I. flexible   J.occasionally   K. employment Education is a good opportunity for those of us who strive to better ourselves.But for people in    full-time 11 ,getting  the  balancing  act  between  work  and  studying  can  prove a stumbling block.So,what are the benefits of 12 the books once in work? University is often considered a logical step for people who wish to continue their education after school.While options of Master’s degrees, PhDs and other postgraduate 13 exist, many students leave after 14 their Bachelor’s and head into the world of work.After years of doing the same job,some feel adding new skills or knowledge to their locker may open up new opportunities or help them to get a 15 .Studying part-time in the evenings and weekends can be a great way to juggle responsibilities. In terms of the benefits,learning new techniques that you can bring into the workplace can make you more of an authority in your area and a go-to person for advice.If the business has a skills shortage,you may be able to step up to the plate and 16 that gap.In short, studying more could make you more promotable down the line and more useful to the business. If you  study in a classroom,your experience of the workplace could bring a wealth of knowledge to other students and provide real-life examples for you to draw on.You may also meet like-minded people who you can add to your 17 network in the future.And while adult learners have to consider things like children,home lives and work,many adult and part-time  courses are more 18 and spread over a number of years.Some courses can even be done partly or 19 online,which means that you can   20 your time more easily studying from home and you don’t need to factor in travel time. So,there are a variety of options for those who wish to return to studying.And increasing your skills may open up new careers or opportunities in your professional life. 【答案】 11．K 12．A 13．G 14．F 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．I 19．E 20．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在工作和学习中平衡以及边工作边学习的好处。 11．考查名词。句意：但对于有全职工作的人来说，在工作和学习之间取得平衡可能是一个绊脚石。根据下文“between work”可知，employment“雇佣，就业”符合句意，作宾语。故选K项。 12．考查动词。句意：那么，在工作时间读书有什么好处呢？hit the book“读书”符合句意，of后接动名词作宾语。故选A项。 13．考查名词。句意：虽然有硕士学位、博士学位和其他研究生资格的选择，但许多学生在获得学士学位后离开学校，进入职场。名词作主语，qualifications“资格”符合句意。故选G项。 14．考查动词。句意：虽然有硕士学位、博士学位和其他研究生资格的选择，但许多学生在获得学士学位后离开学校，进入职场。根据“their Bachelor’s”可知，obtain“获得”符合句意。介词after后接动名词作宾语。故选F项。 15．考查名词。句意：在做同样的工作多年后，一些人觉得增加新的技能或知识可能会为他们带来新的机会或帮助他们获得晋升。根据上文“open up new opportunities”可知，promotion“晋升”符合句意，作宾语。故选B项。 16．考查动词。句意：如果公司有技能短缺，你可能会挺身而出，填补这个空缺。根据上文“the business has a skills shortage”可知，fill“填补”符合句意。故选C项。 17．考查形容词。句意：你也可能会遇到志同道合的人，你可以在未来把他们添加到你的职业网络中。形容词作定语，professional“专业的、职业的”符合句意。故选D项。 18．考查形容词。句意：虽然成人学习者必须考虑孩子、家庭生活和工作等问题，但许多成人课程和兼职课程更加灵活，并且分几年进行。形容词作表语，flexible“灵活的”符合句意。故选I项。 19．考查副词。句意：有些课程甚至可以部分或全部在线完成，这意味着你可以更容易地管理你的时间在家学习，你不需要考虑行程时间。根据“partly”可知，空处填entirely “全部地”作状语，修饰动词。故选E项。 20．考查动词。句意：有些课程甚至可以部分或全部在线完成，这意味着你可以更容易地管理你的时间在家学习，你不需要考虑行程时间。can后接动词原形，manage“管理”符合句意。故选H项。 Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present     B．features     C． concerned     D．reportedly     E. commercial        F. stretches    G. overwhelming H. exceptionally     I. routinely     J. spared        K. broadcasts Modern media is awash in advertising clutter(杂乱), and who’s to blame? Modern audiences that hate conventional full-length and full-size ads. Today’s consumers don’t like to pay for content, which ought to create a rich environment for advertisers. Yet these same consumers are prone to click or turn away when a conventional ad appears. The result is ad clutter. YouTube 246 a combination of full-length ads, skippable ads, lower-screen banners and display ads on the page alongside each video. Newspapers that once considered the front page important now 247 run ads there. Advertisers integrate plugs(推销) into content to frustrate digital video recorders, which allow viewers to watch programs on a delay and skip regular commercials. If you watch regional telecasts of baseball games, the commercial clutter is so 248 . Ads are visible on the stadium wall behind the home-plate umpire(裁判). On-screen graphics include sponsor logos. And everything is a paid plug--“This call to the coach’s zone is brought to you by Verizon.” According to the showbiz paper Variety, several streaming services are about to introduce a new twist: commercials that start running whenever a viewer pauses a program. Hulu intends to launch such ads this year. AT&T’s DirecTV and U-verse units will 249 use similar technology to trigger full-motion commercials whenever a viewer tries to take a break. There’s a lot at stake. According to Variety, National Football League(NFL) TV broadcasts generate an estimated $4.35 billion in ad revenue during the 17-week regular season. NFL 250 are now loaded with mini commercials that pop up when there is a brief pause in the action, often in “double boxes” that show a view of the field in one frame and a(n) 251 in the other. Interestingly, with no “screen” to work with, radio is one medium that has tried for some time to buck the trend. Many commercial stations trade clutter for clusters--that is, a solid block of commercials running five minutes or more, followed by lengthy commercial-free 252 of time. But wherever a screen is involved, or a printed page, ad clutter is 253 everywhere. Programmers and advertisers can’t really be expected to limit this; it’s a fact of business. Consumers, on the other hand, can opt for commercial-free content--if they’re willing to pay for it. But getting limitless content without paying while also being 254 heavy advertising intrusions is impossible. As media environment is permanently cluttered, audiences should be 255 with what they wish for. 【答案】 246．B 247．I 248．G 249．D 250．K 251．E 252．F 253．A 254．J 255．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各种社交网络平台和媒体上广告发布的乱象丛生，观众应该关心他们想要的东西。 246．考查动词。句意：YouTube的特点是在每个视频旁边的页面上，结合了全长广告、可跳过广告、屏幕下方的横幅广告和显示广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，feature意为“以……为特色”，符合文意。故选B。 247．考查副词。句意：曾经认为头版很重要的报纸现在经常在头版刊登广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入副词作状语修饰动词run，routinely 意为“例行地，通常地”，符合文意。故选I。 248．考查形容词。句意：如果你观看棒球比赛的地区电视转播，广告杂乱的现象是巨大的。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入形容词作表语，overwhelming意为“压倒性的， 巨大的”，符合文意。故选G。 249．考查副词。句意：据报道，AT&T的DirecTV和U-verse电视台将使用类似的技术，每当观众试图休息时，就会触发全动广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入副词作状语修饰动词use，reportedly  意为“据报道”，符合文意。故选D。 250．考查名词。句意：NFL的广播中现在充斥着迷你广告，当比赛有短暂的停顿时，这些广告就会弹出，通常是在“双框”中，一帧显示场地的视图，另一帧显示商业广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入名词的复数形式，broadcasts意为“广播节目，电视节目”，符合文意。故选K。 251．考查名词。句意：NFL的广播中现在充斥着迷你广告，当比赛有短暂的停顿时，这些广告就会弹出，通常是在“双框”中，一框显示场地的视图，另一框显示商业广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入名词的单数形式。commercial  意为“（电台或电视播放的）广告”，符合文意。故选E。 252．考查名词。句意：许多商业电视台都把杂乱的广告换成了集群广告，即连续播放5分钟或更长时间的广告，然后是长时间的无广告时段。分析句子结构可知，此处形容词commercial-free（无广告）修饰名词的复数形式，该名词作by的宾语，stretches意为“（连续的）一段时间”，符合文意。故选F。 253．考查形容词。句意：但只要涉及到屏幕或印刷页面，广告就无处不在。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入形容词作表语，present  意为“在场的，存在的”，符合文意。故选A。 254．考查动词。句意：但在不付费的情况下获得无限的内容，同时又避免大量广告入侵是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入过去分词，spared意为“免去”，符合文意。故选J。 255．考查形容词。句意：由于媒体环境永远是混乱的，观众应该关心他们想要的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入形容词作表语，be concerned  with意为“关心，挂念”，符合文意。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市进才中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ceaselessly   B．consists   C． flavored   D．markets   E. modest    F. perfect G. presence     H. spread    I. registered   J. sights     K. specifically Opposite a university campus on the outskirts of Jakarta, motorbikes line the front of Ricky Salim’s ice-cream and tea store, one of thousands of Mixue franchise owners across Asia. This Chinese firm, which built its brand selling teas and soft-serve ice-cream in smaller Chinese cities with relatively 149 average incomes, is exporting its model across South-East Asia. Its nearly 22,000 franchised stores worldwide have made it the fifth-largest fast-food chain in the world. Part of the reason for Mixue’s success 150 in selling Asia’s favourite drink: bubble tea, a milky tea containing chewy tapioca balls. In China, the market for these 151 teas was twice that for coffee in 2021, with a $20bn turnover, according to Momentum Works, a research firm in Singapore. As growth has slowed in China, bubble-tea brands have set their 152 on South-East Asia, where the market was worth $4bn. Several other large Chinese tea brands, including HeyTea, Nayuki Tea, ChaGee and Happy Lemon, have also moved into the region. Yet no ready-made bubble-tea chain has 153 faster than Mixue, which opened its first store in Vietnam in 2018. By March it had around 1,500 stores in Indonesia; the firm wants to double its 154 there by the end of this year. Unlike fancier bubble-tea brands, Mixue 155 itself as cheap and cheerful, rather than trendy. Its viral song has been translated into 20 languages and is often played 156 in its franchises. “What it took our China team ten or 20 years to figure out, we’ve been able to 157 in just one year by learning from their experiences,” says Mr. Hartanto. Mixue’s biggest ambitions for growth are in countries with emerging economies and many young people. Yet over the past year Mixue stores have also opened in Australia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, and the firm has 158 its trademark in markets from Europe and America to Uzbekistan. It has announced plans for an initial public offering on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The singing snowman is coming your way. 【答案】 149．E 150．B 151．C 152．J 153．H 154．G 155．D 156．A 157．F 158．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜雪冰城在全球拥有近22,000家特许经营店，使其成为世界第五大快餐连锁店。蜜雪成功的部分原因在于销售亚洲最受欢迎的饮料：珍珠奶茶，一种含有耐嚼的木薯球的奶茶。 149．考查形容词。句意：这家中国公司在平均收入相对中等的中国小城市销售茶叶和软冰淇淋，并将其模式出口到东南亚。根据“built its brand selling teas and soft-serve ice-cream in smaller Chinese cities”以及句意“中等的”可知应填形容词modest，修饰名词incomes。故选E。 150．考查动词。句意：蜜雪成功的部分原因在于销售亚洲最受欢迎的饮料：珍珠奶茶，一种含有耐嚼的木薯球的奶茶。根据“in selling Asia’s favourite drink: bubble tea, a milky tea containing chewy tapioca balls”以及句意“在于”可知短语为consist in，陈述事实用一般现在时，Part of the reason是主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 151．考查名词。句意：根据新加坡研究公司Momentum Works的数据，2021年，在中国，这些调味茶的市场是咖啡的两倍，营业额达到200亿美元。根据“teas was twice that for coffee in 2021”以及句意“调味茶”可知应填名词flavored，作定语。故选C。 152．考查名词。句意：随着中国经济增长放缓，奶茶品牌已将目光投向东南亚，那里的市场价值40亿美元。根据“on South-East Asia, where the market was worth $4bn”以及句意“目光”可知应填复数名词sights，作宾语。故选J。 153．考查动词。句意：然而，没有一家现成的奶茶连锁店比蜜雪传播得更快，它于2018年在越南开设了第一家店。根据“faster than Mixue”以及句意“传播”可知应填动词spread，作谓语，结合has可知句子时态为现在完成时，填入过去分词符合题意。故选H。 154．考查名词。句意：截至今年3月，它在印尼的门店数量约为1500家；该公司希望到今年年底将其在那里的业务扩大一倍。根据“By March it had around 1,500 stores in Indonesia”以及句意“存在”可知应填名词presence，作宾语，不可数。故选G。 155．考查动词。句意：与其他高档奶茶品牌不同，蜜雪将自己定位为廉价和愉快，而不是时尚。根据“itself as cheap and cheerful”以及句意“定位”可知应填动词market，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是 Mixue，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选D。 156．考查副词。句意：它的热门歌曲已被翻译成20种语言，并经常在其特许经营中不断播放。根据“Its viral song has been translated into 20 languages and is often played”以及句意“不断”可知应填副词ceaselessly，修饰动词play。故选A。 157．考查动词。句意：哈坦托说:“我们的中国团队花了10年或20年才弄清楚的事情，通过学习他们的经验，我们只用了一年的时间就完善了。”根据“in just one year by learning from their experiences”以及句意“完善”可知应填动词perfect，上文为短语be able to do sth.。故选F。 158．考查动词。句意：然而，在过去的一年里，Mixue也在澳大利亚、日本、新加坡和韩国开设了门店，并在从欧洲、美国到乌兹别克斯坦的市场上注册了自己的商标。根据“its trademark in markets from Europe and America to Uzbekistan”以及句意“注册”可知应填动词register，结合has可知为现在完成时，填入过去分词符合题意。故选I。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 选词填空题 话题1 科技与社会现象 话题4 社会服务与人际沟通 话题2 自然生态与科学探索 话题5 文化与生活体验 话题3 教育成长与校园生活 话题6 职场与社会发展 话题 1 科技与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appliance  B．assign  C． consciousness  D．dominance  E. excluded  F. friendliness     G. performance    H. personify    I. qualities    J. stood    K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen 1 what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach 2 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 3 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human 4 . The phone apparently 5 in for real friends. At other times, we 6 products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents 7 at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people 8 traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with 9 . Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s 10 . Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海市交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．back  B．degree  C． demonstrate  D．doubly  E. enough  F. finally G. loyalty  H. promoted  I. relevant  J. turnover  K. unconditional Although many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 11 to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses — whether job related or not — offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company. One good reason for giving employees 12 tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable (可牺牲的), it is important for a company to 13 to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete investments in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 14 . A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 15 by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee 16 , because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 17 to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 18 , more often than not, the employee will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 19 benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 20 so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市奉贤区致远高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．monitors    B．risen    C． nonprofit    D．mostly E. alarms    F. recovered    G. nonexistent    H. amazingly I. corresponding    J. responded    K. remote     US schools struggle to deal with hoax (恶作剧) shootings More and more US schools are confiscating (没收) guns from students and having to deal with calls falsely reporting school shootings. The number of guns found on students in schools during the first two months of this school year has 21 compared with the same time in the past two years, says the nonprofit group Gun Violence Archive, which 22 gun activity. At least 220 guns were seized last month and in August in 35 states, compared with 128 at the same time last year. In the 23 period in 2019, 132 guns were confiscated. The number of guns found in 2020 is likely to have been lower because it was amid the pandemic, when classes were 24 . At least 15 guns were 25 from schools in Baltimore, Maryland, last year, said Sergeant Clyde Boatwright of the Baltimore City School Police Force. It was higher than in any recent year. This school year the department has recovered two guns. One was used when a high-school student was shot dead outside a school. The increasing prevalence of guns comes with an increase in what has come to be known as swatting. This is a hoax in which someone calls emergency services and reports a 26 crime to get law enforcement officials, generally a SWAT team, to go to an address. On Wednesday many San Francisco Bay Area high schools received active shooter hoax calls, a day after police in Florida 27 to swatting calls at several high schools. Since early last month about 117 hoaxes have been reported at schools in 17 states and the District of Columbia, said the National Association of School Resource Officers, a 28 group for school-based law enforcement professionals. “These false 29 are far from harmless,” said Mo Canady, the associations’ executive director. “They also distract limited public safety resources from other community needs and increase anxiety among students and others.” The calls have been made 30 from high schools, but also middle and elementary schools, according to local news reports. Some of the calls are hard to trace because they are made from internet phone numbers, law enforcement experts said. Passage 4 （22-23学年高二上·上海市浦东新区·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．target          B．random          C． seemingly         D．engaging E. carefully        F. awareness        G. campaign         H. improve Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product? These endorsements (名人代言)might not be totally 31 , and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: What do these endorsements actually do? Firstly, they can be used to build brand 32 . A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create 33 content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before. Secondly, influencers can 34 a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. A popular celebrity can 35 key demographics (客户群) and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer. Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with 36 ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be doubt what we are seeing. So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a 37 crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced. 话题 2 自然生态与科学探索 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市上海大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．precisely B．absence C． immediately D．insight E. roles F. allowing G. modified H. challenging I. significance J. rarely  K. lack Are legs more important than arms? Evolution has equipped animals with arms and legs of all shapes and sizes. But does one type of limb hold greater 38 than another? The answer lies in a different question: What species are you talking about? “Animals live in in different environments and they play unique ecological 39 ,” John Hutchinson, a professor of evolutionary biomechanics at the Royal Veterinary College in London, told Live Science. “What we can do is to observe the patterns we see in nature over time and examine how legs and arms have evolved, giving us 40 into their significance.” Let’s start with humans, which are bipedal, meaning we use only two legs to walk, instead of four. Consequently, survival without legs would likely be more 41 than without arms, particularly in the 42 of mobility aids for disabled people, such as wheelchairs. Humans are an example where we’ve emphasized our legs — they’re much bigger, longer and stronger. But for birds, arms — or, more 43 , wings — are vastly more important than their legs. Bird wings are essentially 44 arms that are adapted for flight and they often make up the largest part of a flying bird’s body. One reason why you 45 encounter birds with injured wings is that it severely hinders their ability to survive. Some species don’t depend on legs or arms because they 46 them. From snakes to worms, many species have evolved to become limbless, 47 them to better capture prey or move swiftly through their environment, where extra limbs may actually get in the way, according to the Florida State Parks Department. “That’s very common, actually, that front and hind legs are not important at all,” Hutchinson said. “Plenty of animals again and again — from fish to snakes — have reduced all four limbs.” Passage 2 （23-24学年高二上·上海市嘉定区·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．inevitably    B．tremendous   C． exhaustion   D．promoting   E. essential   F. identified G. applied    H. undertaking    I. biodiversity    J. challenge   K. virtually How to feed the world without consuming too much nitrogen fertilizer More than any other aspect of the climate crisis, it is the over-production of carbon dioxide that has been valued. But nitrogen(氮), and its 48 use in commercial fertilizer(化肥), also leads to air pollution and climate change. Evidence suggests their use also contributes to air pollution, increases the rates of cancer and reduces 49 . But nitrogen helps feed around half the world’s population and remains 50 for the foreseeable future. With prices of fertilizer rising, many developing countries don’t have access to it, with resulting threats to food security. The global nitrogen 51 involves both reducing fertilizer use, and getting it to where it’s needed most. A team of scientists has come up with a five-step plan to solve this two-sided problem. Benjamin Houlton, the leader, explains that only by 52 a holistic(整体的)approach and combining solutions can the problem be solved on both levels. The five steps which have been 53 involve changing agricultural practices, getting fertilizer to the places where it’s needed, reducing nitrogen pollution and finally, both reducing food waste and 54 a change in diet. The latter two are essential because 55 one-quarter of all global food produced is wasted along the supply chain, which means that a large portion of the nitrogen fertilizer 56 to crops is ultimately wasted. Benjamin admits that adding nitrogen to the list of existing climate crisis might cause a sense of 57 . Nevertheless, he has an encouraging message. “The truth is, nitrogen is a blessing and a curse,” he says, “But if you can reduce the spill-overs of nitrogen, you can quickly get systems to return to a more original state. That makes it very different from CO2. We lock in 30 to 50 years of climate impacts every time we send out a molecule(微粒)of CO2 into the air. But with nitrogen you can get immediate returns on investment.” Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市吴淞中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．principle  B．ultimately  C． sensitive  D．analyzed  F. sensible E. account  G. principal  H. subjects  I. drawn  J. coats  K. additionally It is common knowledge that mosquitoes don’t attack everyone equally. Scientists have discovered that the pests are 58 to people at astonishingly different rates, but they have struggled to explain what on earth makes certain people “mosquito magnets” while others survive totally. In a new essay published on September 16 in the journal Science, researchers indicate that certain body odors are the deciding factor. Every person has a unique scent profile consisting of different chemical compounds, which mosquitoes are quite 59 to, and the researchers found that mosquitoes were most drawn to people whose skin releases high levels of carboxylic acids. And 60 , the researchers found that peoples’ attractiveness to mosquitoes remained steady as time goes, regardless of changes in diet or brushing habits. The researchers carefully 61 the scent profiles to determine what might 62 for this vast difference. They found a pattern: the most attractive 63 tended to produce greater levels of carboxylic acids from their skin while the least attractive subjects produced much less. Carboxylic acids are 64 organic compounds. Humans produce them in our sebum, which is the oily layer that 65 our skin; there, the acids help to keep our skin moisturized and protected, Vosshall says. Humans release carboxylic acids at much higher levels than most animals, De Obaldia adds, though the amount varies from person to person. The new study had too few participants to say what personal characteristics make someone more likely to produce high levels of carboxylic acids — and there’s no easy way to test your own skin’s carboxylic acid levels outside of the laboratory, Vosshall says. But if you think you might be a mosquito magnet, all hope is not 66 lost. Akbari says the study could help researchers develop more effective mosquito repellents in the future. The secret might be in adding new bacteria to the skin’s existing microbiome to alter its scent profile. So next time it will be 67 of you to apply repellents on your skin before you go to the spot. 话题 3 教育成长与校园生活 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accidentally    B．applying    C． connections   D．defined   E. examples  F. explaining G. reflect     H. thoughtfully    I. trends    J. various    K. called A mathematics teacher asks her students to design a floor plan for a community center, including dance areas and a place for a band. Why? Because such a design will involve several geometric shapes and a/an 68 area, and the students must use what they have studied about the computation of area to make an effective plan. A history teacher asks his students to 69 on and write about their experiences holding jobs and their relationships with their employers. Why? Because the students will soon be studying the Industrial Revolution, focusing on how it shaped the experiences of and relationships among members of 70 social classes in the United States. A science teacher asks her students to prepare statements 71 their position on whether the president should sign an international environmental treaty. Why? Because preparing these statements will engage the students in assessing and 72 a number of scientific views on global warming. Anyone alert to current 73 in teaching practice will not be surprised by these examples. They illustrate the practice on the part of many teachers to engage students more 74 in the subject matter they are learning by helping students to draw 75 between their lives and the subject matter, between principles and practice, past and present, and present and future. Yet there is also something unusual about these 76 : not what appears on the surface but what lies behind it. These three learning activities were developed with the help of a simple set of guidelines 77 the Teaching for Understanding Framework. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海普陀区长征中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．allows   B．provide    C． ranked    D．proud   E. valid    F. increasingly G. available   H. significantly   I. honors   J. passions   K. struggling Students eat for one dollar at new cafe U.K. Dining has announced that the fashion cafe, on the second floor of the University of Kentucky’s Hall will be called One, a community coffee. The task of One is to 78 enrolled U.K. students with access to well-balanced meals for just one dollar. One will serve lunches between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., between Mondays and Fridays. Students with a 79 student ID are invited to visit for a meal. This will include main course and the two side dishes, with vegan options 80 . Students can also plan ahead and pick a second meal for their dinner. Those who have visited fashion cafe frequently and want to try something new for breakfast or a sandwich lunch can go to Einstein’s. It is only a three-minute walk away in the Chemistry-Physics building. “We are 81 to offer this new concept on campus. It 82 us to reduce hunger in the food insecurity for our student community so that students can focus on what they do best,” said a manager for U.K. Dining. The University of Kentucky is 83 the first choice for students, faculty and staff to follow their 84 and their professional goals. It has had many 85 to its name. For the last two years in a row, Forbes has named the University of Kentucky among the best employers of diversity. The University of Kentucky is also 86 among the top 30 campuses in the nation. But the university is more important for what it represents. The University of Kentucky is aiming at creating a community of belonging and 87 for excellence. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·上海市青浦高级中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．integrate  B．leap    C． equal      D．campaign E. sharp   F. exposing   G. embarrassed   H. discreetly I. inviting   J. carelessly   K. disapproval From Chaos to Order: Our Dormitory Journey In our college dormitory, life used to be as carefree as a bird until one day, the school dropped a bombshell:for the next month, there would be a daily inspection to ensure all dorms were in flawless condition by 8 am 88 . The news spread like wildfire, and it didn’t take long for the groans and complaints to fill the hallways. It was evident that a sense of 89 prevailed among the students. No one wanted to sacrifice their morning sleep and free time for this sudden cleanliness “ 90 ”. My roommate, Tom, was hit the hardest. His corner of the room was always a disaster zone, with garments tossed about 91 and a small mountain of empty snack wrappers. But we were well aware that we had to figure out a way to 92 this new rule into our daily lives if we wanted to avoid the dorm supervisor’s anger. We kicked things off by devising a plan. In a straightforward manner, plainly we divided the cleaning chores so that each of us had a (n) 93 load. I took on the task of sweeping the floor, while Tom was unwillingly tasked with tidying up his own mess. Initially, mornings were pure chaos. Tom would grumble as he attempted to cleanup, and more often than not, we’d find ourselves running behind. One day, as we were scrambling to meet the 8 am cutoff, Tom accidentally knocked over a pile of books, 94 a concealed collection of old magazines he’d been hiding under his bed. His 95 smile set off a wave of laughter among us. Despite the rocky start, we slowly but surely improved. We learned to handle our personal mess more 96 not wanting to add fuel to the chaos. As days passed, we found that things started to run more smoothly. And as the days rolled by, an unforeseen transformation occurred. Our dorm began to look truly 97 and we discovered that living in a clean space benefited our moods and study focus in ways we hadn’t expected, By the end of the inspection period, our dorm was among the top challengers for cleanliness. We didn’t seize any official honors, but we knew we’d achieved something remarkable. And Tom, he finally grasped the bonuses of being organized and vowed to keep his space spick-and-span from then on. It was a month filled with laughter, trials, and, in the end, personal development. 话题 4 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （22-23学年高二上·上海市朱家角中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accompany    B．approach    C． circumstances    D．completely E. impress    F. limits    G. mistakenly    H. persuasive I. produce    J. requesters    K. strategic Whether you’re at a bank, a supermarket, or an amusement park, waiting in line is probably not your idea of fun. Under what 98 would you be willing to let another person cut in front of you? Is it possible that just a single word from 99 could dramatically increase the likelihood that you’d say, “Go ahead”? Yes, and the word is “because.” Behavioral scientist Ellen Langer and her colleagues decided to put the 100 power of this word to the test. In one study, she arranged for a stranger to 101 those waiting to use a photocopier and ask “Excuse me? I just have five pages. May I use the machine?” In this situation, 60 percent of the people agreed to allow the stranger to go ahead of them. However, when the stranger followed the request with a reason, almost everyone agreed to the request. Then Langer repeated the experiment. This time the stranger also used the word because, but followed it with a(n) 102 meaningless reason. Even with this meaningless reason, 93 percent agreed to let the stranger go first. Of course like most things, the power of because has its 103 . In the previous study the request was small — five copies. Langer repeated the experiment, but told the person to ask to make 20 copies. This time, when the stranger did not use the word because, only 24 percent agreed, and when the meaningless reason was added, this didn’t help to 104 any increase in compliance at all. However, when the request was made with a good reason, 50 percent of the people asked agreed. These findings serve as a reminder to always be sure to 105 your request with a reason, even when you think the reasons might be pretty clear. Too often we 106 assume that other people understand the reasons behind our requests. Rather than telling your children to “come to the table for dinner now” or “go to bed immediately,” a more 107 way would be to provide a reason why you are asking them to take that action. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·上海行知中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fire   B．requests   C． effective   D．inexperienced   E. casual   F. training G. acknowledge   H. demonstrate   I. panic   J. vacancy   K. screening Weird Job Interviews Finding a new job isn’t always easy. You search for a suitable 108 , send in an application form and if that goes well, you might be invited for an interview. For some, this is when the 109 sets in — you’re going to be faced by a panel of strangers who’ll 110 difficult questions at you, and you’ll have to actually prove yourself. But how would you feel if, instead of being naked why you want the job, you’re asked to stand up and dance? From the perspective of a company, it wants to hire the right person because they can make a big difference to the success of the organization. It therefore needs to test a candidate in the most appropriate way to discover how suitable he or she may be. A good interview process should involve careful 111 of job applicants and 112 questions that every applicant gets asked. But that’s not always the case. Alison Green is an author and creator of the workplace advice column ‘Ask a Manager’. She told the BBC that some companies “give their interviewers little or no 113 and often leave them completely on their own when it comes to figuring out what to ask job candidates.” She mentions that some interviewers are too 114 and some focus on building a good rapport (友善) and end up hiring the candidate they just ‘clicked with’, regardless of their skills and abilities. A(n) 115 interviewer may think it’s clever to ask ‘if you were an animal, what kind would you be?’ That has been asked, Alison Green says, but in reality this has no connection with the job. And there have been inappropriate 116 , such as one job seeker being asked to show the interviewer the inside of her handbag to 117 how organized she was. Talking of inappropriate, the BBC heard from a number of people who were surprised by the questions they were asked in an interview. Mature student Kevin Helton said that “the interviewer asked, ‘you used to be in the Army, how many people have you killed?’” Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海市第十中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are two words more than you need. A．sponsor B．achieve C． presented D．consciousness E. isolated F. accepted G. enduring H. embarrassment I. competing Life isn’t easy for families of children with special needs. Faced with responsibility of a family member requiring extra attention and care, many families feel lonely, 118 and hopeless. In many cases, the families feel a sense of 119 because their children are not “perfect”. But Taiwan Sunshine wants to change that. Founded in 2009, Taiwan Sunshine believes that all children have characteristic value, and by supporting the families who care for children with special needs, it can change the 120 understanding. In doing so, it hopes to help these children become useful members of society. The Taipei-based, non-profit organization seeks to fulfill these goals in three ways. First, it offers in-school programs, often centered on events like Christmas. Second, it develops conferences for use in schools, churches and other organizations. These conferences raise 121 of the issues that families with special-needs children face and encourage organizations to develop programs to support these families. Third, Taiwan Sunshine works with other groups to put together and 122 the “I Am a Hero Games”. During the games, children compete in different athletic activities, such as the ball throw and running race. When children aren’t 123 , they enjoy other activities, such as playing with dogs from a local therapy program. Each game includes a prize-awarding ceremony in which all the children are formally 124 with medals to celebrate their accomplishments. Through programs like the Hero Games, Taiwan Sunshine is working hard to meet the needs of families with special-needs children. 话题 5 文化与生活体验 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．agreement  B．boosting  C． concentrated  D．custom  E. dominant   F. established G. impossibly  H. loss  I. presented  J. subconsciously  K. throwing How a Hotel Gets Its Signature Scent Six years ago, Atelier Cologne (古龙水) founder Sylvie Ganter was offered a challenge: to create a signature scent for the Majestic, a five-star hotel, in celebration of its 100-year anniversary. She had six years of developing and perfecting fragrances (香水) for her consumers. But for a building? “I was at a (n) 125 where to even start,” she recalls. The first step was 126 herself in the hotel. She stayed there over a long weekend, soaking up every detail, like the history (Hemingway was, famously, a longtime resident), the decor, and the overall aesthetic. It crystallized what had felt like a(n) 127 abstract task, allowing her a hope of how she could capture the spirit of the hotel. Once she 128 the mood she wanted to arouse — chic, elegant, and timeless — she turned her attention to the ingredients. “I designed it like I would have for the skin because that’s what I know,” says Ganter. “And then we adapted it so it could be spread out through air conditioning by making it brighter and less 129 . You want something that smells good in the space, not overwhelming.” Finally, “Musc Imperial” was launched at the Majestic in 2015, and soon after, guests demanded it in perfume form. The hotel requested that it be made into an amenities line (洗护用品系列), ending Bulgari’s 130 position as its sole retailer. “Guests may not pay that much attention to the scent, but, 131 , they’re aware it’s there when they walk into the lobby.” She says, “If you bring home the shower gel, it transports you back to the place where you had a really good time.” Which is precisely the whole point of signature scents for hotels: creating an olfactory (嗅觉的) memory that, when 132 again, can trigger nostalgia, ultimately driving repeat business. The 133 between a hotel’s personality and the signature scent is an important one. When there’s a disconnect, it could potentially lead to disastrous results, thus hurting its brand identity. No one will know for certain how a(n) 134 fragrance will be received, but when done right, it enhances the overall experience. For Ganter, it paid off when she dreamed up “Musc Imperial”. Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．character         B．committed             C． control     D．failure E. fortunately         F. magic                 G. range         H. reinvented I. repeatedly         J. revolutionizing         K. smash The Oral History of James Cameron Sigourney Weaver didn’t want to star in a sequel to Alien. Then she read the screenplay. “Every single page was my 135 , with all kinds of different levels of drama,” she says. “Everything about the script was so good and powerful.” It was a war movie in space. To the actress, the idea of Ellen Ripley fighting aliens alongside a unit of colonial marines sounded great. There was only one problem: “First of all, I didn’t know there would be machine guns in it,” she says. “And I had worked for gun 136 for a number of years. So I said, ‘I’m sorry, the gun thing, that’s not going to work for me.” Another director might have turned his back on Weaver. But not James Cameron.      He responded by taking her to a shooting 137 . After letting off a few bursts of gunfire, she began to see the world through Cameron’s eyes. “Unfortunately, or 138 , that experience gives you so much adrenaline (肾上腺激素), and it’s a little bit transforming.” Weaver says. “I had to embrace the fact that I was with an army unit and they were going to be using these guns. And at some point I would have to do that, too. Jim really wants his actors to feel comfortable, and to feel 139 . So he always had me try everything first.” Aliens was a typical Cameron blockbuster: exciting, moving, futuristic, propelled by a heroine, and full of things that audiences had never seen before. And, oh yeah: It was a box office 140 that won two Oscars and earned seven nominations, including Weaver’s first. This is the James Cameron way. He’s 141 the popcorn film every single time he’s made one, from The Terminator to Titanic to Avatar. Each of his movies is more ambitious, more expensive, and more imaginative than the last. He’s 142 outdone himself — and the rest of Hollywood. But while Cameron’s genius is unique, he hasn’t made 143 alone. From his early days as a special effects assistant to 144 3D filmmaking again with ‘Avatar: The Way of Water’, one thing has always been clear: working with James Cameron is a singular experience. Passage 3 （22-23学年高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．served     B．spares     C． yields     D．practically     E. consumed     F. reminds     G. tosses H. strikingly    I. stubbornly     J. desired     K. flavors Yunnan Province, covering an area of 394,000 square kilometers, combines unique ethnic cultures, magnificent mountain scenery, rainforest, tea plantations, ancient towns and delicious food. Kunming, Dali, Lijiang and Shangri-La are always on the bucket list to those who haven’t been to Yunnan before. In the courtyard of her restaurant in Xishuangbanna, Su Ying is preparing to give me a cooking lesson. But she has no pots and pans. Instead, she is going to cook the food in banana leaves and tubes of fresh bamboo on a small fire under an iron tripod in a corner of the yard. Su 145 a mixture of wild vegetables with lemongrass and chili and wraps them up in banana leaves. She seasons sliced beef with chili herbs and spices and puts it into a tube of freshly cut bamboo. Another tube is filled with a more exotic delicacy: live bamboo worms, which she mixes with herbs and spices. Su then thrusts the tubes into the fire. Even to many Chinese, Yunnan seems exotic. Its remoteness 146 it much of the overdevelopment and pollution. The province is a global hotspot of biodiversity and boasts a 147 wide range of local ingredients. Most famously, the summer mushroom season 148 some 300 varieties of edible(可食用的) fungi, including delicacies such as savory matsutake(松茸). There are countless wild plants and plenty of bugs and grubs. On my trips to the province over the years I have dined on toasted barley flour and 149 cups of yak butter tea (酥油茶) in a town now known as Shangri-la. In the north-east of the province I gorged on (狼吞虎咽) spicy hotpots. Even farther north I visited the center of ham production in Xuanwei, where I tasted delicate soups and stews. Here in Xishuangbanna. I was tasting the sour and hot 150 and fresh herbs of the tropical south. No one restaurant or chef could represent Yunnan. There is no single overarching Yunnan cuisine, but a selection of overlapping ones. And more than anywhere else in China, delicacies 151 on table in Yunnan use a large proportion of the ingredients that are 152 local and unavailable elsewhere. In an age when people can sample delicacies from 153 anywhere in the world without even having to leave home, Yunnan 154 us that for a real taste of local culinary culture, sometimes you just have to go to the source. 话题 6 职场与社会发展 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·上海师范大学附属中学宝山分校、闵行分校·期末） Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．hitting   B．promotion   C．fill   D．professional   H.manage   E.entirely    F.obtaining   G. qualifications    H.manage   I. flexible   J.occasionally   K. employment Education is a good opportunity for those of us who strive to better ourselves.But for people in    full-time 155 ,getting  the  balancing  act  between  work  and  studying  can  prove a stumbling block.So,what are the benefits of 156 the books once in work? University is often considered a logical step for people who wish to continue their education after school.While options of Master’s degrees, PhDs and other postgraduate 157 exist, many students leave after 158 their Bachelor’s and head into the world of work.After years of doing the same job,some feel adding new skills or knowledge to their locker may open up new opportunities or help them to get a 159 .Studying part-time in the evenings and weekends can be a great way to juggle responsibilities. In terms of the benefits,learning new techniques that you can bring into the workplace can make you more of an authority in your area and a go-to person for advice.If the business has a skills shortage,you may be able to step up to the plate and 160 that gap.In short, studying more could make you more promotable down the line and more useful to the business. If you  study in a classroom,your experience of the workplace could bring a wealth of knowledge to other students and provide real-life examples for you to draw on.You may also meet like-minded people who you can add to your 161 network in the future.And while adult learners have to consider things like children,home lives and work,many adult and part-time  courses are more 162 and spread over a number of years.Some courses can even be done partly or 163 online,which means that you can   164 your time more easily studying from home and you don’t need to factor in travel time. So,there are a variety of options for those who wish to return to studying.And increasing your skills may open up new careers or opportunities in your professional life. Passage 2 （22-23学年高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present     B．features     C． concerned     D．reportedly     E. commercial        F. stretches    G. overwhelming H. exceptionally     I. routinely     J. spared        K. broadcasts Modern media is awash in advertising clutter(杂乱), and who’s to blame? Modern audiences that hate conventional full-length and full-size ads. Today’s consumers don’t like to pay for content, which ought to create a rich environment for advertisers. Yet these same consumers are prone to click or turn away when a conventional ad appears. The result is ad clutter. YouTube 165 a combination of full-length ads, skippable ads, lower-screen banners and display ads on the page alongside each video. Newspapers that once considered the front page important now 166 run ads there. Advertisers integrate plugs(推销) into content to frustrate digital video recorders, which allow viewers to watch programs on a delay and skip regular commercials. If you watch regional telecasts of baseball games, the commercial clutter is so 167 . Ads are visible on the stadium wall behind the home-plate umpire(裁判). On-screen graphics include sponsor logos. And everything is a paid plug--“This call to the coach’s zone is brought to you by Verizon.” According to the showbiz paper Variety, several streaming services are about to introduce a new twist: commercials that start running whenever a viewer pauses a program. Hulu intends to launch such ads this year. AT&T’s DirecTV and U-verse units will 168 use similar technology to trigger full-motion commercials whenever a viewer tries to take a break. There’s a lot at stake. According to Variety, National Football League(NFL) TV broadcasts generate an estimated $4.35 billion in ad revenue during the 17-week regular season. NFL 169 are now loaded with mini commercials that pop up when there is a brief pause in the action, often in “double boxes” that show a view of the field in one frame and a(n) 170 in the other. Interestingly, with no “screen” to work with, radio is one medium that has tried for some time to buck the trend. Many commercial stations trade clutter for clusters--that is, a solid block of commercials running five minutes or more, followed by lengthy commercial-free 171 of time. But wherever a screen is involved, or a printed page, ad clutter is 172 everywhere. Programmers and advertisers can’t really be expected to limit this; it’s a fact of business. Consumers, on the other hand, can opt for commercial-free content--if they’re willing to pay for it. But getting limitless content without paying while also being 173 heavy advertising intrusions is impossible. As media environment is permanently cluttered, audiences should be 174 with what they wish for. Passage 3 （23-24学年高二上·上海市进才中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ceaselessly   B．consists   C． flavored   D．markets   E. modest    F. perfect G. presence     H. spread    I. registered   J. sights     K. specifically Opposite a university campus on the outskirts of Jakarta, motorbikes line the front of Ricky Salim’s ice-cream and tea store, one of thousands of Mixue franchise owners across Asia. This Chinese firm, which built its brand selling teas and soft-serve ice-cream in smaller Chinese cities with relatively 175 average incomes, is exporting its model across South-East Asia. Its nearly 22,000 franchised stores worldwide have made it the fifth-largest fast-food chain in the world. Part of the reason for Mixue’s success 176 in selling Asia’s favourite drink: bubble tea, a milky tea containing chewy tapioca balls. In China, the market for these 177 teas was twice that for coffee in 2021, with a $20bn turnover, according to Momentum Works, a research firm in Singapore. As growth has slowed in China, bubble-tea brands have set their 178 on South-East Asia, where the market was worth $4bn. Several other large Chinese tea brands, including HeyTea, Nayuki Tea, ChaGee and Happy Lemon, have also moved into the region. Yet no ready-made bubble-tea chain has 179 faster than Mixue, which opened its first store in Vietnam in 2018. By March it had around 1,500 stores in Indonesia; the firm wants to double its 180 there by the end of this year. Unlike fancier bubble-tea brands, Mixue 181 itself as cheap and cheerful, rather than trendy. Its viral song has been translated into 20 languages and is often played 182 in its franchises. “What it took our China team ten or 20 years to figure out, we’ve been able to 183 in just one year by learning from their experiences,” says Mr. Hartanto. Mixue’s biggest ambitions for growth are in countries with emerging economies and many young people. Yet over the past year Mixue stores have also opened in Australia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, and the firm has 184 its trademark in markets from Europe and America to Uzbekistan. It has announced plans for an initial public offering on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The singing snowman is coming your way. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $