精品解析：山东省潍坊第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中第二次过关英语试题

高二上学期期中质量监测二次过关 英语试卷 阅读理解 (共两节，满分62.5分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A On Oct.6, three scientists were awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. They discovered how the body stops its own immune system from turning against itself, a process vital for preventing autoimmune (自身免疫性) diseases. The immune system performs a remarkable balancing act. On a daily basis, it must accurately identify and destroy a great many foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria, many of which have gradually developed into what look like our own cells. The critical question was: what system ensures this defense force does not harm the body it is meant to protect? For a long time the thymus (胸腺), a small organ in the chest, was considered the central area for establishing “immune tolerance.” It was thought to remove attacking cells during early development. However, this theory could not fully explain the body’s continuous self-control. The revolutionary change began with the work of Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi. Through a series of innovative experiments on newborn mice in the 1980s and 1990s, he made an unexpected discovery that removing the thymus led to autoimmune disorders, suggesting that the organ was not just removing harmful cells but was also the source of specialized protective cells. After a decade of strict investigation, Sakaguchi definitively identified a new class of cells in 1995, which he named “T-reggs”. In the beginning, the scientific community met this discovery with a lot of doubt, since the existence of these “peacekeeper” cells was a completely new idea. The crucial confirmation came from the work of American scientists Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell. Their research in the late 1990s and early 2000s detailed the precise systems: T-reggs either produce calming proteins or deliver direct signals to take control of other attacking immune cells. Furthermore, they identified a specific protein called FoxP3, which acts as a key switch for T-reg function, providing a clear marker for their study. The discoveries of these three scientists have proved that immunity is not merely an attacking force but is under constant, active control. This essential knowledge has opened up new roads for treating autoimmune conditions, improving organ transplant capacity, and even developing more effective cancer treatments, showcasing the significant impact of understanding the body’s internal safeguards. 1. What does “immune tolerance” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The process of avoiding self-attack. B. The function in producing immune cells. C. The ability to destroy viruses and bacteria. D. The tendency of losing continuous self-control. 2. What can be inferred from Sakaguchi’s experiment? A. The result was immediately accepted. B. The thymus failed to remove harmful cells. C. T-reggs were confirmed to produce calming proteins. D. The thymus had a previously unknown protective function. 3. What is mainly mentioned about the discovery in the last paragraph? A. Its remaining challenges. B. Its impact on our body. C. Its wide applications in medicine. D. Its success in curing illnesses. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. T-reggs: Body’s Peacekeepers. B. Thymus: Centre of Creating Cells. C. Side Effects of the Immune System. D. Fight Against Autoimmune Diseases. B Natural disasters can have a significant impact on the mental health of individuals and their communities at large. There’s no doubt that seeing homes wiped away and city infrastructure (基础设施) in a mess right after a disaster would be a severe blow. New research by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that survivors of natural disasters often experience worsening mental health effects many months or years later. Surprisingly, the first few weeks after a natural disaster can be a time of emotional highs for a community. It includes a “heroic phase”, when people witness and perform rescues that inspire a sense of altruism (利他主义). That’s followed by the “honeymoon phase”, during which the arrival of large amounts of assistance encourages optimism and bonding within a community. However, the support gradually decreases over time due to limited resources and lack of recognition of the lasting mental health impact of a disaster. That’s when communities enter the “disillusionment phase”. Recovery workers have packed up and moved on, and people feel left alone. Many community members become physically exhausted and substance use disorders surface during this period, which can last months or even years. And trigger events, like the anniversary of the disaster, can cause dramatic increases in mental health problems. The study indicates that emergency preparedness plans should find ways to extend mental health services throughout the long-term recovery phase. “These things should come first: focusing on people with limited financial resources, increasing the awareness of mental health services during expected emotional lows, and suicide prevention strategies as well” said Dr Gary Small, chair of psychiatry at Hackensack University Medical Center. Regardless of the strategy used, providing long-term mental health support is critical to helping disaster survivors get back on their feet and recover from trauma (创伤). It’s a reminder that the natural disaster isn’t just an environmental concern — it’s a mental health issue as well. 5. What mainly causes the community high spirits after a natural disaster? A. Reconstruction work. B. Rescue efforts and support. C. Thankfulness for surviving. D. Increased community participation. 6. What can be a typical feature of the “disillusionment phase”? A. Resources have run out. B. Recovery workers are not helpful. C. The disaster anniversary is observed. D. Survivors may experience hopelessness. 7. What does Dr. Small suggest regarding the mental health services? A. Supporting poor survivors. B. Focusing on financial supporters. C Recognizing emotional lows. D. Helping survivors recover quickly. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To promote natural disaster response plans. B. To highlight the shortage of mental health services. C. To call for long-term post-disaster mental health care. D. To emphasize the damaging power of natural disasters. C Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be used to leave people out or lift them up. When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions. For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white, and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves. There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However, the pressure to meet unrealistic standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an overall approach. We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities. 9. What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Classified carefully. B. Read attentively. C. Compared thoroughly. D. Recommended sincerely. 10. What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry? A. Causing self-denial. B. Generating individuality. C. Focusing on true passions. D. Contributing to self-confidence. 11. What can be inferred about true inclusivity? A. It encourages personal effort. B. It satisfies traditional standards. C. It focuses on physical appearances. D. It calls for diversity and cooperation. 12. Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A. Customers will change their body shapes. B. Future teens will redefine fashion standards. C. Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness. D. “Bikini body” standards should be strengthened. D In a clinical trial with 80 adults, a team of researchers found that sleep extension reduced energy intake and resulted in a negative energy balance in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually reduced their sleep duration (持续时间). The findings appear in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine. Obesity is a major public health concern. Much evidence suggests that sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis is associated with adverse health results. Particularly, insufficient sleep duration has been increasingly recognized as an important factor for obesity. However, it remains unknown whether extending sleep duration can be an effective strategy for preventing obesity. The clinical trial involved 80 adults aged 21 to 40 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0 and 29.9, and habitual sleep duration of less than 6.5 hours per night. The study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to October 30, 2020. The participants were able to increase their sleep duration by an average of 1.2 hours per night after a personalized sleep counseling (咨询) session. Overall, participants who increased their sleep duration were able to reduce their calorie intake by an average of 270 kcal per day — which would translate to roughly 12 kg of weight loss over three years if the effects were maintained over a long term. Ultimately, the researchers hope to examine the underlying (潜在的) mechanisms that may explain these results, and believe their work should encourage new, larger studies on weight control to determine if extending sleep can support weight-loss programs and help prevent or reverse obesity. “In our earlier work, we understood that sleep is important for appetite regulation,” Dr. Tasali said. “Now we’ve shown that in real life, without making any other lifestyle changes, you can extend your sleep and eat fewer calories. This could really help people trying to lose weight.” 13. What’s the new finding of the research? A. Sleep extension can lead to weight problems. B. Extending sleep duration helps reduce caloric intake. C. Controlling energy intake is the key to losing weight. D. Overweight adults often decrease their sleep duration. 14. What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 2? A. Harmful. B. Unique. C. Lasting. D. Apparent. 15. According to the text, the subject of the study ________. A. usually slept 6.5 hours per night B. were 80 adults of the similar age group C. got advice on sleep tailored to themselves D. were particularly chosen from a certain place 16. What do researchers think of the study? A. Its results are hard to explain clearly. B. It lays a foundation for further studies. C. It’s unreliable with many factors ignored. D. It has solved all the puzzles of researchers. 第二节 七选五 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Everyone knows about straight-A students. Many straight-A students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their low-scoring classmates. Here are some secrets of the young study champions. _____17_____. Top students bear no breaks on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, and snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation. Get organized. Paul Melendres, a straight-A freshman from New Mexico, keeps two folders — one for the day’s assignments, another for papers completed and graded. _____18_____. Melendres’ methods have actually proven effective. Even students who don’t have a private study area remain organized to cut down time-wasting searches. Clean up your act. Neat papers are likely to get higher grades than sloppy ones. “The student who turns in a neat paper,” says Claude Olney, an Arizona State University business professor, “is already on the way to an A. It’s like being served a cheeseburger. _____19_____.” Speak up. “If I don’t understand what my teacher is explaining, I asked him to repeat it,” says Christopher Campbell. Class participation goes beyond merely asking questions, though. ______20______. “Better academic grades come from better understanding.” says Campell. “I don’t want to memorize information for tests only.” Test yourself. As part of her note-taking, Domenica Roman emphasizes points that she thinks may be covered during exams. ____21____. Later she gives herself a written examination before test day. “If I can’t answer the questions satisfactorily, I will go back and review.” she says. A. Set priorities. B. Schedule your time. C. She designs test questions based on them. D. It’s a matter of showing intellectual curiosity. E. A bag or drawer keeps essential supplies together. F. Hard work isn’t the whole story behind their academic grades. G. You can’t believe it tastes good if it’s presented on a dirty plate. B It’s not so long ago that contactless card payments were exciting and new, but the technology is already old-hat. The new, better way to pay for things in shops? By using your phone to make a contactless payment. Because traditionally, when you have paid with a card tap (轻敲) or using a chip and pin machine, ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details. ____22____ And this could be a problem — it means that if the shop is hacked (侵入) or plays fast and loose with its data, you could find your card number exposed to the world. However, when you tap to pay with your device, it generates a unique ID number for that deal and sends that instead. So you can pay for your goods and the shop can get your money. ____23____ That is to say, phone payments are smarter. ____24____ If a pickpocket steals your card they can immediately use up the money. But if they get your phone, when the phone goes to pay it will typically perform a biometric check-it will ask for a finger-print or use the camera to look at your face, to check that you are who you say you are. ____25____ Because of this added security, the limit (限额) is typically higher than for contactless cards. In the UK, it’s around £ 100 for most retailers-though some shops including most supermarkets let you spend much more with just a tap of the phone. Want to give it a try? To actually set things up, go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions. ____26____ Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank. Usually you receive a text message with a special code on it. And then, well, you’re done. When you pay, hold your phone over the payment machine, and pay for your goods! A. It helps to build the client list. B. The setup process varies with banks. C. No one needs to share any sensitive data. D. It’s also more effective against the threat of thefts. E. And phone payments are increasingly convenient too. F. Typically this starts by scanning your card with your phone. G. Therefore, it knows which bank account to take the money from. 第三节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (一) The stage lights dimmed, and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the ____27____. Blinded by the lights, I quickly ____28____. It seemed that a great number of eyes were looking at me. I entered the stage and began my ____29____, the graduation test of the classical Indian dance. After a decade of learning this art form, I had ____30____ been considered ready to take on the most difficult act. The test is the most important event in a dancer’s life. The performance was undertaken only by the most ____31____ and determined students. It was a difficult process that required much commitment. For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day ____32____ these dances. Many times, I ____33____ myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to ____34____. I discovered a lot about myself in those tiring hours. I learnt that I was far too ____35____ to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself ______36______ after I had set an unrealistic goal. Even with physical pain and mental ______37______, I forced myself to meet my ______38______. Even when I was at the end of my ______39______, there was always something driving me on, forcing me not to give up. Fortunately, I made it. What I had done ______40______ the success. It was in those hours that I learnt what a dancer ______41______ is. 27. A. staff B. audience C. opponents D. composers 28. A. pulled back B. set off C. reached out D. broke away 29. A. display B. attempt C. response D. performance 30. A. easily B. ultimately C. occasionally D. directly 31. A. focused B. beautiful C. intelligent D. considerate 32. A. recording B. practicing C. discussing D. watching 33. A. applied B. attached C. treated D. pushed 34. A. predict B. design C. learn D. research 35. A. brilliant B. brave C. stubborn D. discouraged 36. A. wrong B. nervous C. frightened D. careless 37. A. function B. status C. level D. stress 38. A. budget B. expectation C. responsibility D. deadline 39. A. limit B. purpose C. preparation D. destination 40. A. increased B. deserved C. expanded D. exposed 41. A. completely B. chiefly C. truly D. originally (二) It was 6 p. m. on Chinese New Year’s Eve. I was working as a tour guide and was on my way to ____42____ a group for a night tour around Kuala Lumpur. As I drove along the road, a small car flew across the road from the ____43____ direction and crashed into my car head-on. I passed out. In the hospital, I saw my crushed feet hanging from my body, blue and ____44____ , and I begged the doctors to save them at all costs. They calmly promised to do their best. Days after that, I was informed that I lost the job. My heart ____45____ . I felt utter helplessness, but a lot of unexpected ____46____ came my way. I had many visitors during my 14 days in hospital and when I was ____47____ at home. Friends and relatives helped me with my financial stuff or simply came to cheer me up. But I was only 30, and wanted to see the world. When the casts (石膏) were removed, I did not let the sight of my weak legs ____48____ me. I worked hard at my physiotherapy (理疗) with only one ____49____ : I must walk again. After the five-month therapy, I was back ____50____ my feet. By February the following year, I had started globetrotting (周游世界) again. The accident made me realize how lives can ____51____ in a split second. In my foggy state of mind, I recalled how motorcyclists wrapped their jackets around their ____52____ and moved away my broken side window to save me. I also recall the Chinese family who ____53____ taboo (禁忌) and drove me to the hospital ____54____ my bloodied condition on Chinese New Year. The kindness I’ve experienced taught me never to give up ____55____ on anyone or in any situation. I ____56____ life more, not only my own but also everyone I know, and will always try to help when I know of someone in trouble. 42. A. find out B. search for C. pick up D. attend to 43. A. opposite B. same C. wrong D. right 44. A. lifeless B. jumping C. hopeless D. flying 45. A. stopped B. sank C. jumped D. ached 46. A. results B. disasters C. blessings D. promises 47. A. recovering B. working C. testing D. complaining 48. A. puzzle B. surprise C. discourage D. fail 49. A. aim B. seat C. excuse D. car 50. A. with B. on C. in D. down 51 A. improve B. change C. worsen D. end 52 A. toes B. arms C. heads D. faces 53. A. accepted B. created C. followed D. abandoned 54. A. in spite of B. in addition to C. in memory of D. in contrast to 55. A. doubt B. power C. hope D. desire 56. A. choose B. spare C. save D. value 第四节 单句语法填空 (每题1.5分，共15分) 57. The most ______ (promise) individuals are awarded funding of 20000 to begin their ideas.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 58. She joined a choir and ______ a solo in the first concert. (获得独唱机会) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 59. Backstage on the show day, Vaughan saw everyone ______. (鱼贯而入) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 60. In France, a person encountering ______ identical gesture may interpret it ______ meaning zero. （用适当的词填空） 61 The note ______ from the speakers. (音符从话筒中迸出) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 62. Scientists discovered that the statues were designed to walk upright through a clever ______ movement. (rock)  (所给词的适当形式填空) 63. If they are stressed or upset, it’s best to wait until they are more ______. (乐于接受的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 64. My parents always insist that I wash my ______ (农产品) before eating it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 65. The huge statues had wide, D-shaped ______ (底座) and leaned forward slightly. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 66. It was an exciting experience to be part of such a meaningful ______. (救援活动) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二上学期期中质量监测二次过关 英语试卷 阅读理解 (共两节，满分62.5分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A On Oct.6, three scientists were awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. They discovered how the body stops its own immune system from turning against itself, a process vital for preventing autoimmune (自身免疫性) diseases. The immune system performs a remarkable balancing act. On a daily basis, it must accurately identify and destroy a great many foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria, many of which have gradually developed into what look like our own cells. The critical question was: what system ensures this defense force does not harm the body it is meant to protect? For a long time, the thymus (胸腺), a small organ in the chest, was considered the central area for establishing “immune tolerance.” It was thought to remove attacking cells during early development. However, this theory could not fully explain the body’s continuous self-control. The revolutionary change began with the work of Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi. Through a series of innovative experiments on newborn mice in the 1980s and 1990s, he made an unexpected discovery that removing the thymus led to autoimmune disorders, suggesting that the organ was not just removing harmful cells but was also the source of specialized protective cells. After a decade of strict investigation, Sakaguchi definitively identified a new class of cells in 1995, which he named “T-reggs”. In the beginning, the scientific community met this discovery with a lot of doubt, since the existence of these “peacekeeper” cells was a completely new idea. The crucial confirmation came from the work of American scientists Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell. Their research in the late 1990s and early 2000s detailed the precise systems: T-reggs either produce calming proteins or deliver direct signals to take control of other attacking immune cells. Furthermore, they identified a specific protein called FoxP3, which acts as a key switch for T-reg function, providing a clear marker for their study. The discoveries of these three scientists have proved that immunity is not merely an attacking force but is under constant, active control. This essential knowledge has opened up new roads for treating autoimmune conditions, improving organ transplant capacity, and even developing more effective cancer treatments, showcasing the significant impact of understanding the body’s internal safeguards. 1. What does “immune tolerance” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The process of avoiding self-attack. B. The function in producing immune cells. C. The ability to destroy viruses and bacteria. D. The tendency of losing continuous self-control. 2. What can be inferred from Sakaguchi’s experiment? A. The result was immediately accepted. B. The thymus failed to remove harmful cells. C. T-reggs were confirmed to produce calming proteins. D. The thymus had a previously unknown protective function. 3. What is mainly mentioned about the discovery in the last paragraph? A. Its remaining challenges. B. Its impact on our body. C. Its wide applications in medicine. D. Its success in curing illnesses. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. T-reggs: Body’s Peacekeepers. B. Thymus: Centre of Creating Cells. C Side Effects of the Immune System. D. Fight Against Autoimmune Diseases. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章围绕2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖展开，介绍了三位科学家的核心发现：胸腺并非仅清除有害免疫细胞，还能产生名为“调节性T细胞（T-reggs）”的保护性细胞。这些细胞通过特定机制调控免疫系统，避免其攻击自身（即“免疫耐受”），该发现为自身免疫病治疗、器官移植优化及癌症疗法研发开辟了新路径。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“For a long time, the thymus (胸腺), a small organ in the chest, was considered the central area for establishing “immune tolerance”. It was thought to remove attacking cells during early development. However, this theory could not fully explain the body’s continuous self-control.( 长期以来，胸腺（位于胸腔内的一个小器官）被视为建立“免疫耐受”的核心部位。人们认为它会在机体早期发育阶段清除具有攻击性的细胞。但这一理论无法充分解释人体持续的自我调控机制。)”可知，免疫耐受指的是身体避免免疫系统攻击自身细胞的过程，即避免自我攻击的过程。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Through a series of innovative experiments on newborn mice in the 1980s and 1990s, he made an unexpected discovery that removing the thymus led to autoimmune disorders, suggesting that the organ was not just removing harmful cells but was also the source of specialized protective cells.(通过对20世纪80年代和90年代新生小鼠进行的一系列创新实验，他意外地发现，切除胸腺会导致自身免疫性疾病，这表明该器官不仅清除有害细胞，还是专门保护细胞的来源。)”可知，Sakaguchi的实验表明胸腺不仅清除有害细胞，还产生专门的保护细胞，即胸腺具有先前未知的保护功能。故选D。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The discoveries of these three scientists have proved that immunity is not merely an attacking force but is under constant, active control. This essential knowledge has opened up new roads for treating autoimmune conditions, improving organ transplant capacity, and even developing more effective cancer treatments, showcasing the significant impact of understanding the body’s internal safeguards.(这三位科学家的发现证明，免疫不仅仅是一种攻击力量，而是受到持续、主动的控制。这一基本知识为治疗自身免疫性疾病、提高器官移植能力，甚至开发更有效的癌症治疗方法开辟了新的道路，展示了了解身体内部保障机制的重大影响。)”可知，最后一段主要提到了这一发现对医学的广泛应用，包括治疗自身免疫性疾病、提高器官移植能力和开发更有效的癌症治疗方法。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。文章围绕2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖展开，介绍了三位科学家的核心发现：胸腺并非仅清除有害免疫细胞，还能产生名为“调节性T细胞（T-reggs）”的保护性细胞。这些细胞通过特定机制调控免疫系统，避免其攻击自身（即“免疫耐受”），该发现为自身免疫病治疗、器官移植优化及癌症疗法研发开辟了新路径。由此可知，A项：“调节性T细胞：人体的“和平守护者””是最好的标题。故选A。 B Natural disasters can have a significant impact on the mental health of individuals and their communities at large. There’s no doubt that seeing homes wiped away and city infrastructure (基础设施) in a mess right after a disaster would be a severe blow. New research by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that survivors of natural disasters often experience worsening mental health effects many months or years later. Surprisingly, the first few weeks after a natural disaster can be a time of emotional highs for a community. It includes a “heroic phase”, when people witness and perform rescues that inspire a sense of altruism (利他主义). That’s followed by the “honeymoon phase”, during which the arrival of large amounts of assistance encourages optimism and bonding within a community. However, the support gradually decreases over time due to limited resources and lack of recognition of the lasting mental health impact of a disaster. That’s when communities enter the “disillusionment phase”. Recovery workers have packed up and moved on, and people feel left alone. Many community members become physically exhausted and substance use disorders surface during this period, which can last months or even years. And trigger events, like the anniversary of the disaster, can cause dramatic increases in mental health problems. The study indicates that emergency preparedness plans should find ways to extend mental health services throughout the long-term recovery phase. “These things should come first: focusing on people with limited financial resources, increasing the awareness of mental health services during expected emotional lows, and suicide prevention strategies as well” said Dr Gary Small, chair of psychiatry at Hackensack University Medical Center. Regardless of the strategy used, providing long-term mental health support is critical to helping disaster survivors get back on their feet and recover from trauma (创伤). It’s a reminder that the natural disaster isn’t just an environmental concern — it’s a mental health issue as well. 5. What mainly causes the community high spirits after a natural disaster? A. Reconstruction work. B. Rescue efforts and support. C. Thankfulness for surviving. D. Increased community participation. 6. What can be a typical feature of the “disillusionment phase”? A. Resources have run out. B. Recovery workers are not helpful. C. The disaster anniversary is observed. D. Survivors may experience hopelessness. 7. What does Dr. Small suggest regarding the mental health services? A. Supporting poor survivors. B. Focusing on financial supporters. C. Recognizing emotional lows. D. Helping survivors recover quickly. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To promote natural disaster response plans. B. To highlight the shortage of mental health services. C. To call for long-term post-disaster mental health care. D. To emphasize the damaging power of natural disasters. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍自然灾害对幸存者心理健康的长期影响及不同阶段的心理状态，呼吁提供长期心理健康支持。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It includes a “heroic phase”, when people witness and perform rescues that inspire a sense of altruism（利他主义）. That’s followed by the “honeymoon phase”, during which the arrival of large amounts of assistance encourages optimism and bonding within a community.(这包括一个“英雄阶段”，此时人们目睹并参与救援，激发利他主义感。随后是“蜜月阶段”，大量援助的到来鼓励社区内的乐观情绪和凝聚力。)”可知，灾后社区情绪高涨主要源于救援行动和外部支持。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Recovery workers have packed up and moved on, and people feel left alone. Many community members become physically exhausted and substance use disorders surface during this period, which can last months or even years. (救援人员已经收拾行装离开，人们感到孤独无助。许多社区成员在此期间身体疲惫，物质使用障碍也开始显现，这可以持续几个月甚至是几年)”可知，“幻灭阶段”的典型特征是幸存者可能感到绝望无助。故选D项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“These things should come first: focusing on people with limited financial resources, increasing the awareness of mental health services during expected emotional lows, and suicide prevention strategies as well(这些事情应该优先考虑：关注经济资源有限的人，在预期的情绪低落期间提高心理健康服务的意识，以及自杀预防策略)”可知，斯莫尔博士建议心理健康服务应优先支持贫困幸存者。故选A项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Regardless of the strategy used, providing long-term mental health support is critical to helping disaster survivors get back on their feet and recover from trauma.(无论采用何种策略，提供长期心理健康支持对于帮助灾难幸存者重新站起来并从创伤中恢复至关重要)”可知，作者的主要目的是呼吁为灾后幸存者提供长期心理健康护理。故选C项。 C Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be used to leave people out or lift them up. When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions. For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white, and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves. There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However, the pressure to meet unrealistic standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an overall approach. We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities. 9. What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Classified carefully. B. Read attentively. C. Compared thoroughly. D. Recommended sincerely. 10. What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry? A. Causing self-denial. B. Generating individuality. C. Focusing on true passions. D. Contributing to self-confidence. 11. What can be inferred about true inclusivity? A. It encourages personal effort. B. It satisfies traditional standards. C. It focuses on physical appearances. D. It calls for diversity and cooperation. 12. Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A. Customers will change their body shapes. B. Future teens will redefine fashion standards. C. Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness. D. “Bikini body” standards should be strengthened. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对时尚标准的讨论，表达了人们应该打破传统观念，建立多样性的时尚标准的观点。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上一句“When I was young, fashion was my world.”（当我年轻的时候，时尚就是我的世界。）和划线词所在句“I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore,”（我在当地的书店里pored over各种时尚杂志，）可知，作者对时尚非常着迷，所以在书店应该是仔细阅读了各类时尚杂志，了解关于时尚的信息，“pored over”应该表示“仔细阅读”。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves.”（这种想法无处不在，它伤害了人们。令人震惊的是，约91%的女性对自己的外表不满意。可悲的是，青少年成长在一个他们否定自己的社会中。）可知，时尚界设立的美的标准致使多数女性不满意自己的容貌，从而否定自己。故选 A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating.”（真正的包容超越表象。这需要不同的决策者、摄影师和选角导演的合作。）可知，真正的包容是要求有多样性和合作的，它呼吁不同时尚行业的从业者们进行合作。故选 D。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop.”（我们需要为每个人提供更多的时尚，无论他们的身材或他们在哪里购物。）和“My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.”（我希望未来的青少年能够摆脱我所面临的压力，发展一个崇尚多元化身份的时尚产业。）可知，作者有可能会赞同：时尚界应该崇尚个人的独特性。故选 C。 D In a clinical trial with 80 adults, a team of researchers found that sleep extension reduced energy intake and resulted in a negative energy balance in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually reduced their sleep duration (持续时间). The findings appear in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine. Obesity is a major public health concern. Much evidence suggests that sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis is associated with adverse health results. Particularly, insufficient sleep duration has been increasingly recognized as an important factor for obesity. However, it remains unknown whether extending sleep duration can be an effective strategy for preventing obesity. The clinical trial involved 80 adults aged 21 to 40 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0 and 29.9, and habitual sleep duration of less than 6.5 hours per night. The study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to October 30, 2020. The participants were able to increase their sleep duration by an average of 1.2 hours per night after a personalized sleep counseling (咨询) session. Overall, participants who increased their sleep duration were able to reduce their calorie intake by an average of 270 kcal per day — which would translate to roughly 12 kg of weight loss over three years if the effects were maintained over a long term. Ultimately, the researchers hope to examine the underlying (潜在的) mechanisms that may explain these results, and believe their work should encourage new, larger studies on weight control to determine if extending sleep can support weight-loss programs and help prevent or reverse obesity. “In our earlier work, we understood that sleep is important for appetite regulation,” Dr. Tasali said. “Now we’ve shown that in real life, without making any other lifestyle changes, you can extend your sleep and eat fewer calories. This could really help people trying to lose weight.” 13. What’s the new finding of the research? A. Sleep extension can lead to weight problems. B. Extending sleep duration helps reduce caloric intake. C. Controlling energy intake is the key to losing weight. D. Overweight adults often decrease their sleep duration. 14. What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 2? A. Harmful. B. Unique. C. Lasting. D. Apparent. 15. According to the text, the subject of the study ________. A. usually slept 6.5 hours per night B. were 80 adults of the similar age group C. got advice on sleep tailored to themselves D. were particularly chosen from a certain place 16. What do researchers think of the study? A. Its results are hard to explain clearly. B. It lays a foundation for further studies. C. It’s unreliable with many factors ignored. D. It has solved all the puzzles of researchers. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究结果，在现实生活中，睡眠延长会减少能量摄入，致使习惯性缩短睡眠时间超重成年人出现负能量平衡，睡眠时间不足已日益被认为是肥胖的一个重要因素。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In a clinical trial with 80 adults, a team of researchers found that sleep extension reduced energy intake and resulted in a negative energy balance in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually reduced their sleep duration (持续时间). (在一项针对80名成年人的临床试验中，一组研究人员发现，在现实生活中，睡眠延长会减少能量摄入，致使习惯性缩短睡眠时间的超重成年人出现负能量平衡。)”可知，这项研究发现，延长睡眠时间有助于减少热量摄入。故选B。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“Particularly, insufficient sleep duration has been increasingly recognized as an important factor for obesity. (特别是，睡眠时间不足已日益被认为是肥胖的一个重要因素。)”可知，睡眠不足对健康有害，故画线词所在句意为“大量证据表明，经常每晚睡眠不足7小时与不良健康结果有关”，由此可知，adverse意为“有害的”。故选A。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The participants were able to increase their sleep duration by an average of 1.2 hours per night after a personalized sleep counseling (咨询) session. (经过个性化的睡眠咨询后，参与者每晚的睡眠时间平均增加了1.2小时。)”可知，研究对象得到了适合自己的睡眠建议。故选C。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ultimately, the researchers hope to examine the underlying (潜在的) mechanisms that may explain these results, and believe their work should encourage new, larger studies on weight control to determine if extending sleep can support weight-loss programs and help prevent or reverse obesity. (最终，研究人员希望研究出解释这些结果的潜在机制，并相信他们的工作应该鼓励新的、更大规模的体重控制研究，以确定延长睡眠是否可以支持减肥计划，并有助于预防或逆转肥胖。)”可知，研究人员认为这项研究为进一步的研究奠定了基础。故选B。 第二节 七选五 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Everyone knows about straight-A students. Many straight-A students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their low-scoring classmates. Here are some secrets of the young study champions. _____17_____. Top students bear no breaks on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, and snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation. Get organized. Paul Melendres, a straight-A freshman from New Mexico, keeps two folders — one for the day’s assignments, another for papers completed and graded. _____18_____. Melendres’ methods have actually proven effective. Even students who don’t have a private study area remain organized to cut down time-wasting searches. Clean up your act. Neat papers are likely to get higher grades than sloppy ones. “The student who turns in a neat paper,” says Claude Olney, an Arizona State University business professor, “is already on the way to an A. It’s like being served a cheeseburger. _____19_____.” Speak up. “If I don’t understand what my teacher is explaining, I asked him to repeat it,” says Christopher Campbell. Class participation goes beyond merely asking questions, though. ______20______. “Better academic grades come from better understanding.” says Campell. “I don’t want to memorize information for tests only.” Test yourself. As part of her note-taking, Domenica Roman emphasizes points that she thinks may be covered during exams. ____21____. Later she gives herself a written examination before test day. “If I can’t answer the questions satisfactorily, I will go back and review.” she says. A. Set priorities. B. Schedule your time. C. She designs test questions based on them. D. It’s a matter of showing intellectual curiosity. E. A bag or drawer keeps essential supplies together. F. Hard work isn’t the whole story behind their academic grades. G. You can’t believe it tastes good if it’s presented on a dirty plate. 【答案】17. A 18. E 19. G 20. D 21. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习成绩优秀的学生的学习方法。 【17题详解】 下文“Top students bear no breaks on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, and snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation. (优等生在学习时间上不受任何打扰。一旦打开书或启动电脑，电话就无人接听，电视节目不看，零食也不吃了。学习是事业；学习重于娱乐。)”说明优等生都是优先考虑学习，选项A“设定优先顺序。”符合本段主题，适合做小标题。故选A项。 【18题详解】 上文“Paul Melendres, a straight-A freshman from New Mexico, keeps two folders — one for the day’s assignments, another for papers completed and graded. (Paul Melendres是新墨西哥州的一名优等生，他有两个文件夹，一个放当天的作业，另一个放已完成并评分的论文。)”说明要把必须完成的作业放在一起，不能和已完成的混在一起，选项E“用一个袋子或抽屉把必需品放在一起。”承接上文，建议把必需的东西放在一起。故选E项。 【19题详解】 上文“The student who turns in a neat paper is already on the way to an A. (交了一份整洁的试卷的学生，就已经在拿A的路上了。)”说明整洁的试卷容易得到好评，上文“It’s like being served a cheeseburger. (这就像被端上一个芝士汉堡。)”和选项G“如果把它放在脏盘子里，你不会相信它很好吃。”承接上文，用比喻的手法，说明试卷就像汉堡，如果不整洁，就不愿意吃。故选G项。 【20题详解】 上文“If I don’t understand what my teacher is explaining, I asked him to repeat it.(如果我不明白老师在解释什么，我会让他重复一遍。)”说明要积极的寻求知识，而上文“Class participation goes beyond merely asking questions, though. (然而，课堂参与不仅仅是提问。)”说明课堂参与不仅仅是提问，选项D“这是表现出求知欲的问题。”承接上文，说明学生的提问是求知欲的表现。故选D项。 【21题详解】 小标题“Test yourself.(自我测试)”和上文“As part of her note-taking, Domenica Roman emphasizes points that she thinks may be covered during exams. (作为笔记的一部分，Domenica Roman强调了她认为考试中可能会涉及的要点。)”说明要进行自我测试，找出自己认为考试中可能涉及的要点，选项C“她根据它们设计试题。”承接上文，说明根据自己找到的要点，设计自测的试题。故选C项。 B It’s not so long ago that contactless card payments were exciting and new, but the technology is already old-hat. The new, better way to pay for things in shops? By using your phone to make a contactless payment. Because traditionally, when you have paid with a card tap (轻敲) or using a chip and pin machine, ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details. ____22____ And this could be a problem — it means that if the shop is hacked (侵入) or plays fast and loose with its data, you could find your card number exposed to the world. However, when you tap to pay with your device, it generates a unique ID number for that deal and sends that instead. So you can pay for your goods and the shop can get your money. ____23____ That is to say, phone payments are smarter. ____24____ If a pickpocket steals your card they can immediately use up the money. But if they get your phone, when the phone goes to pay it will typically perform a biometric check-it will ask for a finger-print or use the camera to look at your face, to check that you are who you say you are. ____25____ Because of this added security, the limit (限额) is typically higher than for contactless cards. In the UK, it’s around £ 100 for most retailers-though some shops including most supermarkets let you spend much more with just a tap of the phone. Want to give it a try? To actually set things up, go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions. ____26____ Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank. Usually you receive a text message with a special code on it. And then, well, you’re done. When you pay, hold your phone over the payment machine, and pay for your goods! A. It helps to build the client list. B. The setup process varies with banks. C. No one needs to share any sensitive data. D. It’s also more effective against the threat of thefts. E. And phone payments are increasingly convenient too. F. Typically this starts by scanning your card with your phone. G. Therefore, it knows which bank account to take the money from. 【答案】22. G 23. C 24. D 25. E 26. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了非接触式手机支付的好处以及设置方式。 【22题详解】 上文“Because traditionally, when you have paid with a card tap (轻敲) or using a chip and pin machine, ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details.(因为传统上，当你用刷卡或刷卡机付款时，最终你购买的商店会记下你所有的信用卡细节)”描述原因，空处应是接着说结果，G项“因此，它知道从哪个银行账户取钱”符合语境，故选G。 【23题详解】 根据上文“However, when you tap to pay with your device, it generates a unique ID number for that deal and sends that instead. So you can pay for your goods and the shop can get your money.(然而，当你用你的设备点击支付时，它会为这笔交易生成一个唯一的ID号并发送。所以你可以支付你的商品，商店可以得到你的钱)”可知，支付时形成的ID一次性的也是是唯一的，因此个人信息不会或数据不会被分享出去。C项“没有人需要分享任何敏感数据”符合语境，故选C。 【24题详解】 根据本段内容“But if they get your phone, when the phone goes to pay it will typically perform a biometric check — it will ask for a finger-print or use the camera to look at your face, to check that you are who you say you are.(但如果他们拿到了你的手机，当手机开始支付时，它通常会进行生物识别检查——它会要求你提供指纹或使用摄像头查看你的脸，以检查你是否就是你所说的那个人)”可知，本段是说手机支付能防止盗刷钱财，D项“它还能更有效地抵御盗窃威胁”符合语境，故选D。 【25题详解】 根据空后“Because of this added security, the limit (限额) is typically higher than for contactless cards. In the UK, it’s around £ 100 for most retailers — though some shops including most supermarkets let you spend much more with just a tap of the phone. (由于这种增加安全性，限额通常高于非接触式卡。在英国，对大多数零售商来说，这大约是100英镑——尽管一些商店，包括大多数超市，你只需点击一下手机就可以花更多的钱)”可知，本段是说手机支付的便捷，E项“手机支付也越来越方便”符合语境，故选E。 【26题详解】 根据上文“To actually set things up, go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions.(要真正设置，请进入钱包应用程序并按照说明进行设置)”及下文“Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank.(然后，它会自动识别这些号码，并与你的银行联系)”可知，空处是描述设置手机支付的第一步，F项“这通常是从用手机扫描信用卡开始的”符合语境，故选F。 第三节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (一) The stage lights dimmed, and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the ____27____. Blinded by the lights, I quickly ____28____. It seemed that a great number of eyes were looking at me. I entered the stage and began my ____29____, the graduation test of the classical Indian dance. After a decade of learning this art form, I had ____30____ been considered ready to take on the most difficult act. The test is the most important event in a dancer’s life. The performance was undertaken only by the most ____31____ and determined students. It was a difficult process that required much commitment. For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day ____32____ these dances. Many times, I ____33____ myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to ____34____. I discovered a lot about myself in those tiring hours. I learnt that I was far too ____35____ to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself ______36______ after I had set an unrealistic goal. Even with physical pain and mental ______37______, I forced myself to meet my ______38______. Even when I was at the end of my ______39______, there was always something driving me on, forcing me not to give up. Fortunately, I made it. What I had done ______40______ the success. It was in those hours that I learnt what a dancer ______41______ is. 27. A. staff B. audience C. opponents D. composers 28. A. pulled back B. set off C. reached out D. broke away 29. A. display B. attempt C. response D. performance 30. A. easily B. ultimately C. occasionally D. directly 31. A. focused B. beautiful C. intelligent D. considerate 32. A. recording B. practicing C. discussing D. watching 33. A. applied B. attached C. treated D. pushed 34. A. predict B. design C. learn D. research 35. A. brilliant B. brave C. stubborn D. discouraged 36. A. wrong B. nervous C. frightened D. careless 37. A. function B. status C. level D. stress 38. A. budget B. expectation C. responsibility D. deadline 39. A. limit B. purpose C. preparation D. destination 40. A. increased B. deserved C. expanded D. exposed 41. A. completely B. chiefly C. truly D. originally 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. B 41. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者学习古典印度舞的经历，在取得成功后对学习的过程进行了反思：只有最专注、最有毅力的学生，承受身心的压力和痛苦才能取得成功，也明白了真正舞者的含义。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：舞台灯光暗了下来，我从厚重的黑色幕帘后面迅速地看了一眼观众。A. staff全体人员；B. audience观众；C. opponents对手；D. composers作曲家。根据上文中的“The stage lights dimmed, and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains”可知，作者在舞台幕帘后面看到的只能是观众。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于灯光太亮，我迅速后退。A. pulled back后退；B. set off动身；C. reached out伸出援手；D. broke away脱离。根据上文中的“Blinded by the lights”可知，作者被灯光照的睁不开眼，所以会“退回”舞台，符合语境。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走上舞台，开始了我的表演，毕业考试的印度古典舞。A. display陈列；B. attempt尝试；C. response反应；D. performance表演。根据上文中的“I entered the stage”以及下文中的“the graduation test of the classical Indian dance.”可知，作者进入舞台后，开始表演，符合语境。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在学习了10 年这种艺术形式之后，我最终被认为已经准备好接受最难的表演。A. easily容易的；B. ultimately最终；C. occasionally偶然地；D. directly直地。根据上文的“After a decade of learning this art form”可知，作者应该是学习这种艺术长达10年之久，由此可知，此处指的是“最终”被认为已经准备好接受最难的表演。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有最专注、最坚定的学生才会参加表演。A. focused专心的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. considerate体贴的。根据下文的“and determined students.”可知，该表演需要最坚定的学生，此空与determined为并列关系，此处指的是学生的品质，所以此处表示“专注的”符合语境。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：六个多月来，我每天花两到三个小时练习这些舞蹈。A. recording记录；B. practicing练习；C. discussing讨论；D. watching观看。根据上文的“It was a difficult process that required much commitment.”可知，该项艺术需要很多的投入，由此可推测，此处指的是每天花两三个小时训练，符合语境。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多次，我把自己逼到身心崩溃的边缘，但我还是没有停下来。A. applied应用；B. attached系上；C. treated对待；D. pushed推动，促使。根据下文的“my physical and mental breaking point”可知，作者的身心达到了崩溃的边缘，由此可知，此处指的是把自己逼到崩溃的边缘。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总有那么多事情要做，那么多东西要学。A. predict预测；B. design设计；C. learn学习；D. research研究。根据上文的“I could not give up.”可知，作者认为不能放弃，因为有很多的事情要做，有很多的东西要“学”符合语境。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我明白了我是如此的执着以至于不能放弃，我是如此骄傲以至于在我设定了一个不切实际的目标之后，也不去证明自己是错的。A. brilliant辉煌的；B. brave勇敢的；C. stubborn固执的，执着的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文的“and I was too proud to prove myself ____10____ after I had set an unrealistic goal.”以及“Even with physical pain and mental ____11____ , I forced myself to meet my ____12____ .”可知，此处描述的是作者即使作者树立了一个不切实际的目标，甚至身体上感到痛苦都不放弃，由此可知，此处指作者是“固执的”符合语境。故选C项。 【36题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我明白了我是如此的执着以至于不能放弃，我是如此骄傲以至于在我设定了一个不切实际的目标之后，也不去证明自己是错的。A. wrong错误的；B. nervous紧张的；C. frightened害怕的；D. careless粗心的。根据下文的“after I had set an unrealistic goal.”可知，此处指的是作者即使树立了一个不切实际的目标，也不证实自己是“错误的”符合语境。故选A项。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使有身体上的痛苦和精神上的压力，我也强迫自己达到我的期望。A. function功能；B. status地位；C. level水平；D. stress压力。根据常理以及上文的“Even with physical pain and mental”可知，此处与“physical pain”为并列关系，身体上承受痛苦，而精神上承受的应该是 “压力”符合语境。故选D项。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使有身体上的痛苦和精神上的压力，我也强迫自己达到我的期望。A. budget预算；B. expectation期望；C. responsibility责任；D. deadline最后期限。根据上文的“Even with physical pain and mental ____11____”可知，即使作者身体上感受痛苦和精神上承受压力的时候，作者仍强迫达到自己的“期望”符合语境，进一步说明作者自认为自己的固执。故选B项。 39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我已经到了极限，总有一些东西驱使着我继续前进，强迫我不要放弃。A. limit限制；B. purpose目的；C. preparation准备；D. destination目的地。根据语境和下文的“there was always something driving me on, forcing me not to give up.”可知，此处进一步介绍作者的坚持，永不放弃，所以此处指的是即使达到了极限，也总有一些东西驱使着作者，迫使作者不放弃。故选A项。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所做的事理应获得成功。A. increased增加；B. deserved应得；C. expanded扩展；D. exposed接触。根据上文的“For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day ____6____ these dances.”以及上文中描述的作者的坚持可知，此处指的是作者的付出“理应”获得成功。故选B项。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：正是在那几个小时里，我明白了什么是真正的舞者。A. completely完全地；B. chiefly主要地；C. truly真正地；D. originally最初地。根据上文的“For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day ____6____ these dances. Many times, I ____7____ myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to ____8____ .”可知，本文描述的作者为准备考试一直在刻苦练习，在身心的双重压力下，推动自己前进，从不放弃，并且反思了自己，这段时间让作者明白了舞者真正的内涵。故选C项。 (二) It was 6 p. m. on Chinese New Year’s Eve. I was working as a tour guide and was on my way to ____42____ a group for a night tour around Kuala Lumpur. As I drove along the road, a small car flew across the road from the ____43____ direction and crashed into my car head-on. I passed out. In the hospital, I saw my crushed feet hanging from my body, blue and ____44____ , and I begged the doctors to save them at all costs. They calmly promised to do their best. Days after that, I was informed that I lost the job. My heart ____45____ . I felt utter helplessness, but a lot of unexpected ____46____ came my way. I had many visitors during my 14 days in hospital and when I was ____47____ at home. Friends and relatives helped me with my financial stuff or simply came to cheer me up. But I was only 30, and wanted to see the world. When the casts (石膏) were removed, I did not let the sight of my weak legs ____48____ me. I worked hard at my physiotherapy (理疗) with only one ____49____ : I must walk again. After the five-month therapy, I was back ____50____ my feet. By February the following year, I had started globetrotting (周游世界) again. The accident made me realize how lives can ____51____ in a split second. In my foggy state of mind, I recalled how motorcyclists wrapped their jackets around their ____52____ and moved away my broken side window to save me. I also recall the Chinese family who ____53____ taboo (禁忌) and drove me to the hospital ____54____ my bloodied condition on Chinese New Year. The kindness I’ve experienced taught me never to give up ____55____ on anyone or in any situation. I ____56____ life more, not only my own but also everyone I know, and will always try to help when I know of someone in trouble. 42. A. find out B. search for C. pick up D. attend to 43. A. opposite B. same C. wrong D. right 44. A. lifeless B. jumping C. hopeless D. flying 45. A. stopped B. sank C. jumped D. ached 46. A. results B. disasters C. blessings D. promises 47. A. recovering B. working C. testing D. complaining 48. A. puzzle B. surprise C. discourage D. fail 49. A. aim B. seat C. excuse D. car 50. A. with B. on C. in D. down 51. A. improve B. change C. worsen D. end 52. A. toes B. arms C. heads D. faces 53. A. accepted B. created C. followed D. abandoned 54. A. in spite of B. in addition to C. in memory of D. in contrast to 55. A. doubt B. power C. hope D. desire 56. A. choose B. spare C. save D. value 【答案】42. C 43. A 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在除夕夜遭遇车祸，失去工作，双脚受伤，但在亲朋好友帮助下，经过努力理疗重新站起并再次周游世界，这次经历让作者体会到生命的无常和人间的善意，从而更加珍惜生命。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我当时是一名导游，正在去接一个旅行团进行吉隆坡夜游的路上。A. find out查明；B. search for寻找；C. pick up接载；D. attend to处理，照料。根据 前文“I was working as a tour guide”及后文“a group for a night tour”可知，作者作为导游要去接旅行团。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我开车在路上时，一辆小汽车从相反的方向飞驰过马路，与我的车正面相撞。A. opposite相反的；B. same相同的；C. wrong错误的；D. right正确的，右边的。根据后文“crashed into my car head-on”可知，是从相反方向冲过来的车与作者的车正面相撞。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院里，我看到我被压伤的脚耷拉在身体上，青紫而毫无生气，于是我哀求医生无论如何都要保住它们。A. lifeless无生命的，无生气的；B. jumping跳动的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. flying飞着的。根据前文“my crushed feet”及“blue”可知，此处指脚被压伤且发青，看起来毫无生气。故选A。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心一沉。A. stopped停止；B. sank下沉；C. jumped跳跃；D. ached疼痛。根据前文“Days after that, I was informed that I lost the job.”可知，听到失去工作的消息，作者心情沉重，one’s heart sinks表示“心情沉重，情绪低落”。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到极度无助，但很多意想不到的好事降临到我身上。A. results结果；B. disasters灾难；C. blessings好事，福气；D. promises承诺。根据后文“Friends and relatives helped me with my financial stuff or simply came to cheer me up.”可知，朋友和亲戚来帮忙，这是意想不到的好事。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我住院14天期间以及在家康复时，有很多人来看望我。A. recovering康复；B. working工作；C. testing测试；D. complaining抱怨。根据后文“at home”可知，作者受伤住院，出院后在家应该是康复。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当石膏拆除后，我没有让自己看到虚弱双腿的景象使自己气馁。A. puzzle使困惑；B. surprise使惊讶；C. discourage使气馁；D. fail失败。根据后文“I worked hard at my physiotherapy (理疗)”可知，作者并没有因为自己的双腿而气馁。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力进行物理治疗，只有一个目标：我必须再次行走。A. aim目标；B. seat座位；C. excuse借口；D. car汽车。根据后文“I must walk again”可知，这是作者进行理疗的目标。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：经过五个月的治疗，我又能站起来了。A. with和；B. on在……上；C. in在……里；D. down往下。根据后文“By February the following year, I had started globetrotting (周游世界) again.”可知，作者经过治疗重新站起来了。be back on one’s feet 是固定短语，意为“恢复健康，重新站立起来”。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次事故让我意识到生命在一瞬间会发生多大的变化。A. improve改善；B. change改变；C. worsen恶化；D. end结束。根据前文“The accident made me realize”可知，作者经历车祸，生活发生巨大改变，所以意识到生命瞬间会改变。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我神志不清的状态下，我记得摩托车手们是如何用他们的夹克裹住他们的手臂，移开我破碎的侧窗来救我的。A. toes脚趾；B. arms手臂；C. heads头；D. faces脸。根据常识，用夹克裹住手臂去移开破碎的窗户救人才合理。故选B。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还记得那个中国家庭，在中国新年那天，尽管我浑身是血，他们还是打破了禁忌，开车送我去了医院。A. accepted接受；B. created创造；C. followed跟随；D. abandoned放弃，（不顾责任、义务等）抛弃。根据后文“taboo”及“drove me to the hospital”可知，这个家庭打破了新年的禁忌送作者去医院。故选D。 【54题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我还记得那个中国家庭，在中国新年那天，尽管我浑身是血，他们还是打破了禁忌，开车送我去了医院。A. in spite of尽管；B. in addition to除……之外；C. in memory of为了纪念；D. in contrast to与……形成对比。根据后文“my bloodied condition”及前文“drove me to the hospital”可知，尽管作者浑身是血，他们还是送作者去了医院。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所经历的善意教会我永远不要对任何人或在任何情况下放弃希望。A. doubt怀疑；B. power力量；C. hope希望；D. desire欲望。根据前文“The kindness I’ve experienced”可知，作者得到他人帮助，所以学到不放弃希望。故选C。 【56题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我更加珍惜生命，不仅是我自己的，还有我认识的每一个人的生命，并且当我知道有人遇到麻烦时，我会一直尽力帮助。A. choose选择；B. spare抽出；C. save拯救；D. value珍惜。根据后文“not only my own but also everyone I know, and will always try to help when I know of someone in trouble.”可知，这次经历让作者更加珍惜生命。故选D。 第四节 单句语法填空 (每题1.5分，共15分) 57. The most ______ (promise) individuals are awarded funding of 20000 to begin their ideas.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】promising 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最有前途的人会获得2万元资金，用以将自己的想法付诸实践。修饰名词individuals，需用形容词promising，作定语。故填promising。 58. She joined a choir and ______ a solo in the first concert. (获得独唱机会) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】landed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她加入了一个合唱团，还在首场音乐会中获得了独唱机会。根据汉语提示“获得机会”可知，此处为动词land，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填landed。 59. Backstage on the show day, Vaughan saw everyone ______. (鱼贯而入) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】file in 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：演出当天在后台，沃恩看到大家鱼贯而入。根据汉语提示，空处用固定短语“file in”，意为“鱼贯而入；排成一列进入”。本句谓语动词 saw为一般过去时，其结构为see sb. do sth.，表示“看见某人做某事(强调动作的全过程)”，其中宾补使用动词原形。故填file in。 60. In France, a person encountering ______ identical gesture may interpret it ______ meaning zero. （用适当词填空） 【答案】 ①. an ②. as 【解析】 【详解】考查冠词和介词。句意：在法国，一个人遇到同样的手势可能会将其理解为表示零。根据句意，空一泛指“一个相同的手势”，用不定冠词修饰，且identical以元音音素开头，故填an，空二为固定搭配interpret as“把……理解为”。故填①an②as。 61. The note ______ from the speakers. (音符从话筒中迸出) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】erupted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：音符从话筒中迸发而出。根据汉语提示“迸出”可知，此处为动词erupt，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填erupted。 62. Scientists discovered that the statues were designed to walk upright through a clever ______ movement. (rock)  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】rocking 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们发现，这些雕像通过一种巧妙的摇摆式运动，被设计成可以直立行走的样子。修饰名词movement，需用形容词rocking，作定语。故填rocking。 63. If they are stressed or upset, it’s best to wait until they are more ______. (乐于接受的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】receptive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：要是他们正处于焦虑或烦躁的状态，最好等他们心情平复、更愿意倾听时再沟通。根据汉语提示“乐于接受的”可知，此处为形容词receptive，作表语。故填receptive。 64. My parents always insist that I wash my ______ (农产品) before eating it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】produce 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我父母总是坚持让我吃农产品之前一定要清洗干净。根据汉语提示“农产品”可知，此处为名词produce，不可数，作宾语。故填produce。 65. The huge statues had wide, D-shaped ______ (底座) and leaned forward slightly. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】bases 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：巨大的雕像有宽大的D形底座，微微前倾。空处作动词had的宾语，名词base“底座”符合，为可数名词，结合上文statues可知，雕像不止一座，因此底座也不止一个，应用复数形式bases。故填bases。 66. It was an exciting experience to be part of such a meaningful ______. (救援活动) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】relief effort 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：能参与到这样一项意义非凡的救援行动中，是一次令人振奋的经历。根据汉语提示“救援活动”可知，此处为名词短语relief effort，作介词宾语。故填relief effort。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $