山东省潍坊第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中第二次过关英语试题

高二上学期期中质量监测二次过关 英语试卷 阅读理解 (共两节，满分62.5分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A On Oct.6, three scientists were awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. They discovered how the body stops its own immune system from turning against itself, a process vital for preventing autoimmune (自身免疫性) diseases. The immune system performs a remarkable balancing act. On a daily basis, it must accurately identify and destroy a great many foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria, many of which have gradually developed into what look like our own cells. The critical question was: what system ensures this defense force does not harm the body it is meant to protect? For a long time, the thymus (胸腺), a small organ in the chest, was considered the central area for establishing “immune tolerance.” It was thought to remove attacking cells during early development. However, this theory could not fully explain the body’s continuous self-control. The revolutionary change began with the work of Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi. Through a series of innovative experiments on newborn mice in the 1980s and 1990s, he made an unexpected discovery that removing the thymus led to autoimmune disorders, suggesting that the organ was not just removing harmful cells but was also the source of specialized protective cells. After a decade of strict investigation, Sakaguchi definitively identified a new class of cells in 1995, which he named “T-reggs”. In the beginning, the scientific community met this discovery with a lot of doubt, since the existence of these “peacekeeper” cells was a completely new idea. The crucial confirmation came from the work of American scientists Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell. Their research in the late 1990s and early 2000s detailed the precise systems: T-reggs either produce calming proteins or deliver direct signals to take control of other attacking immune cells. Furthermore, they identified a specific protein called FoxP3, which acts as a key switch for T-reg function, providing a clear marker for their study. The discoveries of these three scientists have proved that immunity is not merely an attacking force but is under constant active control. This essential knowledge has opened up new roads for treating autoimmune conditions, improving organ transplant capacity, and even developing more effective cancer treatments, showcasing the significant impact of understanding the body’s internal safeguards. 1. What does “immune tolerance” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The process of avoiding self-attack. B. The function in producing immune cells. C. The ability to destroy viruses and bacteria. D. The tendency of losing continuous self-control. 2. What can be inferred from Sakaguchi’s experiment? A. The result was immediately accepted. B. The thymus failed to remove harmful cells. C. T-reggs were confirmed to produce calming proteins. D. The thymus had a previously unknown protective function. 3. What is mainly mentioned about the discovery in the last paragraph? A. Its remaining challenges. B. Its impact on our body. C. Its wide applications in medicine. D. Its success in curing illnesses. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. T-reggs: Body’s Peacekeepers. B. Thymus: Centre of Creating Cells. C. Side Effects of the Immune System. D. Fight Against Autoimmune Diseases. B Natural disasters can have a significant impact on the mental health of individuals and their communities at large. There’s no doubt that seeing homes wiped away and city infrastructure (基础设施) in a mess right after a disaster would be a severe blow. New research by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that survivors of natural disasters often experience worsening mental health effects many months or years later. Surprisingly, the first few weeks after a natural disaster can be a time of emotional highs for a community. It includes a “heroic phase”, when people witness and perform rescues that inspire a sense of altruism (利他主义). That’s followed by the “honeymoon phase”, during which the arrival of large amounts of assistance encourages optimism and bonding within a community. However, the support gradually decreases over time due to limited resources and lack of recognition of the lasting mental health impact of a disaster. That’s when communities enter the “disillusionment phase”. Recovery workers have packed up and moved on, and people feel left alone. Many community members become physically exhausted and substance use disorders surface during this period, which can last months or even years. And trigger events, like the anniversary of the disaster, can cause dramatic increases in mental health problems. The study indicates that emergency preparedness plans should find ways to extend mental health services throughout the long-term recovery phase. “These things should come first: focusing on people with limited financial resources, increasing the awareness of mental health services during expected emotional lows, and suicide prevention strategies as well” said Dr Gary Small, chair of psychiatry at Hackensack University Medical Center. Regardless of the strategy used, providing long-term mental health support is critical to helping disaster survivors get back on their feet and recover from trauma (创伤). It’s a reminder that the natural disaster isn’t just an environmental concern — it’s a mental health issue as well. 5. What mainly causes the community high spirits after a natural disaster? A. Reconstruction work. B. Rescue efforts and support. C. Thankfulness for surviving. D. Increased community participation. 6. What can be a typical feature of the “disillusionment phase”? A. Resources have run out. B. Recovery workers are not helpful. C. The disaster anniversary is observed. D. Survivors may experience hopelessness. 7. What does Dr. Small suggest regarding the mental health services? A. Supporting poor survivors. B. Focusing on financial supporters. C. Recognizing emotional lows. D. Helping survivors recover quickly. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To promote natural disaster response plans. B. To highlight the shortage of mental health services. C. To call for long-term post-disaster mental health care. D. To emphasize the damaging power of natural disasters. C Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be used to leave people out or lift them up. When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore, desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped eating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing me to focus on my true passions. For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white, and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny themselves. There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However the pressure to meet unrealistic standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an overall approach. We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities. 9. What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Classified carefully. B. Read attentively. C. Compared thoroughly. D. Recommended sincerely. 10. What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry? A Causing self-denial. B. Generating individuality. C. Focusing on true passions. D. Contributing to self-confidence. 11. What can be inferred about true inclusivity? A. It encourages personal effort. B. It satisfies traditional standards. C. It focuses on physical appearances. D. It calls for diversity and cooperation. 12. Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A. Customers will change their body shapes. B. Future teens will redefine fashion standards. C. Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness. D. “Bikini body” standards should be strengthened. D In a clinical trial with 80 adults, a team of researchers found that sleep extension reduced energy intake and resulted in a negative energy balance in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually reduced their sleep duration (持续时间). The findings appear in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine. Obesity is a major public health concern. Much evidence suggests that sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis is associated with adverse health results. Particularly, insufficient sleep duration has been increasingly recognized as an important factor for obesity. However, it remains unknown whether extending sleep duration can be an effective strategy for preventing obesity. The clinical trial involved 80 adults aged 21 to 40 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0 and 29.9, and habitual sleep duration of less than 6.5 hours per night. The study was conducted from November 1, 2014 to October 30, 2020. The participants were able to increase their sleep duration by an average of 1.2 hours per night after a personalized sleep counseling (咨询) session. Overall, participants who increased their sleep duration were able to reduce their calorie intake by an average of 270 kcal per day — which would translate to roughly 12 kg of weight loss over three years if the effects were maintained over a long term. Ultimately, the researchers hope to examine the underlying (潜在的) mechanisms that may explain these results, and believe their work should encourage new, larger studies on weight control to determine if extending sleep can support weight-loss programs and help prevent or reverse obesity. “In our earlier work, we understood that sleep is important for appetite regulation,” Dr. Tasali said. “Now we’ve shown that in real life, without making any other lifestyle changes, you can extend your sleep and eat fewer calories. This could really help people trying to lose weight.” 13. What’s the new finding of the research? A. Sleep extension can lead to weight problems. B. Extending sleep duration helps reduce caloric intake. C. Controlling energy intake is the key to losing weight. D. Overweight adults often decrease their sleep duration. 14. What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 2? A. Harmful. B. Unique. C. Lasting. D. Apparent. 15. According to the text, the subject of the study ________. A. usually slept 6.5 hours per night B. were 80 adults of the similar age group C. got advice on sleep tailored to themselves D. were particularly chosen from a certain place 16. What do researchers think of the study? A. Its results are hard to explain clearly. B. It lays a foundation for further studies. C. It’s unreliable with many factors ignored. D. It has solved all the puzzles of researchers. 第二节 七选五 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Everyone knows about straight-A students. Many straight-A students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their low-scoring classmates. Here are some secrets of the young study champions. _____17_____. Top students bear no breaks on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, and snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation. Get organized. Paul Melendres, a straight-A freshman from New Mexico, keeps two folders — one for the day’s assignments, another for papers completed and graded. _____18_____. Melendres’ methods have actually proven effective. Even students who don’t have a private study area remain organized to cut down time-wasting searches. Clean up your act. Neat papers are likely to get higher grades than sloppy ones. “The student who turns in a neat paper,” says Claude Olney, an Arizona State University business professor, “is already on the way to an A. It’s like being served a cheeseburger. _____19_____.” Speak up. “If I don’t understand what my teacher is explaining, I asked him to repeat it,” says Christopher Campbell. Class participation goes beyond merely asking questions, though. ______20______. “Better academic grades come from better understanding.” says Campell. “I don’t want to memorize information for tests only.” Test yourself. As part of her note-taking, Domenica Roman emphasizes points that she thinks may be covered during exams. ____21____. Later she gives herself a written examination before test day. “If I can’t answer the questions satisfactorily, I will go back and review.” she says. A. Set priorities. B. Schedule your time. C. She designs test questions based on them. D. It’s a matter of showing intellectual curiosity. E. A bag or drawer keeps essential supplies together. F. Hard work isn’t the whole story behind their academic grades. G. You can’t believe it tastes good if it’s presented on a dirty plate. B It’s not so long ago that contactless card payments were exciting and new, but the technology is already old-hat. The new, better way to pay for things in shops? By using your phone to make a contactless payment. Because traditionally, when you have paid with a card tap (轻敲) or using a chip and pin machine, ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details. ____22____ And this could be a problem — it means that if the shop is hacked (侵入) or plays fast and loose with its data, you could find your card number exposed to the world. However, when you tap to pay with your device, it generates a unique ID number for that deal and sends that instead. So you can pay for your goods and the shop can get your money. ____23____ That is to say, phone payments are smarter. ____24____ If a pickpocket steals your card they can immediately use up the money. But if they get your phone, when the phone goes to pay it will typically perform a biometric check-it will ask for a finger-print or use the camera to look at your face, to check that you are who you say you are. ____25____ Because of this added security, the limit (限额) is typically higher than for contactless cards. In the UK, it’s around £ 100 for most retailers-though some shops including most supermarkets let you spend much more with just a tap of the phone. Want to give it a try? To actually set things up, go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions. ____26____ Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank. Usually you receive a text message with a special code on it. And then, well, you’re done. When you pay, hold your phone over the payment machine, and pay for your goods! A. It helps to build the client list. B. The setup process varies with banks. C. No one needs to share any sensitive data. D. It’s also more effective against the threat of thefts. E. And phone payments are increasingly convenient too. F. Typically this starts by scanning your card with your phone. G. Therefore, it knows which bank account to take the money from. 第三节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (一) The stage lights dimmed and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the ____27____. Blinded by the lights, I quickly ____28____. It seemed that a great number of eyes were looking at me. I entered the stage and began my ____29____, the graduation test of the classical Indian dance. After a decade of learning this art form, I had ____30____ been considered ready to take on the most difficult act. The test is the most important event in a dancer’s life. The performance was undertaken only by the most ____31____ and determined students. It was a difficult process that required much commitment. For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day ____32____ these dances. Many times, I ____33____ myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to ____34____. I discovered a lot about myself in those tiring hours. I learnt that I was far too ____35____ to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself ______36______ after I had set an unrealistic goal. Even with physical pain and mental ______37______, I forced myself to meet my ______38______. Even when I was at the end of my ______39______, there was always something driving me on, forcing me not to give up. Fortunately, I made it. What I had done ______40______ the success. It was in those hours that I learnt what a dancer ______41______ is. 27. A. staff B. audience C. opponents D. composers 28. A. pulled back B. set off C. reached out D. broke away 29. A. display B. attempt C. response D. performance 30. A. easily B. ultimately C. occasionally D. directly 31. A. focused B. beautiful C. intelligent D. considerate 32. A. recording B. practicing C. discussing D. watching 33. A. applied B. attached C. treated D. pushed 34. A. predict B. design C. learn D. research 35. A. brilliant B. brave C. stubborn D. discouraged 36. A. wrong B. nervous C. frightened D. careless 37. A. function B. status C. level D. stress 38. A. budget B. expectation C. responsibility D. deadline 39. A. limit B. purpose C. preparation D. destination 40 A. increased B. deserved C. expanded D. exposed 41. A. completely B. chiefly C. truly D. originally (二) It was 6 p. m. on Chinese New Year’s Eve. I was working as a tour guide and was on my way to ____42____ a group for a night tour around Kuala Lumpur. As I drove along the road, a small car flew across the road from the ____43____ direction and crashed into my car head-on. I passed out. In the hospital, I saw my crushed feet hanging from my body, blue and ____44____ , and I begged the doctors to save them at all costs. They calmly promised to do their best. Days after that, I was informed that I lost the job. My heart ____45____ . I felt utter helplessness, but a lot of unexpected ____46____ came my way. I had many visitors during my 14 days in hospital and when I was ____47____ at home. Friends and relatives helped me with my financial stuff or simply came to cheer me up. But I was only 30, and wanted to see the world. When the casts (石膏) were removed, I did not let the sight of my weak legs ____48____ me. I worked hard at my physiotherapy (理疗) with only one ____49____ : I must walk again. After the five-month therapy, I was back ____50____ my feet. By February the following year, I had started globetrotting (周游世界) again. The accident made me realize how lives can ____51____ in a split second. In my foggy state of mind, I recalled how motorcyclists wrapped their jackets around their ____52____ and moved away my broken side window to save me. I also recall the Chinese family who ____53____ taboo (禁忌) and drove me to the hospital ____54____ my bloodied condition on Chinese New Year. The kindness I’ve experienced taught me never to give up ____55____ on anyone or in any situation. I ____56____ life more, not only my own but also everyone I know, and will always try to help when I know of someone in trouble. 42. A. find out B. search for C. pick up D. attend to 43. A. opposite B. same C. wrong D. right 44. A. lifeless B. jumping C. hopeless D. flying 45. A. stopped B. sank C. jumped D. ached 46. A. results B. disasters C. blessings D. promises 47. A. recovering B. working C. testing D. complaining 48. A. puzzle B. surprise C. discourage D. fail 49. A. aim B. seat C. excuse D. car 50. A. with B. on C. in D. down 51. A. improve B. change C. worsen D. end 52. A. toes B. arms C. heads D. faces 53. A. accepted B. created C. followed D. abandoned 54. A. in spite of B. in addition to C. in memory of D. in contrast to 55. A. doubt B. power C. hope D. desire 56. A. choose B. spare C. save D. value 第四节 单句语法填空 (每题1.5分，共15分) 57. The most ______ (promise) individuals are awarded funding of 20000 to begin their ideas.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 58. She joined a choir and ______ a solo in the first concert. (获得独唱机会) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 59. Backstage on the show day, Vaughan saw everyone ______. (鱼贯而入) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 60. In France, a person encountering ______ identical gesture may interpret it ______ meaning zero. （用适当的词填空） 61. The note ______ from the speakers. (音符从话筒中迸出) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 62. Scientists discovered that the statues were designed to walk upright through a clever ______ movement. (rock)  (所给词的适当形式填空) 63. If they are stressed or upset, it’s best to wait until they are more ______. (乐于接受的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 64. My parents always insist that I wash my ______ (农产品) before eating it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 65. The huge statues had wide, D-shaped ______ (底座) and leaned forward slightly. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 66. It was an exciting experience to be part of such a meaningful ______. (救援活动) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 高二上学期期中质量监测二次过关 英语试卷 阅读理解 (共两节，满分62.5分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 【1~4题答案】 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A B 【5~8题答案】 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C C 【9~12题答案】 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C D 【13~16题答案】 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 第二节 七选五 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A 【17~21题答案】 【答案】17. A 18. E 19. G 20. D 21. C B 【22~26题答案】 【答案】22. G 23. C 24. D 25. E 26. F 第三节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (一) 【27~41题答案】 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. B 41. C (二) 【42~56题答案】 【答案】42. C 43. A 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. D 第四节 单句语法填空 (每题1.5分，共15分) 【57题答案】 【答案】promising 【58题答案】 【答案】landed 【59题答案】 【答案】file in 【60题答案】 【答案】 ①. an ②. as 【61题答案】 【答案】erupted 【62题答案】 【答案】rocking 【63题答案】 【答案】receptive 【64题答案】 【答案】produce 【65题答案】 【答案】bases 【66题答案】 【答案】relief effort 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $