04.Unit 1 Past and present （阅读策略）-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（译林版2024）

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024) Unit 1 Past and present阅读策略 目录 第一部分 阅读主题阐释锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 词句策略积累用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 阅读强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 阅读主题阐释 “Past and present” 主题聚焦 “过去与现在” 的对比，通过城镇发展、生活方式、环境变化等具象场景，引导学生感知时代变迁的多元维度，理解变化背后的社会发展逻辑，同时培养用英语描述对比的语言能力。该主题常见于访谈、记叙文等语篇，如通过采访老人了解城镇变迁的对话文本。 1. 主题内涵 核心是通过 “时间维度的对比” 展现变化本质，涵盖物质环境、生活方式、人际关系等层面的今昔差异，既包含 “进步性变化”（如设施升级），也触及 “变化的复杂性”（如发展伴随的情感缺失）。 例：In the past, Sunshine Town only had small restaurants and shops; now it has a large shopping mall and a new theatre. But most old friends have moved away, making meetings less frequent. 2. 素养体现 语言能力：掌握现在完成时、一般过去时等时态的对比运用，理解 “since”“over the years” 等时间标志词的功能。 例：Students can identify that “I have lived here since 1965” describes a continuous state up to now, while “I moved here in 1965” refers to a finished action. 思维品质：通过文本细节归纳变化规律，辩证分析变化的利弊。 例：Analyzing “The river is cleaner now but old friends are gone” to recognize both positive and negative effects of development. 学习能力：通过访谈类文本掌握信息提取的方法，如定位时间、地点、事件等关键要素。 例：Finding “northern part of town” “1965” “moved two blocks” from Mr. Chen’s interview to sort his living experience. 3. 策略要求 信息定位策略：借助时间状语（如 “in 1965”“now”）和对比信号词（如 “but”“however”）划分文本的 “过去” 与 “现在” 板块。 例：Locating “Years ago... Now...” in the text to separate descriptions of Sunshine Town’s past and present facilities. 对比分析策略：通过表格或思维导图梳理同一对象的今昔差异，如 “交通方式”“环境状况” 等维度。 例：Listing “past: small restaurants; present: large shopping mall” and “past: polluted river; present: clean river” to summarize changes. 推理判断策略：根据细节推断变化原因，如从 “government took action” 推出河水变清的原因。 例：Inferring “the steel factory was closed” from “waste into the river” and “river is cleaner now”. 4. 文化品质 本土文化认知：理解中国城镇在现代化进程中的共性变化，如旧区改造、环保治理等，增强家国认同感。 例：Relating Sunshine Town’s transformation to real-life changes in Chinese cities like Beijing (market stalls to shopping malls). 多元视角意识：认识到 “变化” 的普遍性，不同文化中均存在生活方式、技术的演进，同时尊重 “变化中的传统保留”。 例：Comparing “family gatherings in the past (playing chess together) vs. now (less frequent)” to understand universal changes in community bonds. 环保意识：通过 “污染治理” 案例树立可持续发展理念，如 “reducing waste to protect rivers”。 例：Learning from “government stopped factory waste dumping” to advocate environmental protection in daily life. ◇Part 02 词句策略积累 （一）主题词汇 时间与变化类：past（过去）、present（现在）、since（自从）、over the years（多年来）、change（变化）、transform（转变）、develop（发展）、improve（改善）、evolve（演变）、modernize（使现代化）、used to（过去常常）、already（已经）、yet（还）、recently（最近）、decade（十年）。 地点与设施类：town（城镇）、block（街区）、northern（北方的）、centre/center（中心）、restaurant（餐馆）、shop（商店）、post office（邮局）、cinema（电影院）、theatre（剧院）、shopping mall（购物中心）、park（公园）、factory（工厂）、river（河流）、community（社区）。 动作与状态类：live（居住）、move（搬家）、marry（结婚）、realize（意识到）、reduce（减少）、pollute（污染）、dump（倾倒）、take action（采取行动）、turn...into...（把…… 变成……）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、remain（保持）。 情感与评价类：lonely（孤独的）、pleasant（愉快的）、amazing（惊人的）、better（更好的）、worse（更糟的）、impossible（不可能的）、fascinating（迷人的）、traditional（传统的）、modern（现代的）、advanced（先进的）。 名词拓展：wife（妻子）、husband（丈夫）、interview（采访）、waste（废料）、pollution（污染）、lifestyle（生活方式）、technology（技术）、culture（文化）、memory（记忆）、generation（代）。 （二）主题句式 1.时间对比基础 In the past, + 一般过去时；but now, + 一般现在时 / 现在完成时.（过去……，但现在……） People used to do sth, but now they do sth else.（人们过去常常做某事，但现在做别的事了） There was/were... years ago; now there is/are....（多年前有……，现在有……） Great changes have taken place in... over the past + 时间段.（在过去的…… 里，…… 发生了巨大变化） Since + 过去时间点，sth has changed a lot.（自从……，某事发生了很大变化） 2.变化描述进阶 The government has turned part of... into....（政府已经把…… 的一部分变成了……） The... is much + 比较级 than it was in the past.（…… 比过去…… 得多） It is impossible for sb to do sth now, but it was easy before.（现在某人做某事不可能了，但以前很容易） With the development of..., people’s life has improved.（随着…… 的发展，人们的生活改善了） Sth used to be... , but now it becomes....（某物过去是……，但现在变成了……） 3.时态运用核心 Sb has lived/worked in... since + 过去时间 / 从句.（自从……，某人就住在 / 工作在……） Has the town changed a lot over the years? Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t.（这些年城镇变化大吗？是的 / 不，不大） Sb moved to... in + 过去时间 and has lived there since then.（某人在…… 搬到……，从那以后就住在那里） I have never seen such a big shopping mall before.（我以前从没见过这么大的购物中心） Did there use to be a factory here? Yes, there did./No, there didn’t.（这里过去有工厂吗？是的 / 不，没有） 4.观点与感受表达 In some ways, life is better now.（在某些方面，现在的生活更好了） It is really nice to have a modern town.（有一个现代化的城镇真好） Sb feels a bit lonely from time to time.（某人时不时觉得有点孤独） It is important to take action to reduce pollution.（采取行动减少污染很重要） We are proud of the amazing changes in our hometown.（我们为家乡惊人的变化感到自豪） 5.细节补充拓展 There were only some small shops, and there was no theatre at all.（以前只有一些小商店，根本没有剧院） Later, the government realized the problem and tried to solve it.（后来，政府意识到问题并努力解决） Most of my old friends have moved away, so we can’t meet often.（我的大多数老朋友都搬走了，所以我们不能经常见面） The river was polluted because factories dumped waste into it.（河流被污染了，因为工厂把废料倒进里面） Now we have more parks, which makes our town more beautiful.（现在我们有更多公园，这让城镇更美丽了） 6.综合对比总结 Comparing the past and present, we can see great progress in...（对比过去和现在，我们能看到…… 的巨大进步） Although life is more convenient now, we miss the old days sometimes.（虽然现在生活更方便了，但我们有时怀念过去的日子） The changes in... show that our society is developing fast.（…… 的变化表明我们的社会在快速发展） From the interview, we learn about the history and development of...（从访谈中，我们了解到…… 的历史和发展） Both the past and present have their own advantages.（过去和现在都有各自的优点） 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据提示翻译句子。 1.多年来，阳光镇发生了巨大的变化。（take place） 2.我爷爷自从 1965 年就住在这个街区了。（since） 3.政府已经把旧工厂变成了一个公园。（turn...into...） 4.人们过去常常在这条河里游泳，但现在它太脏了。（used to） 5.虽然生活更现代化了，但他有时会感到孤独。（modern, lonely） （三）优化策略 1. 时间轴定位策略 核心操作：阅读时圈画 “in 1965”“now”“since 2000” 等时间标志词，以时间为轴梳理事件发展线，区分 “过去信息块” 与 “现在信息块”。 主题适配性：“Past and present” 主题的语篇多按时间逻辑展开，时间轴能快速破解 “时空交错” 的文本结构。 2. 对比表格梳理策略 核心操作：针对同一对象（如 “交通”“环境”“人际关系”），创建 “过去”“现在” 两列，从文本中提取关键词填入对应栏目，形成可视化对比。 主题适配性：该策略直击 “对比” 核心，帮助学生系统归纳变化维度，避免遗漏细节，尤其适用于记叙文和说明文中的今昔对比内容。 3. 时态差异辨析策略 核心操作：标注文本中一般过去时（描述过去完成的动作）、现在完成时（描述持续到现在的状态 / 影响）的动词形式，分析时态背后的 “时间属性”。 主题适配性：时态是区分 “过去” 与 “现在” 的语言载体，如 “moved”（过去搬）与 “has lived”（现在仍住）的差异，直接影响对 “变化持续性” 的理解。 案例分析：辨析 “I moved here in 1965”（1965 年的单次动作，已结束）与 “I have lived here since 1965”（从 1965 年持续到现在的状态），可准确把握 Mr. Chen 与城镇的情感联结。 4. 推理判断策略（基于对比细节） 核心操作：根据 “过去 - 现在” 的显性差异，推断隐性信息，如变化原因、作者态度、社会背景等，常用信号词为 “however”“because”“so”。 主题适配性：主题文本常隐含 “变化的复杂性”（如发展与失落并存），需通过推理挖掘深层含义，培养辩证思维。 案例分析：从 “old friends have moved away”（过去：常聚会；现在：难见面）和 “feel lonely”，可推断 “现代化带来人际关系疏远” 的隐性观点；从 “government turned factory into park”，可推断 “政府重视环保” 的社会背景。 ◇Part 03 阅读强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 When we think about 2050, it seems that it is far from now and it will be a totally different world. But in fact, it is just about 25 years from now and we can already know what will be possible to have by that time. Now, let’s have a look at some predictions about 2050 together. First, AI (人工智能) will bring more jobs in 2050. Many people worry about AI in our lives because they think robots will do all the jobs and we won’t have jobs. But according to (根据) a survey, AI will bring 2.3 million jobs and make only 1.8 million jobs disappear. Second, space travel will be possible in 2050. According to Business Insider, people can travel in space in 2050. But it will only be for wealthy people, because the travel to space will cost about 100 million dollars for just one week. Last, self-driving cars will make driving safer (更加安全的). Self-driving cars will make traffic-related (有关联的) deaths less possible and driving safer. And they can also bring changes (变化) in our lives, too. We will have more time for ourselves. Will all these come true? Perhaps the future is much nearer than we think. 1．What does the underlined word “wealthy” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Rich. B．Healthy. C．Successful. D．Outgoing. 2．What will your life be like in 2050 if you have a self-driving car? A．You can drive it to space. B．You can travel anywhere you want. C．You will drive it faster than usual cars. D．You will have more free time. 3．What will happen in the future according to the passage? A．AI will surely make robots do all the jobs for humans. B．Life in 50 years will be the same. C．Space travel may come true in 2050. D．Self-driving cars will make driving less safe. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Life in the Past B．Predictions for the Future C．Robots in the Future D．Problems in the Future 2 In the future, technology is advancing at an astonishing (惊人的) speed, which will bring about huge changes in our lives. One of the most remarkable advances is in artificial intelligence. Smart robots will become common in every household. They can handle various household chores, take care of the elderly and children, and even provide companionship. In the medical field, AI-assisted diagnosis (诊断) systems will be able to detect diseases with higher accuracy and offer more personalized treatment plans. The development of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will also transform our daily lives. We can use VR to travel to any place in the world without leaving home or experience historical events as if we were there. AR will be widely used in education, enabling students to learn in more vivid and interactive ways. Moreover, the Internet of Things will connect all kinds of devices, making our homes and cities smarter. For example, smart homes can automatically adjust the temperature, lighting, and security settings according to our preferences. In smart cities, traffic jams will be alleviated (减轻) through intelligent transportation systems. However, with the rapid development of technology, there will also be some challenges. For instance, the widespread use of automation may lead to job losses in some industries. Therefore, it is crucial for us to master science and technology from now on to better adapt to the future and make the most of the opportunities brought by technological progress. 1．What is one of the most remarkable advances in the future? A．The development of transportation. B．The improvement of education. C．The progress in artificial intelligence. D．The change of social structure. 2．How will smart robots help in the future? A．They will only do heavy work. B．They will handle all human tasks. C．They can take care of household chores and offer companionship. D．They will replace humans in all fields. 3．What is the challenge brought by the rapid development of technology? A．The decrease in people’s creativity. B．The breakdown of the Internet of Things. C．The increase in environmental pollution. D．The job losses in some industries. 4．Why is it important for us to master science and technology now? A．To make more money. B．To become famous. C．To better adapt to the future and seize opportunities. D．To compete with others. 3 When the clock turned one, a light appeared in the room. Scrooge jumped up from his bed, and found himself face to face with a ghost, the Ghost of Christmas Past. Scrooge looked at it with his eyes wide open. It was very strange. Its long hair was white like an old man’s, but there were no wrinkles on its face. It wore a white tunic (袍子). When the Ghost took Scrooge and flew towards the window of the second floor, he was afraid. “I’m a mortal (凡人),” said Scrooge, “I’ll fall.” The Ghost laid its hand on Scrooge’s heart and said, “You won’t fall!” As it spoke, they passed through the window. And they stood on a country road. “Good Heavens!” said Scrooge, as he looked around. “I grew up here. I was a boy here!” They walked along the road. And Scrooge remembered every tree and every gate. All these boys were happy and shouting to each other. A feeling of nostalgia filled his heart “They are only shadows (幻影),” said the Ghost. “They can’t see us.” Scrooge knew all the boys and he looked at them with smiles. They were all his classmates. But why was he so happy to see them? Why was he happy when they called Merry Christmas to each other? “The school is not quite empty,” said the Ghost. “One child is still there.” “I know,” said Scrooge with tears in his eyes. They soon came to a long, empty classroom. At one of the desks, a lonely boy was reading a book. Scrooge sat down on a bench and cried. He sat there for a long time. “I wish back then, I could just run out and enjoy the Christmas with my classmates,” Scrooge said, after drying his eyes with his sleeve, “but it’s too late now.” “What’s the matter?” asked the Ghost “Nothing,” said Scrooge. “There was a boy singing a Christmas carol (颂歌) at my door last night. I would like to give him some money now. But it’s too late.” —Adapted from A Christmas Carol 1．Which of the following sentences can we put the word “nostalgia” into? A．I really need some ________ to climb such a tall tree without protection B．Looking at my old toys and books brings me a sense of ________. C．When the mother saw Tom’s room in a mess, she got a feeling of ________. D．Everyone in the village showed ________ and helped old woman after the fire. 2．Who is the boy reading a book in the classroom? A．One of Scrooge’s classmates. B．The Ghost. C．The boy singing the Christmas carol. D．Scrooge himself. 3．Which of the following best shows Scrooge’s change of feeling? A．Happy→Surprised→Sad→Sorry B．Surprised→Sorry→Happy-Sad C．Happy→Sad→Surprised→Sorry D．Surprised→Happy→Sad→Sorry 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Scrooge’s Future Travel with the Ghost B．The Amazing Christmas of the Ghost C．Scrooge’s Meaningful Trip to the Past D．The Wonderful Christmas of Scrooge 4 There won’t be much land, so there will be big cities underwater, and we will travel in submarines (潜艇). I want to live in an underwater house with glass walls. I will see fish swimming around! There will be many parks and enough green space because people will take the environment more seriously. People will live a happy and healthy life. Maybe people will have a much healthier diet and enjoy fresh food every day. I think computers will be very small in the future. We will put them in our clothes and use our voices to control them. We’ll meet our teachers and friends in a cool virtual (虚拟的) place to learn about the world. I think the Earth will become a cleaner place in the future because we will drive cars with the energy from the sun. What’s more, perhaps cars will be very fast, and some cars can even fly in the air. 1．Helen predicts that people will travel _________. A．by train B．by plane C．by ship D．by submarine 2．Who thinks we will use our voices to control computers? A．Helen. B．Bob. C．Jenny. D．Jim. 3．Jim believes the earth will become cleaner because people will _________. A．only eat healthy food B．live under the water C．use energy from the sun D．put computers in the clothes 4．The four kids are talking about _________. A．how fast cars will fly B．what the world will be like C．where people will get fresh food D．how much land there will be 5．Where is the text most probably from? A．A science book. B．A storybook. C．A cooking book. D．A travel book. 5 Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have nicer cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses. Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket! Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a huge operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world. This may not happen. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video call. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio (空间音频). This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life. So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (影像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. 1．According to the passage, what might be the new invention that will change our lives? A．Smartphones. B．Cameras. C．Pockets. D．Smart glasses. 2．What are paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．Where smart glasses could be used. B．When smart glasses might be made. C．Why smart glasses should be changed. D．How smart glasses would give directions. 3．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses? A．Bored. B．Uncertain. C．Satisfied. D．Confident. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different ways to use smartphones. B．Smart glasses will be used in industry. C．Smart glasses will greatly change our lives. D．Why can’t we wear smart glasses at present? 6 In the future, cameras will be different from what we have now. One big change is their size. Cameras will become much smaller. They might be as small as a grain of rice. This small size will make it easy to carry them anywhere, like in your pocket or on your clothes. Another change is in their function. Future cameras will not only take pictures but also analyze what they see. For example, if you take a picture of a plant, the camera can tell you what kind of plant it is. They can also record 3D images, giving you a more real-life view of the things you capture. Finally, the way we share pictures will change. Cameras will be able to share pictures directly to our friends’ devices without using the Internet. This will make sharing photos faster and more convenient. 1．What will be the size of future cameras? A．As big as a phone. B．As small as a grain of rice. C．As large as a book. D．As thick as a wallet. 2．What new function will future cameras have? A．They can only take black-and-white pictures. B．They can analyze what they see. C．They can make videos but not take pictures. D．They can only record 2D images. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Future cameras will be too big to carry. B．Future cameras can’t take pictures. C．Future cameras will make sharing pictures more difficult. D．Future cameras will have new functions. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use a camera. B．The history of cameras. C．The future development of cameras. D．The best cameras on the market. 7 By the year 2100, we will live on Mars (火星). Here is what life will be like. First, our spaceships are too slow to take large numbers of people to Mars—it takes months. However, by 2100, spaceships can take us to get to Mars in two or three days! Second, people need food, water, and air to live. Because there is no soil (土壤) on Mars, scientists should be able to make many plants on Mars. ▲ However, can these plants give water to us? There is no answer now. Third, there is a problem for us to live on Mars. Mars attracts us much less than the Earth does. It isn’t a good thing for us because we could easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space. To stop this, humans on Mars have to wear special shoes to make themselves heavier. Last, life on Mars will be better because there will be no school. Every student will have a computer at home. It is connected to the Internet. They can study, do their homework, and do exercise in the online schools. However, life on Mars may not be better than that on the Earth today. Food will not be as delicious as it is today. Also, space travels will make many people feel bad. 1．How will the space travel to Mars by 2100 be? A．Much less comfortable than now. B．Much more comfortable than now. C．Much slower than now. D．Much faster than now. 2．Which of the following is right for “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．No animals will live there. B．They will get light from the sun. C．They will give us food and air. D．They will change the temperature there. 3．What does the underlined word “attracts” possibly mean? A．Pulls. B．Pushes. C．Gives. D．Misses. 4．Why does the writer say life on Mars will be better? A．Because the food will be more delicious there. B．Because students will attend online schools there. C．Because people will enjoy space travels. D．Because all the computers will be connected to the Internet. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How Will People Travel to Mars? B．What Will the Life Be Like on Mars? C．When Will All People Live on Mars? D．Where Will People Live in the Future? 8 Over the past fifty years, my hometown has changed a lot. In the past, there were only muddy roads and very few cars. People mostly walked or rode bicycles to get around. Now the roads are much wider and far busier than before, filled with cars, buses, and motorcycles day and night. The buildings have also changed. Fifty years ago, most buildings were short, simple, and made of brick or wood. Today, they are much taller and more modern, with glass and steel structures everywhere. The environment (环境) has changed too. The air was fresher and cleaner before, but now it is more polluted because of the growing number of factories and cars. However, people are trying to plant more trees and build parks to make the city greener and healthier. There are also more fun and convenient places now. We have a huge new shopping mall which is larger, brighter, and more exciting than the old market. Young people think life is more interesting and convenient now because there are more activities and things to do. But some old people still remember the past and say life was simpler, quieter, and more peaceful back then. 1．How did people mainly travel in the past? A．By car and bus. B．By motorcycle. C．By walking or bicycle. D．By train. 2．In the third paragraph, the underlined word “polluted” means: A．Fresh and clean. B．Dirty and harmful. C．Modern and convenient. D．Simple and peaceful. 3．Why do some old people prefer life in the past? A．Because there were more shopping malls. B．Because the air was cleaner and life was quieter. C．Because there were more factories and cars. D．Because buildings were taller and more modern. 4．What are people doing to improve the environment now? A．Building more factories. B．Making roads wider. C．Planting more trees and building parks. D．Driving more cars. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The hometown has not changed at all. B．The changes have only brought problems. C．The hometown has changed with both good and bad sides. D．Only young people like the changes. 9 Last summer, 12-year-old Lila visited her grandpa’s old workshop. It had old tools, a small window that let in sunlight, and a wooden shelf with dusty jars of nails (钉子). There, under a loose (松动的) floorboard, she found a yellowed notebook with strange marks—“I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ” next to her grandpa’s tool list. “What do these mean?” Lila asked, holding the notebook up and leaning (凑近) closer to her grandpa. Grandpa smiled and sat her down on a wooden chair by the window. “Long ago, people didn’t use 1, 2, 3 like we do now. The Romans made those marks—they’re called Roman numerals. I learned them when I was 10, to count nails and wood for my dad’s small shop.” He pointed to the notebook: “‘V’ stands for 5, ‘X’ for 10. See? I wrote ‘XII’ next to the hammers—that meant 12 hammers total.” Lila’s eyes lit up brightly. Grandpa took out a 60-year-old ruler with Roman numerals on it. “Back then, we used them to measure wood lengths for tables. But they’re tricky—you can’t add or subtract (减) easily. Later, Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3) came. They’re simpler, so everyone started using them more.” That day, Lila copied 10 Roman numerals in her notebook carefully. Now, whenever she sees “XII” on a clock, she thinks of grandpa’s story—and how numbers once changed to make life easier. 1．When did Lila’s grandpa learn Roman numerals? A．When he was 10 years old. B．When he started working in the workshop. C．When Lila visited him last summer. D．When he bought the 60-year-old ruler. 2．What does the underlined word “tricky” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Easy to learn. B．Difficult to use. C．Fun to practice. D．Important to remember. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Lila will stop using Arabic numerals after the visit. B．Roman numerals are no longer used in any way today. C．Lila’s grandpa used Roman numerals in his work before. D．Arabic numerals were invented by Lila’s grandpa’s dad. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How Lila helped her grandpa clean the old workshop. B．How Lila learned about Roman numerals from her grandpa. C．Why Arabic numerals are used in modern clocks. D．Why Lila’s grandpa liked collecting old notebooks. 10 What will people be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that they will be different from what they are today, for people are slowly changing all the time. Now look at the chart below, and you’ll find some differences. Body part Changes Reasons Height Grow taller About 3 inches taller than 5,000 years ago Head Larger People use brains more and more Eyes Grow stronger People pay attention to protecting eyes Arms and legs Grow weaker Used less Fingers Grow more sensitive (灵敏的) Used a great deal in modern life Hair Disappear Does not serve a useful purpose any longer Perhaps all this gives the impression that future people will not be a very attractive creature (生物) to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future people will still have a lot in common with us. They will still be human beings, with thoughts and emotions (情感) similar to ours. 1．The height of people will ________ in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now. A．grow shorter B．steady C．grow taller D．disappear 2．The reason for believing that future people will be different is that people ________. A．began to change five hundred years ago B．never stop changing C．stop changing D．have recently begun to change 3．People’s heads will grow larger. This is because their brains will ________. A．grow faster than at present B．not be used C．play an important part D．be used more and more 4．People use fingers a great deal in modern life, so in the future people’s fingers will grow ________. A．shorter B．thicker C．longer D．more sensitive 5．Future people’s hair will ________. A．grow darker B．disappear C．stop growing completely D．grow longer 6．Future people will probably ________. A．have stronger eyes B．have weaker eyes C．have one eye D．have to wear better glasses 11 ①Looking back at my childhood, one thing I will never forget is an old pickle jar (泡菜坛). The jar wasn’t a treasure, but it held so many special moments with my dad. ②The pickle jar was in my parents’ bedroom. Every night, Dad would drop his coins into the jar. When the jar was full, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and put the coins into wrappers (包装纸) before taking them to the bank. This was a special event. ③Every time we went to the bank, Dad would say, “Those coins are going to keep you out of the factory, son.” After depositing the coins, we would celebrate with ice cream. I always chose chocolate and Dad chose milk. Dad showed me the coins in his hand after the seller gave him change. “When we get home, we’ll start filling the jar again,” he said excitedly. He always let me drop the first coins into the empty jar. “You’ll get to college with them,” he said. ④Years later, I finished college and moved to another town for work. During a visit home, I noticed the pickle jar disappeared. It already finished its job. ⑤Although the pickle jar can’t be found anywhere now, its meaning always stays with me. It taught me about hard work and family love. Dad never said many big words, but this little jar told me everything. I’ll always keep this memory in my heart. 1．What did the writer’s dad usually do every night? A．He made pickles at home. B．He went to the bank near their home. C．He put his coins into a pickle jar. D．He bought ice cream for the writer. 2．What does the underlined word “depositing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．saving B．throwing C．spending D．wasting 3．According to the writer, how did his father teach him important lessons? A．By setting an example. B．By giving long talks. C．By visiting him every week. D．By making him work at a factory. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is probably the best title for this passage? A．Lessons from a Pickle Jar B．Lessons from Coins C．Skills on How to Make Money D．Skills on How to Talk with Dad 12 You may already see robots (机器人) in some restaurants. They are about the size of a child. They can welcome people and guide them to their tables. They serve food and drinks and bring dirty dishes back to the kitchen. Some have cat-like faces and even make noises when you touch their heads. But are robot waiters the future (将来)? Robot waiters are useful. They can do the jobs as humans do. In the US, there were 15 million people working in the restaurants at the end of last year according to the National Restaurant Association. But many of the restaurant owners said they didn’t have enough workers. Robot waiters can also help save money. A restaurant owner said a robot costs around ¥15,000, but a person costs ¥5,000 to ¥6,000 per month. And the cost of human workers will continue (继续) to rise, but technology (科技) costs will fall. The robots are increasing quickly. Sales of robots have been growing in these years. For example, a company called Pudu Robotics in Shenzhen, China, has sold more than 56,000 robots around the world. There are tens of thousands of robots now moving through eating places around the world. For example, Pizza Hut has robot waiters in 1,000 restaurants in China. Some people think robot waiters are the future and they are well accepted (接受) by people. Some think robot waiters still have a long way to go before they can take the place (代替) of humans. They cannot take orders. And they cannot walk up steps to different areas of a restaurant. The others think the robot can never take the place of humans. People go to the restaurant to have the experience of being served by a human but not a robot. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By showing opinions. B．By making comparisons (对比). C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 2．What do we know about robot waiters? A．There are 15 million robots working in the restaurants around the world. B．The American restaurant owners think robots cost too much. C．There are robot waiters working in many restaurants in China. D．The robot can take the place of humans for sure. 3．What does the underlined word “increasing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Getting more and more. B．Getting stronger and stronger. C．Getting bigger and bigger. D．Getting less and less. 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Are robot waiters the future? B．Are robot waiters better than humans? C．Will people have robots in restaurants? D．Can robot waiters do everything for us? 13 My school life is a learning experience for sure. It gives me trust and fun. Most importantly, I have got a lot of knowledge and life skills. For me, my school life gives me many joys in life. Till now I have been a student at my school for nine years. For me, it has been an amazing golden age. It is like the happiest dream. Here I began to learn the alphabet and now can use different ways to solve problems. I can never forget the warm welcome on the first day when I came to this school to study. It decides why my life at school is so important to me. My life at school makes me learn something new almost every day. It helps me to get an understanding of knowledge. Besides this, it helps me to succeed not only in my studies but also in activities. In the past, I also made a lot of mistakes. During my school days, I can remember how naive (无经验的) I was. Yet thanks to my friends and teachers, I corrected my mistakes and kept on studying hard. That is how I found the real meaning of love from school life. In my mind, their words are still ringing. I still remember my friends and me sharing lunch during the lunch break, playing basketball on the court, taking part in different activities, and of course, taking the short trips. Now that I look back, it is no less than a fairy tale. I entered my school crying, not wanting to let go of my mother’s hand, scared of the new place and new people. And now I leave it crying, scared of leaving that place, those friends and teachers. 1．What does the writer get from school life? A．Only knowledge. B．Nothing. C．Only fun. D．Knowledge and life skills. 2．Why is school life important to the writer? A．Because of the warm welcome on the first day. B．Because of the difficult exams. C．Because of the many mistakes. D．Because of the long trips. 3．What’s the correct order according to the writer’s experiences? a. He shared lunch with friends.     b. He cried when entering school. c. He learned to solve problems.      d. He corrected mistakes with help. A．b-c-d-a B．a-c-b-d C．d-a-c-b D．d-c-b-a 4．What is the best title for this text? A．Interesting Students’ Activities. B．Unforgettable School Life. C．Weekly Life of a School Student. D．Important School Activities. 14 With the development (发展) of technology (科技), education is changing. The classroom of the future will not be the same as the classroom of today. So what will the future classroom be like? Let’s try to find it out. There will be no blackboard in the classroom. Students will take classes by looking at their touch-screen (触摸屏的) desks. And doing homework, writing down notes, and taking tests will be just a click away (点击鼠标即可). The walls of the classroom will also be full of screens. In the coming years, students and teachers will not be studying face-to-face at school. Teachers and students can get into a virtual classroom, but in real life, they may be sitting on the sofa at home. The experience will be like being in a real classroom. Students can also “visit” historical places, see the geography of the planet, “travel” around the world, and much more. Future classrooms will bring students different learning methods. Each student can choose a learning method that they are interested in. This will help students learn faster and get better grades. 1．What might happen according to the second paragraph? A．Students won’t need to take classes. B．There will be no desks in the classroom. C．Students won’t need to do their homework. D．There will be no blackboard in the classroom. 2．What does the underlined word “virtual” mean in the third paragraph? A．虚拟的 B．真实的 C．自然的 D．特殊的 3．What can students do in the future classroom? ①sit on the bed ②“visit” historical places ③see the geography of the planet ④“travel” around the world A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024) Unit 1 Past and present阅读策略 目录 第一部分 阅读主题阐释锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 词句策略积累用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 阅读强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 阅读主题阐释 “Past and present” 主题聚焦 “过去与现在” 的对比，通过城镇发展、生活方式、环境变化等具象场景，引导学生感知时代变迁的多元维度，理解变化背后的社会发展逻辑，同时培养用英语描述对比的语言能力。该主题常见于访谈、记叙文等语篇，如通过采访老人了解城镇变迁的对话文本。 1. 主题内涵 核心是通过 “时间维度的对比” 展现变化本质，涵盖物质环境、生活方式、人际关系等层面的今昔差异，既包含 “进步性变化”（如设施升级），也触及 “变化的复杂性”（如发展伴随的情感缺失）。 例：In the past, Sunshine Town only had small restaurants and shops; now it has a large shopping mall and a new theatre. But most old friends have moved away, making meetings less frequent. 2. 素养体现 语言能力：掌握现在完成时、一般过去时等时态的对比运用，理解 “since”“over the years” 等时间标志词的功能。 例：Students can identify that “I have lived here since 1965” describes a continuous state up to now, while “I moved here in 1965” refers to a finished action. 思维品质：通过文本细节归纳变化规律，辩证分析变化的利弊。 例：Analyzing “The river is cleaner now but old friends are gone” to recognize both positive and negative effects of development. 学习能力：通过访谈类文本掌握信息提取的方法，如定位时间、地点、事件等关键要素。 例：Finding “northern part of town” “1965” “moved two blocks” from Mr. Chen’s interview to sort his living experience. 3. 策略要求 信息定位策略：借助时间状语（如 “in 1965”“now”）和对比信号词（如 “but”“however”）划分文本的 “过去” 与 “现在” 板块。 例：Locating “Years ago... Now...” in the text to separate descriptions of Sunshine Town’s past and present facilities. 对比分析策略：通过表格或思维导图梳理同一对象的今昔差异，如 “交通方式”“环境状况” 等维度。 例：Listing “past: small restaurants; present: large shopping mall” and “past: polluted river; present: clean river” to summarize changes. 推理判断策略：根据细节推断变化原因，如从 “government took action” 推出河水变清的原因。 例：Inferring “the steel factory was closed” from “waste into the river” and “river is cleaner now”. 4. 文化品质 本土文化认知：理解中国城镇在现代化进程中的共性变化，如旧区改造、环保治理等，增强家国认同感。 例：Relating Sunshine Town’s transformation to real-life changes in Chinese cities like Beijing (market stalls to shopping malls). 多元视角意识：认识到 “变化” 的普遍性，不同文化中均存在生活方式、技术的演进，同时尊重 “变化中的传统保留”。 例：Comparing “family gatherings in the past (playing chess together) vs. now (less frequent)” to understand universal changes in community bonds. 环保意识：通过 “污染治理” 案例树立可持续发展理念，如 “reducing waste to protect rivers”。 例：Learning from “government stopped factory waste dumping” to advocate environmental protection in daily life. ◇Part 02 词句策略积累 （一）主题词汇 时间与变化类：past（过去）、present（现在）、since（自从）、over the years（多年来）、change（变化）、transform（转变）、develop（发展）、improve（改善）、evolve（演变）、modernize（使现代化）、used to（过去常常）、already（已经）、yet（还）、recently（最近）、decade（十年）。 地点与设施类：town（城镇）、block（街区）、northern（北方的）、centre/center（中心）、restaurant（餐馆）、shop（商店）、post office（邮局）、cinema（电影院）、theatre（剧院）、shopping mall（购物中心）、park（公园）、factory（工厂）、river（河流）、community（社区）。 动作与状态类：live（居住）、move（搬家）、marry（结婚）、realize（意识到）、reduce（减少）、pollute（污染）、dump（倾倒）、take action（采取行动）、turn...into...（把…… 变成……）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、remain（保持）。 情感与评价类：lonely（孤独的）、pleasant（愉快的）、amazing（惊人的）、better（更好的）、worse（更糟的）、impossible（不可能的）、fascinating（迷人的）、traditional（传统的）、modern（现代的）、advanced（先进的）。 名词拓展：wife（妻子）、husband（丈夫）、interview（采访）、waste（废料）、pollution（污染）、lifestyle（生活方式）、technology（技术）、culture（文化）、memory（记忆）、generation（代）。 （二）主题句式 1.时间对比基础 In the past, + 一般过去时；but now, + 一般现在时 / 现在完成时.（过去……，但现在……） People used to do sth, but now they do sth else.（人们过去常常做某事，但现在做别的事了） There was/were... years ago; now there is/are....（多年前有……，现在有……） Great changes have taken place in... over the past + 时间段.（在过去的…… 里，…… 发生了巨大变化） Since + 过去时间点，sth has changed a lot.（自从……，某事发生了很大变化） 2.变化描述进阶 The government has turned part of... into....（政府已经把…… 的一部分变成了……） The... is much + 比较级 than it was in the past.（…… 比过去…… 得多） It is impossible for sb to do sth now, but it was easy before.（现在某人做某事不可能了，但以前很容易） With the development of..., people’s life has improved.（随着…… 的发展，人们的生活改善了） Sth used to be... , but now it becomes....（某物过去是……，但现在变成了……） 3.时态运用核心 Sb has lived/worked in... since + 过去时间 / 从句.（自从……，某人就住在 / 工作在……） Has the town changed a lot over the years? Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t.（这些年城镇变化大吗？是的 / 不，不大） Sb moved to... in + 过去时间 and has lived there since then.（某人在…… 搬到……，从那以后就住在那里） I have never seen such a big shopping mall before.（我以前从没见过这么大的购物中心） Did there use to be a factory here? Yes, there did./No, there didn’t.（这里过去有工厂吗？是的 / 不，没有） 4.观点与感受表达 In some ways, life is better now.（在某些方面，现在的生活更好了） It is really nice to have a modern town.（有一个现代化的城镇真好） Sb feels a bit lonely from time to time.（某人时不时觉得有点孤独） It is important to take action to reduce pollution.（采取行动减少污染很重要） We are proud of the amazing changes in our hometown.（我们为家乡惊人的变化感到自豪） 5.细节补充拓展 There were only some small shops, and there was no theatre at all.（以前只有一些小商店，根本没有剧院） Later, the government realized the problem and tried to solve it.（后来，政府意识到问题并努力解决） Most of my old friends have moved away, so we can’t meet often.（我的大多数老朋友都搬走了，所以我们不能经常见面） The river was polluted because factories dumped waste into it.（河流被污染了，因为工厂把废料倒进里面） Now we have more parks, which makes our town more beautiful.（现在我们有更多公园，这让城镇更美丽了） 6.综合对比总结 Comparing the past and present, we can see great progress in...（对比过去和现在，我们能看到…… 的巨大进步） Although life is more convenient now, we miss the old days sometimes.（虽然现在生活更方便了，但我们有时怀念过去的日子） The changes in... show that our society is developing fast.（…… 的变化表明我们的社会在快速发展） From the interview, we learn about the history and development of...（从访谈中，我们了解到…… 的历史和发展） Both the past and present have their own advantages.（过去和现在都有各自的优点） 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据提示翻译句子。 1.多年来，阳光镇发生了巨大的变化。（take place） 2.我爷爷自从 1965 年就住在这个街区了。（since） 3.政府已经把旧工厂变成了一个公园。（turn...into...） 4.人们过去常常在这条河里游泳，但现在它太脏了。（used to） 5.虽然生活更现代化了，但他有时会感到孤独。（modern, lonely） 答案与解析： 1.Great changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the years. 解析：“发生巨大变化” 用固定搭配 “great changes take place”，“多年来” 是现在完成时标志 “over the years”，故谓语用 “have taken place”。 2.My grandpa has lived in this block since 1965. 解析：“自从 1965 年” 用 “since 1965”，主句需用现在完成时，“居住” 用延续性动词 “live”，故为 “has lived”。 3.The government has turned the old factory into a park. 解析：“把…… 变成……” 是 “turn...into...”，“已经” 提示现在完成时，主语 “government” 是单数，故用 “has turned”。 4.People used to swim in this river, but now it is too dirty. 解析：“过去常常做某事” 用 “used to do sth”，后接动词原形 “swim”，转折部分用一般现在时描述现状。 5.Although life is more modern, he feels a bit lonely from time to time. 解析：“虽然” 用 “although” 引导让步状语从句，“更现代化” 是 “more modern”，“感到孤独” 用 “feel lonely”，“有时” 用固定短语 “from time to time”。 （三）优化策略 1. 时间轴定位策略 核心操作：阅读时圈画 “in 1965”“now”“since 2000” 等时间标志词，以时间为轴梳理事件发展线，区分 “过去信息块” 与 “现在信息块”。 主题适配性：“Past and present” 主题的语篇多按时间逻辑展开，时间轴能快速破解 “时空交错” 的文本结构。 2. 对比表格梳理策略 核心操作：针对同一对象（如 “交通”“环境”“人际关系”），创建 “过去”“现在” 两列，从文本中提取关键词填入对应栏目，形成可视化对比。 主题适配性：该策略直击 “对比” 核心，帮助学生系统归纳变化维度，避免遗漏细节，尤其适用于记叙文和说明文中的今昔对比内容。 3. 时态差异辨析策略 核心操作：标注文本中一般过去时（描述过去完成的动作）、现在完成时（描述持续到现在的状态 / 影响）的动词形式，分析时态背后的 “时间属性”。 主题适配性：时态是区分 “过去” 与 “现在” 的语言载体，如 “moved”（过去搬）与 “has lived”（现在仍住）的差异，直接影响对 “变化持续性” 的理解。 案例分析：辨析 “I moved here in 1965”（1965 年的单次动作，已结束）与 “I have lived here since 1965”（从 1965 年持续到现在的状态），可准确把握 Mr. Chen 与城镇的情感联结。 4. 推理判断策略（基于对比细节） 核心操作：根据 “过去 - 现在” 的显性差异，推断隐性信息，如变化原因、作者态度、社会背景等，常用信号词为 “however”“because”“so”。 主题适配性：主题文本常隐含 “变化的复杂性”（如发展与失落并存），需通过推理挖掘深层含义，培养辩证思维。 案例分析：从 “old friends have moved away”（过去：常聚会；现在：难见面）和 “feel lonely”，可推断 “现代化带来人际关系疏远” 的隐性观点；从 “government turned factory into park”，可推断 “政府重视环保” 的社会背景。 ◇Part 03 阅读强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 1 When we think about 2050, it seems that it is far from now and it will be a totally different world. But in fact, it is just about 25 years from now and we can already know what will be possible to have by that time. Now, let’s have a look at some predictions about 2050 together. First, AI (人工智能) will bring more jobs in 2050. Many people worry about AI in our lives because they think robots will do all the jobs and we won’t have jobs. But according to (根据) a survey, AI will bring 2.3 million jobs and make only 1.8 million jobs disappear. Second, space travel will be possible in 2050. According to Business Insider, people can travel in space in 2050. But it will only be for wealthy people, because the travel to space will cost about 100 million dollars for just one week. Last, self-driving cars will make driving safer (更加安全的). Self-driving cars will make traffic-related (有关联的) deaths less possible and driving safer. And they can also bring changes (变化) in our lives, too. We will have more time for ourselves. Will all these come true? Perhaps the future is much nearer than we think. 1．What does the underlined word “wealthy” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Rich. B．Healthy. C．Successful. D．Outgoing. 2．What will your life be like in 2050 if you have a self-driving car? A．You can drive it to space. B．You can travel anywhere you want. C．You will drive it faster than usual cars. D．You will have more free time. 3．What will happen in the future according to the passage? A．AI will surely make robots do all the jobs for humans. B．Life in 50 years will be the same. C．Space travel may come true in 2050. D．Self-driving cars will make driving less safe. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Life in the Past B．Predictions for the Future C．Robots in the Future D．Problems in the Future 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要对2050年的生活进行了预测。 1．词句猜测题。根据“because the travel to space will cost about 100 million dollars for just one week.”可知，太空旅行一周要花费约1亿美元，费用高昂，所以推测只有“富有的”人才能进行太空旅行，“wealthy”意思是“富有的”，与“Rich”意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Self-driving cars will make traffic-related (有关联的) deaths less possible and driving safer. And they can also bring changes (变化) in our lives, too. We will have more time for ourselves.”可知，自动驾驶汽车会让我们的生活有变化，我们会拥有更多属于自己的时间，即会有更多空闲时间。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“According to Business Insider, people can travel in space in 2050.”可知，2050年太空旅行可能会实现。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Now, let’s have a look at some predictions about 2050 together.”可知本文主要对2050年的生活进行了预测，所以最佳标题是“Predictions for the Future”。故选B。 2 In the future, technology is advancing at an astonishing (惊人的) speed, which will bring about huge changes in our lives. One of the most remarkable advances is in artificial intelligence. Smart robots will become common in every household. They can handle various household chores, take care of the elderly and children, and even provide companionship. In the medical field, AI-assisted diagnosis (诊断) systems will be able to detect diseases with higher accuracy and offer more personalized treatment plans. The development of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will also transform our daily lives. We can use VR to travel to any place in the world without leaving home or experience historical events as if we were there. AR will be widely used in education, enabling students to learn in more vivid and interactive ways. Moreover, the Internet of Things will connect all kinds of devices, making our homes and cities smarter. For example, smart homes can automatically adjust the temperature, lighting, and security settings according to our preferences. In smart cities, traffic jams will be alleviated (减轻) through intelligent transportation systems. However, with the rapid development of technology, there will also be some challenges. For instance, the widespread use of automation may lead to job losses in some industries. Therefore, it is crucial for us to master science and technology from now on to better adapt to the future and make the most of the opportunities brought by technological progress. 1．What is one of the most remarkable advances in the future? A．The development of transportation. B．The improvement of education. C．The progress in artificial intelligence. D．The change of social structure. 2．How will smart robots help in the future? A．They will only do heavy work. B．They will handle all human tasks. C．They can take care of household chores and offer companionship. D．They will replace humans in all fields. 3．What is the challenge brought by the rapid development of technology? A．The decrease in people’s creativity. B．The breakdown of the Internet of Things. C．The increase in environmental pollution. D．The job losses in some industries. 4．Why is it important for us to master science and technology now? A．To make more money. B．To become famous. C．To better adapt to the future and seize opportunities. D．To compete with others. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是说明文。主要讲述了未来科技的飞速发展将给人们生活带来的巨大变化，包括人工智能、虚拟现实与增强现实、物联网等领域的进步，同时也提及了技术发展带来的挑战及应对建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of the most remarkable advances is in artificial intelligence.”可知，未来最显著的进步之一是人工智能的发展。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Smart robots will become common in every household. They can handle various household chores, take care of the elderly and children, and even provide companionship.”可知，智能机器人能处理家务、照顾老人和孩子，还能提供陪伴。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, with the rapid development of technology, there will also be some challenges. For instance, the widespread use of automation may lead to job losses in some industries.”可知，技术快速发展带来的挑战之一是部分行业的失业问题。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, it is crucial for us to master science and technology from now on to better adapt to the future and make the most of the opportunities brought by technological progress.”可知，现在掌握科学技术是为了更好地适应未来并抓住机遇。故选C。 3 When the clock turned one, a light appeared in the room. Scrooge jumped up from his bed, and found himself face to face with a ghost, the Ghost of Christmas Past. Scrooge looked at it with his eyes wide open. It was very strange. Its long hair was white like an old man’s, but there were no wrinkles on its face. It wore a white tunic (袍子). When the Ghost took Scrooge and flew towards the window of the second floor, he was afraid. “I’m a mortal (凡人),” said Scrooge, “I’ll fall.” The Ghost laid its hand on Scrooge’s heart and said, “You won’t fall!” As it spoke, they passed through the window. And they stood on a country road. “Good Heavens!” said Scrooge, as he looked around. “I grew up here. I was a boy here!” They walked along the road. And Scrooge remembered every tree and every gate. All these boys were happy and shouting to each other. A feeling of nostalgia filled his heart “They are only shadows (幻影),” said the Ghost. “They can’t see us.” Scrooge knew all the boys and he looked at them with smiles. They were all his classmates. But why was he so happy to see them? Why was he happy when they called Merry Christmas to each other? “The school is not quite empty,” said the Ghost. “One child is still there.” “I know,” said Scrooge with tears in his eyes. They soon came to a long, empty classroom. At one of the desks, a lonely boy was reading a book. Scrooge sat down on a bench and cried. He sat there for a long time. “I wish back then, I could just run out and enjoy the Christmas with my classmates,” Scrooge said, after drying his eyes with his sleeve, “but it’s too late now.” “What’s the matter?” asked the Ghost “Nothing,” said Scrooge. “There was a boy singing a Christmas carol (颂歌) at my door last night. I would like to give him some money now. But it’s too late.” —Adapted from A Christmas Carol 1．Which of the following sentences can we put the word “nostalgia” into? A．I really need some ________ to climb such a tall tree without protection B．Looking at my old toys and books brings me a sense of ________. C．When the mother saw Tom’s room in a mess, she got a feeling of ________. D．Everyone in the village showed ________ and helped old woman after the fire. 2．Who is the boy reading a book in the classroom? A．One of Scrooge’s classmates. B．The Ghost. C．The boy singing the Christmas carol. D．Scrooge himself. 3．Which of the following best shows Scrooge’s change of feeling? A．Happy→Surprised→Sad→Sorry B．Surprised→Sorry→Happy-Sad C．Happy→Sad→Surprised→Sorry D．Surprised→Happy→Sad→Sorry 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Scrooge’s Future Travel with the Ghost B．The Amazing Christmas of the Ghost C．Scrooge’s Meaningful Trip to the Past D．The Wonderful Christmas of Scrooge 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，改编自《圣诞颂歌》，讲述了斯克鲁奇在圣诞过去之灵的带领下，回到童年故乡和学校，回忆起往昔时光，内心从惊讶、快乐逐渐转变为悲伤与懊悔的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据原文“A feeling of nostalgia filled his heart”及上下文，斯克鲁奇回到童年成长的地方，看到熟悉的树木、大门和同学，心中涌起的是对过去的怀念之情。“nostalgia”意为“怀旧、思念”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“‘I know,’ said Scrooge with tears in his eyes.”及“a lonely boy was reading a book. Scrooge sat down on a bench and cried.”可知，斯克鲁奇看到教室里孤独读书的男孩时情绪激动，结合他对童年的回忆，可推断这个男孩就是童年时期的他自己。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据故事中斯克鲁奇的情绪变化：一开始见到幽灵时“eyes wide open”（惊讶）→回到故乡看到熟悉场景和同学时“with smiles”（快乐）→看到孤独读书的童年自己时“cried”（悲伤）→后悔当年没和同学过圣诞、没给颂歌男孩钱时“it’s too late now”（懊悔）。情绪变化顺序为“惊讶→快乐→悲伤→懊悔”。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。文章核心是斯克鲁奇在幽灵带领下回到过去，回忆童年经历并产生情感触动，这场回到过去的旅程对他意义重大。选项C“斯克鲁奇有意义的过去之旅”符合语境，故选C。 4 There won’t be much land, so there will be big cities underwater, and we will travel in submarines (潜艇). I want to live in an underwater house with glass walls. I will see fish swimming around! There will be many parks and enough green space because people will take the environment more seriously. People will live a happy and healthy life. Maybe people will have a much healthier diet and enjoy fresh food every day. I think computers will be very small in the future. We will put them in our clothes and use our voices to control them. We’ll meet our teachers and friends in a cool virtual (虚拟的) place to learn about the world. I think the Earth will become a cleaner place in the future because we will drive cars with the energy from the sun. What’s more, perhaps cars will be very fast, and some cars can even fly in the air. 1．Helen predicts that people will travel _________. A．by train B．by plane C．by ship D．by submarine 2．Who thinks we will use our voices to control computers? A．Helen. B．Bob. C．Jenny. D．Jim. 3．Jim believes the earth will become cleaner because people will _________. A．only eat healthy food B．live under the water C．use energy from the sun D．put computers in the clothes 4．The four kids are talking about _________. A．how fast cars will fly B．what the world will be like C．where people will get fresh food D．how much land there will be 5．Where is the text most probably from? A．A science book. B．A storybook. C．A cooking book. D．A travel book. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了四个孩子对未来世界的预测。 1．细节理解题。根据“There won’t be much land, so there will be big cities underwater, and we will travel in submarines (潜艇).”可知，Helen预测人们将乘坐潜艇旅行。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“I think computers will be very small in the future. We will put them in our clothes and use our voices to control them.”可知，Jenny认为我们将用声音控制电脑。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“I think the Earth will become a cleaner place in the future because we will drive cars with the energy from the sun.”可知，Jim认为地球会变得更干净是因为人们将使用太阳能驱动汽车。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了四个孩子对未来世界的预测，包括旅行方式、电脑使用、地球环境等方面。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕四个孩子对未来世界的预测展开，可能来自科学书。故选A。 5 Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have nicer cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses. Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket! Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a huge operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world. This may not happen. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video call. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio (空间音频). This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life. So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (影像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. 1．According to the passage, what might be the new invention that will change our lives? A．Smartphones. B．Cameras. C．Pockets. D．Smart glasses. 2．What are paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about? A．Where smart glasses could be used. B．When smart glasses might be made. C．Why smart glasses should be changed. D．How smart glasses would give directions. 3．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses? A．Bored. B．Uncertain. C．Satisfied. D．Confident. 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different ways to use smartphones. B．Smart glasses will be used in industry. C．Smart glasses will greatly change our lives. D．Why can’t we wear smart glasses at present? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了在智能手机发展陷入瓶颈的当下，有望极大改变人类生活的智能眼镜的应用场景、相关支持技术以及尚未普及的原因，并对其未来发展抱有信心。 1．细节理解题。根据“This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.”可知，下一个可能改变我们生活的新发明是智能眼镜。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen...And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!”和第三段“Smart glasses could also be used in industry.”可知，这两段主要介绍了智能眼镜的应用场景。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.”可知，作者认为随着科技的快速发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更早出现，由此可推断作者对智能眼镜的未来是有信心的。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据“This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.”以及全文对智能眼镜应用场景和发展前景的介绍可知，文章主要围绕智能眼镜将极大改变我们的生活展开。故选C。 6 In the future, cameras will be different from what we have now. One big change is their size. Cameras will become much smaller. They might be as small as a grain of rice. This small size will make it easy to carry them anywhere, like in your pocket or on your clothes. Another change is in their function. Future cameras will not only take pictures but also analyze what they see. For example, if you take a picture of a plant, the camera can tell you what kind of plant it is. They can also record 3D images, giving you a more real-life view of the things you capture. Finally, the way we share pictures will change. Cameras will be able to share pictures directly to our friends’ devices without using the Internet. This will make sharing photos faster and more convenient. 1．What will be the size of future cameras? A．As big as a phone. B．As small as a grain of rice. C．As large as a book. D．As thick as a wallet. 2．What new function will future cameras have? A．They can only take black-and-white pictures. B．They can analyze what they see. C．They can make videos but not take pictures. D．They can only record 2D images. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Future cameras will be too big to carry. B．Future cameras can’t take pictures. C．Future cameras will make sharing pictures more difficult. D．Future cameras will have new functions. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to use a camera. B．The history of cameras. C．The future development of cameras. D．The best cameras on the market. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了未来相机在尺寸、功能和照片分享方式三个方面将会发生的变化。 1．细节理解题。根据“Cameras will become much smaller. They might be as small as a grain of rice.”可知，未来的相机可能会和一粒米一样小。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Another change is in their function. Future cameras will not only take pictures but also analyze what they see.”可知，未来相机的新功能是可以分析它所拍摄到的内容。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Another change is in their function. Future cameras will not only take pictures but also analyze what they see. They can also record 3D images, giving you a more real-life view of the things you capture.”可知，未来的相机有新的功能。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“In the future, cameras will be different from what we have now. One big change is their size...Another change is in their function...Finally, the way we share pictures will change.”可知，文章主要介绍了未来相机在尺寸、功能和照片分享方式上的发展变化。故选C。 7 By the year 2100, we will live on Mars (火星). Here is what life will be like. First, our spaceships are too slow to take large numbers of people to Mars—it takes months. However, by 2100, spaceships can take us to get to Mars in two or three days! Second, people need food, water, and air to live. Because there is no soil (土壤) on Mars, scientists should be able to make many plants on Mars. ▲ However, can these plants give water to us? There is no answer now. Third, there is a problem for us to live on Mars. Mars attracts us much less than the Earth does. It isn’t a good thing for us because we could easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space. To stop this, humans on Mars have to wear special shoes to make themselves heavier. Last, life on Mars will be better because there will be no school. Every student will have a computer at home. It is connected to the Internet. They can study, do their homework, and do exercise in the online schools. However, life on Mars may not be better than that on the Earth today. Food will not be as delicious as it is today. Also, space travels will make many people feel bad. 1．How will the space travel to Mars by 2100 be? A．Much less comfortable than now. B．Much more comfortable than now. C．Much slower than now. D．Much faster than now. 2．Which of the following is right for “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．No animals will live there. B．They will get light from the sun. C．They will give us food and air. D．They will change the temperature there. 3．What does the underlined word “attracts” possibly mean? A．Pulls. B．Pushes. C．Gives. D．Misses. 4．Why does the writer say life on Mars will be better? A．Because the food will be more delicious there. B．Because students will attend online schools there. C．Because people will enjoy space travels. D．Because all the computers will be connected to the Internet. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How Will People Travel to Mars? B．What Will the Life Be Like on Mars? C．When Will All People Live on Mars? D．Where Will People Live in the Future? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了到2100年人类在火星上的生活情况，包括交通、食物、居住面临的问题以及教育等方面，同时指出火星生活虽有优势但也存在不如地球生活的地方。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, by 2100, spaceships can take us to get to Mars in two or three days!”可知，到2100年，宇宙飞船能在两三天内带我们到达火星，相比现在需要数月的时间，速度会快得多。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“people need food, water, and air to live. Because there is no soil on Mars, scientists should be able to make many plants on Mars.”以及后文“However, can these plants give water to us?”可知，人们生存需要食物、水和空气，火星没有土壤，科学家能在火星种植物，且后文询问植物能否给我们水，由此可推断出这些植物能给我们提供食物和空气。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Mars attracts us much less than the earth does. It isn’t a good thing for us because we could easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space.”可知，火星对我们的吸引力比地球小得多，这对我们不是好事，因为我们很容易跳得太高然后慢慢飞向太空，由此可推断出“attracts”意思是“吸引”，“Pulls”（拉）与“吸引”意思相近。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Last, life on Mars will be better because there will be no school. Every student will have a computer at home. It is connected to the Internet. They can study, do their homework, and do exercise in the online schools.”可知，作者说火星上的生活会更好是因为没有学校，学生可以在家通过联网的电脑在网上学校学习、做作业和锻炼。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕到2100年人类在火星上的生活情况展开，介绍了火星生活的各个方面，所以最佳标题是“What Will the Life Be Like on Mars?”。故选B。 8 Over the past fifty years, my hometown has changed a lot. In the past, there were only muddy roads and very few cars. People mostly walked or rode bicycles to get around. Now the roads are much wider and far busier than before, filled with cars, buses, and motorcycles day and night. The buildings have also changed. Fifty years ago, most buildings were short, simple, and made of brick or wood. Today, they are much taller and more modern, with glass and steel structures everywhere. The environment (环境) has changed too. The air was fresher and cleaner before, but now it is more polluted because of the growing number of factories and cars. However, people are trying to plant more trees and build parks to make the city greener and healthier. There are also more fun and convenient places now. We have a huge new shopping mall which is larger, brighter, and more exciting than the old market. Young people think life is more interesting and convenient now because there are more activities and things to do. But some old people still remember the past and say life was simpler, quieter, and more peaceful back then. 1．How did people mainly travel in the past? A．By car and bus. B．By motorcycle. C．By walking or bicycle. D．By train. 2．In the third paragraph, the underlined word “polluted” means: A．Fresh and clean. B．Dirty and harmful. C．Modern and convenient. D．Simple and peaceful. 3．Why do some old people prefer life in the past? A．Because there were more shopping malls. B．Because the air was cleaner and life was quieter. C．Because there were more factories and cars. D．Because buildings were taller and more modern. 4．What are people doing to improve the environment now? A．Building more factories. B．Making roads wider. C．Planting more trees and building parks. D．Driving more cars. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The hometown has not changed at all. B．The changes have only brought problems. C．The hometown has changed with both good and bad sides. D．Only young people like the changes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者家乡过去50年的变化，包括交通、建筑、环境等方面的对比。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“People mostly walked or rode bicycles to get around.”可知，过去人们的主要出行方式是步行或骑自行车。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The air was fresher and cleaner before, but now it is more polluted because of the growing number of factories and cars.”可知，前后句是转折关系，结合选项可推知，此处应表示以前的空气更清新、更干净，但现在由于工厂和汽车的增加，空气变得污浊且有害。因此，polluted意为dirty and harmful“肮脏且有害的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The air was fresher and cleaner before”和最后一段“But some old people still remember the past and say life was simpler, quieter, and more peaceful back then.”可推知，老人更喜欢过去的生活是因为那时的空气更干净，生活更宁静。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, people are trying to plant more trees and build parks to make the city greener and healthier.”可知，人们现在通过植树和建公园来改善环境。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。全文通过对比过去和现在的交通、建筑、环境等方面，说明家乡的变化既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。因此，选项C“家乡的变化有好有坏”符合主旨。故选C。 9 Last summer, 12-year-old Lila visited her grandpa’s old workshop. It had old tools, a small window that let in sunlight, and a wooden shelf with dusty jars of nails (钉子). There, under a loose (松动的) floorboard, she found a yellowed notebook with strange marks—“I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ” next to her grandpa’s tool list. “What do these mean?” Lila asked, holding the notebook up and leaning (凑近) closer to her grandpa. Grandpa smiled and sat her down on a wooden chair by the window. “Long ago, people didn’t use 1, 2, 3 like we do now. The Romans made those marks—they’re called Roman numerals. I learned them when I was 10, to count nails and wood for my dad’s small shop.” He pointed to the notebook: “‘V’ stands for 5, ‘X’ for 10. See? I wrote ‘XII’ next to the hammers—that meant 12 hammers total.” Lila’s eyes lit up brightly. Grandpa took out a 60-year-old ruler with Roman numerals on it. “Back then, we used them to measure wood lengths for tables. But they’re tricky—you can’t add or subtract (减) easily. Later, Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3) came. They’re simpler, so everyone started using them more.” That day, Lila copied 10 Roman numerals in her notebook carefully. Now, whenever she sees “XII” on a clock, she thinks of grandpa’s story—and how numbers once changed to make life easier. 1．When did Lila’s grandpa learn Roman numerals? A．When he was 10 years old. B．When he started working in the workshop. C．When Lila visited him last summer. D．When he bought the 60-year-old ruler. 2．What does the underlined word “tricky” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Easy to learn. B．Difficult to use. C．Fun to practice. D．Important to remember. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Lila will stop using Arabic numerals after the visit. B．Roman numerals are no longer used in any way today. C．Lila’s grandpa used Roman numerals in his work before. D．Arabic numerals were invented by Lila’s grandpa’s dad. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How Lila helped her grandpa clean the old workshop. B．How Lila learned about Roman numerals from her grandpa. C．Why Arabic numerals are used in modern clocks. D．Why Lila’s grandpa liked collecting old notebooks. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的Lila在爷爷的旧工作坊中发现了一本记录罗马数字的笔记本，并通过爷爷的讲解了解了罗马数字的历史和用途。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I learned them when I was 10”可知，爷爷是在10岁时学习的罗马数字。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“they’re tricky—you can’t add or subtract easily”可推知，罗马数字的加减运算不便捷，因此使用起来不方便。“tricky”意为“难以使用的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“I wrote ‘XII’ next to the hammers—that meant 12 hammers total.”和第三段“Grandpa took out a 60-year-old ruler with Roman numerals on it. ‘Back then, we used them to measure wood lengths for tables...’”可知，爷爷曾用罗马数字记录工具数量，并用刻有罗马数字的尺子测量木材长度。由此推知，爷爷过去在工作中使用过罗马数字。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕Lila通过爷爷的讲解学习罗马数字的经历展开，重点描述了她从发现笔记本到理解罗马数字的过程。因此，本文的主旨是“Lila如何从爷爷那里学习罗马数字”。故选B。 10 What will people be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that they will be different from what they are today, for people are slowly changing all the time. Now look at the chart below, and you’ll find some differences. Body part Changes Reasons Height Grow taller About 3 inches taller than 5,000 years ago Head Larger People use brains more and more Eyes Grow stronger People pay attention to protecting eyes Arms and legs Grow weaker Used less Fingers Grow more sensitive (灵敏的) Used a great deal in modern life Hair Disappear Does not serve a useful purpose any longer Perhaps all this gives the impression that future people will not be a very attractive creature (生物) to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future people will still have a lot in common with us. They will still be human beings, with thoughts and emotions (情感) similar to ours. 1．The height of people will ________ in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now. A．grow shorter B．steady C．grow taller D．disappear 2．The reason for believing that future people will be different is that people ________. A．began to change five hundred years ago B．never stop changing C．stop changing D．have recently begun to change 3．People’s heads will grow larger. This is because their brains will ________. A．grow faster than at present B．not be used C．play an important part D．be used more and more 4．People use fingers a great deal in modern life, so in the future people’s fingers will grow ________. A．shorter B．thicker C．longer D．more sensitive 5．Future people’s hair will ________. A．grow darker B．disappear C．stop growing completely D．grow longer 6．Future people will probably ________. A．have stronger eyes B．have weaker eyes C．have one eye D．have to wear better glasses 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 【解析】本文中作者大胆猜测了一下在未来人可能是什么样子的，并给出表格对未来的人可能发生的变化及其原因做出了介绍，但无论怎么变化，未来的人还是有思想有情感的人类。 1．细节理解题。根据表格中“Height”和“Grow taller”可知，五千年后，甚至五万年后人们将长得更高。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“…but we can be sure that they will be different from what they are today, for people are slowly changing all the time”可知，我们确信未来的人会变得不同是因为人一直在缓慢地变化，即从未停止变化。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据表格中“Head”，“Larger”和“People use brains more and more”可知，人的头会变得更大是因为大脑被越来越多地使用。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据表格中“Fingers”，“Grow more sensitive”和“Used a great deal in modern life”可知，人在现代生活中频繁使用手指，会使未来的人的手指变得更灵敏。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据表格中“Hair”和“Disappear”可知，未来的人的头发将会消失。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据表格中“Eyes”和“Grow stronger”可知，未来的人将可能有更强的眼睛。故选A。 11 ①Looking back at my childhood, one thing I will never forget is an old pickle jar (泡菜坛). The jar wasn’t a treasure, but it held so many special moments with my dad. ②The pickle jar was in my parents’ bedroom. Every night, Dad would drop his coins into the jar. When the jar was full, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and put the coins into wrappers (包装纸) before taking them to the bank. This was a special event. ③Every time we went to the bank, Dad would say, “Those coins are going to keep you out of the factory, son.” After depositing the coins, we would celebrate with ice cream. I always chose chocolate and Dad chose milk. Dad showed me the coins in his hand after the seller gave him change. “When we get home, we’ll start filling the jar again,” he said excitedly. He always let me drop the first coins into the empty jar. “You’ll get to college with them,” he said. ④Years later, I finished college and moved to another town for work. During a visit home, I noticed the pickle jar disappeared. It already finished its job. ⑤Although the pickle jar can’t be found anywhere now, its meaning always stays with me. It taught me about hard work and family love. Dad never said many big words, but this little jar told me everything. I’ll always keep this memory in my heart. 1．What did the writer’s dad usually do every night? A．He made pickles at home. B．He went to the bank near their home. C．He put his coins into a pickle jar. D．He bought ice cream for the writer. 2．What does the underlined word “depositing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．saving B．throwing C．spending D．wasting 3．According to the writer, how did his father teach him important lessons? A．By setting an example. B．By giving long talks. C．By visiting him every week. D．By making him work at a factory. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is probably the best title for this passage? A．Lessons from a Pickle Jar B．Lessons from Coins C．Skills on How to Make Money D．Skills on How to Talk with Dad 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文为记叙文，作者通过回忆童年时与父亲及那只“泡菜坛”的故事，表达了对父亲勤劳与爱的感激，以及从中学到的奋斗与家庭价值观。 1．细节理解题。根据“Every night, Dad would drop his coins into the jar.”可知，爸爸每天晚上都会把硬币放进泡菜坛。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“Dad would sit at the kitchen table and put the coins into wrappers before taking them to the bank.”可知，此处指把钱存入银行，划线部分单词与saving“储蓄，攒钱”意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Dad never said many big words, but this little jar told me everything.”可知，父亲用行动而不是语言教会了作者勤劳与爱。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。本文第一段引出泡菜坛的故事，第二至四段讲述具体经历，最后一段总结意义，C项结构符合题意。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章通过一只“泡菜坛”讲述父亲教会作者的生活与奋斗的道理，因此标题应为“Lessons from a Pickle Jar”。故选A。 12 You may already see robots (机器人) in some restaurants. They are about the size of a child. They can welcome people and guide them to their tables. They serve food and drinks and bring dirty dishes back to the kitchen. Some have cat-like faces and even make noises when you touch their heads. But are robot waiters the future (将来)? Robot waiters are useful. They can do the jobs as humans do. In the US, there were 15 million people working in the restaurants at the end of last year according to the National Restaurant Association. But many of the restaurant owners said they didn’t have enough workers. Robot waiters can also help save money. A restaurant owner said a robot costs around ¥15,000, but a person costs ¥5,000 to ¥6,000 per month. And the cost of human workers will continue (继续) to rise, but technology (科技) costs will fall. The robots are increasing quickly. Sales of robots have been growing in these years. For example, a company called Pudu Robotics in Shenzhen, China, has sold more than 56,000 robots around the world. There are tens of thousands of robots now moving through eating places around the world. For example, Pizza Hut has robot waiters in 1,000 restaurants in China. Some people think robot waiters are the future and they are well accepted (接受) by people. Some think robot waiters still have a long way to go before they can take the place (代替) of humans. They cannot take orders. And they cannot walk up steps to different areas of a restaurant. The others think the robot can never take the place of humans. People go to the restaurant to have the experience of being served by a human but not a robot. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By showing opinions. B．By making comparisons (对比). C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 2．What do we know about robot waiters? A．There are 15 million robots working in the restaurants around the world. B．The American restaurant owners think robots cost too much. C．There are robot waiters working in many restaurants in China. D．The robot can take the place of humans for sure. 3．What does the underlined word “increasing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Getting more and more. B．Getting stronger and stronger. C．Getting bigger and bigger. D．Getting less and less. 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Are robot waiters the future? B．Are robot waiters better than humans? C．Will people have robots in restaurants? D．Can robot waiters do everything for us? 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文主要讨论了机器人服务员在餐厅的应用现状及其未来发展前景，并对比了机器人与人类服务员的优缺点。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But are robot waiters the future?”可知，作者以提问的方式开篇。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Pizza Hut has robot waiters in 1,000 restaurants in China.”可知，中国许多餐厅已使用机器人服务员。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Sales of robots have been growing in these years.”可知近年来机器人销量持续增长，可推知“increasing”意为“越来越多”。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕“机器人服务员是否是未来”展开讨论，首段末句直接点题，后文从实用性、成本、技术发展及争议等方面分析。故选A。 13 My school life is a learning experience for sure. It gives me trust and fun. Most importantly, I have got a lot of knowledge and life skills. For me, my school life gives me many joys in life. Till now I have been a student at my school for nine years. For me, it has been an amazing golden age. It is like the happiest dream. Here I began to learn the alphabet and now can use different ways to solve problems. I can never forget the warm welcome on the first day when I came to this school to study. It decides why my life at school is so important to me. My life at school makes me learn something new almost every day. It helps me to get an understanding of knowledge. Besides this, it helps me to succeed not only in my studies but also in activities. In the past, I also made a lot of mistakes. During my school days, I can remember how naive (无经验的) I was. Yet thanks to my friends and teachers, I corrected my mistakes and kept on studying hard. That is how I found the real meaning of love from school life. In my mind, their words are still ringing. I still remember my friends and me sharing lunch during the lunch break, playing basketball on the court, taking part in different activities, and of course, taking the short trips. Now that I look back, it is no less than a fairy tale. I entered my school crying, not wanting to let go of my mother’s hand, scared of the new place and new people. And now I leave it crying, scared of leaving that place, those friends and teachers. 1．What does the writer get from school life? A．Only knowledge. B．Nothing. C．Only fun. D．Knowledge and life skills. 2．Why is school life important to the writer? A．Because of the warm welcome on the first day. B．Because of the difficult exams. C．Because of the many mistakes. D．Because of the long trips. 3．What’s the correct order according to the writer’s experiences? a. He shared lunch with friends.     b. He cried when entering school. c. He learned to solve problems.      d. He corrected mistakes with help. A．b-c-d-a B．a-c-b-d C．d-a-c-b D．d-c-b-a 4．What is the best title for this text? A．Interesting Students’ Activities. B．Unforgettable School Life. C．Weekly Life of a School Student. D．Important School Activities. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文作者讲述了自己难忘的学校生活，包括在学校获得的知识、技能，以及在校期间的成长经历和珍贵回忆。 1．细节理解题。根据“Most importantly, I have got a lot of knowledge and life skills.”可知，作者从学校生活中获得了知识和生活技能。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“I can never forget the warm welcome on the first day when I came to this school to study. It decides why my life at school is so important to me.”可知，是因为入学第一天的热烈欢迎，学校生活对作者很重要。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章内容，作者入学时哭泣（b）→ 学习解决问题（c）→ 在他人帮助下改正错误（d）→ 和朋友分享午餐（a），顺序为b-c-d-a。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕作者难忘的学校生活展开，讲述了在校的成长、回忆等，所以最佳标题是“Unforgettable School Life”。故选B。 14 With the development (发展) of technology (科技), education is changing. The classroom of the future will not be the same as the classroom of today. So what will the future classroom be like? Let’s try to find it out. There will be no blackboard in the classroom. Students will take classes by looking at their touch-screen (触摸屏的) desks. And doing homework, writing down notes, and taking tests will be just a click away (点击鼠标即可). The walls of the classroom will also be full of screens. In the coming years, students and teachers will not be studying face-to-face at school. Teachers and students can get into a virtual classroom, but in real life, they may be sitting on the sofa at home. The experience will be like being in a real classroom. Students can also “visit” historical places, see the geography of the planet, “travel” around the world, and much more. Future classrooms will bring students different learning methods. Each student can choose a learning method that they are interested in. This will help students learn faster and get better grades. 1．What might happen according to the second paragraph? A．Students won’t need to take classes. B．There will be no desks in the classroom. C．Students won’t need to do their homework. D．There will be no blackboard in the classroom. 2．What does the underlined word “virtual” mean in the third paragraph? A．虚拟的 B．真实的 C．自然的 D．特殊的 3．What can students do in the future classroom? ①sit on the bed ②“visit” historical places ③see the geography of the planet ④“travel” around the world A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了未来教室的样子，包括教室的设施、教学方式以及对学生学习的影响等。 1．细节理解题。根据“There will be no blackboard in the classroom.”可知，未来教室里将没有黑板。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Teachers and students can get into a virtual classroom, but in real life, they may be sitting on the sofa at home.”可知，在现实生活中，他们可能坐在家里的沙发上，结合转折词but可推测出，前面说的是在虚拟教室中，所以“virtual”意思是“虚拟的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Students can also ‘visit’ historical places, see the geography of the planet, ‘travel’ around the world, and much more.”可知，学生们在未来的教室里可以“参观”历史遗迹，了解地球地理，“环游”世界，②③④符合题意。故选C。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $