UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 教材原文助读7-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教用word（人教版）

该高中英语Unit4“历史与传统”知识清单系统梳理了主题相关的词汇、短语、语法及语篇知识。从基础词汇（如puzzle, currency）、核心短语（如break away from, belong to）到语法结构（如what引导宾语从句、动词-ing作主语），再通过语篇“WHAT'S IN A NAME?”整合应用，构建从语言知识到文化理解的学习支架。 知识链路以“名称含义之谜”为线索，串联词汇语法与历史文化，特色在于语言能力与文化意识的融合。词汇标注词性、搭配及拓展（如puzzle的多词性），语法附实例解析（如非限制性定语从句），语篇通过英国历史演变培养跨文化认知，助力学生提升语言理解表达能力与思维分析能力。

UNIT4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 教材原文助读7 ①be confused by 对……感到困惑　 ②if any如果有的话 if so如果这/那样的话 ③a little bit 一点儿 ④puzzle ['pʌzl] n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑　 solve a puzzle 解决难题 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 ⑤nearby [ˌnIə'baI] adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 ⑥Wales [weIlz] 威尔士(英国) ⑦join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人一起做某事 ⑧Scotland ['skɒtˌlənd] 苏格兰(英国) ⑨add v．增加，增添 ⑩break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 ⑪result in 导致 result from 由于 ⑫Northern Ireland [ˌnɔːðn　'aIələnd] 北爱尔兰(英国) ⑬shorten vt.缩短 ⑭refer to...as...把…… 称为…… ⑮belong to 属于 belong [bI'lɒŋ] vi.应在(某处)；适应 ⑯area n．[熟词生义]领域，方面 field n．领域 ⑰as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 ⑱currency ['kʌrənsi] n. 通货；货币 ⑲military ['mIlətri] adj. 军事的；军用的 ⑳defence [dI'fens] n.防御；保卫 ㉑education system 教育体制 ㉒legal['liːɡl] adj.法律的；合法的　 illegal adj.不合法的；非法的　 illegally adv.不合法地；非法地　 ㉓surround [sə'raʊnd] vt. 围绕；包围 be surrounded by 被……包围 ㉔evidence ['evIdəns] n. 证据；证明 ㉕take over 接管，掌管 ㉖throughout prep.贯穿，遍及 ㉗Roman ['rəʊmən] adj. 古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民 ㉘Anglo-Saxon [ˌæŋɡləʊ'sæksn] 盎格鲁—撒克逊人 ㉙the English language 英语 the Chinese language 汉语 ㉚Viking['vaIkIŋ] n．维京人；北欧海盗 ㉛leave behind留下 ㉜location [ləʊ'keIʃn] n. 地方；地点；位置 ㉝the Normans ['nɔːmənz] 诺曼人 Norman ['nɔːmən] adj. 诺曼式的；诺曼人的 ㉞conquer ['kɒŋkə(r)] vt. 占领；征服；控制 ㉟battle ['bætl] n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 Battle of Hastings ['heIstIŋz]黑斯廷斯战役 ㊱make changes 进行变更； 做出改变 ㊲enter into...成为……的一部分；进入…… ㊳port [pɔːt] n．港口(城市) ㊴all the way 一直 ㊵date back to 追溯至，起源于(＝date from) ㊶all over the UK 全英国 all over China 全中国 ㊷fascinating ['fæsIneItIŋ] adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 ㊸keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 ㊹be surprised to do sth.很惊 奇地做某事 WHAT'S IN A NAME? The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by① [1]what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, [2]if any②？ [3]Getting to know a little bit③ about British history will help you solve this puzzle④． [1]此处是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作mean的宾语。 [2]此处是if条件状语从句的省略形式。 [3]此处是动词-ing短语作主语。 In the 16th century, the nearby⑤ country of Wales⑥ was joined to⑦ the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland⑧ was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK, [4]which resulted in⑪ the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland⑫. Most people just use the shortened⑬ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as⑭ Britain or Great Britain. [4]此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。其中“we have today”是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰the full name。 The four countries [5]that belong to⑮ the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑯. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as⑰ share the same currency⑱ and military⑲ defence⑳. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems㉑ and legal㉒ systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup！　 [5]此处是that引导的定语从句，修饰The four countries，that在从句中作主语。 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded㉓ by evidence㉔ of four different groups of people who took over㉕ at different times throughout㉖ history. The first group, [6]the Romans㉗， came in the first century. They built the first towns and good roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons㉘ arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language㉙， and changed the way [7]people built houses. The Vikings㉚ came in the eighth century and left behind㉛ lots of new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations㉜ across the UK. The last group were the Normans㉝. They conquered㉞ England after the well-known Battle㉟ of Hastings in the 11th century. They [8]had castles built all around England, and made changes㊱ to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into㊲ the English language. [6]此处作The first group的同位语。 [7]此处是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way，that或in which在从句中作方式状语。 [8]此处是“have sth. done”结构，意为“让某事被做”。 　[9]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. [10]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port㊳ city that has a history dating all the way㊴ back to㊵ Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK㊶. The UK is a fascinating㊷ mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open㊸， you will be surprised to㊹ find that you can see both its past and its present.[9]此处是“There be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。 [10]Studying the history of the country是动词-ing短语作主语；make your visit much more enjoyable是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 名为何物？ 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是什么意思，许多人对此感到困惑。那么，如果有(区别)的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，这使我们今天有了英国的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“the United Kingdom”或“the UK”。来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这表明联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。他们使用同一面国旗，即联合王国国旗，并且使用同样的货币，共享军事防御。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，参加像世界杯之类的赛事！ 联合王国历史源远流长、别有趣味，探索其历史可以帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们建设了第一批城镇并修建了良好的道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国，他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个族群是诺曼人。在公元十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在英国各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，因此许多法语单词慢慢成了英语的一部分。 英国的历史文化引人入胜，还有很多值得学习的东西。学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。首都伦敦就是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。伦敦市内可供游览的历史遗迹数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的古文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以同时看到它的过去和现在。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $