UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE 博览万象·融会中西之文化通览-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教用word（人教版）

亲爱的同学们，欢迎来到品读经典探索语言之名著赏析。今天我们要赏析的章节是into the primitive，节选自著名的小说野性的呼唤，the call of the wild. 因为buck从来不读新闻报纸，所以他并不知道there was trouble ahead。这里trouble指的是麻烦，也可以指灾难。这种灾难不仅是对buck而言，而是对任何狗with strong muscles and warm long hair，只要比较强壮，而且拥有长长的毛发，都是一种灾难。为什么呢？因为人们found a yellow metal in the arctic darkness。这里的yellow metal很明显指的是黄金，整个故事发生的背景也就是在淘金潮中著名的the gold rush。既然发现了黄金，所以很多人rush there，冲到那里去，they want to make fortune, 想发财。那么为了运输，他们就需要强壮的狗，只要是长毛的强壮狗，都会成为他们理想的运输工具。巴克本的生活是非常幸福的。Buck lived a big house in Sunny valley in california, which was owned by judge Miller. 这里位置引导的是定语从句，buck本身他是那里的国王，因为buck was neither house dog，no carne dog, 整个他家的土地，整个法官家的土地都属于buck。所以buck was a king，king over the creeping polling and things of judge Miller, land's human included, 包括所有的家人都属于巴克来统治的。所以我们看得出来，巴克本身他在judge Miller家庭地位是非常高的。因为他的父亲，his father elmo本身是一个非常大的猎犬，had been the judges inseparable company。是法官不可或缺的、难以分割的小伙伴。当他的父亲去世了，back took his father's place, 他代替了他的父亲。他虽然没有那么大，但是他一样也是法官的最爱。He had had a good life, and he was proud of himself. 他很以自己为好，for he had not become house dog for在这里表示的是原因，buck也参与到这个家庭的很多活动，hunting and other outdoor activities had harden his muscle. 这些户外活动强化了他肌肉，and swimming had made healthy, 他又游泳让他更加的健壮。对巴克来说，1897年就是个转折，后面问引导的是定语从句。Win the discovery gold in on deck. 很明显在克朗代克，也就是北极附近发现了黄金。很多人都涌入到frozen north这片冻土上来寻找黄金，来寻找自己的发财梦。Buck did not read newspaper and know that menu menu. 这是一个人物，后面接着用同位语来解释他他是园丁的帮手之一，他不是一个好人，因为他本身是一个赌徒。有一天当judge was away on business，judge本身不在家，还有他的儿子were busy with athletic club menu，did something terrible. 他做了一件可怕的事情，怎么可怕呢？我们来看一看。No one saw him a bug. Go off on what back thought was a walk. 这里what引导的是一个宾语从句。Back本身以为只是散步而已，但实际上menu带他到了railway station，接着这个where引导定语从句。什么样的railway station呢？We are manual sot back to a man who was waiting for him. Menu把buck售卖了。Menu一开始是porter rope run box neck，一开始在bug博上套了绳子bug刚开始并没有反抗，印太了解他，但是。When the room was given to another man, 绳子交给另外一个人，he Brown dangerously, 他开始危险的咆哮起来。但是那个人他肯定也不是吃素的，所以when the road was tighten，round his neck, tighten是tight加in后缀变成动词收紧的意思。He started to choke. 那么你想想，绳子绑在脖子上如果收紧的话，肯定会感到窒息的。但是bug肯定不会干预别人的摆布。So he jumped man in anger, 愤怒的扑向这个人。这个人也和bug做了一个搏斗，first the back to lie on his back. 而且把buck弄倒在地，让他躺在地上and tighten the rope even more，又一次收紧了绳子。But can never been treated so badly in his life. 我们都知道巴克生活的很幸福，他从来没有受过这样恶狠狠的待遇，所以he had never been so angry，这是强调他从来没有如此愤怒过。That he strange dream away, and he soon become unconscious. 但是我们都知道绳子勒在脖子上，勒的太紧的话，很明显那你就会晕倒。所以他力气全部被抽走了，很快变得昏迷不醒。When he woke up, he heard the whistle blow. 我们都知道听到声汽笛声那么大可见多识广，他立刻知道他是在火车上，他睁开眼睛了。He was filled with a full anger of a king napped king. 这时候他非常愤怒，真的就像一个被绑架的国王一样。这个人jumped for the rope，but buck was too quick for him. 那个人也反应过来，立刻赶快去抓绳子，但是bug反应非常迅速。He close IT is on the man's hand and held on until of the choke, unconscious again. 这一次他紧紧的把牙齿咬住那个人手，直到他又一次被窒息到昏迷。这里choke。大家来看，你可以想一下这个绳子收紧的状态是多么痛。晚些的时候，这个人进了san Francisco的一个酒吧，他是什么状态呢？大家来看，这是一个独立组阁的结构。His hand rift in bloody hunca手被一个血淋淋手帕包裹着，肯定受伤了。And is right. Try leg, tom from me at uncle. 右腿的裤子也从膝盖一直撕裂到脚踝。我们来看bug还是非常勇猛的，他已经尽自己最大的努力来进行反抗了。Back是什么状态呢？Back was based with horrible pins in his through, now his home. 你想想反复的被勒紧脖子窒息过去，buck肯定非常痛苦。为了把绳子砍断，他们也是尝试了好几次。这首buck choked repeatedly，反复感到了窒息，最终the rope was removed and he was opposed into a cage。Bug被推到笼子里，然后这一夜bug躺在那里feeling angry。这里动残疾形式做的是一个状语，而且最让bug困扰的是他不理解这到底是为了什么，那么这些人想做什么呢？Why were they keeping him in this small box? 为什么留着他呢？He felt to worried that something bad was going to happen to him soon. 他感到很担心，肯定他身上发生一些不好的事情。Buck的感觉是对的。He jumped several times in the night, is back to see the judge or his son coming. Buck夜里跳起来好几次，希望能见到法官或者他儿子们，但是每次都非常失望。Bug辗转了几次，最终到达了一个railway station。接着we引导式定语从句when he was put on expression，被放上了高速火车，两天两夜，巴克一直向北行进着。Without fold and drink, 所以这时候buck was desperate for drink。他非常想得到一杯水to is swaling through成汤能够缓解一下他肿胀的喉咙和舌头。His anger would be direct against the first person who try to hurt him. 这时候他想了，只要有敌人想要伤害他他会把怒气撒在他的身上。而且这时候bug的面貌也变了。His eyes became red and he changed into a region devil眼睛变红了，他变成一个愤怒的魔鬼，接着描写如何愤怒的呢？He was so changed that. So that表示如此，以至于它变化如此之大，以至于就是法官来了would not ever recognized him，也不会认出他来的。好，今天的赏析到此为止，thank you for listening. 文化与传说 【高频词汇】 1．myth n.　　　　　　　　　 神话 2．goddess n. 女神 3．perception n. 感知 4．inspiration n. 灵感 5．clay n. 黏土 6．endow v. 赋予 7．vitality n. 活力 8．reproduction n. 繁殖；复制 9．inheritance n. 传承；遗产 10．parenting responsibility 养育责任 11．magical power 魔力 12．give life 赋予生命 13．family ties 家庭纽带 14．The Classic of Mountains and Seas 《山海经》 【话题佳句】 1．Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. 我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极且成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。 2．It was here that he wrote many of his best poems, such as Reflections on the Ancient Red Cliff—To the Tune of Nian Nu Jiao. In this poem, he expressed his admiration for some heroic figures, and described his aspirations and sorrows. 正是在这里，他创作了许多脍炙人口的诗篇，比如《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》。在这首词中，他表达了对一些英雄人物的钦佩之情，并倾诉了自己的抱负与忧愁。 3．Perhaps one of the most famous sayings in China is，“To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.” Written by Fan Zhongyan, this 11th century proverb provides a goal for all Chinese government officials to aspire to. 或许在中国，最著名的格言之一便是：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。”这句名言出自范仲淹，创作于11世纪，它为所有中国官员树立了一个追求的目标。 Nüwa, one of the most important goddesses in ancient Chinese mythology, 1.is_recorded(record) in many classical texts including The Classic of Mountains and Seas and Questions of Heaven(《天问》). With a beautiful human face and a snake's body, she possesses the magical power 2.to_transform(transform) herself at will. While 3.traveling(travel) through the newly created world, Nüwa marveled at its breathtaking beauty. However, 4.despite this vibrant scenery, she felt something profound was missing. Gazing thoughtfully at her reflection in a flowing river, she suddenly realized 5.what the empty world needed: intelligent, emotional creatures like herself who could appreciate its wonders. Using the cool, sticky yellow clay from the riverbank, Nüwa first molded the first human figure's head, arms and chest like her own, 6.but hesitated over the lower body, considering various animal 7.features(feature). Eventually, she wisely decided to create legs instead of fins or scales to allow for greater mobility on land and in water. She then 8.gently(gentle) breathed life into her creation, and soon the first human laughed joyfully, its voice echoing across the primitive world. To populate the vast world more efficiently, the smart Nüwa developed a clever method. She selected reeds (芦苇), dipped them into rich river mud, and expertly threw the drops of mud on the ground, which became humans. Then for 9.their(they) sustainable future, she divided them into male and female, while patiently instructing them about marriage, childbearing and parenting responsibilities. The enduring story of Nüwa not only poetically explains 10.how human beings came into existence, but also profoundly reflects traditional Chinese values regarding family continuity and social harmony. Her legacy continues to inspire people to cherish life and maintain balance with nature. The Science of Celebration Adapted from Brainspace 2023.12 Birthdays, holidays, achievements and milestones: there is no shortage of reasons or occasions for people around the world to get together and celebrate. What we celebrate and how we celebrate may differ but most of us can agree that it is important for us to do so. Celebration can take different forms, but it tends to be a break from the usual routine of life. It is also a time when those who have gathered experience elevated happiness. And there are usually special foods and treats, and music and laughter. And what puts us in a good mood also puts us in good mental health. Remembering the positive moments in our lives is an immediate stress-reducer. Lower stress improves both our thought process and our physical health. The happiness we feel during celebration activates parts of the brain that are responsible for how we express our personality, make decisions, and behave around others. Our brain will “light up” with a feeling of reward and an elevated sense of camaraderie towards the family and friends we are celebrating with. Celebration also causes an increase in four important neurochemicals. Sometimes called the happy hormones, these are responsible for communicating thoughts, emotions and feelings of happiness. They also support biological processes involved in sleep, and digestion, learning and memory. The happy hormones are triggered by reward, community, social bonding and laughter. And celebration usually combines all four! Celebration not only makes us feel good in the moment but also teaches us to seek those feelings in the future. Our brains change with experience, and they take note of those feel-good moments. The brain then calculates how it can repeat the actions that brought about such good feelings. Dopamine does its part to reinforce those reward-related memories. In the learning and memory centre of the brain (the hippocampus) it strengthens synapses, where neurons exchange messages. In areas of the brain that process emotions (the amygdala) and planning and reasoning (the prefrontal cortex), emotions associated with those rewards are created. So take the time to celebrate. Your mind and your body will thank you! The Happy Hormones ·DOPAMINE is triggered by reward. It's the feel-good hormone that gives you a sense of pleasure. It acts as your motivator. ·OXYTOCIN is triggered by social bonding and positive physical contact. Often called the “love” hormone, it delivers a rush of pleasure from affection and connection. ·SEROTONIN is triggered by sense of community. It regulates mood, and healthy levels of this chemical keep you happy and feeling safe. Low levels of serotonin may be linked to depression. ·ENDORPHINS are triggered by laughter. They are a natural pain reliever that decreases stress levels and increases your feeling of well-being. 1．achievement n．成就 2．milestone (熟词生义) n．重大事件 3．shortage n．短缺 4．occasion n．时机；场合 5．celebrate v．庆祝 6．form n．形式 7．tend to 倾向于 8．break (熟词生义) n．间歇；休息 9．routine n．常规 10．elevated adj.提高的；增强的 11．treat n．(通常用复数) 款待品；美味佳肴 12．put sb. in a good mood 让某人有个好心情 13．mental adj.精神的 14．stress-reducer n．减压物 15．stress n．压力 16．activate v．激活 17．behave v．表现得体 18．camaraderie n．友情；友爱 19．neurochemical n．神经化学物质 20．hormone n．荷尔蒙 21．digestion n．消化 22．trigger v．引发；触发 23．social bonding 社交纽带 24．combine v．结合；兼备 25．take note of 记录 26．calculate (熟词生义) v．预测；推测 27．reinforce v．强化 28．synapse n．突触 29．(be) associated with...与……相关联 　 答案：1.reasons　2.positive　3.Impact　4.mind People around the world celebrate birthdays, holidays and achievements for various reasons. Celebration breaks the 1.daily_routine,_boosts happiness, and significantly benefits mental and physical health by 2.activating brain areas and 3.increasing happy hormones. Therefore, it's highly advisable that we celebrate more often. 1.What we celebrate and how we celebrate may differ but most of us can agree that it is important for us to do so. [分析]　句中and连接两个并列的主语从句，“that it is important for us to do so”为that引导的宾语从句。 [翻译]　我们庆祝的内容以及庆祝的方式或许各不相同，但大多数人都会认同我们进行庆祝这一行为本身是很重要的。 2.The happiness we feel during celebration activates parts of the brain that are responsible for how we express our personality, make decisions, and behave around others. [分析]　句中“we feel during celebration”为省略关系代词的定语从句；“that are responsible...around others”为that引导的定语从句，其中包含how引导的宾语从句。 [翻译]　在庆祝活动中我们所感受到的快乐，会激活大脑中负责我们个性表达、决策制定以及在他人面前表现的区域。 3.In the learning and memory centre of the brain (the hippocampus) it strengthens synapses, where neurons exchange messages. [分析]　句中“In the learning...the brain”为介词短语作地点状语；where neurons exchange messages为where引导的定语从句。 [翻译]　在大脑的学习和记忆中心(即海马体)，它会强化突触，而神经元正是在突触处交换信息。 INTO THE PRIMITIVE Excerpt from The Call of the Wild 淘金潮时期，米勒法官家的爱犬巴克被贩卖到寒冷的阿拉斯加，它历经了重重磨难，最终回归到大自然。 Buck did not read the newspapers. So he did not know that there was trouble ahead. Trouble for every dog with strong muscles① and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. Some men had found a yellow metal② in the Arctic③ darkness, and thousands of other men were rushing④ there. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry⑤ coats to protect them from the cold. Buck lived at a big house in a sunny valley⑥ in California which was owned by Judge Miller⑦. And Buck ruled over it all. He was born there, and had lived there for the four years of his life. There were many other dogs, but they lived together in the kennels⑧， or inside the house. But Buck was neither a house dog nor⑨ a kennel dog. The whole of Judge Miller's land was his. Buck was king—king over all the creeping⑩， crawling⑪， flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included. His father, Elmo, a huge St Bernard⑫， had been the judge's inseparable⑬ companion⑭. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. He was not so large—he weighed only sixty kilograms—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scottish sheepdog⑮. He had had a good life and he was proud of⑯ himself, for he had not become a house dog. Hunting⑰ and other outdoor activities had hardened⑱ his muscles, and swimming had made him healthy. This was Buck in the autumn of 1897, when the discovery⑲ of gold in the Klondike⑳ brought men from everywhere to the frozen㉑ north. But Buck did not read the newspapers. And he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener's helpers㉒， was not a good man. Manuel gambled㉓ and wasted the little money he had. And one time when the judge was away on business, and his sons were busy with an athletics (田径；体育) club, Manuel did something terrible. No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck thought was a walk㉔. No one saw them arrive at the railway station, where Manuel sold Buck㉕ to a man who was waiting for him. Manuel put a rope round Buck's neck, under his collar㉖. Buck accepted this because he knew Manuel, but when the rope was given to another man, he growled㉗ dangerously. And when the rope was tightened㉘ round his neck, he started to choke㉙ and jumped at the man in anger. The man fought him off and forced㉚ Buck to lie on his back, and tightened the rope even more. Buck had never been treated so badly in his life, and he had never been so angry. Then his strength drained away㉛ and he soon became unconscious㉜. He was still unconscious when the train arrived and the two men threw him into the baggage (行李) car. When he woke up he heard a whistle㉝ blow, and he knew where he was because he had often travelled by train with the judge. He opened his eyes, and he was filled with the full anger of a kidnapped㉞ king. The man jumped for the rope, but Buck was too quick for him. He closed his teeth on the man's hand, and held on until he was choked unconscious again. Later the man, his hand wrapped㉟ in a bloody handkerchief (手帕), and his right trouser leg torn㊱ from knee to ankle㊲， went into a San Francisco bar on the Waterfront. He talked to the barman. Buck was dazed㊳ with horrible pains in his throat and on his tongue. He was thrown down and choked repeatedly㊴， until they managed to cut the brass collar off his neck. Then the rope was removed and he was pushed into a cage㊵. He lay there for the rest of the night, feeling angry㊶. He could not understand what it all meant. What did these strange men want with him? Why were they keeping him in this small box? He felt worried that something bad was going to happen to him soon. He jumped up several times in the night, expecting to see the judge or his sons come in, but each time it was only the barman checking on him. Buck passed through many hands in that cage. He travelled by wagon㊷ and ferry boat with other boxes to the railway station, where he was put on an express㊸ train㊹. For two days and nights he travelled north, without food and drink. And all the time Buck grew more and more angry. He was desperate for㊺ a drink to ease his swollen㊻ throat and tongue. But he decided that nobody would ever put a rope around his neck again. His anger would be directed against㊼ the first person who tried to hurt him. His eyes became red, and he changed into a raging devil㊽. He was so changed that㊾ the judge would not have recognised him.　 ①muscle n．肌肉 ②metal n．金属 ③Arctic n．北极 adj.北极的 ④rush v．冲 ⑤furry adj.覆盖皮毛的 ⑥valley n．山谷 ⑦此处为which引导的定语从句。 ⑧kennel n．狗窝 ⑨neither...nor... 既不……也不…… ⑩creep v．爬行 ⑪crawl v．匍匐前进 ⑫St Bernard圣伯纳犬，瑞士救援犬 ⑬inseparable adj.不可分离的 ⑭companion n．伙伴 ⑮Scottish sheepdog 苏格兰牧羊犬 ⑯be proud of以……为自豪 ⑰hunting n．打猎；狩猎运动 ⑱harden v．变硬；(使)硬化 ⑲discovery n．发现 ⑳Klondike克朗代克，位于加拿大西北 ㉑frozen adj.冰封的 ㉒此处为Manuel的同位语。 ㉓gamble v．赌博 ㉔此处为what引导的宾语从句。 ㉕此处为where引导的定语从句。 ㉖collar n．颈圈 ㉗growl v．低声咆哮 ㉘tighten v．收紧 ㉙choke v．(使)窒息 ㉚force v．强迫 ㉛drain away耗尽 ㉜unconscious adj.失去意识的 ㉝whistle n．汽笛 ㉞kidnap v．绑架 ㉟wrap v．包裹 ㊱tear (tore, torn) v．撕裂 ㊲此处为独立主格结构。 ㊳dazed adj.神志不清的；茫然的 ㊴repeatedly adv.反复地 ㊵cage n．笼子 ㊶此处v.－ing形式作状语。 ㊷wagon n．货车 ㊸express n．特快列车 ㊹此处为where引导的定语从句。 ㊺be desperate for极度渴望 ㊻swollen adj.肿胀的 ㊼be directed against 指向 ㊽a raging devil暴怒的魔鬼 ㊾so...that... 如此……以至于…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $