专题06 阅读理解-主旨大意题（复习讲义）（新疆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“阅读理解-主旨大意”核心考点，针对中考高频的直接主旨、隐含主旨及标题选择题型，构建“考情剖析-知识导图-考点突破-优题精选”四维复习体系。通过梳理说明文、记叙文等不同体裁文章的主旨特点，结合“文章/段落大意总结法”“标题判断法”等解题策略，辅以2025年新疆中考真题示例，帮助学生系统突破概括提炼难点。 亮点在于“考情预测+分层训练”的创新设计，如针对“传统手工艺现代振兴”等预测主题，通过“家庭聚会故事标题选择”真题实例，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。优题精选覆盖科技、环保等8大主题，设置“题型破解-解题要点-真题演练”三步训练，确保学生在有限时间内提升主旨题解题效率，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，助力学生高效备考。

专题06 阅读理解-主旨大意 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 4 03 题型通关·靶向突破 5 考点一 题型破解 5 考点二 解题要点 5 04 优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情 分析 一、考查频率与题型分布 在近三年新疆中考阅读理解题型中，直接考查主旨大意/最佳标题的题目有3篇，属于中高频考点，几乎每套题中都会出现1-2道主旨类题目。 二、考查形式与设问方式 1. 直接主旨题 常见问法： What is the text mainly about? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the best title for the text? 2. 隐含主旨题 通过段落大意、作者态度、文章出处等题目间接考查对文章整体的把握。 3. 标题选择题 要求从4个选项中选出最贴合文章内容的标题，考查概括与提炼能力。 三、文章体裁与主题分布 体裁 主题类别 示例文章 主旨题特点 说明文 科技、文化、生活 阅读的好处、马拉松的意义 明确总结事物特点或价值 记叙文 人物、故事、经历 家庭聚会故事、大象母子 强调情感、启示或人生道理 议论文 社会现象、观点表达 未在本次材料中直接出现 通常围绕观点展开，总结立场 应用文 信息介绍、宣传 中国科技成就、人物成就 概括介绍内容或目的 命题 预测 一、命题趋势预测 1. 题型延续，设问更灵活 仍为主流题型：每套阅读理解中仍将保留1-2道主旨大意/标题选择题。 设问方式可能更丰富： Which of the following best summarizes the passage? What message does the writer want to convey? Which picture best shows the main idea of the text?（图文结合） 2. 文体仍以说明文、记叙文为主，议论文增多 说明文：科技、环保、健康、文化类话题。 记叙文：成长故事、人物传记、社会温情事件。 议论文：青少年心理、网络行为、社会现象评析（可能增强思辨性）。 3. 主题贴近时代与学生生活 科技与生活：AI应用、短视频影响、数字阅读。 健康与成长：心理健康、运动习惯、抗挫能力。 文化自信与传统：非遗传承、节日文化、中外交流。 环保与社会责任：垃圾分类、绿色生活、志愿服务。 二、可能考察的文章主题预测 主题类别 可能话题举例 主旨命题方向预测 科技影响 人工智能在教育中的应用 科技如何改变学习方式 心理健康 如何应对考试压力 积极心态与应对策略 文化传承 传统手工艺的现代振兴 传统与现代的结合价值 环保行动 校园垃圾分类实践 青少年在环保中的角色 社会现象 “手机依赖”现象分析 科技便利与自我管理的平衡 人物励志 残障运动员的奋斗故事 毅力与梦想的力量 国际理解 中外学生交流项目体验 跨文化沟通的收获与成长 三、命题创新点预测 1. 多文本比较主旨 给出两篇相关短文，问：What do the two passages have in common? 考查学生归纳与比较能力。 2. 段落主旨归纳 给出段落，选择最佳概括句，为全文主旨题做铺垫。 3. 图文结合型主旨题 文章配图，选择与图文内容最匹配的标题。 4. 作者意图推断 不直接问主旨，而是问：Why did the writer write this passage? 考点一 题型破解 命题解读 每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四 种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点把 握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore, thus, but, however, in short, to sum up 等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个别段落大意 的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：What is the text mainly about? 或 Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 考点二 解题要点 1. 文章大意总结法 考查目标：理解并归纳整篇文章的中心思想。 常见提问方式： What is the text/main passage mainly about? What is the main idea of the text? 解题策略： 重点关注首段和尾段，作者常在此处点明或总结主题。 留意贯穿全文的重复关键词或概念。 选择概括全面的选项，排除仅涉及某处细节或过于片面的选项。 2025年新疆中考题C阅读介绍了读书的诸多好处，如减压、保护大脑健康、作为睡前活动等。 题目：4. What is the text mainly about? 选项：C. The benefits of reading books. （阅读的好处。） 解析：文章每一段都在阐述阅读的不同益处，首尾段进行了总结，因此C项最全面地概括了全文主旨。 2. 段落大意总结法 考查目标：理解并归纳文章中某一特定段落的核心意思。 常见提问方式： What is the main idea of Paragraph X? What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? 解题策略： 寻找段落的主题句（Topic Sentence），它通常位于段首或段尾。 若没有明显的主题句，则需自行归纳该段所反复论述或强调的重点。 段落：（2025年新疆中考题A阅读）第二段，描述了母象在白天和夜晚如何保护小象。 题目：（虽然此篇未直接考段落大意，但可作为练习）What does Paragraph 2 mainly show? 潜在答案：It shows how the mother elephant protected her baby carefully day and night. （它展示了母象是如何日夜小心地保护她的孩子的。） 解析：该段通过“白天看到小象吃树叶她很欣慰”、“遇到其他动物时她愤怒地护卫”、“夜晚紧靠小象站立”等细节，共同说明了“保护”这一核心。 3. 标题判断法 考查目标：为文章选择一个最恰当、最具概括性的标题。 常见提问方式： What is the best title for the text/passage? 解题策略： 标题应像一顶“帽子”，能覆盖全文主要内容，不能太大或太小。 好的标题通常简洁、醒目、具有概括性，能吸引读者并反映文章主题。 排除那些只涉及某个例子、细节或次要信息的选项。 （2025年新疆中考题D阅读）讲述了作者在家庭聚会中听到的姑姑、表哥和父亲的三个故事，并说明这些故事给了她启发。 题目：What is the best title for the text? 选项：D. Inspiration from Stories Shared in Family Gatherings. （来自家庭聚会中分享的故事的灵感。） 解析：文章开头引出“听故事”，中间详述三个具体故事，结尾总结“这些故事给予我启发”。D选项精准地概括了“故事”、“家庭聚会”和“获得灵感”这三个核心要素，是最佳标题。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 说明文 生活安全 几种常见意外伤害（骨折、咬伤、昏厥、鼻血）的急救措施 结合图文提示，考查学生在真实场景中应用急救知识的判断能力 2 记叙文 人物传记/励志故事 Barrington Irving 从书店少年到自制飞机环球飞行的追梦故事 时间排序题 + 人物性格分析，强调“坚持与努力”的主题 3 议论文 社会现象 “为知识付费”现象的兴起、原因、影响与反思 结合社会热点，分析现象背后的原因与问题，考查学生的批判性思维 4 记叙文 人物故事/社会关怀 Katie Steller 通过免费理发传递关怀与尊重的故事 通过“一句话理解”（It's more than a haircut）考查深层含义与人物动机 5 记叙文 社会现象/人文地理 美国小镇 Monowi 仅剩一名居民的生活现状与历史变迁 通过小镇今昔对比，引导学生关注人口变迁与社会发展问题 6 记叙文 人物励志/社会支持 8岁象棋神童 Tani 从无家可归到夺冠并获社会资助的故事 结合社会支持与个人奋斗，考查学生对“成功因素”的理解 7 说明文 科学常识 关于大脑的常见误区与科学事实（10% 使用率、左右脑分工等） 以“迷思 vs 事实”对比结构展开，考查学生辨别科学信息的能力 8 说明文 科技与社会 护理机器人的发展现状、功能与社会争议 结合老龄化社会背景，探讨科技与人际关系的平衡，考查学生对社会议题的思考 9 说明文 自然生态 热带雨林的生态功能、结构与重要性 图文结合，强调雨林的“生命支持系统”角色，考查学生对生态系统功能的理解 10 说明文 动物行为/科学 狗是否做梦的科学研究与发现 以问题为标题，结合实验研究与生活观察，增强科普文章的趣味性与科学性 Passage 1 What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? Here are some steps you should follow. But always remember to look for medical care after first aid (急救) if the wound is serious. Broken bones (骨头) : Take away clothing from the wound. Use an ice pack. Don’t move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive. Animal bites (咬伤) : Wash the bite area with soap and water. Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding. If the bleeding has stopped, cover the area with a bandage (绷带) and take the person to the hospital. Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is, so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once. Fainting (昏厥) : Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little. Don’t move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall. Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air. Clean the person’s face with a cool cloth. Nosebleeds:Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted (倾斜) forward a little. Do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Pinch (捏) the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes. 1．What should we do first when an animal bite happens? A．Put an ice pack on the wound. B．Wash the bite area with soap and water. C．Try to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth. D．Take the hurt person to the hospital. 2．When dealing with the problems of ________, we shouldn’t move the hurt. A．broken bones and animal bites B．animal bites and nosebleeds C．broken bones and fainting D．fainting and nosebleeds 3．Which of the following is Not Right when a boy’s nose bleeds? A．Let his head not tilt back. B．Let his head tilt forward a little. C．Let him sit up. D．Pinch his nose for less than 10 minutes. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．First aid for some accidental wounds. B．Steps of looking for medical care. C．Advice on ways not to get hurt. D．Ways to ask for help in getting hurt. Passage 2 In 2007, Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world. He was just 23 years old—and he built the plane himself. How did he achieve this? Irving's interest in flying started when he was 15. He was working in his parents’ bookstore in Miami, Florida. One of the customers was a pilot, Gary Robinson. One day, Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying. Irving didn't think he was smart enough. But the next day, Robinson took Irving to an airport. He showed Irving inside the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a Boeing 777. That experience changed Irving’s life. Irving really wanted to fly, but flight school was expensive. To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs. He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools. At home, he practiced flying on a video game. In the end, he got enough money for flight school. At flight school, Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly. But he wasn’t finished. Next, he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world. Building the plane was difficult. Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts. Most said no, but he persisted (顽强地坚持) in asking. Three years later, he had parts worth $300,000. Columbia, an airplane company, agreed to build a plane using the parts. Soon, his airplane was ready to fly. On March 23, 2007, Irving began his round-the-world trip. After 97 days—with 145 hours in the air—he landed back in Miami. A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him. Irving saw many young people in the crowd, and this had a powerful effect (影响) on him. He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams. “Everyone told me what I couldn’t do,” says Irving. “They said I was too young, that I didn’t have enough money. But even if no one believes in your dream,” he says, “you have to pursue (追求) it.” 1．Why was Gary Robinson important in Irving's life? A．He got Irving interested in flying. B．He sent Irving to a flight school. C．He helped Irving build a plane. D．He taught Irving how to fly. 2．Put the events about Irving in the correct order. a. Irving got the parts for his plane.      b. Irving flew around the world, c. Irving met Gary Robinson.          d. Irving learned to fly. A．c—d—a—b B．c—a—d—b C．b—c—a—d D．b—c—d—a 3．What can we know about Irving's personality according to the passage? A．Clever and honest. B．Humorous and responsible. C．Polite and powerful. D．Hard-working and persistent. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Becoming a Pilot. B．Life in Flight School. C．Achieving a Dream. D．Building Your Own Plane. Passage 3 Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客)or live videos? Ask some people and most of them will say yes. "Pay-for-knowledge" has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these "pay-for-knowledge" products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. "Pay-for-knowledge" is on the rise(兴起). Why is "pay-for-knowledge" industry developing so rapidly? First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity(身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy "pay-for-knowledge" products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information.             On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts. The industry of "pay-for-knowledge" has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What's more, this is a reflection(反映)of respect for knowledge and talents. However, the rapid development of "pay-for-knowledge" has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as "How to be an Industry's Expert in 5 Hours" and "15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music", which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves. In general, the best is the one that suits you most. "Pay-for-knowledge" may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．"Pay-for-knowledge" products can help all the people succeed. B．"Pay-for-knowledge" products can offer people different kinds of courses. C．People who can teach themselves need "pay-for-knowledge" products most. D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities. 2．What can we learn about "pay-for-knowledge" industry from Paragraph 2? A．The history of its development. B．The problems of its products. C．The advantages of its products. D．The causes of its rise. 3．The underlined phrase "be lucrative" in Paragraph 3 means "_____________". A．produce lots of money B．get much information C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth 4．The main purpose of this passage is to___________. A．recommend the "pay-for-knowledge" products to people B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online C．remind people to choose "pay-for-knowledge" products wisely D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children Passage 4 Katie Steller has her own salon (美发院). She often wheels her red chair and scissors around the city to give free haircuts. Edward was her first lucky customer. He looked to be in his 60s. He was balding and missing a few teeth. While she was cutting his greying hair, he told her about moving closer to his adult children. Till now, Steller has offered about 30 such haircuts. These people are all living a hard time, and she is aware of the power of her cleanup job. “It’s more than a haircut,” she says. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships. ” Steller knows that a haircut can change a life. As a teen, she had a very serious disease and her hair thinned terribly. Her mother took Steller for her first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she says. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. In 2019, she began her Red Chair Project. She says, “I can’t fix their problems with free haircuts, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.” Early this year she started the Steller Kindness Project, in which people who do acts of kindness (volunteering for snowstorm relief, helping neighbors in need) are invited for a free haircut at Steller’s salon. In exchange, they tell their stories, which Steller shares on her website. Her hope is that by reading about kind acts, others will spread their own. So far Steller has had people reach out from around the country. 1．Why did Steller start her Red Chair Project? A．To help her neighbors in need. B．To attract customers to her salon. C．To help the lonely people feel less alone. D．To invite customers to tell their kind acts. 2．What does Steller mean by the sentence “It’s more than a haircut” in Paragraph 4? A．A haircut can fix people’s problems. B．A haircut is what people need most. C．Haircut stories are well reviewed on her website. D．A haircut is a simple act to show care, value and respect. 3．Which best describes Katie Steller? A．Lonely and inactive. B．Kind and thoughtful. C．Doubtful and generous. D．Serious and careful. 4．Which sentence best expresses the theme of the story? A．Simple acts of kindness like a free haircut will spread. B．Haircuts need practice and practice makes perfect. C．It’s heartbreaking to see how lonely people look. D．We can win great respect by giving free haircuts. Passage 5 Elsie Eiler is the head of Monowi, a tiny town in northern Nebraska, U.S.A．, and that isn’t her only job. She is also the town secretary, the town treasurer, the librarian, and she works in the café. Why has she got a lot of different jobs? Because there’s nobody else to do them. Monowi has got a population of one  — Elsie. Monowi is an unusual sight. There are about twelve old wooden houses there. They are all empty and are surrounded by a few trees, several old cars and lots of rubbish. The town is silent. An old yellow school bus, with no wheels or seats, stands next to the small school. The school closed 40 years ago. Opposite Elsie’s café is an old building, filled with rubbish. It was a shop but it closed in the 1950s. The busiest time for Monowi was in the 1930s. Then, the population was 150, and was made up of mostly farmers and their families. There was a railway too. However, the farmers couldn’t compete（竞争）with the large industrialized（工业化的）farms, and left the town to look for other work. In 1971, the railway closed and the town began to die. Three years ago, the last people that lived there, except Elsie’s family, moved away. Then, Elsie’s husband died, and then her son and daughter left to find work in bigger towns, leaving Elsie the only person in the town. ____________Her food is good, her beer is cold, and farmers and truck drivers travel a long way to eat at her café. “One day Monowi will just be memories, and it will probably turn to dust,” she says. “But I like it, and as long as I can take care of myself, I will stay here.” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Elsie Eiler? A．She is the only person living in Monowi. B．She has a good time living in Monowi. C．She can do different kinds of jobs. D．She will leave Monowi soon. 2．Mostly and their families lived in Monowi in the 1930s. A．railway workers B．shopkeepers C．truck drivers D．farmers 3．The article tells us about Monowi EXCEPT . A．what it looks like B．whether there is train there C．when people first lived there D．why people started to leave it 4．Which of the following can be filled in the blank in the last paragraph? A．Elsie believes Monowi will have a bright future. B．Now Elsie wishes her kids to return to Monowi. C．Elsie will leave Monowi in a couple of years. D．Now Elsie lives alone but she isn’t lonely. Passage 6 On March 19，2019， eight-year-old Tani won the New York Championship(纽约象棋冠军赛) of his age group. But the boy, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago. Tani and his family arrived in New York City from Africa in 2017. A church helped him enter the primary school, P. S. 116. Here the gifted boy was first introduced to chess by a part-time teacher Makofsky, owner of a chess club. Interested in the game, the seven-year-old asked his mother to allow him to join the club. Not able to afford the chess classes, she emailed Makofsky. To her surprise and joy, Makofsky agreed that Tani could learn it for free. Though the chess club helps, it’s largely believed that Tani’s success lies in hard work. Theboy practices the game for many hours a day on the floor with his board. Every Saturday, Tani goes to a free 3-hour class to improve his game skills. Not surprisingly, Tani’s story, first reported by The New York Times, has brought him great support from the public. Soon after the young boy won the New York Championship, Makofsky began a GoFundMe activity for Tani and his family so that he could continued his chess journey. It raised $200,000 in just ten days, far more than they expected. And the money keeps coming. But the family donates(捐赠) most of the money to the church and to those poor family! Tani has also received offers from three famous private schools in New York. However, the family have politely refused all of them and chosen to continue Tani’s education at P. S. 116. While excited about his new life, Tani is ready to meet great challenges(挑战). He is busy preparing for the 2019 National Primary Championships. Winning the competition will bring the chess player closer to his dream of becoming the world’s youngest chess grandmaster(大师). The record has been 17 years by the Russian chess player Karjakin, who won the title at the age of 12. 1．Tani began to learn chess at the age of ____. A．seven B．eight C．nine D．twelve 2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ____. A．where Tani practices chess B．how hard Tani works at chess C．what Tani’s mother does for him D．how much the chess club helps 3．After winning the New York Championship, Tani ____. A．hoped to see Bill Clinton B．went to a famous private school C．became the richest boy in New York D．got much support from society 4．The writer mentions the Russian chess player Karjakin to ____. A．call on young people to learn chess B．introduce his great achievements in chess C．show it’s a big challenge for Tani to realize his dream D．tell people Tani has been the world’s best chess player Passage 7 A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain. One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we'll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it's absolutely not true! The truth is that although we don't know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function (功能) . Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) . The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the 10 percent myth, and it's also wrong. In 2013, a study at an American university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally (相等地). "     It's true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more. We've talked about myths, so let's look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It's also the fattest organ in your body. Here's another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing. 1．The underlined word "This" 1fParagraph 3 refers to ______________. A．the left brain myth B．the right brain and left brain myth C．the use of human brains D．the study of an American university 2．According to the facts mentioned in the passage, _________ may use the left brain more. A．Robert, who is learning English B．Kate, who is drawing pictures C．Jenny, who is designing clothes D．Jacob, who is doing research 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the human brain? A．It is growing all life long. B．The right side is used more by artists. C．Some parts of it are not used at all. D．Three quarters of it is made of water. 4．The passage mainly tells about _________________. A．the growing of the brain B．different functions of the brain C．right brain and left brain D．myths and facts about the brain Passage 8 When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005, she spent much of her time knocking on doors to let people know how her robots worked but few showed interest, "But now, it's different," Says Nejat, "People calling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready." Nejať's robots are designed to fill an increasing need: care-giving for the old. The population of the people over age 80 will be 426 million in 2050, three times larger than that now. Such robots could be especially useful for patients with Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症 ). They can help with everyday activities from preparing food to reminding(提醒) the patients of taking their medicine. They can also play games with patients to keep them active. Some have worried that care-giving robots might reduce (减少 ) human interaction (互动) and cause more humans to lose their jobs. "But the aim is to support human care, not to take the place of it" says Brian Scassellati. He has tested robots with different patients, and found that daily interaction with robots can help children with autism spectrum disorder(自闭障碍症) improve social skills. As a field grows, scientists aim to understand human-robot relationships better. Do robots offer advantages because they don't have feelings and don't give opinions? Will patients lose interest? "One thing is clear," Scassellati says, "Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future. " 1．Nejat's robots are designed to________. A．work in the factory B．make phone calls C．take care of the old D．knock on doors 2．The writer starts the passage by________. A．telling two stories B．comparing two facts C．raising a question D．giving an example 3．The main idea of Paragraph 3 is________. A．what the robots can do B．what serious problems the robots cause C．what the old people can do D．what the old people think of the robots 4．According to Scassellati, we can infer that Nejat's robots ________. A．will have feelings soon B．can take the place of humans C．should be produced more D．won't give their own opinions Passage 9 Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy (树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won’t keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity (湿气) of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. 1．What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph? A．They produce oxygen. B．They cover a vast area. C．They are well managed. D．They are rich in wildlife. 2．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests? A．Heavy rains. B．Big trees. C．Small plants. D．Forest animals. 3．Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other? A．For more sunlight. B．For more growing space. C．For self-protection. D．For the detection of insects. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Life-Giving Rainforests B．The Law of the Jungle C．Animals in the Amazon D．Weather in Rainforests Passage 10 Do Dogs Dream? Unlike cartoon images (图像、影像), real dogs don’t speak and describe their sleep. So you may wonder: do dogs dream like their owners? A scientific research conducted at MIT found that during sleep, brains of humans and dogs work in a similar manner. When you or your dog first falls asleep, you experience SWS—slow wave(波) sleep—when the brain waves are slow but muscles (肌肉) are still active. Later a deeper stage of sleep happens. This stage is called REM sleep — rapid eye movements sleep. During REM, muscles are more relaxed, but the mind is more active. It was proved that both humans and dogs experience these two stages of the sleep circle. Since we know that humans dream, it is safe to conclude(做出结论) that dogs dream too. Scientists found that as a dog falls asleep, his breathing becomes deeper and more regular(规则的). After about 20 minutes in REM sleep, dreams usually begin for normal dogs. While dreaming, the dog’s breathing may become weak and irregular, and his eyes move about behind the closed lids (眼睑) as if the dog is looking at something. By comparing brain wave patterns, researchers suggested that during REM, dogs are visualizing (呈现) dream images much like humans do during this stage of sleep. Besides, it also found that during REM, the sleeping brain operates much like it does when awake, so both man and dogs dream about things that happen during their waking hours. Information gathered during the day is processed at night and may be relived in dreams. So your dog may “sleep run” as he runs after a cat or fetches a ball. Studies also show that some dogs dream more than others, and the frequency and length of dreams are different according to the age and size of dogs. Young puppies usually experience more dreams than adult dogs. One possible reason is that puppies get huge amounts (数量) of new information daily and have much to process at night. Among dogs of the same age, smaller dogs seem to have more dreams than their bigger friends, but their dreams may last shorter. Dream length and frequency are also related to the amount of sleep required. A dog that has an active day outside may sleep more soundly than usual and experience longer periods of REM sleep, giving him more time to dream. 1．What happens to the dogs during REM sleep? A．Their muscles stay active. B．Their dreams take place. C．Their brain waves are slow. D．Their mind is more relaxed. 2．While dreaming, the dog ________. A．breathes regularly B．opens the lids C．visualizes images D．gathers information 3．What does the underlined word “relived” probably mean? A．Required. B．Reviewed. C．Repaired. D．Researched. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why dogs dream like humans. B．What bigger dogs dream about. C．Why young puppies have more dreams. D．What causes the differences of dogs’ dreams. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解-主旨大意 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 4 03 题型通关·靶向突破 5 考点一 题型破解 5 考点二 解题要点 5 04 优题精选·练能提分 9 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情 分析 一、考查频率与题型分布 在近三年新疆中考阅读理解题型中，直接考查主旨大意/最佳标题的题目有3篇，属于中高频考点，几乎每套题中都会出现1-2道主旨类题目。 二、考查形式与设问方式 1. 直接主旨题 常见问法： What is the text mainly about? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the best title for the text? 2. 隐含主旨题 通过段落大意、作者态度、文章出处等题目间接考查对文章整体的把握。 3. 标题选择题 要求从4个选项中选出最贴合文章内容的标题，考查概括与提炼能力。 三、文章体裁与主题分布 体裁 主题类别 示例文章 主旨题特点 说明文 科技、文化、生活 阅读的好处、马拉松的意义 明确总结事物特点或价值 记叙文 人物、故事、经历 家庭聚会故事、大象母子 强调情感、启示或人生道理 议论文 社会现象、观点表达 未在本次材料中直接出现 通常围绕观点展开，总结立场 应用文 信息介绍、宣传 中国科技成就、人物成就 概括介绍内容或目的 命题 预测 一、命题趋势预测 1. 题型延续，设问更灵活 仍为主流题型：每套阅读理解中仍将保留1-2道主旨大意/标题选择题。 设问方式可能更丰富： Which of the following best summarizes the passage? What message does the writer want to convey? Which picture best shows the main idea of the text?（图文结合） 2. 文体仍以说明文、记叙文为主，议论文增多 说明文：科技、环保、健康、文化类话题。 记叙文：成长故事、人物传记、社会温情事件。 议论文：青少年心理、网络行为、社会现象评析（可能增强思辨性）。 3. 主题贴近时代与学生生活 科技与生活：AI应用、短视频影响、数字阅读。 健康与成长：心理健康、运动习惯、抗挫能力。 文化自信与传统：非遗传承、节日文化、中外交流。 环保与社会责任：垃圾分类、绿色生活、志愿服务。 二、可能考察的文章主题预测 主题类别 可能话题举例 主旨命题方向预测 科技影响 人工智能在教育中的应用 科技如何改变学习方式 心理健康 如何应对考试压力 积极心态与应对策略 文化传承 传统手工艺的现代振兴 传统与现代的结合价值 环保行动 校园垃圾分类实践 青少年在环保中的角色 社会现象 “手机依赖”现象分析 科技便利与自我管理的平衡 人物励志 残障运动员的奋斗故事 毅力与梦想的力量 国际理解 中外学生交流项目体验 跨文化沟通的收获与成长 三、命题创新点预测 1. 多文本比较主旨 给出两篇相关短文，问：What do the two passages have in common? 考查学生归纳与比较能力。 2. 段落主旨归纳 给出段落，选择最佳概括句，为全文主旨题做铺垫。 3. 图文结合型主旨题 文章配图，选择与图文内容最匹配的标题。 4. 作者意图推断 不直接问主旨，而是问：Why did the writer write this passage? 考点一 题型破解 命题解读 每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四 种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点把 握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore, thus, but, however, in short, to sum up 等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个别段落大意 的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：What is the text mainly about? 或 Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 考点二 解题要点 1. 文章大意总结法 考查目标：理解并归纳整篇文章的中心思想。 常见提问方式： What is the text/main passage mainly about? What is the main idea of the text? 解题策略： 重点关注首段和尾段，作者常在此处点明或总结主题。 留意贯穿全文的重复关键词或概念。 选择概括全面的选项，排除仅涉及某处细节或过于片面的选项。 2025年新疆中考题C阅读介绍了读书的诸多好处，如减压、保护大脑健康、作为睡前活动等。 题目：4. What is the text mainly about? 选项：C. The benefits of reading books. （阅读的好处。） 解析：文章每一段都在阐述阅读的不同益处，首尾段进行了总结，因此C项最全面地概括了全文主旨。 2. 段落大意总结法 考查目标：理解并归纳文章中某一特定段落的核心意思。 常见提问方式： What is the main idea of Paragraph X? What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? 解题策略： 寻找段落的主题句（Topic Sentence），它通常位于段首或段尾。 若没有明显的主题句，则需自行归纳该段所反复论述或强调的重点。 段落：（2025年新疆中考题A阅读）第二段，描述了母象在白天和夜晚如何保护小象。 题目：（虽然此篇未直接考段落大意，但可作为练习）What does Paragraph 2 mainly show? 潜在答案：It shows how the mother elephant protected her baby carefully day and night. （它展示了母象是如何日夜小心地保护她的孩子的。） 解析：该段通过“白天看到小象吃树叶她很欣慰”、“遇到其他动物时她愤怒地护卫”、“夜晚紧靠小象站立”等细节，共同说明了“保护”这一核心。 3. 标题判断法 考查目标：为文章选择一个最恰当、最具概括性的标题。 常见提问方式： What is the best title for the text/passage? 解题策略： 标题应像一顶“帽子”，能覆盖全文主要内容，不能太大或太小。 好的标题通常简洁、醒目、具有概括性，能吸引读者并反映文章主题。 排除那些只涉及某个例子、细节或次要信息的选项。 （2025年新疆中考题D阅读）讲述了作者在家庭聚会中听到的姑姑、表哥和父亲的三个故事，并说明这些故事给了她启发。 题目：What is the best title for the text? 选项：D. Inspiration from Stories Shared in Family Gatherings. （来自家庭聚会中分享的故事的灵感。） 解析：文章开头引出“听故事”，中间详述三个具体故事，结尾总结“这些故事给予我启发”。D选项精准地概括了“故事”、“家庭聚会”和“获得灵感”这三个核心要素，是最佳标题。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 说明文 生活安全 几种常见意外伤害（骨折、咬伤、昏厥、鼻血）的急救措施 结合图文提示，考查学生在真实场景中应用急救知识的判断能力 2 记叙文 人物传记/励志故事 Barrington Irving 从书店少年到自制飞机环球飞行的追梦故事 时间排序题 + 人物性格分析，强调“坚持与努力”的主题 3 议论文 社会现象 “为知识付费”现象的兴起、原因、影响与反思 结合社会热点，分析现象背后的原因与问题，考查学生的批判性思维 4 记叙文 人物故事/社会关怀 Katie Steller 通过免费理发传递关怀与尊重的故事 通过“一句话理解”（It's more than a haircut）考查深层含义与人物动机 5 记叙文 社会现象/人文地理 美国小镇 Monowi 仅剩一名居民的生活现状与历史变迁 通过小镇今昔对比，引导学生关注人口变迁与社会发展问题 6 记叙文 人物励志/社会支持 8岁象棋神童 Tani 从无家可归到夺冠并获社会资助的故事 结合社会支持与个人奋斗，考查学生对“成功因素”的理解 7 说明文 科学常识 关于大脑的常见误区与科学事实（10% 使用率、左右脑分工等） 以“迷思 vs 事实”对比结构展开，考查学生辨别科学信息的能力 8 说明文 科技与社会 护理机器人的发展现状、功能与社会争议 结合老龄化社会背景，探讨科技与人际关系的平衡，考查学生对社会议题的思考 9 说明文 自然生态 热带雨林的生态功能、结构与重要性 图文结合，强调雨林的“生命支持系统”角色，考查学生对生态系统功能的理解 10 说明文 动物行为/科学 狗是否做梦的科学研究与发现 以问题为标题，结合实验研究与生活观察，增强科普文章的趣味性与科学性 Passage 1 What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? Here are some steps you should follow. But always remember to look for medical care after first aid (急救) if the wound is serious. Broken bones (骨头) : Take away clothing from the wound. Use an ice pack. Don’t move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive. Animal bites (咬伤) : Wash the bite area with soap and water. Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding. If the bleeding has stopped, cover the area with a bandage (绷带) and take the person to the hospital. Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is, so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once. Fainting (昏厥) : Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little. Don’t move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall. Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air. Clean the person’s face with a cool cloth. Nosebleeds:Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted (倾斜) forward a little. Do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Pinch (捏) the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes. 1．What should we do first when an animal bite happens? A．Put an ice pack on the wound. B．Wash the bite area with soap and water. C．Try to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth. D．Take the hurt person to the hospital. 2．When dealing with the problems of ________, we shouldn’t move the hurt. A．broken bones and animal bites B．animal bites and nosebleeds C．broken bones and fainting D．fainting and nosebleeds 3．Which of the following is Not Right when a boy’s nose bleeds? A．Let his head not tilt back. B．Let his head tilt forward a little. C．Let him sit up. D．Pinch his nose for less than 10 minutes. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．First aid for some accidental wounds. B．Steps of looking for medical care. C．Advice on ways not to get hurt. D．Ways to ask for help in getting hurt. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了骨头断裂、动物咬伤、昏厥和流鼻血的急救措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“Animal bites: Wash the bite area with soap and water.”，可知被动物咬伤应先用肥皂水清洗伤口，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Broken bones: Take away clothing from the wound. Use an ice pack. Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive.”，可知当处理骨折的时候不要移动伤者，故选C。 3．细节判断题。根据“Pinch the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.”，可知流鼻血时捏鼻子至少10分钟，而不是少于10分钟；Pinch his nose for less than 10 minutes表述错误，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“But always remember to look for medical care after first aid if the wound is serious.”，结合短文内容，可知主要介绍了一些意外受伤的急救措施；First aid for some accidental wounds符合文意，故选A。 Passage 2 In 2007, Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world. He was just 23 years old—and he built the plane himself. How did he achieve this? Irving's interest in flying started when he was 15. He was working in his parents’ bookstore in Miami, Florida. One of the customers was a pilot, Gary Robinson. One day, Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying. Irving didn't think he was smart enough. But the next day, Robinson took Irving to an airport. He showed Irving inside the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a Boeing 777. That experience changed Irving’s life. Irving really wanted to fly, but flight school was expensive. To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs. He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools. At home, he practiced flying on a video game. In the end, he got enough money for flight school. At flight school, Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly. But he wasn’t finished. Next, he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world. Building the plane was difficult. Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts. Most said no, but he persisted (顽强地坚持) in asking. Three years later, he had parts worth $300,000. Columbia, an airplane company, agreed to build a plane using the parts. Soon, his airplane was ready to fly. On March 23, 2007, Irving began his round-the-world trip. After 97 days—with 145 hours in the air—he landed back in Miami. A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him. Irving saw many young people in the crowd, and this had a powerful effect (影响) on him. He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams. “Everyone told me what I couldn’t do,” says Irving. “They said I was too young, that I didn’t have enough money. But even if no one believes in your dream,” he says, “you have to pursue (追求) it.” 1．Why was Gary Robinson important in Irving's life? A．He got Irving interested in flying. B．He sent Irving to a flight school. C．He helped Irving build a plane. D．He taught Irving how to fly. 2．Put the events about Irving in the correct order. a. Irving got the parts for his plane.      b. Irving flew around the world, c. Irving met Gary Robinson.          d. Irving learned to fly. A．c—d—a—b B．c—a—d—b C．b—c—a—d D．b—c—d—a 3．What can we know about Irving's personality according to the passage? A．Clever and honest. B．Humorous and responsible. C．Polite and powerful. D．Hard-working and persistent. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Becoming a Pilot. B．Life in Flight School. C．Achieving a Dream. D．Building Your Own Plane. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【分析】这篇短文讲述的是2007年，年仅23岁的Barrington Irving成为了独自飞行环游世界的最年轻的人，而且他是乘坐他自己制造的飞机飞行的。短文中通过讲述Irving的飞行故事告诉我们年轻人应该有梦想，并要为了梦想努力。 1．细节理解题。根据短文第二段“One day, Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying. Irving didn't think he was smart enough. But the next day, Robinson took Irving to an airport. He showed Irving inside the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a Boeing 777. That experience changed Irving’s life.”可知，是Robinson让Irving对飞行产生了兴趣，因此他对于Irving来说是一个很重要的人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据短文第二段到第六段的描述可知，Irving15岁时在Robinson的带领下，对飞行产生了兴趣，然后去了飞行学校学习飞行；接下来他自己制造了飞机，开始环游世界的飞行。正确的顺序是cdab，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据短文第三段“To achieve his dream, he worked different jobs.”和第五段“Building the plane was difficult. Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts. Most said no, but he persisted (顽强地坚持) in asking.”可知，Irving为了实现自己的飞行梦，努力工作去赚钱上航校。在找公司制造自己的飞机时，他被拒绝了很多次，但仍然顽强坚持。由此可知，hard-working“工作努力的”和persistent“顽强坚持的”这两个词最能体现Irving的个性。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文意可知，这篇短文讲述了Barrington Irving从15岁开始对飞行有了兴趣，然后努力学习飞行，克服种种困难，制造了自己的飞机，并环游世界的故事。由文章的最后“He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams.”可知，通过Irving的故事，短文是鼓励年轻人们要努力实现自己的梦想。C选项“实现梦想”能够体现文章的主题，作为题目最为合适。故选C。 Passage 3 Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客)or live videos? Ask some people and most of them will say yes. "Pay-for-knowledge" has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these "pay-for-knowledge" products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. "Pay-for-knowledge" is on the rise(兴起). Why is "pay-for-knowledge" industry developing so rapidly? First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity(身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy "pay-for-knowledge" products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information.             On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts. The industry of "pay-for-knowledge" has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What's more, this is a reflection(反映)of respect for knowledge and talents. However, the rapid development of "pay-for-knowledge" has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as "How to be an Industry's Expert in 5 Hours" and "15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music", which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves. In general, the best is the one that suits you most. "Pay-for-knowledge" may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．"Pay-for-knowledge" products can help all the people succeed. B．"Pay-for-knowledge" products can offer people different kinds of courses. C．People who can teach themselves need "pay-for-knowledge" products most. D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities. 2．What can we learn about "pay-for-knowledge" industry from Paragraph 2? A．The history of its development. B．The problems of its products. C．The advantages of its products. D．The causes of its rise. 3．The underlined phrase "be lucrative" in Paragraph 3 means "_____________". A．produce lots of money B．get much information C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth 4．The main purpose of this passage is to___________. A．recommend the "pay-for-knowledge" products to people B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online C．remind people to choose "pay-for-knowledge" products wisely D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍“为知识付钱”产业兴起的原因及产生的问题，提醒读者要理智地选择产品。 1．推理判断题。根据“The contents of these "pay-for-knowledge" products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment.”可知B选项表述正确。A选项“all the people”表述太绝对。根据“with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves”可知C选项表述错误。“such information is usually at the hands of experts who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts”可知D选项“must”表述太绝对。故选B。 2．段落大题题。根据第二段“Why is ‘pay-for-knowledge’ industry developing so rapidly? First,…Second,…”可知这一段主要讲述为知识付钱产业兴起的原因。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“It promises possibilities of turning information into money”可知此处表示“获利的，赚钱的”， be lucrative相当于produce lots of money。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In general, the best is the one that suits you most. ‘Pay-for-knowledge’ may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful”文章的主要目的是为了提醒人们要理智地选择适合自己的产品。故选C。 Passage 4 Katie Steller has her own salon (美发院). She often wheels her red chair and scissors around the city to give free haircuts. Edward was her first lucky customer. He looked to be in his 60s. He was balding and missing a few teeth. While she was cutting his greying hair, he told her about moving closer to his adult children. Till now, Steller has offered about 30 such haircuts. These people are all living a hard time, and she is aware of the power of her cleanup job. “It’s more than a haircut,” she says. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships. ” Steller knows that a haircut can change a life. As a teen, she had a very serious disease and her hair thinned terribly. Her mother took Steller for her first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she says. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. In 2019, she began her Red Chair Project. She says, “I can’t fix their problems with free haircuts, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.” Early this year she started the Steller Kindness Project, in which people who do acts of kindness (volunteering for snowstorm relief, helping neighbors in need) are invited for a free haircut at Steller’s salon. In exchange, they tell their stories, which Steller shares on her website. Her hope is that by reading about kind acts, others will spread their own. So far Steller has had people reach out from around the country. 1．Why did Steller start her Red Chair Project? A．To help her neighbors in need. B．To attract customers to her salon. C．To help the lonely people feel less alone. D．To invite customers to tell their kind acts. 2．What does Steller mean by the sentence “It’s more than a haircut” in Paragraph 4? A．A haircut can fix people’s problems. B．A haircut is what people need most. C．Haircut stories are well reviewed on her website. D．A haircut is a simple act to show care, value and respect. 3．Which best describes Katie Steller? A．Lonely and inactive. B．Kind and thoughtful. C．Doubtful and generous. D．Serious and careful. 4．Which sentence best expresses the theme of the story? A．Simple acts of kindness like a free haircut will spread. B．Haircuts need practice and practice makes perfect. C．It’s heartbreaking to see how lonely people look. D．We can win great respect by giving free haircuts. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【分析】凯蒂·斯特勒（Katie Steller）拥有自己的美发沙龙。她经常在城市周围推着红色椅子和剪刀，免费理发，这么做是为了暂时减轻他人的孤独感。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段I can’t fix their problems with free haircuts, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.可知理发是为了帮助人们暂时减轻孤独感。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s more than a haircut,” she says. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships. ”意为“她说：“这不仅仅是理发。” “我希望它成为展示价值和尊重，同时也结识人们的门户。 我想建立关系。 ””因此可知剪发是一种表现关心、价值和尊重的行为。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章讲述了凯蒂·斯特勒（Katie Steller）为人们免费理发，这么做是为了暂时减轻他人的孤独感。由此可推知她关心他人，是个非常善良周到的人。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段Early this year she started the Steller Kindness Project, in which people who do acts of kindness (volunteering for snowstorm relief, helping neighbors in need) are invited for a free haircut at Steller’s salon. In exchange, they tell their stories, which Steller shares on her website. Her hope is that by reading about kind acts, others will spread their own.意为“今年年初，她启动了“斯特勒善待项目”，其中邀请了做善事的人（为减轻暴风雪而做义工，帮助有需要的邻居）在斯特勒的沙龙免费理发。 作为交换，他们讲自己的故事，斯特勒在她的网站上分享。她的希望是，通过阅读有关善良的举止，其他人将传播自己的行为。”由此可知诸如免费理发之类的简单善意行为将会传播。故选A。 Passage 5 Elsie Eiler is the head of Monowi, a tiny town in northern Nebraska, U.S.A．, and that isn’t her only job. She is also the town secretary, the town treasurer, the librarian, and she works in the café. Why has she got a lot of different jobs? Because there’s nobody else to do them. Monowi has got a population of one  — Elsie. Monowi is an unusual sight. There are about twelve old wooden houses there. They are all empty and are surrounded by a few trees, several old cars and lots of rubbish. The town is silent. An old yellow school bus, with no wheels or seats, stands next to the small school. The school closed 40 years ago. Opposite Elsie’s café is an old building, filled with rubbish. It was a shop but it closed in the 1950s. The busiest time for Monowi was in the 1930s. Then, the population was 150, and was made up of mostly farmers and their families. There was a railway too. However, the farmers couldn’t compete（竞争）with the large industrialized（工业化的）farms, and left the town to look for other work. In 1971, the railway closed and the town began to die. Three years ago, the last people that lived there, except Elsie’s family, moved away. Then, Elsie’s husband died, and then her son and daughter left to find work in bigger towns, leaving Elsie the only person in the town. ____________Her food is good, her beer is cold, and farmers and truck drivers travel a long way to eat at her café. “One day Monowi will just be memories, and it will probably turn to dust,” she says. “But I like it, and as long as I can take care of myself, I will stay here.” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Elsie Eiler? A．She is the only person living in Monowi. B．She has a good time living in Monowi. C．She can do different kinds of jobs. D．She will leave Monowi soon. 2．Mostly and their families lived in Monowi in the 1930s. A．railway workers B．shopkeepers C．truck drivers D．farmers 3．The article tells us about Monowi EXCEPT . A．what it looks like B．whether there is train there C．when people first lived there D．why people started to leave it 4．Which of the following can be filled in the blank in the last paragraph? A．Elsie believes Monowi will have a bright future. B．Now Elsie wishes her kids to return to Monowi. C．Elsie will leave Monowi in a couple of years. D．Now Elsie lives alone but she isn’t lonely. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文讲述了Elsie Eiler是唯一住在莫诺威的人。农民无法与大型工业化的农场竞争，离开了小镇寻找其他工作。现在这个小镇房子空了，有很多垃圾，非常寂静。但是Elsie Eiler虽然独自一人，但是没有感到孤独。因为农民和卡车司机会长途跋涉到她的咖啡馆吃饭。 1．主旨大意题。根据“ Because there’s nobody else to do them. Monowi has got a population of one — Elsie.”可知，第一段主要介绍了Elsie Eiler是唯一住在莫诺威的人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The busiest time for Monowi was in the 1930s. Then, the population was 150, and was made up of mostly farmers and their families.”可知，在20世纪30年代，大部分农民和他们的家人住在莫诺威。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Monowi is an unusual sight. There are about twelve old wooden houses there. They are all empty and are surrounded by a few trees, several old cars and lots of rubbish. ”可知，文中介绍了莫诺威的样子，根据“There was a railway too. ”可知，这个小镇以前也有火车，根据“However,        the farmers couldn’t compete（竞争）with the large industrialized（工业化的）farms, and left the town to look for other work.”可知，文中介绍了为什么人们离开这里。因此文中没有提到人们何时第一次住在那里的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Her food is good, her beer is cold, and farmers and truck drivers travel a long way to eat at her café.”可知，农民和卡车司机长途跋涉会到她的咖啡馆吃饭，因此她虽然独自生活在这个小镇上，但是不孤独。故选D。 Passage 6 On March 19，2019， eight-year-old Tani won the New York Championship(纽约象棋冠军赛) of his age group. But the boy, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago. Tani and his family arrived in New York City from Africa in 2017. A church helped him enter the primary school, P. S. 116. Here the gifted boy was first introduced to chess by a part-time teacher Makofsky, owner of a chess club. Interested in the game, the seven-year-old asked his mother to allow him to join the club. Not able to afford the chess classes, she emailed Makofsky. To her surprise and joy, Makofsky agreed that Tani could learn it for free. Though the chess club helps, it’s largely believed that Tani’s success lies in hard work. Theboy practices the game for many hours a day on the floor with his board. Every Saturday, Tani goes to a free 3-hour class to improve his game skills. Not surprisingly, Tani’s story, first reported by The New York Times, has brought him great support from the public. Soon after the young boy won the New York Championship, Makofsky began a GoFundMe activity for Tani and his family so that he could continued his chess journey. It raised $200,000 in just ten days, far more than they expected. And the money keeps coming. But the family donates(捐赠) most of the money to the church and to those poor family! Tani has also received offers from three famous private schools in New York. However, the family have politely refused all of them and chosen to continue Tani’s education at P. S. 116. While excited about his new life, Tani is ready to meet great challenges(挑战). He is busy preparing for the 2019 National Primary Championships. Winning the competition will bring the chess player closer to his dream of becoming the world’s youngest chess grandmaster(大师). The record has been 17 years by the Russian chess player Karjakin, who won the title at the age of 12. 1．Tani began to learn chess at the age of ____. A．seven B．eight C．nine D．twelve 2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ____. A．where Tani practices chess B．how hard Tani works at chess C．what Tani’s mother does for him D．how much the chess club helps 3．After winning the New York Championship, Tani ____. A．hoped to see Bill Clinton B．went to a famous private school C．became the richest boy in New York D．got much support from society 4．The writer mentions the Russian chess player Karjakin to ____. A．call on young people to learn chess B．introduce his great achievements in chess C．show it’s a big challenge for Tani to realize his dream D．tell people Tani has been the world’s best chess player 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲了Tani从小喜欢象棋，并经过自己的不断努力，最终赢得很多奖项，但实现自己的梦想还是很具挑战性的。 1．细节理解题。根据文中的信息eight-year-old Tani won the New York Championship(纽约象棋冠军赛) of his age group. 八岁的Tani赢得了他这个年龄组的纽约象棋赛冠军；以及But the boy, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago. 但这个那时无家可归的男孩在不到一年前就开始学习这个比赛了。可知Tani在他七岁的时候就开始学习国际象棋，故答案选A。 2．段意归纳题。根据本段的第一句Though the chess club helps, it’s largely believed that Tani’s success lies in hard work.虽然他的成功有象棋俱乐部的帮助，但是主要原因在于他的勤奋和努力；再结合下文的描述：他每天在地上用板子练习好几个小时下棋，而且每周六他都会去上3个小时的免费课程，以提高他的下棋技能。可知本段主要讲述的是Tani在下象棋方面有多么的努力，故答案选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中的信息Soon after the young boy won the New York Championship, Makofsky began a GoFundMe activity for Tani and his family so that he could continued his chess journey. It raised $200,000 in just ten days, far more than they expected.可知，在赢得纽约象棋赛冠军之后，为了他能继续他的象棋之旅，Makofsky为Tani和他的家人举办了活动，仅仅10天就筹集了20万美元，远远超过了他们的预期。这意味着Tani得到了很多社会上的支持，故答案选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文中的信息The record has been 17 years by the Russian chess player Karjakin, 这项纪录由俄罗斯的象棋选手Karjakin已经保持了17年，由此可推知作者提到这个内容的目的是为了说明对于Tani来说，实现梦想是一个很大的挑战，故答案选C。 Passage 7 A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain. One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we'll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it's absolutely not true! The truth is that although we don't know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function (功能) . Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) . The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the 10 percent myth, and it's also wrong. In 2013, a study at an American university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally (相等地). "     It's true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more. We've talked about myths, so let's look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It's also the fattest organ in your body. Here's another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing. 1．The underlined word "This" 1fParagraph 3 refers to ______________. A．the left brain myth B．the right brain and left brain myth C．the use of human brains D．the study of an American university 2．According to the facts mentioned in the passage, _________ may use the left brain more. A．Robert, who is learning English B．Kate, who is drawing pictures C．Jenny, who is designing clothes D．Jacob, who is doing research 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the human brain? A．It is growing all life long. B．The right side is used more by artists. C．Some parts of it are not used at all. D．Three quarters of it is made of water. 4．The passage mainly tells about _________________. A．the growing of the brain B．different functions of the brain C．right brain and left brain D．myths and facts about the brain 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【分析】文章是关于大脑的一些事情，有人说我们的大脑只是用了10%,如果我们能学会使用剩余部分我们会更聪明，科学家认为这种说法很荒谬，我们知道大脑的每一部分都有它的重要作用，还有另外一种说法就是左右脑的说法，说使用右脑的人更有艺术性和创造性，使用左脑的人更擅长数学和科学，美国的一项科学研究说我们使用左右脑是均衡的，脑子的不同部分有不同的作用，左边是语言中枢，当我们需要注意的时候使用右边。我们的大脑没有痛感，75%是水，它也是我们的身体最肥的组织，18岁脑子就停止生长。 1．细节理解题。根据The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. 和as popular as the 10 percent myth,可知是左右脑的传说；故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据We use our left side for language more,可知是学英语的；故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.可知A不对，根据But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.可知B不对；根据Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) .和It's true that we use different parts of our brains for different things.可知C不对；根据about 75 percent of the brain is made of water.可知D是对的；故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章是关于大脑的一些事情，有人说我们的大脑只是用了10%,如果我们能学会使用剩余部分我们会更聪明，科学家认为这种说法很荒谬，我们知道大脑的每一部分都有它的重要作用，还有另外一种说法就是左右脑的说法，说使用右脑的人更有艺术性和创造性，使用左脑的人更擅长数学和科学，美国的一项科学研究说我们使用左右脑是均衡的，脑子的不同部分有不同的作用，左边是语言中枢，当我们需要注意的时候使用右边。我们的大脑没有痛感，75%是水，它也是我们的身体最肥的组织，18岁脑子就停止生长。可知文章主要是讲大脑的传说和事实的文章；故选D。 Passage 8 When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005, she spent much of her time knocking on doors to let people know how her robots worked but few showed interest, "But now, it's different," Says Nejat, "People calling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready." Nejať's robots are designed to fill an increasing need: care-giving for the old. The population of the people over age 80 will be 426 million in 2050, three times larger than that now. Such robots could be especially useful for patients with Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症 ). They can help with everyday activities from preparing food to reminding(提醒) the patients of taking their medicine. They can also play games with patients to keep them active. Some have worried that care-giving robots might reduce (减少 ) human interaction (互动) and cause more humans to lose their jobs. "But the aim is to support human care, not to take the place of it" says Brian Scassellati. He has tested robots with different patients, and found that daily interaction with robots can help children with autism spectrum disorder(自闭障碍症) improve social skills. As a field grows, scientists aim to understand human-robot relationships better. Do robots offer advantages because they don't have feelings and don't give opinions? Will patients lose interest? "One thing is clear," Scassellati says, "Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future. " 1．Nejat's robots are designed to________. A．work in the factory B．make phone calls C．take care of the old D．knock on doors 2．The writer starts the passage by________. A．telling two stories B．comparing two facts C．raising a question D．giving an example 3．The main idea of Paragraph 3 is________. A．what the robots can do B．what serious problems the robots cause C．what the old people can do D．what the old people think of the robots 4．According to Scassellati, we can infer that Nejat's robots ________. A．will have feelings soon B．can take the place of humans C．should be produced more D．won't give their own opinions 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【分析】本文主要讲了Nejat的机器人从无人问津到需求量变大，说明这种照顾老年人的机器人越来越受欢迎。 1．细节理解题。根据上文Nejať's robots are designed to fill an increasing need: care-giving for the old. Nejat的机器人是为了满足日益增长的需求而设计：照顾老人，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据上文When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005, …People calling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready." 2005年，当戈迪·尼贾特开始开发机器人时，她花了很多时间上门，让人们知道她的机器人是如何工作的，但很少有人表现出兴趣，“但现在，情况不同了，”来自世界各地的人们问我的机器人什么时候准备好，可知文章开头用两个事实作比较，体现了他设计的机器人越来越满足人们的需求，故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段的主题句But the aim is to support human care, not to take the place of it 但其目的是辅助照顾人类，而不是取代它，并举例He has tested robots with different patients…improve social skills. 他用不同患者对机器人进行了测试，发现与机器人的日常互动可以帮助自闭障碍症儿童提高社交技能。可知本段主要讲机器人的主要工作，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据"One thing is clear," Scassellati says, "Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future. " “有一件事是清楚的，”斯卡塞拉蒂说，“机器人可以为客户提供照顾，这一需求在未来会增加。”他说，由此可推断人们对尼贾特机器人的需求会增加，因此机器人的产量也会提高，故选C。 Passage 9 Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy (树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won’t keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity (湿气) of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. 1．What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph? A．They produce oxygen. B．They cover a vast area. C．They are well managed. D．They are rich in wildlife. 2．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests? A．Heavy rains. B．Big trees. C．Small plants. D．Forest animals. 3．Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other? A．For more sunlight. B．For more growing space. C．For self-protection. D．For the detection of insects. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Life-Giving Rainforests B．The Law of the Jungle C．Animals in the Amazon D．Weather in Rainforests 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【分析】本文主要介绍了热带雨林和热带雨林的作用。热带雨林是地球的肺，是各种药用植物、食物、鸟类和动物的家园。 1．主旨大意题。通读第一自然段可知，根据“Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.”和“About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.”可知，本段主要介绍热带雨林拥丰富的野生动物，它是各种药用植物、食物、鸟类和动物的家园，仅一公顷的雨林中就有480种树木。故选D。 2．推理判断题。本题问的是什么对雨林的生存贡献最大。通读全文可知，雨林的形成、生态结构都和树木息息相关。是无数的树木构成了雨林，所以毫无疑问树木对雨林贡献最大，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.”可知，科学家认为不同的树的叶子和树枝会避免相互接触是为了避免疾病的传播，即这是树木的一种自我保护，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文是总分结构，根据文章第一段“Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.”可知，本文主要介绍热带森林和其多样的物种，所以“Life-Giving Rainforests 赋予生命的雨林”适合作标题，故选A。 Passage 10 Do Dogs Dream? Unlike cartoon images (图像、影像), real dogs don’t speak and describe their sleep. So you may wonder: do dogs dream like their owners? A scientific research conducted at MIT found that during sleep, brains of humans and dogs work in a similar manner. When you or your dog first falls asleep, you experience SWS—slow wave(波) sleep—when the brain waves are slow but muscles (肌肉) are still active. Later a deeper stage of sleep happens. This stage is called REM sleep — rapid eye movements sleep. During REM, muscles are more relaxed, but the mind is more active. It was proved that both humans and dogs experience these two stages of the sleep circle. Since we know that humans dream, it is safe to conclude(做出结论) that dogs dream too. Scientists found that as a dog falls asleep, his breathing becomes deeper and more regular(规则的). After about 20 minutes in REM sleep, dreams usually begin for normal dogs. While dreaming, the dog’s breathing may become weak and irregular, and his eyes move about behind the closed lids (眼睑) as if the dog is looking at something. By comparing brain wave patterns, researchers suggested that during REM, dogs are visualizing (呈现) dream images much like humans do during this stage of sleep. Besides, it also found that during REM, the sleeping brain operates much like it does when awake, so both man and dogs dream about things that happen during their waking hours. Information gathered during the day is processed at night and may be relived in dreams. So your dog may “sleep run” as he runs after a cat or fetches a ball. Studies also show that some dogs dream more than others, and the frequency and length of dreams are different according to the age and size of dogs. Young puppies usually experience more dreams than adult dogs. One possible reason is that puppies get huge amounts (数量) of new information daily and have much to process at night. Among dogs of the same age, smaller dogs seem to have more dreams than their bigger friends, but their dreams may last shorter. Dream length and frequency are also related to the amount of sleep required. A dog that has an active day outside may sleep more soundly than usual and experience longer periods of REM sleep, giving him more time to dream. 1．What happens to the dogs during REM sleep? A．Their muscles stay active. B．Their dreams take place. C．Their brain waves are slow. D．Their mind is more relaxed. 2．While dreaming, the dog ________. A．breathes regularly B．opens the lids C．visualizes images D．gathers information 3．What does the underlined word “relived” probably mean? A．Required. B．Reviewed. C．Repaired. D．Researched. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why dogs dream like humans. B．What bigger dogs dream about. C．Why young puppies have more dreams. D．What causes the differences of dogs’ dreams. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】文章介绍了关于狗是否做梦的相关科学研究。 1．细节理解题。根据“During REM, muscles are more relaxed, but the mind is more active. It was proved that both humans and dogs experience these two stages of the sleep circle. Since we know that humans dream, it is safe to conclude that dogs dream too.”可知在快速眼动睡眠期间狗会做梦。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“By comparing brain wave patterns, researchers suggested that during REM, dogs are visualizing dream images much like humans do during this stage of sleep.”可知在做梦的时候，狗会想象图像。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“... so both man and dogs dream about things that happen during their waking hours. Information gathered during the day is processed at night and may be relived in dreams.”可知狗和人都会梦见醒着的时候发生的事情，由此可推出白天收集的信息在晚上被处理，并可能在梦中“重现”。relived与reviewed意思最接近。故选B。 4．段落大意题。根据“Studies also show that some dogs dream more than others, and the frequency and length of dreams are different according to the age and size of dogs.”及全段内容，可知最后一段主要讲是什么导致了狗狗梦的不同。故选D。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $