专题04 阅读理解-推理判断题&词义猜测题（复习讲义）（新疆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读理解核心题型，系统覆盖推理判断与词义猜测两大考点，通过“考情剖析-考点突破-真题讲解-分层训练”四阶教学流程，梳理命题规律，指导逻辑推理、语境猜词等方法，结合2024-2025年新疆中考真题实例，帮助学生突破推理多步性、词义语境性等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如用“逻辑关系法”分析2025年真题中“bother”词义，通过“观点态度判定法”推断作者情感，设10篇不同体裁分层练习。精准对接中考命题趋势，助力学生高效提升解题能力，教师可据此把控复习节奏，实现靶向突破。

专题04 阅读理解-推理判断&词义猜测 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 5 03 题型通关·靶向突破 6 考点一 题型破解 6 考点二 词义猜测 8 04 优题精选·练能提分 10 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情分析 推理判断题命题特点分析 一、命题形式 主要为四选一单项选择题 常置于文末，作为综合理解类题目出现 题干常见表述： “Where is the text probably from?” “What is the best title for the text?” “What does the writer mainly want to tell us?” “What can we learn from the passage?” 二、考查层次 局部推理：基于某一段落或句群进行逻辑推断 整体推理：需综合全文信息，把握作者意图、文本来源或主旨导向 跨文本推理：在多文本或图文结合类题目中，需整合不同信息源进行判断 三、选项设计特点 强干扰项：往往使用原文中出现的细节信息，但与题干要求不符 过度延伸项：推断超出文本合理范围，缺乏直接依据 片面概括项：仅反映局部信息，不能代表全文主旨 正确选项特征：通常具有概括性、间接性，需通过文本逻辑推导得出 四、材料依赖性强 推理过程必须基于文本明示或隐含的信息 不鼓励学生依赖个人经验或背景知识进行主观臆断 正确答案在文中必有线索支撑，体现“文本为本”的命题原则 词义猜测题命题特点分析 一、选词特点 非超纲词汇居多：多为学生已学词汇，但考查其在特定语境中的含义 一词多义现象突出：考查词汇在具体上下文中的引申义、比喻义或语境义 文化负载词偶现：如“went viral”等具有时代或文化特色的表达 二、语境线索类型 定义解释线索：文中直接给出词汇解释或同义表述 对比反义线索：通过转折词（如but, however）或对比语境提示词义 举例说明线索：通过“for example”、“such as”等引出具体事例阐明词义 因果逻辑线索：通过因果关系推断词汇在语境中的作用与含义 并列同义线索：通过and、or等连接的同义或近义表达推断词义 三、选项设计特点 字面义干扰：设置该词汇最常见或字面的含义作为干扰项 无关联想干扰：利用学生可能产生的常识联想设置无关选项 反义干扰：偶尔设置与正确词义相反的选项 正确选项特征：最贴合上下文逻辑，且能使该句在文中通顺合理 四、考查能力复合性 不仅考查词汇理解，同时间接考查： 句子结构分析能力 段落逻辑把握能力 跨句信息整合能力 体现了“词不离句，句不离篇”的语言学习原则 五、答案可验证性 学生必须回文验证，将所选词义代入原文看是否通顺合理 强调“用语境解词”而非“死记硬背”的词汇学习策略 命题预测 一、推理判断题预测 1. 命题选材将更贴近“大主题、小切口” 预测：继续以中华优秀传统文化、科技自立自强、生态文明、青少年成长等主题为主线，但选材角度会更具体、更生活化。 示例方向： 传统文化：可能选取“非遗传承人的一天”“一首古诗背后的地理故事”等叙事性文本。 科技成就：可能聚焦于一项具体技术（如人工智能辅助医疗）的应用过程或人物故事，而非简单罗列成果。 成长主题：可能通过一个具体情境（如如何解决校园矛盾、完成一个项目）来体现合作、创新、坚韧等品质。 2. 推理层次将更注重“多步推断”与“综合判断” 预测：单纯依靠定位细节即可作答的题目将减少，更多题目需要学生串联多处信息，进行多步逻辑推导。 示例题型： “What will the writer probably do next?”（预测后续行为） “How does the writer organize the passage?”（篇章结构推断） “What is the relationship between the two characters?”（人物关系推断） 3. 非连续性文本的推理题比例可能增加 预测：结合图表、示意图、时间线、对话截图等多模态文本进行推理的题目将更常见。 考查重点：从图文之间、不同数据之间寻找关联，推断深层信息或作者意图。 4. 选项设计将更具思辨性 预测：干扰项将更隐蔽，可能涉及： 合理但非最佳的推断。 基于部分事实但结论片面的推断。 符合常识但与文本主旨不符的推断。 二、词义猜测题预测 1. 所选词汇将更具“语境反差感” 预测：更倾向于选择那些常见词汇在特定专业、文化或修辞语境中的非常用义。 示例方向： 科技文中的生活化词汇（如“cloud”在计算语境中指“云存储”）。 文学作品中的具象词用作抽象义（如“bridge the gap”中的“bridge”）。 网络时代新词或旧词新义（如“种草”“打卡”在特定语境中的含义）。 2. 语境线索将更隐蔽、更多元 预测：将减少使用“that is to say”“meaning”等明显的定义线索，更多依赖： 整体段落氛围（如通过描述性语言推断情感色彩词义）。 跨句逻辑关系（如通过前后句的因果、让步关系推断）。 文化背景暗示（如通过中国传统习俗描写推断特定文化负载词）。 3. 更加考查“词义选择与语境匹配”的能力 预测：选项可能提供多个在其它语境下都合理的词义，但只有一个能完美嵌入当前文本的特定逻辑和风格。 示例：考查“light”一词，在“light of the snow”（物理光线）和“light of hope”（比喻义）之间的精确区分。 4. 可能融入“词语赏析”的初步考查 预测：在猜测词义的基础上，可能轻微涉及对词语表达效果的提问。 示例题型： “Why does the writer use the word ‘...’ here?”（体会词语的精确性或生动性） “The underlined word creates a sense of ______.”（感受词语营造的氛围） 考点一 题型破解 一、命题解读 推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，mostlikely等。所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。 二、解答策略 一、逻辑推理法 核心要点：利用上下文关系（如因果、转折、比较）进行深层推断，常涉及作者言外之意。 对应真题示例： 2025年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处推断）：需根据文章语言风格（新闻报道式）、内容（列举2024年科技成就）和时效性，推断其最可能出自报纸（C. A newspaper）。此推理基于对新闻文体特征的常识性把握。 2025年新疆中考题D阅读4题（最佳标题选择）：需综合全文三个家庭故事，推断出作者的核心意图是传递“从故事中获得启发”，而非仅仅概括某个具体行为（如A、B、C选项）。这是对文章整体逻辑和主旨的深层推理。 2024年新疆中考题C阅读4题（作者情感推断）：通过作者拟人化的提问“Can you see the smile on its face?”，结合全文对馒头走向世界的自豪描述，推断作者的情感是骄傲的（A. Being proud）。这需要理解修辞背后的情感色彩。 2024年新疆中考题D阅读4题（主旨大意推断）：需在理解“狗和猿都会开玩笑”的具体例子基础上，推断出文章的核心论点（B. Some animals can play jokes.），而非局限于某个细节。 二、观点态度判定法 & 目的意图判定法（写作目的判定法） 核心要点：通过作者的措辞、语气和细节侧重，推断其观点态度或写作目的。这两者常紧密相关。 对应真题示例： 2024年新疆中考题C阅读4题（作者情感推断）：是典型的观点态度判定。通过分析作者使用的“smile”一词及其拟人化、正向的语境，判定其自豪的态度。 2024年新疆中考题D阅读4题（最佳标题选择）& 第51题（最佳标题选择）：均是目的意图判定法的应用。需超越细节，推断作者通过讲述家庭故事或马拉松事例，旨在传递的深层意义或核心价值（如“获得灵感”、“理解马拉松的意义”）。 三、文章出处判定法 & 读者对象判定法 核心要点：根据文章的语言特征、内容题材、格式推断其来源（如报纸、杂志）或目标读者。 对应真题示例： 2025年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处）：是典型的文章出处判定。根据其信息性、时效性和客观陈述的风格，判定为报纸。 2024年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处）：根据文章是介绍四位杰出人物的成就概览，形式类似人物简介，判定其可能出自杂志（B. In a magazine）。 2023年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处）：根据文章介绍多个创新发明，具有新闻性和普及性，判定其可能出自报纸（B. A newspaper）。 读者对象判定在附件真题中未直接设问，但隐含在篇章选择中。例如，介绍科技成就或励志故事的文章，其隐含读者通常是普通大众或青少年学生。 四、论证方式判定法 核心要点：识别作者为支撑观点所使用的论证方法（如举例、列数据、作比较）。 对应真题示例： 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第3题（篇章结构图选择）：此题要求判断文章整体结构。文章首段总起，中间三段分别用举例论证（读书减轻压力、保护大脑、助眠）来说明读书的好处，最后总结。选择正确的结构图（B选项），即是对“总-分-总”结构中“分”的部分为并列举例论证的理解。阅读关于读书好处的文章：全文使用举例论证和引用研究（列数据） 的方式来论证“读书有益”的观点。 考点二 词义猜测 一、命题解读 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和 文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 二、解答策略 一、词义猜测法与短语猜测法 这两种方法在本质上高度一致，均需利用上下文语境进行推测，区别仅在于考查对象是单词（词义猜测）还是词组（短语猜测）。在附件真题中，主要以词义猜测形式出现。 核心要点：通过定义、对比、因果、举例、同义/反义替换等上下文线索，推断目标词/短语的含义。 对应真题与解题策略分析： 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第1题（猜测“bother”的词义）： 线索句: "...needn't worry about the problems that bother you."（不必为那些______你的问题烦恼。） 策略应用: 这里采用逻辑关系（因果/定义）猜测法。前文说“读书可以隔绝喧闹世界”，因此“不必为那些______你的问题烦恼”构成因果/解释关系。能让人“烦恼”的问题，自然是“困扰”人的问题。 推断过程: 不需要烦恼 = 问题被解决或不是困扰 → 因此“bother”应意为“困扰、使烦恼”。 答案: A. Trouble. 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第2题（猜测短语“went viral”的含义）： 线索句: "The video quickly went viral on the Internet. In no time, 'Chinese Steamed Buns...' became a hot topic."（视频迅速在互联网上______。很快，“中国馒头……”成了热门话题。） 策略应用: 这里采用同义/结果关系猜测法。后半句“成了热门话题（became a hot topic）”直接解释了前半句“went viral”的结果。 推断过程: 导致成为热门话题 = 迅速传播、变得非常流行。 答案: D. Became popular. 2023年新疆中考题D阅读第3题（猜测“endurance”的词义）： 线索句: "...a marathon tests a runner's endurance and psychological quality (心理素质)"（马拉松考验跑步者的______和心理素质。） 策略应用: 这里采用并列关系与对比猜测法。首先，“endurance”与“心理素质”并列，同属被考验的内在品质。其次，前文将“800米跑”与“马拉松”对比，前者“more about speed（更关乎速度）”，由此推断马拉松更关乎的是与“速度”相对的另一种能力。 推断过程: 与“速度”相对，且与“心理素质”并列的内在品质 → 持久力、耐力。 答案: C. 忍耐力。 二、根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法 核心要点：利用上下文中出现的同义替换或反义对比信号词来推断词义。 对应真题分析： 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第1题（“bother”）也隐含了此方法。虽然没有明显的“but, however”等反义信号，但“keep the noisy world out（隔绝喧闹世界）”与“needn't worry about the problems（不必为问题烦恼）”在效果上构成同向关系，暗示“bother”的问题就是需要被“隔绝”的“喧闹”的一部分，即“令人烦恼的”。 此方法在附件真题中未作为主要线索单独凸显，但它是构成语境逻辑的重要部分，常与其他方法结合使用。 三、构词法猜词法 核心要点：利用词根、前缀、后缀知识推断词义。 对应真题分析： 在附件真题的词义猜测题中，未出现典型的依赖构词法解题的词汇。考查的“bother”、“went viral”、“endurance”均无法直接通过拆分构词来确定准确含义，必须依赖语境。 教学提示：尽管真题未直接考查，但构词法知识是学生词汇积累和自主阅读的重要工具，应作为基础能力进行培养，以备应对未来可能出现的相关考查。 四、指代猜测法 核心要点：根据“就近指代”原则，判断划线代词（如it, they, them, this, that等）所指代的上文内容。 对应真题分析： 附件真题中未设置独立的指代猜测题。但该能力是阅读理解的基础，贯穿于所有细节理解和逻辑推理题中。例如： 2025年新疆中考题B阅读第4题（细节理解）中，理解“It was launched...”中的“It”指代前一句的“Shi Jian-19”，是解题的前提。 2025年新疆中考题B阅读第2题（排序题）中，理解“she starts by opening and washing it”中的“it”指代前文“each bag”，是理解步骤的关键。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 说明文 科技与社会 介绍微信的功能、便利性、潜在危险及未来发展趋势 贴近学生日常生活，结合图文理解题；结构分析题考查总分结构；选项设置贴近实际应用场景 2 记叙文 人与社会、情感 父亲在公墓放石头的习惯，体现陌生人与逝者之间的情感联系与善意 通过细节推理揭示深层情感；词义猜测结合上下文情感逻辑；标题概括题强调“小事物、大情感” 3 说明文 人与自然、健康 探讨自然对身心健康的积极作用，以及现代社会与自然的疏离问题 段落配对题考查信息匹配能力；推断题结合段落主旨与作者态度；强调“重建自然”的现实意义 4 说明文 人与社会、文化 介绍武汉吉庆街的美食与文化，反映城市复苏与生活气息 结合时事（疫情解封）考查语境理解；文化元素与文学作品的融合；来源推断题贴近生活实际 5 记叙文 人与自我、励志 身有残疾的少年通过努力学会弹钢琴，最终实现梦想 强调“意志力战胜困难”；细节与推理结合；人物形象鲜明，情感激励强 6 说明文 人与历史、文化 介绍茶圣陆羽的生平与《茶经》的创作过程 时间顺序题考查事件逻辑；人物关系与共同兴趣的理解；文化传承与个人奋斗结合 7 议论文 人与自我、教育 分析“草莓孩子”现象及其成因，提出心理韧性的培养建议 比喻性词汇引入社会现象分析；词义猜测结合教育语境；建议类题目贴近学生实际 8 说明文 科技与农业 介绍无人机在农业中的多种应用，展现科技对农业的革新作用 图文结合说明科技应用；词义猜测结合农业语境；细节与推理题考查多段落信息整合 9 议论文 人与社会、心理 探讨孤独感与社交质量的关系，强调情感连接的重要性 对比两种社交模式；段落功能分析题；词义猜测结合语境逻辑；强调“情感连接”在数字时代的意义 10 议论文 科技与社会 反思通讯技术虽便利却可能导致人际疏离，呼吁减少对科技的依赖 开篇设问引发思考；词义猜测结合情感态度；推断作者态度；标题概括题突出“科技与人际关系”主题 Passage 1 WeChat, known as Weixin in China, is a mobile phone communication service which was developed after QQ by Tencent on January 21, 2011 in China. It has been the most popular in China. It is so easy to use WeChat. First, you can register WeChat with your phone number, and then add your friends’ numbers in your contact list. It works just like talking on QQ. You can send your pictures and share your feelings. And your friends are able to find them as soon as they get online. What’s more, they can also give you their comments（评价）such as “ ”. WeChat is powerful. It can send voice messages, text messages, pictures and videos. Varied information could be sent to your friends. Besides, Wechat provides us with services such as shopping, games, news and e-banks, which are popular with most people. For example, if you want to order a dinner in a restaurant, you can just scan its QR code by your WeChat and order the dinner without making a call or visiting the restaurant. You can even pay for it by WeChat. In this way, it will help you save time and money. WeChat is supported on Wifi, 2G, 3G and 4G. So you can chat with your family or friends in a new way by using your phone at a low price anytime and anywhere. Even though your friends stay abroad, they are still able to use WeChat to communicate with you and share their interesting experiences with you. However, there are some dangers of WeChat. It is often reported that many traffic accidents are caused by careless drivers who can’t help playing on WeChat while driving. And some bad guys even use WeChat to gamble (赌博), which breaks the law. Luckily, WeChat is improved now and then. So it seems impossible that WeChat will be replaced in the near future. It is going to solve these difficulties and develop better and better. 1．The underlined word “register” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese. A．注销 B．登录 C．注册 D．验证 2．We can learn from the passage that_________________  . A．people could use WeChat in January, 2010 B．people can use WeChat to order food at home now C．people can’t talk with their friends abroad on WeChat D．people can share only messages at any time on WeChat 3．How is the passage organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the writer’s opinion about WeChat? A．WeChat will be better in the future with its development. B．WeChat can help us do everything because it is powerful. C．It is too dangerous to use WeChat because it may cause accidents. D．WeChat will be replaced in the future because it may cause gamble. Passage 2 My father was a cemetery（公墓）keeper. When I was a child, he often took me there. Before we left each time, he would lay some stones on some graves（坟墓）.I never asked why. I just thought that was his work. Yesterday, I visited my sick father. He asked me to go to the cemetery and lay some stones. For some reason, it had to be done that day. I agreed. I hadn't been there for a long time. When I got there, I found a woman in front of one of the graves I would lay a stone on.As I bent to lay it, I heard her whisper“ Thank you”. It was then that I noticed the date of death on the grave was that same day. The grave was that of a child, only five when he died fifteen years ago. “ He's my son,” she said. “But, where’s your father? He was always the one to leave the stone.” I told her that my father was ill but he asked me to do this. It seemed important to him. “Your father’s kindness means more to me than anything else. When my child died, I came often to see him. It is our custom to leave a stone. It tells the one who is here that he is thought of. But, then we moved away from here. so many painful memories…. I was so afraid that he would be alone. But your father marked the grave every time he came. Each time I returned here, I saw that stone and it always comforted me. Your father is the kind of man who would ease the pain of a mother’s heart though we are strangers. Just tell him you saw me today, won’t you?” She said. It took me a minute to find my voice. That small stone marked the grave of a child and the heart of his mother. 1．The underlined phrase“ some reason＂ in Paragraph2 refers to(指代)_______. A．the writer had been away from the cemetery for a long time B．the woman’s child died on that day fifteen years ago C．the writer's father was always the one to leave the stone D．the writer’s father would meet the woman that day 2．What does the underlined word "ease"in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Increase B．Cause C．Reduce D．Express. 3．According to the passage， we can infer(推断)___________. A．the writer understood his father in the end B．laying stones was part of a cemetery keepers work C．the woman knew the writers father well fifteen years ago D．the stone marked the grave of a child and the heart of his mother 4．What's the best title of the passage? A．A Strange Custom B．One Small Stone, Unforgotten C．A Cemetery Keeper D．Painful Memories, Unforgotten Passage 3 How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty—first century. As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D—virtual—reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people's in the other group. The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks. Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai (迪拜), for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea (韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature. 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．Teenagers’ problem in the 21st century. B．How much time we spend outdoors. C．Visiting your local park. D．Feeling about nature. 2．Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer. ①the USA       a. Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside. ②Dubai        b. About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year. ③Switzerland     c. A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built. ④South Korea     d. 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. A．①—a ②—d ③—b ④—c B．①—d ②—c ③—a ④—b C．①—a ②—c ③—d ④—b D．①—d ②—c ③—b ④—a 3．What do the results of the studies show? A．More and more Canadians will live near parks. B．The maths test is difficult and makes people nervous. C．Nature can help people feel more relaxed and be healthier. D．People's heart rates get slower in a 3D—virtual—reality room. 4．What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage? A．Nature is more important than cities. B．Country life is healthier than city life. C．People have lived in the cities for so long.D．Nature should be part of people’s daily life. Passage 4 Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people. Since Wuhan was unlocked on April 8, there have been many people lining up at snack shops there. In the evening, hundreds of street-side stalls(摊位) come out on the street and provide popular snacks and local food at low prices. Travelers can enjoy hot dry noodles, tasty chicken soup and Chinese dumplings... Don't miss Jiujiu duck necks. Chi Li, a popular writer, tells a love story of a beautiful lady who sells duck necks in this street in her novel Life Show. Thousands of people come to search for the scenes (场景) in the novel. Local people like to order several best-known dishes and some bottles of beer and spend their evening time with friends there. For travelers, another exciting thing is the folk music performed by folk musicians at your table. You can enjoy delicious food when listening to music. With the street becoming busy, the city began to breathe again. 1．Jiqing Street is a good place to________. A．study English B．try local food C．tell love stories D．go skating 2．According to the passage, Chi Li mentions________ in her novel Life Show. A．Chinese dumplings B．hot dry noodles C．chicken soup D．duck necks 3．How do you understand the underlined part "the city began to breathe again" in the last paragraph? A．The air becomes fresh again. B．The water gets clearer. C．The city becomes lively again. D．The food gets nicer. 4．The material is probably from________. A．a travel website B．a history book C．a science magazine D．a dictionary Passage 5 Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried to help, he would say, “Thanks, but I can do it myself.” He learned to use the four fingers to do different things. When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much. “It's too bad you can't play,” his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战).“I will show people that I can,” he said to himself. Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself to play the piano and practised for hours a day. Darrius's favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year to learn it. “I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers,” he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous concert hall! Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today. “I may have a disability,” he says, “ but I don’t let it hold me back from anything.” 1．What did Darrius take as a challenge at the age of 10? A．Writing his music. B．Playing the piano. C．Giving a concert. D．Visiting a hall. 2．How long did it take Darrius to learn to play River Flows in You? A．A year. B．A month. C．A day. D．An hour. 3．Who encouraged Darrius to follow his dream? A．His classmate. B．His father. C．A neighbour. D．A musician. 4．What can we learn about Darrius from the text? A．He has a strong will. B．He bought himself a piano. C．He gave up his dream. D．He only plays others’ music. Passage 6 When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea. Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药). Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea. In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together. This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea. 1．What is Lu famous for? A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers. C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture. 2．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control 3．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends? A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place. C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences. 4．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage? ①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea. ②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi. ③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu. ④Lu Yu found water quality was important. A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③① Passage 7 Strawberries look nice, but a light pressure can make them out of shape. Nowadays, there are many young people who are just like strawberries. They easily break down when they face difficulties. They don’t know what to do when they are in trouble. They have a common name—strawberry kids. Why are many students so easy to break down? Parents and schools are a main reason. Parents do almost everything for them in their daily life, while schools care more about their grades instead of developing their personality. Liu Yue, 13, is from Fujian. His mom hardly criticizes him and he always feels good about himself. When a teacher criticized him strictly, he felt surprised and sad. He began to doubt his abilities. Students should do something to make them mentally (精神上) strong. An expert said, “When you are in trouble, don’t ask for help too quickly. You should try to deal with problems first by yourself. I also advise you to take an active part in sports and social activities. That can make you mentally strong.” Growing up is not just a happy process. Pains also go along with it. The most important thing is to face the pains bravely and learn from them. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Some students are called “strawberry kids” because ________. A．they are out of shape under the great pressure B．they easily break down in face of difficulties C．they all like to eat some fruit, for example, strawberries 2．Which is not the main reason for the strawberry kids to break down easily? A．Schools care about their grades. B．Parents do almost everything for them. C．Kids take an active part in sports and social activities. 3．The underlined word “criticize” probably means ________ in Chinese. A．赞扬 B．鼓励 C．批评 4．The writer advised students to________. A．pay more attention to study B．face the difficulties bravely C．care more about their classmates Passage 8 What can drones do? Their many uses include taking pictures from the sky, observing（观察）wild animals and delivering packages. Now these small flying robots are leading a new farming revolution（革命）, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. When equipped（装备）with cameras and other data-gathering devices, drones provide us with an eye in the sky. Here are a few of the farming-related jobs drones can do. Looking for sick crops Drones can scan（扫描）crops using different kinds of light. Then, they produce multispectral images（多谱图像）that can help us find sickly yellow plants within fields of green. Drones can also detect bacteria（检测细菌）that are harmful to crops in the air from a few kilometers away. Farmers can check the drones’ air samples（样本）and try to find ways to protect their crops before the bacteria get to them. Counting cattle When flying over cattle, drones can track the livestock and find out where fences need fixing. People can also equip drones with thermal imagers（热像仪）and night-vision cameras. This can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cattle. Water watch Most fields aren’t perfectly flat（平坦的）. After watering, some places may dry out faster than others. Other spots might not get water at all. Drones can scan the field and make a 3-D map. Using the map, farmers can figure out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement. Spraying pesticide（喷洒农药） Different parts of a field might be uneven or have different altitudes（高度）. Drones can check for this when flying above the land. Then, they change their height and therefore spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field. This is more efficient than traditional pesticide spraying. Drones can finish spraying a field up to five times faster than with traditional machinery, according to a study from MIT. 1．What can drones do to help farmers with their farming? A．Take pictures. B．Look at wild animals. C．Deliver packages. D．Look for sick crops. 2．What do drones need to help guard cattle at night? A．Wooden fences. B．Air samples. C．Night-vision cameras. D．3-D printers. 3．What does the underlined word “uneven” probably mean? A．不肥沃的 B．不相连的 C．不平衡的 D．不平坦的 4．What do we know from the story? A．Drones can’t detect bacteria unless crops are sick. B．Drones can fight dangerous animals. C．Drones can help farmers make sure fields are properly watered. D．Drones are better at spraying pesticide over flat land. Passage 9 Why We Need Each Other John lives alone but is very social. He has many friends with whom he spends a lot of time and sees frequently. However, he feels sad and disappointed because his friendships don’t seem to meet his needs. Albert lives alone and has two close friends whom he sees occasionally. When he meets with them, he has a good time talking about current events and sports as well as each other’s thoughts and feelings. When he is not at work or in the company of others, Albert does not feel lonely because he spends time engaging in activities that interest and energize him. Generally, loneliness is a negative condition resulting from a state of aloneness. People who desire more interpersonal relationships than they actually have can develop feelings of loneliness. How much social connectedness a person needs influences how much aloneness they can accept. However, it is not the number of social relationships that determines whether people feel lonely. Rather, it is the emotional and cognitive reactions (认知反映) the individual experiences in relation to these connections that play a role in experiencing loneliness. For example, social interactions where an individual feels the following are linked with loneliness: distrust, emotional conflict, lack of social support. John and Albert both live alone and have friends; yet, the one with the more active social life feels lonely. Why? Being alone can result in negative reactions related to loneliness (e.g., sadness, hopelessness) or it can have positive reactions related to loneliness (e.g., spiritual and creative growth, restoring one’s health and energy). John’s relationships don’t seem to provide him with what he needs or wants—enjoyment or meaning—and so he feels very lonely. On the other hand, Albert seems to benefit from the interactions he has with his friends, and also happens to enjoy his time alone. In addition, Albert doesn’t seem to want more interpersonal connections. Humans, because of necessity, evolved into social beings. Dependence on and cooperation with each other enhanced our ability to survive under such difficult environmental circumstances. Although the survival threats of these circumstances have lessened in today’s world, people continue to have a need to connect with others. Indeed, the lack of such connections can lead to many problems, including loneliness. In our advanced digital age, one of the common concerns regarding the increasing emergence of loneliness is how we have become less caring of others. At one time, our very survival depended on trusting and supportive relationships. Basically, it doesn’t matter how technologically experienced we become; emotional connectivity remains a central part of being human. We need each other. 1．From the passage, we can know that ________. A．when being alone, one must have negative reaction B．much social connectedness leads to one’s loneliness C．continuous emotional connections with others are still needed D．technological experiencing has replaced emotional connectivity 2．The writer wants to tell us ________ in writing the fourth paragraph. A．what determines whether people feel lonely B．what emotional and cognitive reaction are C．what are linked with loneliness D．what we experience in social interactions 3．What does the underlined word “enhanced” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Improved. B．Showed. C．Kept. D．Questioned. 4．Why doesn’t Albert feel lonely when he’s alone? A．Because he talks about some popular topics with his friends. B．Because he has the same thoughts with his friends. C．Because he spends enough time with his friends. D．Because he benefits from relationships and enjoys his time alone. Passage 10 Aren’t mobile phone, e-mail and voice mail supposed to help us communicate more easily? Sadly, that’s not always the case. Take the other day for example: when I was walking through the park with my friend, suddenly his mobile phone rang and he answered it—leaving me alone and cutting our conversation dead! In fact, the park was filled with people talking on their mobile phones. They were passing other people without even looking at them, or stopping to walk their dogs. Clearly, people can use mobile phones everywhere, but they ignore the people around. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? New communication technology seems to keep away from each other. With e-mail over the Internet, we can communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With WeChat or QQ, you can have conversations without even meeting that person. Even some food stores are using self-scanners so that you can check yourself out. As the contact between human beings becomes automated, my feeling of being disconnected gets stronger. Don’t get me wrong. I’m not against machines. I also own a mobile phone, a QQ, a WeChat and an e-mail account. Giving them up isn’t a good idea, as they are useful to have around. It’s just that when they keep us away from human contact, I begin to feel sad. Moreover, I find myself answering e-mail instead of talking to people. The technology that was made to help keep us in contact with each other is, in fact, making me feel more lonely. What is to be done? Well, try to use less technology: no e-mailing people who live nearby, and no letting QQ and WeChat catch you all the time. 1．The purpose of the example in Paragraph 1 is to show that ________. A．mobile phones bring a lot of convenience to people B．mobile phones result in ignoring the others around C．people communicate more easily with mobile phones D．people are good at using mobile phones in their daily life 2．The underlined word “disconnected” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．lonely B．satisfied C．stupid D．interested 3．It can be inferred from Passage 2 that ________. A．technology keeps people busier than before B．technology is always useful to have around C．the writer is going to give up the mobile phone D．the writer would like to contact people face to face 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Technology and Human Life B．The Importance of Technology C．Technology and Human Contact D．The Development of Technology 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解-推理判断&词义猜测 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 5 03 题型通关·靶向突破 6 考点一 题型破解 6 考点二 词义猜测 8 04 优题精选·练能提分 10 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情分析 推理判断题命题特点分析 一、命题形式 主要为四选一单项选择题 常置于文末，作为综合理解类题目出现 题干常见表述： “Where is the text probably from?” “What is the best title for the text?” “What does the writer mainly want to tell us?” “What can we learn from the passage?” 二、考查层次 局部推理：基于某一段落或句群进行逻辑推断 整体推理：需综合全文信息，把握作者意图、文本来源或主旨导向 跨文本推理：在多文本或图文结合类题目中，需整合不同信息源进行判断 三、选项设计特点 强干扰项：往往使用原文中出现的细节信息，但与题干要求不符 过度延伸项：推断超出文本合理范围，缺乏直接依据 片面概括项：仅反映局部信息，不能代表全文主旨 正确选项特征：通常具有概括性、间接性，需通过文本逻辑推导得出 四、材料依赖性强 推理过程必须基于文本明示或隐含的信息 不鼓励学生依赖个人经验或背景知识进行主观臆断 正确答案在文中必有线索支撑，体现“文本为本”的命题原则 词义猜测题命题特点分析 一、选词特点 非超纲词汇居多：多为学生已学词汇，但考查其在特定语境中的含义 一词多义现象突出：考查词汇在具体上下文中的引申义、比喻义或语境义 文化负载词偶现：如“went viral”等具有时代或文化特色的表达 二、语境线索类型 定义解释线索：文中直接给出词汇解释或同义表述 对比反义线索：通过转折词（如but, however）或对比语境提示词义 举例说明线索：通过“for example”、“such as”等引出具体事例阐明词义 因果逻辑线索：通过因果关系推断词汇在语境中的作用与含义 并列同义线索：通过and、or等连接的同义或近义表达推断词义 三、选项设计特点 字面义干扰：设置该词汇最常见或字面的含义作为干扰项 无关联想干扰：利用学生可能产生的常识联想设置无关选项 反义干扰：偶尔设置与正确词义相反的选项 正确选项特征：最贴合上下文逻辑，且能使该句在文中通顺合理 四、考查能力复合性 不仅考查词汇理解，同时间接考查： 句子结构分析能力 段落逻辑把握能力 跨句信息整合能力 体现了“词不离句，句不离篇”的语言学习原则 五、答案可验证性 学生必须回文验证，将所选词义代入原文看是否通顺合理 强调“用语境解词”而非“死记硬背”的词汇学习策略 命题预测 一、推理判断题预测 1. 命题选材将更贴近“大主题、小切口” 预测：继续以中华优秀传统文化、科技自立自强、生态文明、青少年成长等主题为主线，但选材角度会更具体、更生活化。 示例方向： 传统文化：可能选取“非遗传承人的一天”“一首古诗背后的地理故事”等叙事性文本。 科技成就：可能聚焦于一项具体技术（如人工智能辅助医疗）的应用过程或人物故事，而非简单罗列成果。 成长主题：可能通过一个具体情境（如如何解决校园矛盾、完成一个项目）来体现合作、创新、坚韧等品质。 2. 推理层次将更注重“多步推断”与“综合判断” 预测：单纯依靠定位细节即可作答的题目将减少，更多题目需要学生串联多处信息，进行多步逻辑推导。 示例题型： “What will the writer probably do next?”（预测后续行为） “How does the writer organize the passage?”（篇章结构推断） “What is the relationship between the two characters?”（人物关系推断） 3. 非连续性文本的推理题比例可能增加 预测：结合图表、示意图、时间线、对话截图等多模态文本进行推理的题目将更常见。 考查重点：从图文之间、不同数据之间寻找关联，推断深层信息或作者意图。 4. 选项设计将更具思辨性 预测：干扰项将更隐蔽，可能涉及： 合理但非最佳的推断。 基于部分事实但结论片面的推断。 符合常识但与文本主旨不符的推断。 二、词义猜测题预测 1. 所选词汇将更具“语境反差感” 预测：更倾向于选择那些常见词汇在特定专业、文化或修辞语境中的非常用义。 示例方向： 科技文中的生活化词汇（如“cloud”在计算语境中指“云存储”）。 文学作品中的具象词用作抽象义（如“bridge the gap”中的“bridge”）。 网络时代新词或旧词新义（如“种草”“打卡”在特定语境中的含义）。 2. 语境线索将更隐蔽、更多元 预测：将减少使用“that is to say”“meaning”等明显的定义线索，更多依赖： 整体段落氛围（如通过描述性语言推断情感色彩词义）。 跨句逻辑关系（如通过前后句的因果、让步关系推断）。 文化背景暗示（如通过中国传统习俗描写推断特定文化负载词）。 3. 更加考查“词义选择与语境匹配”的能力 预测：选项可能提供多个在其它语境下都合理的词义，但只有一个能完美嵌入当前文本的特定逻辑和风格。 示例：考查“light”一词，在“light of the snow”（物理光线）和“light of hope”（比喻义）之间的精确区分。 4. 可能融入“词语赏析”的初步考查 预测：在猜测词义的基础上，可能轻微涉及对词语表达效果的提问。 示例题型： “Why does the writer use the word ‘...’ here?”（体会词语的精确性或生动性） “The underlined word creates a sense of ______.”（感受词语营造的氛围） 考点一 题型破解 一、命题解读 推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，mostlikely等。所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。 二、解答策略 一、逻辑推理法 核心要点：利用上下文关系（如因果、转折、比较）进行深层推断，常涉及作者言外之意。 对应真题示例： 2025年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处推断）：需根据文章语言风格（新闻报道式）、内容（列举2024年科技成就）和时效性，推断其最可能出自报纸（C. A newspaper）。此推理基于对新闻文体特征的常识性把握。 2025年新疆中考题D阅读4题（最佳标题选择）：需综合全文三个家庭故事，推断出作者的核心意图是传递“从故事中获得启发”，而非仅仅概括某个具体行为（如A、B、C选项）。这是对文章整体逻辑和主旨的深层推理。 2024年新疆中考题C阅读4题（作者情感推断）：通过作者拟人化的提问“Can you see the smile on its face?”，结合全文对馒头走向世界的自豪描述，推断作者的情感是骄傲的（A. Being proud）。这需要理解修辞背后的情感色彩。 2024年新疆中考题D阅读4题（主旨大意推断）：需在理解“狗和猿都会开玩笑”的具体例子基础上，推断出文章的核心论点（B. Some animals can play jokes.），而非局限于某个细节。 二、观点态度判定法 & 目的意图判定法（写作目的判定法） 核心要点：通过作者的措辞、语气和细节侧重，推断其观点态度或写作目的。这两者常紧密相关。 对应真题示例： 2024年新疆中考题C阅读4题（作者情感推断）：是典型的观点态度判定。通过分析作者使用的“smile”一词及其拟人化、正向的语境，判定其自豪的态度。 2024年新疆中考题D阅读4题（最佳标题选择）& 第51题（最佳标题选择）：均是目的意图判定法的应用。需超越细节，推断作者通过讲述家庭故事或马拉松事例，旨在传递的深层意义或核心价值（如“获得灵感”、“理解马拉松的意义”）。 三、文章出处判定法 & 读者对象判定法 核心要点：根据文章的语言特征、内容题材、格式推断其来源（如报纸、杂志）或目标读者。 对应真题示例： 2025年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处）：是典型的文章出处判定。根据其信息性、时效性和客观陈述的风格，判定为报纸。 2024年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处）：根据文章是介绍四位杰出人物的成就概览，形式类似人物简介，判定其可能出自杂志（B. In a magazine）。 2023年新疆中考题B阅读5题（文章出处）：根据文章介绍多个创新发明，具有新闻性和普及性，判定其可能出自报纸（B. A newspaper）。 读者对象判定在附件真题中未直接设问，但隐含在篇章选择中。例如，介绍科技成就或励志故事的文章，其隐含读者通常是普通大众或青少年学生。 四、论证方式判定法 核心要点：识别作者为支撑观点所使用的论证方法（如举例、列数据、作比较）。 对应真题示例： 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第3题（篇章结构图选择）：此题要求判断文章整体结构。文章首段总起，中间三段分别用举例论证（读书减轻压力、保护大脑、助眠）来说明读书的好处，最后总结。选择正确的结构图（B选项），即是对“总-分-总”结构中“分”的部分为并列举例论证的理解。阅读关于读书好处的文章：全文使用举例论证和引用研究（列数据） 的方式来论证“读书有益”的观点。 考点二 词义猜测 一、命题解读 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和 文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 二、解答策略 一、词义猜测法与短语猜测法 这两种方法在本质上高度一致，均需利用上下文语境进行推测，区别仅在于考查对象是单词（词义猜测）还是词组（短语猜测）。在附件真题中，主要以词义猜测形式出现。 核心要点：通过定义、对比、因果、举例、同义/反义替换等上下文线索，推断目标词/短语的含义。 对应真题与解题策略分析： 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第1题（猜测“bother”的词义）： 线索句: "...needn't worry about the problems that bother you."（不必为那些______你的问题烦恼。） 策略应用: 这里采用逻辑关系（因果/定义）猜测法。前文说“读书可以隔绝喧闹世界”，因此“不必为那些______你的问题烦恼”构成因果/解释关系。能让人“烦恼”的问题，自然是“困扰”人的问题。 推断过程: 不需要烦恼 = 问题被解决或不是困扰 → 因此“bother”应意为“困扰、使烦恼”。 答案: A. Trouble. 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第2题（猜测短语“went viral”的含义）： 线索句: "The video quickly went viral on the Internet. In no time, 'Chinese Steamed Buns...' became a hot topic."（视频迅速在互联网上______。很快，“中国馒头……”成了热门话题。） 策略应用: 这里采用同义/结果关系猜测法。后半句“成了热门话题（became a hot topic）”直接解释了前半句“went viral”的结果。 推断过程: 导致成为热门话题 = 迅速传播、变得非常流行。 答案: D. Became popular. 2023年新疆中考题D阅读第3题（猜测“endurance”的词义）： 线索句: "...a marathon tests a runner's endurance and psychological quality (心理素质)"（马拉松考验跑步者的______和心理素质。） 策略应用: 这里采用并列关系与对比猜测法。首先，“endurance”与“心理素质”并列，同属被考验的内在品质。其次，前文将“800米跑”与“马拉松”对比，前者“more about speed（更关乎速度）”，由此推断马拉松更关乎的是与“速度”相对的另一种能力。 推断过程: 与“速度”相对，且与“心理素质”并列的内在品质 → 持久力、耐力。 答案: C. 忍耐力。 二、根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法 核心要点：利用上下文中出现的同义替换或反义对比信号词来推断词义。 对应真题分析： 2025年新疆中考题C阅读第1题（“bother”）也隐含了此方法。虽然没有明显的“but, however”等反义信号，但“keep the noisy world out（隔绝喧闹世界）”与“needn't worry about the problems（不必为问题烦恼）”在效果上构成同向关系，暗示“bother”的问题就是需要被“隔绝”的“喧闹”的一部分，即“令人烦恼的”。 此方法在附件真题中未作为主要线索单独凸显，但它是构成语境逻辑的重要部分，常与其他方法结合使用。 三、构词法猜词法 核心要点：利用词根、前缀、后缀知识推断词义。 对应真题分析： 在附件真题的词义猜测题中，未出现典型的依赖构词法解题的词汇。考查的“bother”、“went viral”、“endurance”均无法直接通过拆分构词来确定准确含义，必须依赖语境。 教学提示：尽管真题未直接考查，但构词法知识是学生词汇积累和自主阅读的重要工具，应作为基础能力进行培养，以备应对未来可能出现的相关考查。 四、指代猜测法 核心要点：根据“就近指代”原则，判断划线代词（如it, they, them, this, that等）所指代的上文内容。 对应真题分析： 附件真题中未设置独立的指代猜测题。但该能力是阅读理解的基础，贯穿于所有细节理解和逻辑推理题中。例如： 2025年新疆中考题B阅读第4题（细节理解）中，理解“It was launched...”中的“It”指代前一句的“Shi Jian-19”，是解题的前提。 2025年新疆中考题B阅读第2题（排序题）中，理解“she starts by opening and washing it”中的“it”指代前文“each bag”，是理解步骤的关键。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 说明文 科技与社会 介绍微信的功能、便利性、潜在危险及未来发展趋势 贴近学生日常生活，结合图文理解题；结构分析题考查总分结构；选项设置贴近实际应用场景 2 记叙文 人与社会、情感 父亲在公墓放石头的习惯，体现陌生人与逝者之间的情感联系与善意 通过细节推理揭示深层情感；词义猜测结合上下文情感逻辑；标题概括题强调“小事物、大情感” 3 说明文 人与自然、健康 探讨自然对身心健康的积极作用，以及现代社会与自然的疏离问题 段落配对题考查信息匹配能力；推断题结合段落主旨与作者态度；强调“重建自然”的现实意义 4 说明文 人与社会、文化 介绍武汉吉庆街的美食与文化，反映城市复苏与生活气息 结合时事（疫情解封）考查语境理解；文化元素与文学作品的融合；来源推断题贴近生活实际 5 记叙文 人与自我、励志 身有残疾的少年通过努力学会弹钢琴，最终实现梦想 强调“意志力战胜困难”；细节与推理结合；人物形象鲜明，情感激励强 6 说明文 人与历史、文化 介绍茶圣陆羽的生平与《茶经》的创作过程 时间顺序题考查事件逻辑；人物关系与共同兴趣的理解；文化传承与个人奋斗结合 7 议论文 人与自我、教育 分析“草莓孩子”现象及其成因，提出心理韧性的培养建议 比喻性词汇引入社会现象分析；词义猜测结合教育语境；建议类题目贴近学生实际 8 说明文 科技与农业 介绍无人机在农业中的多种应用，展现科技对农业的革新作用 图文结合说明科技应用；词义猜测结合农业语境；细节与推理题考查多段落信息整合 9 议论文 人与社会、心理 探讨孤独感与社交质量的关系，强调情感连接的重要性 对比两种社交模式；段落功能分析题；词义猜测结合语境逻辑；强调“情感连接”在数字时代的意义 10 议论文 科技与社会 反思通讯技术虽便利却可能导致人际疏离，呼吁减少对科技的依赖 开篇设问引发思考；词义猜测结合情感态度；推断作者态度；标题概括题突出“科技与人际关系”主题 Passage 1 WeChat, known as Weixin in China, is a mobile phone communication service which was developed after QQ by Tencent on January 21, 2011 in China. It has been the most popular in China. It is so easy to use WeChat. First, you can register WeChat with your phone number, and then add your friends’ numbers in your contact list. It works just like talking on QQ. You can send your pictures and share your feelings. And your friends are able to find them as soon as they get online. What’s more, they can also give you their comments（评价）such as “ ”. WeChat is powerful. It can send voice messages, text messages, pictures and videos. Varied information could be sent to your friends. Besides, Wechat provides us with services such as shopping, games, news and e-banks, which are popular with most people. For example, if you want to order a dinner in a restaurant, you can just scan its QR code by your WeChat and order the dinner without making a call or visiting the restaurant. You can even pay for it by WeChat. In this way, it will help you save time and money. WeChat is supported on Wifi, 2G, 3G and 4G. So you can chat with your family or friends in a new way by using your phone at a low price anytime and anywhere. Even though your friends stay abroad, they are still able to use WeChat to communicate with you and share their interesting experiences with you. However, there are some dangers of WeChat. It is often reported that many traffic accidents are caused by careless drivers who can’t help playing on WeChat while driving. And some bad guys even use WeChat to gamble (赌博), which breaks the law. Luckily, WeChat is improved now and then. So it seems impossible that WeChat will be replaced in the near future. It is going to solve these difficulties and develop better and better. 1．The underlined word “register” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese. A．注销 B．登录 C．注册 D．验证 2．We can learn from the passage that_________________  . A．people could use WeChat in January, 2010 B．people can use WeChat to order food at home now C．people can’t talk with their friends abroad on WeChat D．people can share only messages at any time on WeChat 3．How is the passage organized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the writer’s opinion about WeChat? A．WeChat will be better in the future with its development. B．WeChat can help us do everything because it is powerful. C．It is too dangerous to use WeChat because it may cause accidents. D．WeChat will be replaced in the future because it may cause gamble. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【分析】短文大意：本文是科普文，介绍了微信的使用方法、强大功能和发展趋势。 1．题意：第2段划线的“register”在汉语中是________的意思。考查词义理解题。根据下文and then add your friends’ numbers in your contact list.，可知是先注册，故选C。 2．题意：从这篇文章中我们可以了解到 。考查细节理解题。A. people could use WeChat in January, 2010人们在2010年1月使用微信；根据第一句WeChat, known as Weixin in China, is a mobile phone communication service which was developed after QQ by Tencent on January 21, 2011 in China.，可知说法错误。B. people can use WeChat to order food at home now现在人们可以用微信在家里点餐；根据For example, if you want to order a dinner in a restaurant, you can just scan its QR code by your WeChat and order the dinner without making a call or visiting the restaurant.，可知说法正确。C. people can’t talk with their friends abroad on WeChat 人们不能在微信上和国外的朋友聊天；根据Even though your friends stay abroad, they are still able to use WeChat to communicate with you and share their interesting experiences with you.，可知说法错误。D. people can share only messages at any time on WeChat人们在任何时候只能在微信上分享信息；根据Varied information could be sent to your friends. Besides, Wechat provides us with services such as shopping, games, news and e-banks, which are popular with most people.，可知说法错误。综合以上分析，故选B。 3．题意：这篇文章是如何组织的?考查结构理解题。根据短文内容，第一段介绍微信受欢迎（总述），第二段介绍微信的使用（分述），第三段和第四段介绍微信的功能（分述），第五段介绍微信的危险（分述）。可知是总分式结构，故选D。 4．题意：下面哪一个是作者对微信的看法?考查主旨理解题。根据最后Luckily, WeChat is improved now and then. So it seems impossible that WeChat will be replaced in the near future. It is going to solve these difficulties and develop better and better. 微信不时地得到改进…会发展得越来越好，可知选A。 Passage 2 My father was a cemetery（公墓）keeper. When I was a child, he often took me there. Before we left each time, he would lay some stones on some graves（坟墓）.I never asked why. I just thought that was his work. Yesterday, I visited my sick father. He asked me to go to the cemetery and lay some stones. For some reason, it had to be done that day. I agreed. I hadn't been there for a long time. When I got there, I found a woman in front of one of the graves I would lay a stone on.As I bent to lay it, I heard her whisper“ Thank you”. It was then that I noticed the date of death on the grave was that same day. The grave was that of a child, only five when he died fifteen years ago. “ He's my son,” she said. “But, where’s your father? He was always the one to leave the stone.” I told her that my father was ill but he asked me to do this. It seemed important to him. “Your father’s kindness means more to me than anything else. When my child died, I came often to see him. It is our custom to leave a stone. It tells the one who is here that he is thought of. But, then we moved away from here. so many painful memories…. I was so afraid that he would be alone. But your father marked the grave every time he came. Each time I returned here, I saw that stone and it always comforted me. Your father is the kind of man who would ease the pain of a mother’s heart though we are strangers. Just tell him you saw me today, won’t you?” She said. It took me a minute to find my voice. That small stone marked the grave of a child and the heart of his mother. 1．The underlined phrase“ some reason＂ in Paragraph2 refers to(指代)_______. A．the writer had been away from the cemetery for a long time B．the woman’s child died on that day fifteen years ago C．the writer's father was always the one to leave the stone D．the writer’s father would meet the woman that day 2．What does the underlined word "ease"in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Increase B．Cause C．Reduce D．Express. 3．According to the passage， we can infer(推断)___________. A．the writer understood his father in the end B．laying stones was part of a cemetery keepers work C．the woman knew the writers father well fifteen years ago D．the stone marked the grave of a child and the heart of his mother 4．What's the best title of the passage? A．A Strange Custom B．One Small Stone, Unforgotten C．A Cemetery Keeper D．Painful Memories, Unforgotten 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【分析】这篇短文是一篇记叙文，短文讲述的是作者的父亲是公墓看守人，作者小时候，父亲经常带他去那儿。每次离开的时候，父亲总是会在一些坟墓上放一些石头，作者不知道是怎么回事。后来父亲生病了，让作者代替他去墓地放石头。作者在那里看到了一个女人，从那个女士那里，作者知道了父亲放石头的原因。原来在坟墓上放石头是他们的一个风俗，这代表着有人还想念着死去的人。作者的父亲一直都替他们做着这件事，作者知道了父亲的善良。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段，出于某些原因，这件事情今天不得不做，联系下文第三段，“ It was then that I noticed the date of death on the grave was that same day. ”这句，说明今天这个日子是那位女士孩子死亡的日期。故应选B。 2．词义猜测题，根据第五段这句话，“I saw that stone and it always comforted me”.那块石头总是能安慰我，所以后半句可以推断出父亲是一个减少了一个母亲内心的痛苦的人，A.增加，B.引起，D.表达。故应选C。 3．推理判断题。根据短文第五段和第六段的内容可知，作者听了那个女士的话，最终理解了父亲为什么要在坟墓上放石头，也理解了父亲的善良，故A选项符合文意，选A。B选项说“放石头是父亲工作的一部分”，不符合文章意思；这位母亲和作者父亲不认识，他们是陌生人，故C不对；D选项在原文中直接提到了，不是推断的。 4．主旨大意题。根据文意可知，文章围绕石头这个线索展开，这个小石头宽慰了一个失去孩子的母亲的心，是难以遗忘的。B选项这个题目最能概括文章主题，点明文章主旨，故应选B。 【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，短文讲述了作者善良的父亲，在坟墓上放石头，宽慰了一个失去孩子的母亲的心。文章叙述清晰，比较容易掌握大意，但文章中有一些难理解的句子，需要在理解中好好体会其中的含义。题目设置有词义猜测题、推理判断题和主旨大意题，有一定的难度。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据上下文语境，结合选项，体会文章深意，选择最佳的答案。例如第2小题，这是一个猜测词义的题目，根据第五段这句话，“I saw that stone and it always comforted me”.那块石头总是能安慰我，所以后半句可以推断出父亲是一个减少了一个母亲内心的痛苦的人，A.增加，B.引起，C减少，D.表达。故应选C。再如第3小题，这是一个推断题，根据短文第五段和第六段的内容可知，作者听了那个女士的话，最终理解了父亲为什么要在坟墓上放石头，也理解了父亲的善良，故A选项符合文意，选A。B选项说“放石头是父亲工作的一部分”，不符合文章意思；这位母亲和作者父亲不认识，他们是陌生人，故C不对；D选项在原文中直接提到了，不是推断出来的。 Passage 3 How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty—first century. As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D—virtual—reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people's in the other group. The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks. Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai (迪拜), for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea (韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature. 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．Teenagers’ problem in the 21st century. B．How much time we spend outdoors. C．Visiting your local park. D．Feeling about nature. 2．Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer. ①the USA       a. Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside. ②Dubai        b. About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year. ③Switzerland     c. A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built. ④South Korea     d. 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. A．①—a ②—d ③—b ④—c B．①—d ②—c ③—a ④—b C．①—a ②—c ③—d ④—b D．①—d ②—c ③—b ④—a 3．What do the results of the studies show? A．More and more Canadians will live near parks. B．The maths test is difficult and makes people nervous. C．Nature can help people feel more relaxed and be healthier. D．People's heart rates get slower in a 3D—virtual—reality room. 4．What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage? A．Nature is more important than cities. B．Country life is healthier than city life. C．People have lived in the cities for so long.D．Nature should be part of people’s daily life. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大自然对人类的身体健康有益，一些国家和城市正在积极地采取措施，让大自然成为我们生活的一部分。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside…Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty—first century”可知，本段主要以加拿大、美国等国家人们的户外活动时间情况为例，介绍了如今人们的户外活动时间正在逐渐减少。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day”可知，美国只有10%的青少年每天都在户外活动，故①—d；根据“In Dubai(迪拜), for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden…”可知，迪拜的一座带有大花园的新的购物中心即将建成，故②—c；根据“In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside”可知，在瑞士，“森林学校”很受欢迎。小学生们在森林里学习他们的科目，在外面做大量的运动，故③—a；根据“And South Korea (韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year”可知，在韩国，每年大约有1300万人参观城市附近的森林，故④—b。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada”可知，实验结果显示，自然能够帮助人们放松，并且让人们更健康。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life…So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature”可知，在建设了这么长时间的城市之后，也许现在是时候开始重建自然了，这句话意味着“我们应该重建自然，让自然成为我们生活的一部分”。故选D。 Passage 4 Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people. Since Wuhan was unlocked on April 8, there have been many people lining up at snack shops there. In the evening, hundreds of street-side stalls(摊位) come out on the street and provide popular snacks and local food at low prices. Travelers can enjoy hot dry noodles, tasty chicken soup and Chinese dumplings... Don't miss Jiujiu duck necks. Chi Li, a popular writer, tells a love story of a beautiful lady who sells duck necks in this street in her novel Life Show. Thousands of people come to search for the scenes (场景) in the novel. Local people like to order several best-known dishes and some bottles of beer and spend their evening time with friends there. For travelers, another exciting thing is the folk music performed by folk musicians at your table. You can enjoy delicious food when listening to music. With the street becoming busy, the city began to breathe again. 1．Jiqing Street is a good place to________. A．study English B．try local food C．tell love stories D．go skating 2．According to the passage, Chi Li mentions________ in her novel Life Show. A．Chinese dumplings B．hot dry noodles C．chicken soup D．duck necks 3．How do you understand the underlined part "the city began to breathe again" in the last paragraph? A．The air becomes fresh again. B．The water gets clearer. C．The city becomes lively again. D．The food gets nicer. 4．The material is probably from________. A．a travel website B．a history book C．a science magazine D．a dictionary 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【分析】武汉的吉庆街是品尝当地美食、体验当地人日常生活的好地方。自从4月8日，武汉解封以来，那里的小吃店前就开始有很多人排队了，街道又开始忙碌起来，武汉这座城市苏醒过来了。 1．细节理解题。根据短文开头“Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people.”可知，武汉的吉庆街是品尝当地美食、体验当地人生活的好地方。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Chi Li, a popular writer, tells a love story of a beautiful lady who sells duck necks in this street in her novel Life Show.”可知，作家池莉在她的小说中提到了鸭脖。故选D。 3．句意猜测题。根据短文第一段“Since Wuhan was unlocked on April 8”，结合背景常识可知，因为新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，武汉从1月23日开始封城，到4月8日解封。文章从介绍人们对武汉当地美食的喜爱这个角度，告诉我们这座城市重新焕发了生机。C选项“这座城市又活跃起来了”符合语境，故选C。 4．推理判断题。A“旅行网站”；B“历史书”；C“科学杂志”；D“字典”。根据文意可知，这篇短文介绍了武汉解封以来，当地的人们以及游客们又可以享受武汉美食了。短文第二段“Travelers can enjoy hot dry noodles, tasty chicken soup and Chinese dumplings...”和第三段“For travelers, another exciting thing is the folk music performed by folk musicians at your table.”都提到了游客们可以……，因此A选项最符合语境，故选A。 Passage 5 Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried to help, he would say, “Thanks, but I can do it myself.” He learned to use the four fingers to do different things. When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much. “It's too bad you can't play,” his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战).“I will show people that I can,” he said to himself. Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself to play the piano and practised for hours a day. Darrius's favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year to learn it. “I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers,” he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous concert hall! Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today. “I may have a disability,” he says, “ but I don’t let it hold me back from anything.” 1．What did Darrius take as a challenge at the age of 10? A．Writing his music. B．Playing the piano. C．Giving a concert. D．Visiting a hall. 2．How long did it take Darrius to learn to play River Flows in You? A．A year. B．A month. C．A day. D．An hour. 3．Who encouraged Darrius to follow his dream? A．His classmate. B．His father. C．A neighbour. D．A musician. 4．What can we learn about Darrius from the text? A．He has a strong will. B．He bought himself a piano. C．He gave up his dream. D．He only plays others’ music. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【分析】文章大意：本文讲只有四只手指的Darrius喜欢上了弹钢琴，他花费一年的时间学习了他最喜欢的钢琴曲，他坚持自己的梦想创作了自己的音乐。 1．细节理解题。根据第2段中“When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano music very much. ... But the boy took that as a challenge.”可知十岁的Darrius把弹钢琴作为一个挑战。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第4段中“Darrius's favourite piano music isRiver Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year to learn it.”可知学习弹奏《River Flows in You》花费了Darrius一年的时间。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第4段中“Yiruma, a Korean musician”及“Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music.”可知是音乐家李闰珉鼓励Darrius追随自己的梦想。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ 'I may have a disability,' he says, 'but I don’t let it hold me back from anything.'”可知Darrius不会让残疾阻碍自己作任何事情，结合他的经历，可知他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。 Passage 6 When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea. Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药). Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea. In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together. This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea. 1．What is Lu famous for? A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers. C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture. 2．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control 3．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends? A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place. C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences. 4．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage? ①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea. ②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi. ③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu. ④Lu Yu found water quality was important. A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③① 【答案】1．D 3．A 3．A 4．B 【分析】本文主要讲了茶圣陆羽的生平经历及其著作《茶经》。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history﹣Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea " for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture.”可知陆羽之所以出名是因为他在中国茶文化方面的重大影响。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。A帮助；B压力；C保护；D控制，根据第二段中“Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot.”多亏了他老师的_____，他学习了很多，结合选项推断出guidance意思为“帮助”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据上文“Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature and poetry. They soon became good friends.”可知陆羽和崔国辅因为有共同的爱好而成为好朋友，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据上文“As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.”可知陆羽在孩童时期成为邹夫子的学生，所以②排第一，排除CD；根据第三段中“From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.”可知陆羽意识到了沏茶时水质的重要性，所以④排第二，排除A，故选B。 Passage 7 Strawberries look nice, but a light pressure can make them out of shape. Nowadays, there are many young people who are just like strawberries. They easily break down when they face difficulties. They don’t know what to do when they are in trouble. They have a common name—strawberry kids. Why are many students so easy to break down? Parents and schools are a main reason. Parents do almost everything for them in their daily life, while schools care more about their grades instead of developing their personality. Liu Yue, 13, is from Fujian. His mom hardly criticizes him and he always feels good about himself. When a teacher criticized him strictly, he felt surprised and sad. He began to doubt his abilities. Students should do something to make them mentally (精神上) strong. An expert said, “When you are in trouble, don’t ask for help too quickly. You should try to deal with problems first by yourself. I also advise you to take an active part in sports and social activities. That can make you mentally strong.” Growing up is not just a happy process. Pains also go along with it. The most important thing is to face the pains bravely and learn from them. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Some students are called “strawberry kids” because ________. A．they are out of shape under the great pressure B．they easily break down in face of difficulties C．they all like to eat some fruit, for example, strawberries 2．Which is not the main reason for the strawberry kids to break down easily? A．Schools care about their grades. B．Parents do almost everything for them. C．Kids take an active part in sports and social activities. 3．The underlined word “criticize” probably means ________ in Chinese. A．赞扬 B．鼓励 C．批评 4．The writer advised students to________. A．pay more attention to study B．face the difficulties bravely C．care more about their classmates 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【解析】短文主要讲述了现在社会上有许多年轻人称为“草莓孩子”，他们遇到困难就会崩溃，文中讲述对于这些孩子们应该如何解决困难。 1．细节理解题。根据“Nowadays, there are many young people who are just like strawberries. They easily break down when they face difficulties现在，有很多年轻人就像草莓一样。他们面对困难时很容易崩溃”，可知是因为草莓孩子面对困难时很容易崩溃。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Parents and schools are a main reason. Parents do almost everything for them in their daily life, while schools care more about their grades instead of developing their personality.”可知，家长和学校是主要原因。父母在他们的日常生活中为他们做几乎所有的事情，而学校更关心他们的成绩，而不是发展他们的个性。不包含C选项。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“When a teacher criticized him strictly, he felt surprised and sad. He began to doubt his abilities.”他感到惊讶和难过，他开始怀疑自己的能力，由此推断应是老师批评了他。划线部分单词表示“批评”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The most important thing is to face the pains bravely and learn from them.”可知，作者建议学生们要勇敢地面对痛苦（即困难），并从中学习。故选B。 Passage 8 What can drones do? Their many uses include taking pictures from the sky, observing（观察）wild animals and delivering packages. Now these small flying robots are leading a new farming revolution（革命）, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. When equipped（装备）with cameras and other data-gathering devices, drones provide us with an eye in the sky. Here are a few of the farming-related jobs drones can do. Looking for sick crops Drones can scan（扫描）crops using different kinds of light. Then, they produce multispectral images（多谱图像）that can help us find sickly yellow plants within fields of green. Drones can also detect bacteria（检测细菌）that are harmful to crops in the air from a few kilometers away. Farmers can check the drones’ air samples（样本）and try to find ways to protect their crops before the bacteria get to them. Counting cattle When flying over cattle, drones can track the livestock and find out where fences need fixing. People can also equip drones with thermal imagers（热像仪）and night-vision cameras. This can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cattle. Water watch Most fields aren’t perfectly flat（平坦的）. After watering, some places may dry out faster than others. Other spots might not get water at all. Drones can scan the field and make a 3-D map. Using the map, farmers can figure out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement. Spraying pesticide（喷洒农药） Different parts of a field might be uneven or have different altitudes（高度）. Drones can check for this when flying above the land. Then, they change their height and therefore spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field. This is more efficient than traditional pesticide spraying. Drones can finish spraying a field up to five times faster than with traditional machinery, according to a study from MIT. 1．What can drones do to help farmers with their farming? A．Take pictures. B．Look at wild animals. C．Deliver packages. D．Look for sick crops. 2．What do drones need to help guard cattle at night? A．Wooden fences. B．Air samples. C．Night-vision cameras. D．3-D printers. 3．What does the underlined word “uneven” probably mean? A．不肥沃的 B．不相连的 C．不平衡的 D．不平坦的 4．What do we know from the story? A．Drones can’t detect bacteria unless crops are sick. B．Drones can fight dangerous animals. C．Drones can help farmers make sure fields are properly watered. D．Drones are better at spraying pesticide over flat land. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【分析】本文主要讲了无人机在农业方面的四大作用，无人机可以寻找生病的庄稼，数牛，监测水以及喷洒农药。 1．推理判断题。根据文章内容，无人机在农业方面有四大作用：Looking for sick crops，Counting cattle，Water watch and Spraying pesticide，结合选项可知D选项正确。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文中第六段“People can also equip drones with thermal imagers（热像仪）and night-vision cameras. This can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cattle.”可知，人们可以为无人机配备热像仪和夜视相机， 这样可以帮助农民寻找可能伤害他们牛的动物，所以可以配备夜视相机来看守他们的牛。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据后面“or have different altitudes或者有不同的高度”及“they change their height and therefore spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field. 他们改变高度，因此在每一块田地喷洒正确数量的农药。”结合选项可知，uneven应该意为“不平坦的”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文中“Drones can also detect bacteria（检测细菌）that are harmful to crops in the air from a few kilometers away.”可知，无人机还可以从几公里外的空气中检测到对作物有害的细菌，故选项A错误；通过文中第六段内容“This can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cattle”可知无人机可以帮助农民寻找可能伤害他们牛的动物，并不是与之作斗争，故选项B错误；根据文中第八段内容“Drones can scan the field and make a 3-D map. Using the map, farmers can figure out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.”可知，无人机可以扫描现场并制作三维地图，利用地图，农民可以找出一块田地的哪些部分是干的或需要改进的，故选项C正确；根据文中最后一段“they change their height and therefore spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field.”可知，无人机在不平坦的田地里喷洒农药更有优势，故选项D错误。故选C。 Passage 9 Why We Need Each Other John lives alone but is very social. He has many friends with whom he spends a lot of time and sees frequently. However, he feels sad and disappointed because his friendships don’t seem to meet his needs. Albert lives alone and has two close friends whom he sees occasionally. When he meets with them, he has a good time talking about current events and sports as well as each other’s thoughts and feelings. When he is not at work or in the company of others, Albert does not feel lonely because he spends time engaging in activities that interest and energize him. Generally, loneliness is a negative condition resulting from a state of aloneness. People who desire more interpersonal relationships than they actually have can develop feelings of loneliness. How much social connectedness a person needs influences how much aloneness they can accept. However, it is not the number of social relationships that determines whether people feel lonely. Rather, it is the emotional and cognitive reactions (认知反映) the individual experiences in relation to these connections that play a role in experiencing loneliness. For example, social interactions where an individual feels the following are linked with loneliness: distrust, emotional conflict, lack of social support. John and Albert both live alone and have friends; yet, the one with the more active social life feels lonely. Why? Being alone can result in negative reactions related to loneliness (e.g., sadness, hopelessness) or it can have positive reactions related to loneliness (e.g., spiritual and creative growth, restoring one’s health and energy). John’s relationships don’t seem to provide him with what he needs or wants—enjoyment or meaning—and so he feels very lonely. On the other hand, Albert seems to benefit from the interactions he has with his friends, and also happens to enjoy his time alone. In addition, Albert doesn’t seem to want more interpersonal connections. Humans, because of necessity, evolved into social beings. Dependence on and cooperation with each other enhanced our ability to survive under such difficult environmental circumstances. Although the survival threats of these circumstances have lessened in today’s world, people continue to have a need to connect with others. Indeed, the lack of such connections can lead to many problems, including loneliness. In our advanced digital age, one of the common concerns regarding the increasing emergence of loneliness is how we have become less caring of others. At one time, our very survival depended on trusting and supportive relationships. Basically, it doesn’t matter how technologically experienced we become; emotional connectivity remains a central part of being human. We need each other. 1．From the passage, we can know that ________. A．when being alone, one must have negative reaction B．much social connectedness leads to one’s loneliness C．continuous emotional connections with others are still needed D．technological experiencing has replaced emotional connectivity 2．The writer wants to tell us ________ in writing the fourth paragraph. A．what determines whether people feel lonely B．what emotional and cognitive reaction are C．what are linked with loneliness D．what we experience in social interactions 3．What does the underlined word “enhanced” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Improved. B．Showed. C．Kept. D．Questioned. 4．Why doesn’t Albert feel lonely when he’s alone? A．Because he talks about some popular topics with his friends. B．Because he has the same thoughts with his friends. C．Because he spends enough time with his friends. D．Because he benefits from relationships and enjoys his time alone. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了孤独是一种不愉快的感觉，文中介绍了两种类型的孤独，并且对alone和lonely进行了区分。 1．推理判断题。根据文中“Humans, because of necessity, evolved into social beings. …people continue to have a need to connect with others. Indeed, the lack of such connections can lead to many problems, including loneliness.”可知，从这篇文章中，我们可以知道仍然需要与他人保持持续的情感联系。故选C。 2．段落大意题。根据文中“However, it is not the number of social relationships that determines whether people feel lonely. Rather, it is the emotional and cognitive reactions (认知反映) the individual experiences in relation to these connections that play a role in experiencing loneliness.”可知，第四段主要是告诉我们是什么决定了人们是否感到孤独。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Dependence on and cooperation with each other”可知，此处是相互依赖和合作增强了我们在这种艰难环境下的生存能力。单词enhanced的意思是“提高，增加”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“On the other hand, Albert seems to benefit from the interactions he has with his friends, and also happens to enjoy his time alone. In addition, Albert doesn’t seem to want more interpersonal connections.”可知，因为他从人际关系中获益，享受独处的时光。故选D。 Passage 10 Aren’t mobile phone, e-mail and voice mail supposed to help us communicate more easily? Sadly, that’s not always the case. Take the other day for example: when I was walking through the park with my friend, suddenly his mobile phone rang and he answered it—leaving me alone and cutting our conversation dead! In fact, the park was filled with people talking on their mobile phones. They were passing other people without even looking at them, or stopping to walk their dogs. Clearly, people can use mobile phones everywhere, but they ignore the people around. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? New communication technology seems to keep away from each other. With e-mail over the Internet, we can communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With WeChat or QQ, you can have conversations without even meeting that person. Even some food stores are using self-scanners so that you can check yourself out. As the contact between human beings becomes automated, my feeling of being disconnected gets stronger. Don’t get me wrong. I’m not against machines. I also own a mobile phone, a QQ, a WeChat and an e-mail account. Giving them up isn’t a good idea, as they are useful to have around. It’s just that when they keep us away from human contact, I begin to feel sad. Moreover, I find myself answering e-mail instead of talking to people. The technology that was made to help keep us in contact with each other is, in fact, making me feel more lonely. What is to be done? Well, try to use less technology: no e-mailing people who live nearby, and no letting QQ and WeChat catch you all the time. 1．The purpose of the example in Paragraph 1 is to show that ________. A．mobile phones bring a lot of convenience to people B．mobile phones result in ignoring the others around C．people communicate more easily with mobile phones D．people are good at using mobile phones in their daily life 2．The underlined word “disconnected” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．lonely B．satisfied C．stupid D．interested 3．It can be inferred from Passage 2 that ________. A．technology keeps people busier than before B．technology is always useful to have around C．the writer is going to give up the mobile phone D．the writer would like to contact people face to face 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Technology and Human Life B．The Importance of Technology C．Technology and Human Contact D．The Development of Technology 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【分析】短文关注的是技术对人类生活的影响，描述了在现代化的时代背景下，人与人的交流更多的是不用面对面，只是手机，语音邮件等就可以了，少了很多人与人面对面的交流，多了些冷漠。建议尽量少用科技，多做面对面的交流。 1．细节理解题。根据“They were passing other people without even looking at them, or stopping to walk their dogs. Clearly, people can use mobile phones everywhere, but they ignore the people around.”可知，本段主要是说人们使用手机而忽略了周围的人们，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据下文“New communication technology seems to keep away from each other.”新的通讯技术似乎使人们彼此疏远，联系段尾“The technology that was made to help keep us in contact with each other is, in fact, making me feel more lonely.”帮助我们保持联系的技术实际上让我感到更加孤独，可知划线词语“disconnected”与lonely意思相近，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Don’t get me wrong. I’m not against machines.”和“It’s just that when they keep us away from human contact, I begin to feel sad.”可知，作者为新的通讯技术似乎使人们彼此疏远而悲哀，他想人们之间应面对面的交流，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Well, try to use less technology: no e-mailing people who live nearby, and no letting QQ and WeChat catch you all the time.”以及整个文章的理解可知，短文主要描述了在现代化的时代背景下，人与人的交流更多的是不用面对面，只用手机、语音邮件等就可以了，少了很多人与人面对面的交流，多了些冷漠，所以C选项“科技与人际交往”符合，故选C。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $