专题03 阅读理解-细节理解题（复习讲义）（新疆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读理解细节理解核心考点，覆盖直接细节、唯一细节、因果细节三大题型，构建“考情剖析-考点突破-真题训练”系统架构，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如关键词定位法）及真题精练，帮助学生突破定位不准等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，如通过端午节习俗、科技成就等中国元素文本，结合“因果标志词定位”等策略提升细节信息提取效率，分层练习（图文题、跨文化题）助力思维品质发展，教师可依托此资料精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生应考能力。

专题03 阅读理解-细节理解 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 3 03 题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 直接细节题 4 考点二 唯一细节题 7 考点三 因果细节题 9 04 优题精选·练能提分 11 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情分析 一、题型概况与占比 在2023年-20205年中考中，细节理解题是考查的绝对核心。 总量：约占总题量的70%。 形式：在判断题（T/F）和单项选择题中均有大量体现，是学生拿分的基础题型。 二、考查方式与典型设问 细节理解题主要考查学生在文中定位并准确提取具体信息的能力。其设问方式直接，答案通常可在原文中找到明确对应。主要包括以下几类： 事实细节题 考查点：人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、方式、数字等。 典型设问/题干： When/Where did... happen? （如：C919何时首飞？） How many...? （如：送入了多少颗卫星？） What can... do? （如：“梦想”号能做什么？） Who invented...? （如：脚踏洗衣机是谁发明的？） 正误判断题（T/F） 考查点：对文中某一具体陈述进行真实性判断。 典型设问：直接陈述一个细节，要求判断其与原文是否一致。 人物/事物特征题 考查点：某个人物的职业、目的、品质，或某事物的特性、制作方式等。 典型设问： What is...'s job/purpose? （如：钱学森的人生目标是什么？张桂梅的职业是什么？） Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true about...? （如：关于馒头，哪项不正确？） 原文对应示例：题25（钱学森目标：为人民服务），题26（张桂梅职业：教师），题31（馒头不止一种吃法）。 三、命题特点与趋势 答案直白，定位关键：绝大多数答案可在文中找到原词或同义替换，不依赖深层推理。解题关键在于快速、准确地定位到相关句子。 分散性细节：信息可能散落在文章的不同位置，需要耐心寻找（如人物传记表格题）。 与图表结合：出现了与图片、表格结合的细节题（如科技成就四幅图、人物信息表），要求学生具备图文信息转换与对应能力。 中国元素凸显：大量细节内容围绕中国成就（科技、体育、文化）、传统故事（囊萤映雪）和当代人物展开，在考查语言能力的同时，融入文化背景。 四、学生常见失分点分析 定位不准或阅读粗糙：未能找到题目关键词在原文中的对应位置，或阅读时遗漏关键修饰词（如数字、否定词、限定条件）。 偷换概念或张冠李戴：选项中使用了原文词汇，但组合或陈述对象错误，造成干扰。 忽略同义表达：有时正确选项并非原文原词，而是进行了同义转述，学生因不熟悉表达方式而误判。 命题预测 一、总体趋势概述 近年来，高考英语阅读理解中的细节理解题一直是考查的重点，其占比稳定在40%-50%之间。根据2023-2025年的真题分析，细节理解题的命题趋势呈现出以下特点：考查频次高、题干特征明显、信息定位明确、干扰项设计多样。预计未来几年，这一趋势将继续保持，并可能进一步细化与深化。 二、具体命题趋势预测 题干设计更隐蔽，注重深层推理 趋势描述：细节理解题的题干设计将更加隐蔽，不再局限于直接询问文中具体信息，而是通过“probably”、“suggest”等词考查深层推理能力。题干可能以what、why、how等疑问词引导，要求考生不仅定位信息，还需进行一定的逻辑推断。 示例：“What does the author imply about the future of renewable energy in paragraph 3?”（作者在第三段中对可再生能源的未来有何暗示？） 同义替换与精简概括成为主流 趋势描述：正确选项的设计将更多地采用同义替换和精简概括的方式。同义替换通过近义词或短语替换原文词汇，考验考生对词汇的灵活运用能力；精简概括则要求考生将文中分散的信息进行归纳总结。 示例：题干中提到“reduce carbon emissions”，选项中可能替换为“cut down on greenhouse gas emissions”。 干扰项设计更加多样且隐蔽 趋势描述：干扰项的设计将更加多样且隐蔽，包括偷换概念、无中生有、过度推断等。偷换概念通过替换原文关键词导致含义偏差；无中生有则引入文中未提及的信息；过度推断则超出原文范围进行不合理延伸。 示例：原文提到“The project is still in its early stages”，干扰项可能设计为“The project has already been completed”（该项目已经完成），偷换了“early stages”与“completed”的概念。 跨学科内容融入，增加专业术语考查 趋势描述：随着高考英语阅读材料选材的广泛化，跨学科内容将更多地融入细节理解题中。文章可能涉及科技、环保、社会热点等多个领域，同时增加专业术语的考查，要求考生具备一定的背景知识和术语解码能力。 示例：在一篇关于人工智能伦理的文章中，题干可能询问“What is the main concern regarding AI-generated content?”（关于人工智能生成内容的主要担忧是什么？），选项中可能包含专业术语如“algorithmic bias”（算法偏见）。 图表与文本结合，考查信息转换能力 趋势描述：未来细节理解题可能更多地结合图表（如柱状图、饼图、折线图等）进行考查，要求考生实现“文本-图表”双向信息转换。考生需从图表中提取关键数据，并与文本信息进行匹配验证。 示例：文章中包含一张关于各国碳排放量的柱状图，题干可能询问“According to the chart, which country had the highest carbon emissions in 2025?”（根据图表，2025年哪个国家的碳排放量最高？） 长难句与复杂结构增多，考验语法分析能力 趋势描述：为了增加题目难度，阅读材料中的长难句和复杂语法结构将增多。细节理解题可能隐藏在长难句中，要求考生具备扎实的语法分析能力，快速定位关键信息。 示例：在一个包含多个定语从句和状语从句的复合句中，题干可能询问“What does the underlined phrase refer to in the context?”（在该语境中，下划线短语指的是什么？） 考点一 直接细节题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 直接细节题是中考英语阅读理解中较为基础的题型，其核心特点在于答案能直接对应原文中的具体信息，学生无需进行深层推理或复杂分析，只需精准定位并匹配文本内容，即可得出正确答案。这种题型主要考查学生的信息检索和文本对照能力，要求学生能快速在语篇中找到关键信息，并准确判断选项与原文表述是否一致。 2. 提问方式 以特殊疑问词引导的问题最为常见，例如：“What did the author do after arriving at the park?”（询问事件内容）；“Who helped the old man carry the heavy box?”（询问人物）；“When did the accident happen?”（询问时间）；“Where did they meet for the first time?”（询问地点）；“How did she solve the problem?”（询问方式） 。这类问题直接指向文本中的具体细节，目标明确。还有 “How many...”“How much...” 等询问数量的问题，如 “How many students participated in the competition?”；以及 “Which of the following is mentioned?”“Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?” 这类要求判断选项信息是否在原文提及或表述是否正确的提问方式。​ 3. 提问标志词 最显著的标志词就是各类特殊疑问词（what、who、when、where、how、why、which、how many、how much 等），这些疑问词直接决定了答案的类型和在文中的检索方向。例如，看到 “when” 就要在文中寻找时间相关表述，看到 “where” 则聚焦于地点信息。 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，定位关键词 拿到题目后，仔细阅读题干，迅速锁定其中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键词。例如，题目问 “When did Tom start to learn painting?”，“Tom” 和 “learn painting” 就是关键信息。利用这些关键词，在原文中快速浏览，定位到相关段落或句子。如果文章较长，可以先观察段落主题句，判断该段落是否可能包含答案，再进行细致查找。比如在一篇讲述人物生平的文章中，关于 “Tom” 的信息可能集中在某几个段落，通过段落主题句快速筛选，能提高查找效率。 第二步：逐题作答，直接匹配 定位到原文相关内容后，将每个选项与原文表述进行逐字逐句的对比。正确答案往往与原文在关键信息上高度一致，甚至表述完全相同。例如，原文中提到 “Tom began to learn painting at the age of 10”，若选项中有 “At the age of 10”，且其他信息也相符，那么该选项很可能就是正确答案。​对于一些同义替换的情况，虽然表述不同，但核心意思一致，也应视为正确。如原文说 “spend a lot of time”，选项中用 “devote much time” 表达，这也属于匹配成功。 第三步：排除干扰，复盘校验 仔细甄别选项，对于那些在原文中完全没有提及的信息，直接予以排除。例如，原文只提到了 “Tom 喜欢画画”，但选项中出现 “Tom 喜欢唱歌”，这就属于非原文信息，应排除。若选项内容与原文表述相互矛盾，也可直接排除。比如原文说 “Tom 是步行去的公园”，而选项说 “Tom 是开车去的公园”，这种矛盾的表述肯定是错误的。在排除干扰项的过程中，要保持细心和耐心，确保不遗漏任何关键信息，从而准确找到正确答案。 考点二 唯一细节题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 唯一细节题在中考英语阅读理解中，属于对学生文本细节把控和精准判断能力要求极高的题型。该题型要求学生从多个选项中筛选出唯一符合原文描述的选项，其核心在于考查学生对语篇信息的精确理解、细致甄别能力，以及对干扰信息的排除能力。学生不仅需要准确找到原文对应内容，还要能辨析各选项间的细微差异，避免因粗心或误读而错选，这对学生的英语阅读理解和逻辑分析能力是一种综合性的考验。 2. 提问方式 “Which of the following is the only correct one?”（以下哪一项是唯一正确的？） 这类提问明确要求学生在所有选项中，找出唯一契合原文内容的答案。例如，在一篇介绍动物习性的文章后，题目给出四个关于该动物生活习性的描述选项，学生需通过对原文的研读，判断哪个选项是唯一准确的。​ “What is the most important detail?”（最重要的细节是什么？）此提问形式侧重于让学生从多个细节信息中，判断出最符合原文主旨或最关键的那个细节。例如，文章讲述一场科学实验，题目给出实验目的、步骤、结果等多个相关细节选项，要求学生选出最能体现实验核心的 “最重要细节” 。​ 有时也会出现如 “Among the following, which one is the exact match to the passage?”（在以下选项中，哪一个与文章内容完全相符？） 或 “Select the single option that accurately reflects the information in the text.”（选择唯一能准确反映文本信息的选项）等类似提问，本质都是要求学生选出唯一正确的细节选项。​ 题目所给选项往往在表述上较为相似，或部分内容与原文相符，但只有一个选项是完全且唯一符合原文的。选项可能涉及对原文中某个概念的解释、某件事情的描述、某个数据的说明等，这些选项会通过替换关键词、改变修饰语、调整逻辑关系等方式设置干扰，增加答题难度。​​ 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，逐项核对 拿到题目后，将每个选项与原文内容进行逐字逐句的比对。从关键词、修饰词、动词时态、逻辑关系等多个维度出发，确保选项中的每一个关键信息都与原文一致。例如，原文表述为 “Last year, the company produced 5000 units of the product.”，若选项中出现 “Last year, the company produced 500 units of the product.”，仅数字不同，就属于与原文不一致的选项。 对于较长的选项，可将其拆解为多个信息点，分别在原文中查找对应内容。比如选项 “Tom, who is a hard - working student, won the first prize in the English competition last month.”，可拆分为 “Tom 是勤奋的学生”“Tom 在上个月的英语竞赛中获奖”“Tom 获得一等奖” 等信息点，逐一核对原文是否有相应表述。在核对过程中，可以在原文中标记出与选项相关的句子，方便对比分析。 第二步：逐题作答，注意绝对词 当选项中出现 “the only”（唯一的）、“most”（最……）、“all”（所有）、“never”（从不）、“always”（总是）等绝对化词汇时，要特别谨慎。这些词汇会极大地限定选项的范围和程度，一旦与原文表述不符，该选项即为错误。例如，原文提到 “Some students like playing basketball.”，而选项为 “All students like playing basketball.”，“all” 这个绝对词使选项与原文不符。​ 但并非所有含绝对词的选项都是错误的，需要结合原文具体分析。若原文明确表述 “The Eiffel Tower is the most famous landmark in Paris.”，那么选项中出现包含 “the most famous” 的正确描述就是合理的。所以，遇到含绝对词的选项，一定要在原文中找到确凿依据，验证其准确性。 第三步：排除干扰，复盘校验 仔细分析每个选项，对于部分正确但并非唯一正确的选项要果断排除。这类选项通常会包含一些与原文相符的信息，但同时又存在错误或不完整的部分。例如，文章介绍某个历史事件的原因，选项 A 提到了其中一个原因，但遗漏了其他关键因素；而选项 B 完整且准确地涵盖了所有原因，此时选项 A 就是部分正确但非唯一的干扰项。​ 此外，一些与原文无关的选项，或者对原文信息进行错误解读、过度推断的选项，也应直接排除。比如，原文讨论的是 “互联网对教育的积极影响”，而选项却在阐述 “互联网对娱乐行业的作用”，这类选项明显与题目要求不符。在排除干扰项时，要始终紧扣题目要求和原文主旨，通过对比和分析，逐步锁定唯一正确的选项。 考点三 因果细节题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 在中考英语阅读理解中，因果细节题聚焦于考查学生对文本中因果逻辑关系的理解与把握能力。此类题目要求学生依据文章内容，准确判断事件、现象或行为之间的因果联系，从选项中选出正确的原因或结果。它不仅检验学生对英语语言的理解能力，更着重考查学生的逻辑分析与推理能力，需要学生能够从复杂的文本信息中抽丝剥茧，理清事件发展的因果脉络，避免因逻辑混淆而错选答案。 2. 提问方式 “What caused…?”（是什么导致了……？）这类提问直接指向事件发生的原因，要求学生从文章中寻找引发特定结果的因素。例如，文章讲述了一场森林火灾，题目问 “What caused the forest fire?”，学生需要在文中仔细查找关于火灾起因的描述，可能涉及人为因素（如乱扔烟头）、自然因素（如雷电天气）等信息来作答。​ “What is the result of…?”（…… 的结果是什么？）该提问侧重于考查事件引发的后果。比如，文章介绍了某种新型农业技术的应用，题目问 “What is the result of using this new agricultural technology?”，学生要在文中提取使用该技术后带来的变化，如农作物增产、土壤改良等作为答案。​ 还有诸如 “Why did…happen?”（为什么…… 会发生？）同样是询问原因；“How did…affect…?”（…… 如何影响……？）关注因果之间的作用关系；“As a consequence of…, what occurred?”（由于……，发生了什么？）强调由特定原因引发的后续事件等提问方式。这些问题从不同角度考查学生对因果关系的理解和分析能力。​ 题目所涉及的因果关系可能存在于文章的某一句话中，也可能分散在多个段落，需要学生通过整合信息来梳理因果脉络。选项设置往往会围绕错误的因果关系、部分正确的因果因素、与原文无关的干扰信息等进行设计。例如，将文中的次要原因作为主要原因呈现，或者把无因果关联的两个事件强行建立因果联系，以此增加答题难度，考查学生对因果逻辑的精准判断能力。​​ 3. 提问标志词 因果细节题最显著的标志是文中的因果关系词。常见的表示原因的词汇和短语有 “because”（因为）、“because of”（由于）、“as”（因为）、“since”（既然；因为）、“due to”（由于）、“owing to”（因为） 等；表示结果的词汇和短语有 “therefore”（因此）、“so”（所以）、“as a result”（结果）、“consequently”（结果；因此）、“thus”（从而；因此） 等。此外，一些具有因果逻辑关系的句式结构，如 “lead to”（导致）、“result in”（导致）、“be responsible for”（对…… 负责；是…… 的原因）、“give rise to”（引起；导致） 等，也是判断因果关系的重要线索。这些标志词和句式结构能够帮助学生快速定位文中的因果关系内容。​​ 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，定位因果句 拿到题目后，先根据题干中的关键词，在文章中快速搜索包含因果关系词或相关句式结构的句子。例如，题目问某事件的原因，可在文中查找 “because”“due to” 等词汇引导的句子；若问结果，则寻找 “therefore”“as a result” 等词汇所在的语句。找到这些句子后，可将其用横线标注出来，方便进一步分析。​ 对于没有明显因果标志词的情况，需要通过分析句子之间的逻辑关系来判断因果。比如，两个句子之间存在 “前者为后者提供条件”“前者的行为引发后者的变化” 等逻辑联系时，就可能存在因果关系。例如，“The factory released a large amount of waste gas. The air quality in the surrounding area deteriorated significantly.” 虽然没有使用因果标志词，但通过逻辑分析可知，工厂排放废气是空气质量恶化的原因。此时，要仔细阅读上下文，准确把握句子间的内在逻辑，定位到真正的因果句。 第二步：逐题作答，排除无关选项 逐一分析选项，对于那些与文中因果关系毫无关联的选项，直接予以排除。例如，文章讨论的是 “某城市交通拥堵的原因”，而选项中提到 “该城市的文化活动丰富”，这与交通拥堵的因果关系无关，应排除该选项。​ 有些选项可能包含部分正确信息，但整体因果关系表述错误，或者将次要原因夸大为主要原因，这类选项也应排除。比如，文章中指出 “某产品销量下降是因为质量问题和市场竞争加剧”，而选项中只强调 “市场竞争加剧” 是唯一原因，忽略了质量问题，这种表述不准确的选项也不符合要求。在排除干扰项时，要紧扣文中的因果关系内容，确保所选答案与原文逻辑一致。 第三步：结合常识，复盘校验 在判断因果关系时，要结合生活常识和一般逻辑，检验选项是否合理。例如，“干旱导致缺水”“过度砍伐森林导致水土流失” 等都是符合常理的因果关系；而 “因为天空是蓝色的，所以今天会下雨” 这种不符合自然规律的因果联系显然是错误的。如果选项中的因果关系违背基本常识，即使文中没有明确反驳的内容，也可判断该选项错误。​ 不过，在结合常识的同时，要以文章内容为首要依据，不能仅凭常识而忽略文中的具体描述。有些情况下，文章可能会阐述一些特殊背景下的因果关系，虽然与常规认知有所不同，但在特定语境下是合理的。例如，在一篇科幻题材的文章中，可能会设定某种特殊物质的出现导致了一系列奇异现象，这种因果关系需要结合文章设定来理解。所以，要在尊重文章内容的基础上，合理运用常识辅助判断，确保所选答案逻辑严谨、合理。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 说明文 人与社会 “体育与健康年”活动推广运动与健康生活 结合国家政策与个人健康；“细节判断题”强化信息定位与理解能力 2 说明文 人与科技 机器人在日常生活与医疗中的应用及与人类的关系 现实科技与未来展望结合；“功能与局限”双向考查 3 应用文 人与健康 三种药品使用说明书，强调用药前阅读说明的重要性 图文结合，生活实用性强；“安全用药”意识培养 4 应用文 人与社会 三则英语教师招聘广告，涉及工作条件、要求与联系方式 多文本对比阅读；信息筛选与比较能力考查 5 应用文 人与社会 班级考试安排通知，包括时间、地点、规则等 真实校园场景；信息提取与规则理解结合 6 说明文 人与文化 端午节的日期、由来与习俗 传统文化与现代生活结合；节日文化内涵理解 7 说明文 人与健康 长时间使用电子屏幕对健康的危害及建议 健康意识与科技使用平衡；“原因—影响—建议”结构化分析 8 说明文 人与科技 智能手机省电技巧与电池维护 生活科技小窍门；“功能设置与节能”实践指导 9 说明文 人与社会 英美日常着装文化与社会场合穿着习惯 跨文化比较；社会礼仪与着装规范理解 10 说明文 人与科技 私营公司进入太空探索领域的发展与挑战 科技与商业结合；“公私合作”新模式探讨 Passage 1 （2025·新疆喀什·三模）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。 Recently our country has started a special “Sports and Health Year” activity. The activity aims to encourage everyone, especially students, to do more sports and pay more attention to their health. Doing sports is very important for us. It can make us strong and healthy. There are many kinds of sports that we can do, such as running, swimming, playing basketball and cycling. Running can help us improve our heart-lung function (功能). Swimming is good for our muscle development. For students, sports can also help us study better. When we exercise, our brains get more oxygen (氧气) which can help us think more clearly in class. In schools, there are more sports activities than before. Some schools hold sports meetings every month. Students can choose the sports they like to take part in. There are also more sports clubs. For example, many students join the football clubs and the badminton clubs. To make this activity more successful, the government has built more sports centers in cities and towns. People can go there to exercise for free. Let’s take part in the “Sports and Health Year” activity and make sports a part of our daily life! 1．The “Sports and Health Year” activity only aims at students. 2．Sports can make our brains get more oxygen so that we can think more clearly. 3．There are fewer sports activities in schools than before. 4．Students can’t choose the sports they like to take part in at school. 5．People have to pay to exercise in the new sports centers built by the government. Passage 2 （2025·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正(T)误(F)。 Robots are becoming more useful in our daily lives. For example, some robots can clean the floor, help carry heavy things or even deliver food in restaurants. These robots are made to follow easy orders. They use sensors (传感器) to avoid hitting walls or people. A popular home robot called “Helper Bot” can sweep floors, play music, and remind people to drink water and so on. Moreover, in modern hospitals, there are robots that can help doctors in simple operations and move medical tools. They make the whole medical process more efficient (高效的). Scientists say robots will do more tasks in the future, especially for the elderly and people with disabilities. They can be used to help the elderly with daily activities like getting dressed or taking medicines. However, robots still need humans to control or repair them. Without human help, robots might meet problems they can’t solve on their own. 1．Robots can only clean the floor and deliver food. 2．“Helper Bot” can play music but cannot sweep floors. 3．Robots use sensors (传感器) to move safely around rooms. 4．Robots are especially designed to help elderly and disabled people in modern hospitals. 5． Humans are not needed to control robots anymore. Passage 3 Here is some information about three kinds of medicine. Do read before use! ① Painkiller Uses: tablets(药片) to treat headache, muscle pain or the common cold Warnings ● ② ●If over two tablets are taken a time, get help from your doctor immediately. How to us ●Adults: Take 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours. 2 tablets a time at most if necessary. ●Children under 12 years: Ask a doctor. Antibiotic Cream Uses: cream to treat pain and infection from small cuts and burns on skin(皮肤) Warnings ●Use on skin only. ● ③ ●Stop using and visit a doctor if you still have the problem after one week. How to use ●Only use on adults and children aged 2 or older. Cough Syrup Uses: a clear, purple liquid for cough and sore throat Warnings ●Keep the bottle tightly closed. ● ④ How to use ●Do not give to children under 1 year old. 1．What should you do if you take over two tablets a time? A．Get help from doctor. B．Stop using it. C．Drink more hot water. D．It doesn’t matter. 2．Can an 8-month baby use the cream? A．Yes, it can. B．Yes, only a little. C．No, it can’t. D．We don’t know. 3．According to the passage, if you cough a lot, ________ can make you feel better. A．the pain killer B．the tablets C．the cream D．the purple liquid 4．Where can we put the sentence “Do not eat!” in this passage? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 5．Which of the following is right? A．The information of medicine is useless. B．You must read information of medicine before use. C．Every kind of medicine can be used by everyone. D．You can take medicine freely without doctor’s advice. Passage 4 A training center in Hangzhou is looking for male (男性的) native English teachers to start from September! Students’ age: 4-16 years old Class size: not more than 13 students per class Working time: weekends 8:00-18:00 weekdays 14:00-18:00 Mondays and Thursdays offWeChat: Y18011000123 One chain (连锁) training center is looking for native or European English teachers in Chengdu, Zhongshan and Yancheng. Students’ age: 1-3 years old & 4-12 years old Class size: 3-15 students per class Working time: weekends 9:00-18:00 weekdays 9:00-18:00 or 12:00-20:00 Mondays and Wednesdays offWeChat: QW3456123 A training center in Qingdao needs full-time English teachers, native or non-native from European countries with excellent pronunciation. Students’ age: 3-8 years old Class size: not more than 10 students in one class Working time: 14:00-20:00 from Wednesdays to Fridays 8:30-19:30 on weekendsWeChat: DariaNalimova 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．The students in the training center in Hangzhou can’t be younger than ________. A．4 years old B．6 years old C．8 years old D．12 years old 2．What’s the class size of the chain training center? A．Not more than 10 students per class. B．Not more than 13 students per class. C．4-12 students per class. D．3-15 students per class. 3．Which of the following is a requirement to hold a job in the training center in Qingdao? A．Available to work for six days a week. B．Excellent English pronunciation. C．Available to start from September. D．Working experience in European countries. 4．The training center in ________ has the longest working hours on weekends. A．Hangzhou B．Yancheng C．Qingdao D．Chengdu 5．All of the training centers are off on ________. A．Mondays B．Tuesdays C．Wednesdays D．Thursdays Passage 5 To the students of Class 3A1. The exams start on 22nd June and end on 23rd June. 2. The time for each of the subjects is: English 22nd June 9:30 am - 10:30 am Maths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pm History 22nd June 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm PE 23rd June 8:00 am - 10:00 am Music 23rd June 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm 3. For the PE test, go to the gym (体育馆). For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests. They will be held in Classroom 3A． 4. No student can enter the exam room more than 15 minutes after the exam starts. 5. No food or drink during ANY exam. 6. No dictionaries during the English test. 7. Wear sports shoes for the PE test. ★ If you have questions, go to the Teachers’ Office before the exams. 1．How long will the maths test be? A．One hour. B．One hour and a half. C．Two hours. D．Two hours and a half. 2．Where will the students of Class 3A be at 2:30 pm on 23rd June? A．At the gym. B．In the Piano Room. C．In their classroom. D．At the’ Teachers’ Office. 3．When will the written tests be held? A．Only on the morning of 22nd June. B．Only on the morning of 23rd June. C．On the morning and afternoon of 22nd June. D．On the morning and afternoon of 23rd June. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The students can drink water during their tests. B．The students can’t take a test if they are ten minutes late. C．The students can’t use dictionaries when taking the English test. D．The students need to wear sports shoes on the morning of 22nd June. 5．The material is probably from a ________. A．storybook B．guidebook C．news report D．notice board Passage 6 The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is also known as Duanwu Festival. It is one of the three most important lunar(阴历的) festivals in China, along with Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan died—the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, so the date varies from year to year, such as it is June 20 in 2015, June 9 in 2016, May 30 in 2017, June 18 in 2018, June 7 in 2019, June 25 in 2020 and June 14 in 2021. Although the date is different, the custom is the same. With a history of over 2000 years, people celebrate it with all kinds of activities on the day. They hold dragon boat racing, eat zongzi, drink realgar wine(雄黄酒), wear sachets(香囊) and so on. But dragon boat racing is the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat Festival. 1．Which of the following is NOT the most important lunar festival in China? A．May Day B．Dragon Boat Festival C．Spring Festival D．Mid-Autumn Festival 2．Why do we celebrate Dragon Boat Festival on this day? A．Because Qu Yuan was born on this day. B．Because Qu Yuan liked this day. C．Because Qu Yuan died on this day. D．Because Qu Yuan hated this day. 3．Dragon Boat Festival is on ________ in 2020. A．June 20 B．May 30 C．June 25 D．June 7 4．________ is the most popular with people in the Dragon Boat Festival. A．Eating zongzi B．Wearing sachets C．Drinking realgar wine D．Dragon boat racing Passage 7 It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health. First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain(劳损), headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone. Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect(影响) how children’s brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens. Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20. Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep. So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime. To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours. 1．The blue light from your screens can cause ________. A．eye strain B．headaches C．dry eyes D．all of the above 2．According to the passage, you can’t sleep well because you ________. A．take a break every 15 minutes B．have lower levels of white matter C．use screens too much before bed D．are the people from 13 to 64 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes. B．A lot of screen time affects children’s brain growth. C．The light from electronics at night may make you excited. D．People of all ages mustn’t use electronics. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The ways to keep healthy. B．The harm of using screens too much. C．The ways to use screens. D．The advantages of using screens. Passage 8 A smartphone’s low battery warning is the only warning that most people take seriously. A dead battery doesn’t have to happen to you. Turning off a few features and changing some settings can extend your battery life. 1. Let there be less light One of the biggest battery drains is your screen, especially for larger smartphones. The longer the screen is on and the brighter it is, the faster your battery goes. Try setting the screen as dark as you can stand it and still read a text. Darkening the screen, by the way, is common among teenagers. But it makes it really hard for Mom and Dad to see what’s showing on their phone. 2. Turn off the signals Your smartphone does a lot of communicating in the background. They’re checking for things like new emails, text messages, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth signals, your location and more. These activities do burn up your battery life, so you want to turn off whatever you aren’t using. Location Services is another feature that drains your battery. It uses GPS and Wi-Fi to tell apps your location. In your settings, you can find out which apps have access to Location Services and turn them off. 3.Turn off notifications Another way to improve battery life is to stop the constant flow of notifications and updates from Facebook, email, games, sites and apps. You mobile phone will automatically pick up these notifications when it’s connected to the internet, and they can have a noticeable impact on battery life. 4. Use battery saving mode For a quick way to extend your battery, simply put your smartphone in Airplane Mode. This shuts down unimportant functions and apps like Wi-Fi, automatic email checking, some updates and more. If used properly, these tips will improve your battery life up to 30 percent. 1．The underlined word “drains” means ________. A．lights up B．burns up C．picks up. D．makes up 2．If you want to extend your battery life, you are advised to use a ________ screen. A．small B．large C．bright D．round 3．We can infer that aged people are likely to ________. A．email family members B．use Location Services C．darken the screen D．brighten the screen 4．Which of the following is NOT the way to extend battery life on your phone? A．Putting the smartphone in Airplane Mode. B．Turning off notifications and updates. C．Shutting down all apps on smartphones. D．Turning off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals. Passage 9 These days most people in Britain and US do not wear very formal clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the right thing. Many British people don’t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts you can put on what you like-from elegant suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy. But in Britain, as well as the US men in offices usually wear suits and ties, and women wear dresses or skirts (not trousers). Doctors, lawyers and business people wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women wear smart dresses. In many ways, Americas are some more relaxed than British people, but they are more careful with their clothes. At home, or on holidays, most Americans wear informal or sporty clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look elegant. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women wear pretty clothes and smart hairstyles. It is difficult to say exactly what people wear in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You’ll feel more relaxed if you don’t look too different from everyone else. 1．Many British people wear freely when they ________. A．attend meetings B．attend lectures C．spend their spare time D．meet their friends 2．Who doesn’t usually wear suits and ties? A．Lawyers. B．Doctors. C．Drivers. D．Secretaries. 3．If you visit an American friend in the evening, you may find that you friend wears ________. A．informal clothes B．pretty clothes C．formal clothes D．dirty clothes 4．If you are in a foreign country, the best way the writer suggests us is to wear ________. A．as the people there do B．strange clothes C．your native clothes D．pretty clothes Passage 10 In 1957, the first spaceship was sent up to travel around the earth, and it started the time of Space Age. Years later, astronauts traveled around the earth and men walked on the moon. Today, space exploration continues, and governments try hard to make new discoveries. However, there has been one big change: private companies are entering the field of space travel. SpaceX has been very successful in space travel. They made the spaceship to work for the International Space Station (ISS). Elon Musk, the boss, wants to do more. He hopes that SpaceX will be able to send people to Mars by 2025. Another fan of space travel is Sir Richard Branson. His company is called Virgin Galactic. He wants to open space travel to everyone. The company has sold almost 700 future trips to space at a high price. The tourists come from countries all over the world and are of different ages. These private companies are lucky. They don’t have to wait for money from the government. However, they also have problems and accidents happen sometimes. In 2014, a Virgin spaceship fell down during a test flight. The 39-year-old pilot was killed. In 2016, another SpaceX spaceship exploded (爆炸）. No one was hurt, but important parts of it were lost. The exploration of the space continues. Some companies want to take people to the moon and back someday. Others want to take people to Mars. The possibilities are endless. Maybe in our lifetime, those dreams will come true. 1．The underlined word “exploration” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A．discovery B．development C．training D．business 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．astronauts first traveled around the earth in 1957 B．SpaceX is a name of a company owned by Elon Musk C．Virgin Galactic hopes to send people to Mars by 2025 D．private companies do better than the government 3．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) to space travel? A．Supportive. B．Satisfied. C．Uncaring. D．Disappointed. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Predictions about Future Space B．The Races between Private Companies C．Recent Development of Science Technology D．Private Companies Entering Space Exploration 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解-细节理解 目 录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 时空导航·网络构建 3 03 题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 直接细节题 4 考点二 唯一细节题 7 考点三 因果细节题 9 04 优题精选·练能提分 11 题型 考查形式 阅读理解 ☑选择题 □非选择题 考情分析 一、题型概况与占比 在2023年-20205年中考中，细节理解题是考查的绝对核心。 总量：约占总题量的70%。 形式：在判断题（T/F）和单项选择题中均有大量体现，是学生拿分的基础题型。 二、考查方式与典型设问 细节理解题主要考查学生在文中定位并准确提取具体信息的能力。其设问方式直接，答案通常可在原文中找到明确对应。主要包括以下几类： 事实细节题 考查点：人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、方式、数字等。 典型设问/题干： When/Where did... happen? （如：C919何时首飞？） How many...? （如：送入了多少颗卫星？） What can... do? （如：“梦想”号能做什么？） Who invented...? （如：脚踏洗衣机是谁发明的？） 正误判断题（T/F） 考查点：对文中某一具体陈述进行真实性判断。 典型设问：直接陈述一个细节，要求判断其与原文是否一致。 人物/事物特征题 考查点：某个人物的职业、目的、品质，或某事物的特性、制作方式等。 典型设问： What is...'s job/purpose? （如：钱学森的人生目标是什么？张桂梅的职业是什么？） Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true about...? （如：关于馒头，哪项不正确？） 原文对应示例：题25（钱学森目标：为人民服务），题26（张桂梅职业：教师），题31（馒头不止一种吃法）。 三、命题特点与趋势 答案直白，定位关键：绝大多数答案可在文中找到原词或同义替换，不依赖深层推理。解题关键在于快速、准确地定位到相关句子。 分散性细节：信息可能散落在文章的不同位置，需要耐心寻找（如人物传记表格题）。 与图表结合：出现了与图片、表格结合的细节题（如科技成就四幅图、人物信息表），要求学生具备图文信息转换与对应能力。 中国元素凸显：大量细节内容围绕中国成就（科技、体育、文化）、传统故事（囊萤映雪）和当代人物展开，在考查语言能力的同时，融入文化背景。 四、学生常见失分点分析 定位不准或阅读粗糙：未能找到题目关键词在原文中的对应位置，或阅读时遗漏关键修饰词（如数字、否定词、限定条件）。 偷换概念或张冠李戴：选项中使用了原文词汇，但组合或陈述对象错误，造成干扰。 忽略同义表达：有时正确选项并非原文原词，而是进行了同义转述，学生因不熟悉表达方式而误判。 命题预测 一、总体趋势概述 近年来，高考英语阅读理解中的细节理解题一直是考查的重点，其占比稳定在40%-50%之间。根据2023-2025年的真题分析，细节理解题的命题趋势呈现出以下特点：考查频次高、题干特征明显、信息定位明确、干扰项设计多样。预计未来几年，这一趋势将继续保持，并可能进一步细化与深化。 二、具体命题趋势预测 题干设计更隐蔽，注重深层推理 趋势描述：细节理解题的题干设计将更加隐蔽，不再局限于直接询问文中具体信息，而是通过“probably”、“suggest”等词考查深层推理能力。题干可能以what、why、how等疑问词引导，要求考生不仅定位信息，还需进行一定的逻辑推断。 示例：“What does the author imply about the future of renewable energy in paragraph 3?”（作者在第三段中对可再生能源的未来有何暗示？） 同义替换与精简概括成为主流 趋势描述：正确选项的设计将更多地采用同义替换和精简概括的方式。同义替换通过近义词或短语替换原文词汇，考验考生对词汇的灵活运用能力；精简概括则要求考生将文中分散的信息进行归纳总结。 示例：题干中提到“reduce carbon emissions”，选项中可能替换为“cut down on greenhouse gas emissions”。 干扰项设计更加多样且隐蔽 趋势描述：干扰项的设计将更加多样且隐蔽，包括偷换概念、无中生有、过度推断等。偷换概念通过替换原文关键词导致含义偏差；无中生有则引入文中未提及的信息；过度推断则超出原文范围进行不合理延伸。 示例：原文提到“The project is still in its early stages”，干扰项可能设计为“The project has already been completed”（该项目已经完成），偷换了“early stages”与“completed”的概念。 跨学科内容融入，增加专业术语考查 趋势描述：随着高考英语阅读材料选材的广泛化，跨学科内容将更多地融入细节理解题中。文章可能涉及科技、环保、社会热点等多个领域，同时增加专业术语的考查，要求考生具备一定的背景知识和术语解码能力。 示例：在一篇关于人工智能伦理的文章中，题干可能询问“What is the main concern regarding AI-generated content?”（关于人工智能生成内容的主要担忧是什么？），选项中可能包含专业术语如“algorithmic bias”（算法偏见）。 图表与文本结合，考查信息转换能力 趋势描述：未来细节理解题可能更多地结合图表（如柱状图、饼图、折线图等）进行考查，要求考生实现“文本-图表”双向信息转换。考生需从图表中提取关键数据，并与文本信息进行匹配验证。 示例：文章中包含一张关于各国碳排放量的柱状图，题干可能询问“According to the chart, which country had the highest carbon emissions in 2025?”（根据图表，2025年哪个国家的碳排放量最高？） 长难句与复杂结构增多，考验语法分析能力 趋势描述：为了增加题目难度，阅读材料中的长难句和复杂语法结构将增多。细节理解题可能隐藏在长难句中，要求考生具备扎实的语法分析能力，快速定位关键信息。 示例：在一个包含多个定语从句和状语从句的复合句中，题干可能询问“What does the underlined phrase refer to in the context?”（在该语境中，下划线短语指的是什么？） 考点一 直接细节题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 直接细节题是中考英语阅读理解中较为基础的题型，其核心特点在于答案能直接对应原文中的具体信息，学生无需进行深层推理或复杂分析，只需精准定位并匹配文本内容，即可得出正确答案。这种题型主要考查学生的信息检索和文本对照能力，要求学生能快速在语篇中找到关键信息，并准确判断选项与原文表述是否一致。 2. 提问方式 以特殊疑问词引导的问题最为常见，例如：“What did the author do after arriving at the park?”（询问事件内容）；“Who helped the old man carry the heavy box?”（询问人物）；“When did the accident happen?”（询问时间）；“Where did they meet for the first time?”（询问地点）；“How did she solve the problem?”（询问方式） 。这类问题直接指向文本中的具体细节，目标明确。还有 “How many...”“How much...” 等询问数量的问题，如 “How many students participated in the competition?”；以及 “Which of the following is mentioned?”“Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?” 这类要求判断选项信息是否在原文提及或表述是否正确的提问方式。​ 3. 提问标志词 最显著的标志词就是各类特殊疑问词（what、who、when、where、how、why、which、how many、how much 等），这些疑问词直接决定了答案的类型和在文中的检索方向。例如，看到 “when” 就要在文中寻找时间相关表述，看到 “where” 则聚焦于地点信息。 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，定位关键词 拿到题目后，仔细阅读题干，迅速锁定其中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键词。例如，题目问 “When did Tom start to learn painting?”，“Tom” 和 “learn painting” 就是关键信息。利用这些关键词，在原文中快速浏览，定位到相关段落或句子。如果文章较长，可以先观察段落主题句，判断该段落是否可能包含答案，再进行细致查找。比如在一篇讲述人物生平的文章中，关于 “Tom” 的信息可能集中在某几个段落，通过段落主题句快速筛选，能提高查找效率。 第二步：逐题作答，直接匹配 定位到原文相关内容后，将每个选项与原文表述进行逐字逐句的对比。正确答案往往与原文在关键信息上高度一致，甚至表述完全相同。例如，原文中提到 “Tom began to learn painting at the age of 10”，若选项中有 “At the age of 10”，且其他信息也相符，那么该选项很可能就是正确答案。​对于一些同义替换的情况，虽然表述不同，但核心意思一致，也应视为正确。如原文说 “spend a lot of time”，选项中用 “devote much time” 表达，这也属于匹配成功。 第三步：排除干扰，复盘校验 仔细甄别选项，对于那些在原文中完全没有提及的信息，直接予以排除。例如，原文只提到了 “Tom 喜欢画画”，但选项中出现 “Tom 喜欢唱歌”，这就属于非原文信息，应排除。若选项内容与原文表述相互矛盾，也可直接排除。比如原文说 “Tom 是步行去的公园”，而选项说 “Tom 是开车去的公园”，这种矛盾的表述肯定是错误的。在排除干扰项的过程中，要保持细心和耐心，确保不遗漏任何关键信息，从而准确找到正确答案。 考点二 唯一细节题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 唯一细节题在中考英语阅读理解中，属于对学生文本细节把控和精准判断能力要求极高的题型。该题型要求学生从多个选项中筛选出唯一符合原文描述的选项，其核心在于考查学生对语篇信息的精确理解、细致甄别能力，以及对干扰信息的排除能力。学生不仅需要准确找到原文对应内容，还要能辨析各选项间的细微差异，避免因粗心或误读而错选，这对学生的英语阅读理解和逻辑分析能力是一种综合性的考验。 2. 提问方式 “Which of the following is the only correct one?”（以下哪一项是唯一正确的？） 这类提问明确要求学生在所有选项中，找出唯一契合原文内容的答案。例如，在一篇介绍动物习性的文章后，题目给出四个关于该动物生活习性的描述选项，学生需通过对原文的研读，判断哪个选项是唯一准确的。​ “What is the most important detail?”（最重要的细节是什么？）此提问形式侧重于让学生从多个细节信息中，判断出最符合原文主旨或最关键的那个细节。例如，文章讲述一场科学实验，题目给出实验目的、步骤、结果等多个相关细节选项，要求学生选出最能体现实验核心的 “最重要细节” 。​ 有时也会出现如 “Among the following, which one is the exact match to the passage?”（在以下选项中，哪一个与文章内容完全相符？） 或 “Select the single option that accurately reflects the information in the text.”（选择唯一能准确反映文本信息的选项）等类似提问，本质都是要求学生选出唯一正确的细节选项。​ 题目所给选项往往在表述上较为相似，或部分内容与原文相符，但只有一个选项是完全且唯一符合原文的。选项可能涉及对原文中某个概念的解释、某件事情的描述、某个数据的说明等，这些选项会通过替换关键词、改变修饰语、调整逻辑关系等方式设置干扰，增加答题难度。​​ 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，逐项核对 拿到题目后，将每个选项与原文内容进行逐字逐句的比对。从关键词、修饰词、动词时态、逻辑关系等多个维度出发，确保选项中的每一个关键信息都与原文一致。例如，原文表述为 “Last year, the company produced 5000 units of the product.”，若选项中出现 “Last year, the company produced 500 units of the product.”，仅数字不同，就属于与原文不一致的选项。 对于较长的选项，可将其拆解为多个信息点，分别在原文中查找对应内容。比如选项 “Tom, who is a hard - working student, won the first prize in the English competition last month.”，可拆分为 “Tom 是勤奋的学生”“Tom 在上个月的英语竞赛中获奖”“Tom 获得一等奖” 等信息点，逐一核对原文是否有相应表述。在核对过程中，可以在原文中标记出与选项相关的句子，方便对比分析。 第二步：逐题作答，注意绝对词 当选项中出现 “the only”（唯一的）、“most”（最……）、“all”（所有）、“never”（从不）、“always”（总是）等绝对化词汇时，要特别谨慎。这些词汇会极大地限定选项的范围和程度，一旦与原文表述不符，该选项即为错误。例如，原文提到 “Some students like playing basketball.”，而选项为 “All students like playing basketball.”，“all” 这个绝对词使选项与原文不符。​ 但并非所有含绝对词的选项都是错误的，需要结合原文具体分析。若原文明确表述 “The Eiffel Tower is the most famous landmark in Paris.”，那么选项中出现包含 “the most famous” 的正确描述就是合理的。所以，遇到含绝对词的选项，一定要在原文中找到确凿依据，验证其准确性。 第三步：排除干扰，复盘校验 仔细分析每个选项，对于部分正确但并非唯一正确的选项要果断排除。这类选项通常会包含一些与原文相符的信息，但同时又存在错误或不完整的部分。例如，文章介绍某个历史事件的原因，选项 A 提到了其中一个原因，但遗漏了其他关键因素；而选项 B 完整且准确地涵盖了所有原因，此时选项 A 就是部分正确但非唯一的干扰项。​ 此外，一些与原文无关的选项，或者对原文信息进行错误解读、过度推断的选项，也应直接排除。比如，原文讨论的是 “互联网对教育的积极影响”，而选项却在阐述 “互联网对娱乐行业的作用”，这类选项明显与题目要求不符。在排除干扰项时，要始终紧扣题目要求和原文主旨，通过对比和分析，逐步锁定唯一正确的选项。 考点三 因果细节题 一、命题解读 1. 题型地位 在中考英语阅读理解中，因果细节题聚焦于考查学生对文本中因果逻辑关系的理解与把握能力。此类题目要求学生依据文章内容，准确判断事件、现象或行为之间的因果联系，从选项中选出正确的原因或结果。它不仅检验学生对英语语言的理解能力，更着重考查学生的逻辑分析与推理能力，需要学生能够从复杂的文本信息中抽丝剥茧，理清事件发展的因果脉络，避免因逻辑混淆而错选答案。 2. 提问方式 “What caused…?”（是什么导致了……？）这类提问直接指向事件发生的原因，要求学生从文章中寻找引发特定结果的因素。例如，文章讲述了一场森林火灾，题目问 “What caused the forest fire?”，学生需要在文中仔细查找关于火灾起因的描述，可能涉及人为因素（如乱扔烟头）、自然因素（如雷电天气）等信息来作答。​ “What is the result of…?”（…… 的结果是什么？）该提问侧重于考查事件引发的后果。比如，文章介绍了某种新型农业技术的应用，题目问 “What is the result of using this new agricultural technology?”，学生要在文中提取使用该技术后带来的变化，如农作物增产、土壤改良等作为答案。​ 还有诸如 “Why did…happen?”（为什么…… 会发生？）同样是询问原因；“How did…affect…?”（…… 如何影响……？）关注因果之间的作用关系；“As a consequence of…, what occurred?”（由于……，发生了什么？）强调由特定原因引发的后续事件等提问方式。这些问题从不同角度考查学生对因果关系的理解和分析能力。​ 题目所涉及的因果关系可能存在于文章的某一句话中，也可能分散在多个段落，需要学生通过整合信息来梳理因果脉络。选项设置往往会围绕错误的因果关系、部分正确的因果因素、与原文无关的干扰信息等进行设计。例如，将文中的次要原因作为主要原因呈现，或者把无因果关联的两个事件强行建立因果联系，以此增加答题难度，考查学生对因果逻辑的精准判断能力。​​ 3. 提问标志词 因果细节题最显著的标志是文中的因果关系词。常见的表示原因的词汇和短语有 “because”（因为）、“because of”（由于）、“as”（因为）、“since”（既然；因为）、“due to”（由于）、“owing to”（因为） 等；表示结果的词汇和短语有 “therefore”（因此）、“so”（所以）、“as a result”（结果）、“consequently”（结果；因此）、“thus”（从而；因此） 等。此外，一些具有因果逻辑关系的句式结构，如 “lead to”（导致）、“result in”（导致）、“be responsible for”（对…… 负责；是…… 的原因）、“give rise to”（引起；导致） 等，也是判断因果关系的重要线索。这些标志词和句式结构能够帮助学生快速定位文中的因果关系内容。​​ 二、解答策略 第一步：通读全文，定位因果句 拿到题目后，先根据题干中的关键词，在文章中快速搜索包含因果关系词或相关句式结构的句子。例如，题目问某事件的原因，可在文中查找 “because”“due to” 等词汇引导的句子；若问结果，则寻找 “therefore”“as a result” 等词汇所在的语句。找到这些句子后，可将其用横线标注出来，方便进一步分析。​ 对于没有明显因果标志词的情况，需要通过分析句子之间的逻辑关系来判断因果。比如，两个句子之间存在 “前者为后者提供条件”“前者的行为引发后者的变化” 等逻辑联系时，就可能存在因果关系。例如，“The factory released a large amount of waste gas. The air quality in the surrounding area deteriorated significantly.” 虽然没有使用因果标志词，但通过逻辑分析可知，工厂排放废气是空气质量恶化的原因。此时，要仔细阅读上下文，准确把握句子间的内在逻辑，定位到真正的因果句。 第二步：逐题作答，排除无关选项 逐一分析选项，对于那些与文中因果关系毫无关联的选项，直接予以排除。例如，文章讨论的是 “某城市交通拥堵的原因”，而选项中提到 “该城市的文化活动丰富”，这与交通拥堵的因果关系无关，应排除该选项。​ 有些选项可能包含部分正确信息，但整体因果关系表述错误，或者将次要原因夸大为主要原因，这类选项也应排除。比如，文章中指出 “某产品销量下降是因为质量问题和市场竞争加剧”，而选项中只强调 “市场竞争加剧” 是唯一原因，忽略了质量问题，这种表述不准确的选项也不符合要求。在排除干扰项时，要紧扣文中的因果关系内容，确保所选答案与原文逻辑一致。 第三步：结合常识，复盘校验 在判断因果关系时，要结合生活常识和一般逻辑，检验选项是否合理。例如，“干旱导致缺水”“过度砍伐森林导致水土流失” 等都是符合常理的因果关系；而 “因为天空是蓝色的，所以今天会下雨” 这种不符合自然规律的因果联系显然是错误的。如果选项中的因果关系违背基本常识，即使文中没有明确反驳的内容，也可判断该选项错误。​ 不过，在结合常识的同时，要以文章内容为首要依据，不能仅凭常识而忽略文中的具体描述。有些情况下，文章可能会阐述一些特殊背景下的因果关系，虽然与常规认知有所不同，但在特定语境下是合理的。例如，在一篇科幻题材的文章中，可能会设定某种特殊物质的出现导致了一系列奇异现象，这种因果关系需要结合文章设定来理解。所以，要在尊重文章内容的基础上，合理运用常识辅助判断，确保所选答案逻辑严谨、合理。 序号 体裁 主题范畴 主题 命题创新点 1 说明文 人与社会 “体育与健康年”活动推广运动与健康生活 结合国家政策与个人健康；“细节判断题”强化信息定位与理解能力 2 说明文 人与科技 机器人在日常生活与医疗中的应用及与人类的关系 现实科技与未来展望结合；“功能与局限”双向考查 3 应用文 人与健康 三种药品使用说明书，强调用药前阅读说明的重要性 图文结合，生活实用性强；“安全用药”意识培养 4 应用文 人与社会 三则英语教师招聘广告，涉及工作条件、要求与联系方式 多文本对比阅读；信息筛选与比较能力考查 5 应用文 人与社会 班级考试安排通知，包括时间、地点、规则等 真实校园场景；信息提取与规则理解结合 6 说明文 人与文化 端午节的日期、由来与习俗 传统文化与现代生活结合；节日文化内涵理解 7 说明文 人与健康 长时间使用电子屏幕对健康的危害及建议 健康意识与科技使用平衡；“原因—影响—建议”结构化分析 8 说明文 人与科技 智能手机省电技巧与电池维护 生活科技小窍门；“功能设置与节能”实践指导 9 说明文 人与社会 英美日常着装文化与社会场合穿着习惯 跨文化比较；社会礼仪与着装规范理解 10 说明文 人与科技 私营公司进入太空探索领域的发展与挑战 科技与商业结合；“公私合作”新模式探讨 Passage 1 （2025·新疆喀什·三模）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。 Recently our country has started a special “Sports and Health Year” activity. The activity aims to encourage everyone, especially students, to do more sports and pay more attention to their health. Doing sports is very important for us. It can make us strong and healthy. There are many kinds of sports that we can do, such as running, swimming, playing basketball and cycling. Running can help us improve our heart-lung function (功能). Swimming is good for our muscle development. For students, sports can also help us study better. When we exercise, our brains get more oxygen (氧气) which can help us think more clearly in class. In schools, there are more sports activities than before. Some schools hold sports meetings every month. Students can choose the sports they like to take part in. There are also more sports clubs. For example, many students join the football clubs and the badminton clubs. To make this activity more successful, the government has built more sports centers in cities and towns. People can go there to exercise for free. Let’s take part in the “Sports and Health Year” activity and make sports a part of our daily life! 1．The “Sports and Health Year” activity only aims at students. 2．Sports can make our brains get more oxygen so that we can think more clearly. 3．There are fewer sports activities in schools than before. 4．Students can’t choose the sports they like to take part in at school. 5．People have to pay to exercise in the new sports centers built by the government. 【答案】1．F 2．T 3．F 4．F 5．F 【导语】本文主要讲述我国启动“体育健康年”活动，旨在鼓励人们尤其是学生多做运动、关注健康，呼吁大家让运动成为日常生活的一部分。 37．细节理解题。根据“The activity aims to encourage everyone, especially students, to do more sports and pay more attention to their health.”可知，这个活动是针对每个人的，尤其是学生，但不仅仅限于学生。故填F。 38．细节理解题。根据“When we exercise, our brains get more oxygen (氧气) which can help us think more clearly in class.”可知，运动可以让大脑获得更多的氧气，从而帮助我们在课堂上更清晰地思考。故填T。 39．细节理解题。根据“In schools, there are more sports activities than before.”可知，校里的体育活动比以前更多了。故填F。 40．细节理解题。根据“Students can choose the sports they like to take part in.”可知，学生可以选择自己喜欢的体育活动参加。故填F。 41．细节理解题。根据“To make this activity more successful, the government has built more sports centers in cities and towns. People can go there to exercise for free.”可知，人们可以在新建的体育中心免费锻炼。故填F。 Passage 2 （2025·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正(T)误(F)。 Robots are becoming more useful in our daily lives. For example, some robots can clean the floor, help carry heavy things or even deliver food in restaurants. These robots are made to follow easy orders. They use sensors (传感器) to avoid hitting walls or people. A popular home robot called “Helper Bot” can sweep floors, play music, and remind people to drink water and so on. Moreover, in modern hospitals, there are robots that can help doctors in simple operations and move medical tools. They make the whole medical process more efficient (高效的). Scientists say robots will do more tasks in the future, especially for the elderly and people with disabilities. They can be used to help the elderly with daily activities like getting dressed or taking medicines. However, robots still need humans to control or repair them. Without human help, robots might meet problems they can’t solve on their own. 1．Robots can only clean the floor and deliver food. 2．“Helper Bot” can play music but cannot sweep floors. 3．Robots use sensors (传感器) to move safely around rooms. 4．Robots are especially designed to help elderly and disabled people in modern hospitals. 5． Humans are not needed to control robots anymore. 【答案】1．F 2．F 3．T 4．F 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人在日常生活和现代医院中的应用情况，阐述了它们能执行的任务，以及机器人与人类的关系，说明机器人虽有用但仍需人类协助。 1．细节理解题。根据“For example, some robots...food in restaurants.”可知，机器人能做的事不止清洁地板和送餐。故选F。 2．细节理解题。根据“A popular home robot...water and so on.”可知，“Helper Bot”既能扫地又能播放音乐。故选F。 3．细节理解题。根据“They use sensors...walls or people.”可知，机器人利用传感器在房间中安全移动。故选T。 4．细节理解题。根据“Moreover, in modern hospitals...move medical tools.”可知，现代医院里机器人主要协助医生，而非专门为帮助老年人和残疾人设计。故选F。 5．细节理解题。根据“However, robots still...or repair them.”可知，机器人仍需要人类控制和维修。故选F。 Passage 3 Here is some information about three kinds of medicine. Do read before use! ① Painkiller Uses: tablets(药片) to treat headache, muscle pain or the common cold Warnings ● ② ●If over two tablets are taken a time, get help from your doctor immediately. How to us ●Adults: Take 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours. 2 tablets a time at most if necessary. ●Children under 12 years: Ask a doctor. Antibiotic Cream Uses: cream to treat pain and infection from small cuts and burns on skin(皮肤) Warnings ●Use on skin only. ● ③ ●Stop using and visit a doctor if you still have the problem after one week. How to use ●Only use on adults and children aged 2 or older. Cough Syrup Uses: a clear, purple liquid for cough and sore throat Warnings ●Keep the bottle tightly closed. ● ④ How to use ●Do not give to children under 1 year old. 1．What should you do if you take over two tablets a time? A．Get help from doctor. B．Stop using it. C．Drink more hot water. D．It doesn’t matter. 2．Can an 8-month baby use the cream? A．Yes, it can. B．Yes, only a little. C．No, it can’t. D．We don’t know. 3．According to the passage, if you cough a lot, ________ can make you feel better. A．the pain killer B．the tablets C．the cream D．the purple liquid 4．Where can we put the sentence “Do not eat!” in this passage? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 5．Which of the following is right? A．The information of medicine is useless. B．You must read information of medicine before use. C．Every kind of medicine can be used by everyone. D．You can take medicine freely without doctor’s advice. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三种药品的使用说明书。 22．细节理解题。根据原文“If over two tablets are taken a time, get help from your doctor immediately”可知，如果一次服用超过两片药，要立即向医生求助。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据原文“Only use on adults and children aged 2 or older”可知，药膏只能是2岁及以上的孩童使用，8个月大的婴儿不能使用。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据原文“a clear, purple liquid for cough and sore throat”可知，如果咳嗽得很厉害的话，可以喝紫色液体状的止咳糖浆。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据原文“●Use on skin only.”可知，抗菌素膏只能外用，不能内服。故“Do not eat!”应填在第三空。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据原文“Do read before use!”可知，在使用这些药物前都必须阅读说明书。故选B。 Passage 4 A training center in Hangzhou is looking for male (男性的) native English teachers to start from September! Students’ age: 4-16 years old Class size: not more than 13 students per class Working time: weekends 8:00-18:00 weekdays 14:00-18:00 Mondays and Thursdays offWeChat: Y18011000123 One chain (连锁) training center is looking for native or European English teachers in Chengdu, Zhongshan and Yancheng. Students’ age: 1-3 years old & 4-12 years old Class size: 3-15 students per class Working time: weekends 9:00-18:00 weekdays 9:00-18:00 or 12:00-20:00 Mondays and Wednesdays offWeChat: QW3456123 A training center in Qingdao needs full-time English teachers, native or non-native from European countries with excellent pronunciation. Students’ age: 3-8 years old Class size: not more than 10 students in one class Working time: 14:00-20:00 from Wednesdays to Fridays 8:30-19:30 on weekendsWeChat: DariaNalimova 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．The students in the training center in Hangzhou can’t be younger than ________. A．4 years old B．6 years old C．8 years old D．12 years old 2．What’s the class size of the chain training center? A．Not more than 10 students per class. B．Not more than 13 students per class. C．4-12 students per class. D．3-15 students per class. 3．Which of the following is a requirement to hold a job in the training center in Qingdao? A．Available to work for six days a week. B．Excellent English pronunciation. C．Available to start from September. D．Working experience in European countries. 4．The training center in ________ has the longest working hours on weekends. A．Hangzhou B．Yancheng C．Qingdao D．Chengdu 5．All of the training centers are off on ________. A．Mondays B．Tuesdays C．Wednesdays D．Thursdays 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【解析】文中是三则招聘英语老师的广告。 27．细节理解题。根据“A training center in Hangzhou is looking for male native English teachers to start from September! Students’ age: 4-16 years old”可知杭州培训中心的学生不能小于4岁。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“One chain training center ... Class size: 3-15 students per class”可知连锁培训中心的班级规模是每班3到15个学生。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据“A training center in Qingdao needs full-time English teachers, native or non-native from European countries with excellent pronunciation.”可知青岛培训中心招聘要求有极好的英语发音。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据三个表格中的Working time对比可知杭州培训中心周末工作20小时，盐城和成都的培训中心周末工作18小时，而青岛的培训中心周末工作22小时。青海的培训中心周末工作时间最长。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据三个表格中的Working time可知所有的培训中心周一都不开门。故选A。 Passage 5 To the students of Class 3A1. The exams start on 22nd June and end on 23rd June. 2. The time for each of the subjects is: English 22nd June 9:30 am - 10:30 am Maths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pm History 22nd June 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm PE 23rd June 8:00 am - 10:00 am Music 23rd June 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm 3. For the PE test, go to the gym (体育馆). For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests. They will be held in Classroom 3A． 4. No student can enter the exam room more than 15 minutes after the exam starts. 5. No food or drink during ANY exam. 6. No dictionaries during the English test. 7. Wear sports shoes for the PE test. ★ If you have questions, go to the Teachers’ Office before the exams. 1．How long will the maths test be? A．One hour. B．One hour and a half. C．Two hours. D．Two hours and a half. 2．Where will the students of Class 3A be at 2:30 pm on 23rd June? A．At the gym. B．In the Piano Room. C．In their classroom. D．At the’ Teachers’ Office. 3．When will the written tests be held? A．Only on the morning of 22nd June. B．Only on the morning of 23rd June. C．On the morning and afternoon of 22nd June. D．On the morning and afternoon of 23rd June. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．The students can drink water during their tests. B．The students can’t take a test if they are ten minutes late. C．The students can’t use dictionaries when taking the English test. D．The students need to wear sports shoes on the morning of 22nd June. 5．The material is probably from a ________. A．storybook B．guidebook C．news report D．notice board 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【分析】本文是一则应用文，是3A班上的一则通知，通知主要介绍了考试的时间，科目和相关事宜。 1．细节理解题。根据表格内容“Maths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pm”可知，数学的考试时间是上午11点到12点，共一个小时。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据表格内容“Music 23rd June 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm”可知，6月23号下午2点30,3A班的学生在进行音乐考试；再根据表格内容“For the music test, go to the Piano Room.”可知，他们应该在钢琴教室。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据表格内容“For the PE test, go to the gym (体育馆). For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests.”可知，除音乐和体育考试之外，剩余的都是笔试；再根据表格内容“English 22nd June 9:30 am - 10:30 am Maths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pm History 22nd June 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm”可知，笔试时间在6月22号的上午和下午。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据表格内容“No dictionaries during the English test.”可知，英语考试不能使用字典。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据表格内容“The exams start on 22nd June and end on 23rd June. The time for each of the subjects is…”可知，本文是3A班上的一则通知，通知主要介绍了考试的时间，科目和相关事宜。故可能出现在公告栏上。故选D。 Passage 6 The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is also known as Duanwu Festival. It is one of the three most important lunar(阴历的) festivals in China, along with Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan died—the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, so the date varies from year to year, such as it is June 20 in 2015, June 9 in 2016, May 30 in 2017, June 18 in 2018, June 7 in 2019, June 25 in 2020 and June 14 in 2021. Although the date is different, the custom is the same. With a history of over 2000 years, people celebrate it with all kinds of activities on the day. They hold dragon boat racing, eat zongzi, drink realgar wine(雄黄酒), wear sachets(香囊) and so on. But dragon boat racing is the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat Festival. 1．Which of the following is NOT the most important lunar festival in China? A．May Day B．Dragon Boat Festival C．Spring Festival D．Mid-Autumn Festival 2．Why do we celebrate Dragon Boat Festival on this day? A．Because Qu Yuan was born on this day. B．Because Qu Yuan liked this day. C．Because Qu Yuan died on this day. D．Because Qu Yuan hated this day. 3．Dragon Boat Festival is on ________ in 2020. A．June 20 B．May 30 C．June 25 D．June 7 4．________ is the most popular with people in the Dragon Boat Festival. A．Eating zongzi B．Wearing sachets C．Drinking realgar wine D．Dragon boat racing 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是文化类阅读，介绍了中国传统节日端午节的日期和习俗。 1．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is also known as Duanwu Festival. It is one of the three most important lunar(阴历的) festivals in China, along with Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.”可知中国最重要的农历节日有端午节、春节和中秋节，不包括劳动节。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan died—the fifth day of the fifth lunar month”可知这一天庆祝端午节是因为屈原死于这一天。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“... so the date varies from year to year, such as it is June 20 in 2015, June 9 in 2016, May 30 in 2017, June 18 in 2018, June 7 in 2019, June 25 in 2020 and June 14 in 2021.”可知端午节的日期每年不一样，2020年端午节在6月25日。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“But dragon boat racing is the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat Festival.”可知端午节最受欢迎的活动是赛龙舟。故选D。 Passage 7 It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health. First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain(劳损), headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone. Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect(影响) how children’s brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens. Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20. Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep. So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime. To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours. 1．The blue light from your screens can cause ________. A．eye strain B．headaches C．dry eyes D．all of the above 2．According to the passage, you can’t sleep well because you ________. A．take a break every 15 minutes B．have lower levels of white matter C．use screens too much before bed D．are the people from 13 to 64 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes. B．A lot of screen time affects children’s brain growth. C．The light from electronics at night may make you excited. D．People of all ages mustn’t use electronics. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The ways to keep healthy. B．The harm of using screens too much. C．The ways to use screens. D．The advantages of using screens. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【分析】短文主要讲长时间面对（电子产品的）屏幕对健康的危害。最后，呼吁人们不要长时间使用电子产品。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain(劳损), headaches and dry eyes.”可知，长时间看智能手机会导致眼睛疲劳， 头痛和干眼症。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文中“...make you excited before you go to bed.”和“Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep.”可知，（人们）睡眠不好是因为在睡前长时间使用电子产品，面对电子屏幕。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“First, it is bad for your eyes.”可知，长时间使用智能手机会危害我们的眼睛，所以A项正确。根据文中“Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains.”可知，大量的“屏幕时间”影响儿童的大脑发育，所以B项正确。根据文中“the light from those electronics at night may make you excited”可知，晚上电子产品发出的光可能会让人兴奋，所以C项正确。根据文章最后一段可知，人们不应该长时间使用电子产品，而不是“禁止”使用电子产品，所以D项错误。故选D。 4．最佳标题。文章开门见山，提出主题：“Too much screen time may be harmful to your health.”，紧接着指出大量的“屏幕时间”对健康造成的三个危害，所以文章的最佳标题是“The harm of using screens too much”。故选B。 Passage 8 A smartphone’s low battery warning is the only warning that most people take seriously. A dead battery doesn’t have to happen to you. Turning off a few features and changing some settings can extend your battery life. 1. Let there be less light One of the biggest battery drains is your screen, especially for larger smartphones. The longer the screen is on and the brighter it is, the faster your battery goes. Try setting the screen as dark as you can stand it and still read a text. Darkening the screen, by the way, is common among teenagers. But it makes it really hard for Mom and Dad to see what’s showing on their phone. 2. Turn off the signals Your smartphone does a lot of communicating in the background. They’re checking for things like new emails, text messages, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth signals, your location and more. These activities do burn up your battery life, so you want to turn off whatever you aren’t using. Location Services is another feature that drains your battery. It uses GPS and Wi-Fi to tell apps your location. In your settings, you can find out which apps have access to Location Services and turn them off. 3.Turn off notifications Another way to improve battery life is to stop the constant flow of notifications and updates from Facebook, email, games, sites and apps. You mobile phone will automatically pick up these notifications when it’s connected to the internet, and they can have a noticeable impact on battery life. 4. Use battery saving mode For a quick way to extend your battery, simply put your smartphone in Airplane Mode. This shuts down unimportant functions and apps like Wi-Fi, automatic email checking, some updates and more. If used properly, these tips will improve your battery life up to 30 percent. 1．The underlined word “drains” means ________. A．lights up B．burns up C．picks up. D．makes up 2．If you want to extend your battery life, you are advised to use a ________ screen. A．small B．large C．bright D．round 3．We can infer that aged people are likely to ________. A．email family members B．use Location Services C．darken the screen D．brighten the screen 4．Which of the following is NOT the way to extend battery life on your phone? A．Putting the smartphone in Airplane Mode. B．Turning off notifications and updates. C．Shutting down all apps on smartphones. D．Turning off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】文章大意：智能手机电量不足的警告是大多数人唯一会认真对待的警告，本文介绍了可以通过关闭哪些功能和设置来延长电池寿命。 1．词义猜测题。根据“These activities do burn up your battery life, so you want to turn off whatever you aren’t using”可知，此处是在介绍一些耗尽电池寿命的设置，定位服务就是其中一种，所以drains表示“耗尽”，与“burn up”同义，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The longer the screen is on and the brighter it is, the faster your battery goes”可知，屏幕显示时间越长，屏幕越亮，电池运行的速度就越快，由此可见，小屏幕的电池耗尽就更慢，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Darkening the screen, by the way, is common among teenagers. But it makes it really hard for Mom and Dad to see what’s showing on their phone”可知，在青少年中，屏幕变暗是很常见的，但是爸爸妈妈可能很难看到手机上显示的内容，由此可见，老年人往往会使屏幕变亮，故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文中提到了几种延长电池寿命的方式：设置飞行模式，关闭通知和更新，关掉无线网络和蓝牙设置，C“关闭智能手机上的所有应用程序”是不对的，故选C。 Passage 9 These days most people in Britain and US do not wear very formal clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the right thing. Many British people don’t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts you can put on what you like-from elegant suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy. But in Britain, as well as the US men in offices usually wear suits and ties, and women wear dresses or skirts (not trousers). Doctors, lawyers and business people wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women wear smart dresses. In many ways, Americas are some more relaxed than British people, but they are more careful with their clothes. At home, or on holidays, most Americans wear informal or sporty clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look elegant. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women wear pretty clothes and smart hairstyles. It is difficult to say exactly what people wear in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You’ll feel more relaxed if you don’t look too different from everyone else. 1．Many British people wear freely when they ________. A．attend meetings B．attend lectures C．spend their spare time D．meet their friends 2．Who doesn’t usually wear suits and ties? A．Lawyers. B．Doctors. C．Drivers. D．Secretaries. 3．If you visit an American friend in the evening, you may find that you friend wears ________. A．informal clothes B．pretty clothes C．formal clothes D．dirty clothes 4．If you are in a foreign country, the best way the writer suggests us is to wear ________. A．as the people there do B．strange clothes C．your native clothes D．pretty clothes 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了英国和美国人的着装，介绍了具体的在什么情况下他们会穿什么衣服。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything.”可知，英国人自娱自乐时，穿着很随意。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Doctors，lawyers and business people wear quite formal clothes.”可知，司机不包括在内。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“At home or on holiday, most Americans wear informal or sports clothes.”可知晚上在家，美国人穿非正式的服装。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same.”可知如果你在国外，作者建议我们最好的方式就是穿和那里的人一样的衣服。故选A。 Passage 10 In 1957, the first spaceship was sent up to travel around the earth, and it started the time of Space Age. Years later, astronauts traveled around the earth and men walked on the moon. Today, space exploration continues, and governments try hard to make new discoveries. However, there has been one big change: private companies are entering the field of space travel. SpaceX has been very successful in space travel. They made the spaceship to work for the International Space Station (ISS). Elon Musk, the boss, wants to do more. He hopes that SpaceX will be able to send people to Mars by 2025. Another fan of space travel is Sir Richard Branson. His company is called Virgin Galactic. He wants to open space travel to everyone. The company has sold almost 700 future trips to space at a high price. The tourists come from countries all over the world and are of different ages. These private companies are lucky. They don’t have to wait for money from the government. However, they also have problems and accidents happen sometimes. In 2014, a Virgin spaceship fell down during a test flight. The 39-year-old pilot was killed. In 2016, another SpaceX spaceship exploded (爆炸）. No one was hurt, but important parts of it were lost. The exploration of the space continues. Some companies want to take people to the moon and back someday. Others want to take people to Mars. The possibilities are endless. Maybe in our lifetime, those dreams will come true. 1．The underlined word “exploration” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A．discovery B．development C．training D．business 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．astronauts first traveled around the earth in 1957 B．SpaceX is a name of a company owned by Elon Musk C．Virgin Galactic hopes to send people to Mars by 2025 D．private companies do better than the government 3．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) to space travel? A．Supportive. B．Satisfied. C．Uncaring. D．Disappointed. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Predictions about Future Space B．The Races between Private Companies C．Recent Development of Science Technology D．Private Companies Entering Space Exploration 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【分析】本文主要介绍了自1957年，第一艘宇宙飞船被送上太空绕地球飞行后，人类开始了太空时代。如今，太空探索仍在继续，各国政府都在努力寻找新的发现。然而，有一个很大的变化：私营公司正在进入太空旅行领域。 1．词句猜测题。根据文中“Today, space exploration continues, and governments try hard to make new discoveries.”可知，现在太空探索仍在继续，下划线单词“exploration”的意思应是“探索”和“discovery，发现”意思接近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“SpaceX has been very successful in space travel. They made the spaceship to work for the International Space Station (ISS).”我们可知，SpaceX是Elon Musk旗下一家公司的名称。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“Maybe in our lifetime, those dreams will come true.”可推知，作者对去太空旅行的态度是支持。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。短文主要介绍了私营公司正在进入太空旅行领域。故文章的最佳标题应是：进入太空探索的私营公司。故选D。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $