句子成分及六大基本句型&专题1 命题点1 情态动词-【一战成名新中考】2026河南中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·教材精讲练

一战成名周 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 句子成分 成分 作用 位置 组成部分 例句 陈述句：主语(+助动 名词、代词、数词、动名 主语 句子说明的人或事物。 词/情态动词)+谓语 词、动词不定式、从 The apple is red. +其他. 句等。 说明主语的行为或状态。谓语 疑问句：（特殊疑问 词+)助动词/情态动 及物动词、不及物动词、 The man borrowed two 谓语 和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面 词+主语+谓语+其他？ 动词短语等。 books. 必须保持一致。 表示动作、行为的对象。 名词、代词、数词、动名 I like China. 宾语 注意：宾语分为直接宾语（指 动词或介词后。 词、动词不定式、宾语从 I want to watch the new 物)和间接宾语（指人）。 句等。 movie. 宾语 名词、形容词、动名词、 对宾语的补充。 宾语后。 动词不定式、分词、介词 We elected him monitor 补足语 短语等。 表语 说明主语的性质、状态或 名词、数词、形容词、动 特征。 系动词之后。 词不定式、介词短语、表 He is a teacher. 语从句等。 单词作定语常放在 名词、名词所有格、代 修饰名词或代词的词、词组或 所修饰的成分之前； 词、数词、形容词、介词 The woman with a baby in 定语 句子。 短语或从句放在所 短语、分词、动词不定 her arms is my sister. 修饰的成分之后。 式、定语从句等。 说明行为发生的时间、地点 方式、原因、目的、结果、条件 位置灵活：一般放在 状语 副词、介词短语、动词不 If you study hard,you will 程度等，用于修饰动词、形容 句末，但也可放在句 定式、分词、从句等。 pass the exam 词、副词或整个句子。 首或句中。 六大基本句型 句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）。 句型四：主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语。 rains ↓ t例，She showed her friends all her pictures 主语谓语 主语谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词)+宾语。 例.①Children often 句型五：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语。 sing this song. 例.①Lkep四ym clean. 主语 谓语宾语 2 He has accepted our invitation 主语谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 ②We invited our friends to come· 主语 谓语 宾语 ↓ 句型三：主语+系动词+表语。 主语谓语 宾语宾语补足语 例.①ebke is new 句型六：There+be动词(is/are/was/were)+主语+地点 ↓ 主语 系动词表语 状语。 ②The milk went sour 例：There is_a tree behind the shop, 主语 系动词表语 be动词主语 地点状语 教材精讲练·河南英语 49 专题一动词 知识必备 动词的分类 及物动词t.(在句中必须带宾语，有被动语态)：achieve,borrow,.consider. hold等。如：We can borrow books from the library. 实义动词 不及物动词i.(无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态)：argue,arrive,come, dance,rise等。如：The sun rises in the east.. 既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词t.&i.(以上两种特点皆有)：accept, ask,believe,.prepare等。如：Believe me!This dress is suitable for you./I believe in you. 状态系动词：be(am,is,are)。如：My father is tall and strong. 感官系动词：look,feel,smell,sound,taste。如：The flowers smell sweet. 连系动词 表“变化"的系动词：become,.come,fall,get,go,grow,turn。如：The bread has gone bad. 表“像"的系动词：look,seem,appear。如：He seems quite happy. 动词的分类 持续系动词：keep,stay,remain。如：She knew she must keep calm. be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being):用于构成进行时态和被动语态。 My mother is cooking now./The book was written by Lu Xun. have(has,had):用于构成完成时态。如：I have studied English for six years. 助动词 do(does,did:用于构成疑问句和否定句；用于倒装句、加强说话的语 气及代替前面刚出现的动词（避免重复）。如：Do you live in China??/ He didn't go./Do be quiet!/Only then did I realize it. shall(should)和will(would):用于构成将来时(shall仅用于第一人称，will 可用于各种人称)。如：Shall I open the window?/Will you sing a song to us? /I will have a try 情态动词 详见本专题 命题点1情态动词 [语篇填空第一节：2020.56] 考点精讲 情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，其本身词义不完全，不能单独使用，必须与动词原形一起构成谓 语。否定式一般是在其后加ot,一般疑问句通常将其提前到句首。 考向①》情态动词的基本用法[2020.56] 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 can 意为“能，会”，表能力。否定式为cant。 Jim can sing songs. 「2020.56 意为“可以”，表请求、允许。 Can I play basketball now? can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表过去的能力。否定式 Lily could swim at the age of 5. 为couldn't。 could 在疑问句中表示委婉地请求。 -Could you please lend me your 【注意】回答以could引导的一般疑问句时，用can,不用 phone? could. -Yes,I can./Sorry,I can't. 50 教材精讲练·河南英语 一战成名新中考 续表 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 I must work hard. 意为“必须，一定”，表主观意愿。 -Must I hand in my homework today? must 【注意】由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must;否定回 -Yes,you must./No,you needn't./ 答用needn'/don't have to,不能用mustn't。 No,you don't have to. mustn't 意为“一定不要，禁止”。 You mustn't talk in the library. 意为“不得不”，多表示客观必要。可被视为实义动词（有正 have to He has to get up early tomorrow. 常的人称、数、时态的变化)。 意为“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。否定式为 -Need I do the work at once? needn't,意为“不必”。 need -Yes,you must/have to./No,you 【注意】由need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must/have needn't/don't have to. to,否定回答用needn'/don'thave to。 意为“可以”，表请求、许可。 May I ask you a question? may 用于祈使句，表祝福或祝愿。 May you succeed! may的过去式，表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉。 -Might I sit here? might 【注意】由may或might引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用 -No,you can't/mustn't. can'/mustn't,不用may not。 意为“应该”，表要求和命令，也可表劝告或建议。否定式 You should come to school on time. should 为shouldn't。 表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中。 Should I leave at 7:00 p.m. 意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化。否定式为had had better You'd better come back early today. better noto 常用于疑问句中，多用于第一人称，表请求或征求对方的 shall 意见。 Shall we go to the zoo? will 用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称，表示意愿或请求。 Will you please pass the book to me? Would you please help me with my would 表示询问或请求，语气比wll更委婉。 maths? 考向②)》情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 It must be raining outside.My must 意为“一定，肯定”，表非常有把握的肯定推测。 father's clothes are wet. may 意为“有可能，也许”，表把握不大的肯定推测。 John may come back at 5:00 p.m. could 意为“有可能”，表没有把握的肯定推测，可能性低于may He could forget to call you. might 意为“也许”，表没有把握的肯定推测，可能性最低。 The pencil might be Bob's. He can't be having a meeting.I saw can't 意为“一定不，不可能”，表示十分有把握的否定推测。 him just now. may not 意为“可能不”，表示把握不大的否定推测。 Mandy may not come tonight. 教材精讲练·河南英语 51 考点精练 )易错点专练 用适当的情态动词完成句子 1.-Could I use your computer,Mr.Li? -Yes,you- Remember to turn it off when it is not in use. 2.-Must I study medicine and be a doctor like you,Mom? -No,you.You can make your own decision. 3.-Need I return the book tomorrow? -I'm afraid you.You can only keep it for 5 days according to the rules. 4.-Dad,may I go to the cinema this Saturday? -Of course you 5.-May I play football outside now,Mom? -No,you You must clean your room first. 一、从方框中选择适当的词（组）填空 Group 1 must have to may needn't should 1.You'd better not stay close to people with the flu.You get sick. 2.1 _get up early in the morning because I live far from school. 3.No one knows what will happen in the future,so we not waste our time and live a meaningful life. 4.It's a fine day today.You take a raincoat with you. 5.The guitar belong to Lisa.Only she played the guitar here yesterday. Group 2 can won't shall mustn't had better 6.Look at the sign over there!You park your car at the side of the road. 7.You not touch the painting on show in the museum.It's against the rules. 8.With the development of technology,robots perform tasks that were once thought to be impossible. 9.My parents_ _allow me to go out until I finish my homework. 10.There are new snacks in the shop. we go and have a taste this afternoon? 二、用适当的情态动词完成句子 1.Nowadays we_ _order dishes with our mobile phones and wait for waiters to bring the menu. 2.-Would you come to my birthday party tomorrow evening? —I'm afraid I_ I have to look after my grandparents. 3.-You'd better not laugh at others.It's too impolite. -Sorry,I do that again. 4.With the rapid development of Al,many people worry that they lose their jobs one day. 5.We listen to the teacher carefully in class.It's important for our studies. 52 教材精讲练·河南英语一就成名新中考 九年级（全）Units5~6 1.from 2.in 3.into 4.of 5.by 6.up 7.making 11.known 12.believed 13.It 14.that 15.remained 8.pleased 9.(It's)My pleasure/Not at all... 16.silent 17.seen 18.remains 19.without;that;in l0.①pleasure②pleasant③pleased④please 20.of/about2L.①break②talking 九年级（全）Units78 L.①making②tell③my2.managed3.management③attend④Dtook part in/joined in7.polluting&.from 4.to5.①ried②managed6.①joined②join in 九年级（全）Units9~10 1.①face②cooking③to2.put3.supposed4.be9.①of②important③for④have10.besides 5.We are not supposed to 6.watching 7.a 8.to 11.for 12.Dexcept 2but 3except for 九年级（全）Units11~12 1.to2.①smile②confident③understood3.walk10.①lived②living③Dlively④alive 11..fall 4.than 5.lively 6.living 7.alive 8.in 9.a 12.started 13.going 14.when 九年级（全）Units13~14 1.harmful 2.to 3.to 4.waste 5.can't/couldn't 9.①divided②separate 10.for1l.①making 6.(I'm afraid)I can't afford it 7.divided 8.from ②say③won 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 教材精讲练 专题一动词 命题点1情态动词 9.shown 10.protected 易错点专练 三、1.marked2.followed3.created4.seen 1.can 2.needn't/don't have to 3.must/have to 5.designed 6.missed 7.mixed 8.found 9.said 4.can 5.can't/mustn't 10.called 11.opened 12.made 13.closed -1.may 2.have to/must 3.should 4.needn't 14.invented 15.used 16.brushed 17.introduced 5.must 6.mustn't 7.had better 8.can 9.won't 18.added 10.Shall 命题点4主谓一致 二、l.can;don't have to/needn't2.can't3.wont 易错点专练 4.may/might/could 5.must/should 1.has 2.practises 3.are;is 4.is;get 5.was 命题点2动词的时态 6.is 易错点专练 一、1.was2.are3.was4.is5.are 1.stayed 2.was raining 3.live 4.have known 二、l.becomes2.plan3.dreams4.work5.pays 5.moves 三、l.help2.watches3.are4.uses5.makes 1.begins 2.developing 3.took 4.study 5.built 6.brings 7.play 8.depend 9.has 10.believe 6.played 7.keeping 8.laid 9.cleaning 四、l.are2.is3.was4.was5.are 10.planted 11.dealt 12.finished 13.follows 命题点5非谓语动词 14.helping 15.regretted 易错点专练 二、1.made2.passed3.started4.needs5.tried 1.reading 2.to catch 3.to have 4.littering 6.become 7.shows 8.act 9.provides 10.said 5.help/helping 6.connecting 7.(to)clean 8.watching 11.getting 12.come 13.offer 14.finds 1.preparing 2.make 3.believed 4.stay 15.received 16.collects 17.mentioned 18.am 5.running 6.climbing 7.protect 8.finished 命题点3动词的语态 9.solving 10.develop -1.is celebrated 2.be offered 3.be avoided 1.being 2.work 3.smiling 4.looking 5.share 4.learning 5.was cancel(1)ed 6.eating 7.buy 8.treat 9.keep 10.Knowing 二、l.sent2.writes3.solved4.taught5.built 11.sitting 12.put 13.grow 14.added 6.done 7.checking/to be checked 8.encouraged 15.feeling 16.shopping 专题二 名词 命题点1名词的数 5.advice 6.times 7.men 8.children 9.brushes 易错点专练 10.spirit 1.heroes 2.knives 3.teeth 4.sheep 5.Humans 二、1.situation2.dancer3.hours4.body 一、1.countries2.decision3.keys4.places 5.progress 6.chance 7.ears 8.efforts 参考答案·河南英语 19