第01讲阅读理解提升讲解 （寒假复习提升训练）高二英语人教版

第01讲阅读理解提升讲解 通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。 英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解需要具备的。 一、 主旨大意题 这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。 1.归纳标纳题 特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。 常见命题形式有： What’s the best title for the text? The best title for this passage is ___. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 2. 概括大意题 包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea）。 常见命题形式有： What is the general/main idea of the passage？ Which of the following expresses the main idea？ What is the subject discussed in the text? What’s the article mainly about？ 解题技巧 阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。 主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。 位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。 位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。 位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。 首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。 无明确主题句：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。 注意： 新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误： （1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节； （2）表述太过于笼统，已经超出该段的内容； （3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据 二、细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，大家需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。 1.事实细节题→寻读法 分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。 常见命题形式有： What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? 2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围） 常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。 常见命题形式有： Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…? 3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索 设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。 4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算） 可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。 三、推理判断题 主要考查大家对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断), indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想). 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断。 常见命题形式有： It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________. The author implies/ suggests that_____. We may infer that _________. Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated? 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测。 常见命题形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____ 3.推测文章来源或读者对象 常见命题形式有： The passage is probably take out of_____ The passage would most likely be found in_____ Where does this text probably come from? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。 询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。 常见命题形式 The purpose of the text is_____ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____ What is the author’s attitude towards…? What is the author’s opinion on…? The author’s tone in this passage is _____. 解答技巧 推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 ①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 ②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。 ③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。 四、词义猜测题 考点： ①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义 ②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义 ③判断某个代词的指代的对象。 常见命题形式有： The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____. The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______. The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______. The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following? Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ? 解答技巧 1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。 例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。 通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词 根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。) 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 7. 根据常识猜词 如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。） Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”） 阅读理解提升讲解精练试题： 阅读理解 A For more than ten years, I was a screen and TV writer, navigating the shark-filled waters of Hollywood. Despite the constant and unavoidable ups and downs of this life, I realized many of my dreams including working with stars like Lucas and writing an Emmy-winning TV show. Then, my life took an unexpected turn. In 2011, I agreed to teach a class. I discovered a deep love for it — the engagement with students and the stable income were welcome changes. As my writing career slowed, my wife encouraged me to pursue more teaching. I researched and found a position at UC Riverside. I said “Yes” to the interview, got the job, and within years became a professor. Academy became my focus, but I remained a writer at heart. I decided to write my first novel, free from deadlines, simply for the creative joy. In 2015, an email asked if I was interested in a talk in the community. I said “Yes”. The challenge was big; a 15-minute speech in front of 500 people and three cameras. However, I succeeded, and the talk was well-received. After the speech was uploaded to the internet, it led to an email from Publisher, suggesting a book on my talk’s topic. I instead recommended my novel. They asked if I wanted to launch a pre-sale campaign to attract readers. I said “Yes”. Publisher’s founder advised me to find an editor. Again, I said “Yes”. I hired Lauren Hughes, whose insightful feedback was incredibly encouraging. I accepted her notes and revised the manuscript. The pre-sale campaign sold over 300 books, generating interest from many readers. So my first novel was published. All this happened because I consistently said “Yes” to new opportunities, embracing challenges without knowing the outcome. This philosophy keeps me engaged against the pull of aging. As a professor, I urge students to be positive. I don’t know how my novel will be received, but when asked if I have a book out, I can proudly say “Yes”. 1．What did the author think of his work in Hollywood? A．It was steady and well-paid. B．It was tiring and disappointing. C．It was fruitful despite challenges. D．It was full of unbearable pressure. 2．Which word can best describe the pre-sale campaign? A．Unexpected. B．Nationwide. C．Demanding. D．Successful. 3．What can we know about the author? A．He has always lived in a state of instability. B．He faces the unknown and challenges bravely. C．He accepted teaching mainly for its high income. D．He viewed public speaking as an unavoidable duty. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Power of Saying “Yes”. B．A New Chapter in My Life. C．From Hollywood to Classroom. D．The Path to Becoming an Author. B Studies have shown that many people don’t commute by bike due mainly to a fear of being hit by cars. A new bike-mounted proximity (接近) sensor has been designed to help such folks, by objectively telling them which streets are the safest for cyclists. The new device (装置), ProxiCycle, simply replaces the bike’s existing left-side handlebar plug, where it uses two special light sensors to monitor the spaces directly beside and immediately behind the bicycle. Whenever an object is detected, the ProxiCycle employs a Bluetooth module to transmit the sensor data to an app on the cyclist’s smartphone. That app uses a special computer program to determine if the detected object was an automobile, and if it passed less than 1 m from the bike. If the reading meets both of those criteria, it is saved as an example of a motorized vehicle that passed the cyclist too closely. The idea is that over a relatively short period of time, readings gathered from multiple ProxiCycle users could be used to paint a realistic picture of just how dangerous various streets actually are. In an initial test of the technology, 7 cyclists rode through Seattle with both the device and an action camera mounted on their bike. Close-passing incidents recorded by the ProxiCycle were found to match up with those captured by the camera. Next, 15 Seattle cyclists used the device while going on a combined total of 240 bike rides over a two-month period. They recorded 2,050 close passes in that time, with the majority of the incidents taking place in locations where higher-than-average numbers of bike-car collisions had already been reported. The incidents also mostly occurred in areas that cyclists had previously perceived as being dangerous. Importantly, however, the sensor data proved to be a more accurate indicator of just how dangerous those places actually were. Researchers now plan on conducting larger-scale studies, which will include testing the ProxiCycle in other cities. 5．What is the primary reason why people avoid cycling according to the study? A．Concern of safety. B．Unskilled riding. C．Fear of passers-by. D．Lack of bikeway. 6．How does the ProxiCycle sensor assist cyclists? A．By monitoring traffic. B．By sending GPS signals. C．By giving out warnings. D．By sensing the safety distance. 7．What can we know about the sensor from the last paragraph? A．It is perceived dangerous. B．It is still in the testing stage. C．It can ensure riders’ security. D．It records incidents on roads. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Improving Traffic Safety for Bicycle Users B．Smartphone Apps for Navigation Assistance C．ProxiCycle: a Sensor to Enhance Cyclist Safety D．Developing Environmentally Friendly Bike Materials C We all know that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true? According to Time, of course not, taste has little to do with quality of water. As is mentioned in Time, when water is exposed to the air for 12 hours, carbon dioxide interacts with the H2O in the water, and the pH value lowers slightly. As a result, the water has a different taste. “But it’s most likely safe to drink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. That’s because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.” People in countries like the US, the UK and Australia usually drink tap water. According to Time, if tap water is drunk within six months, the chlorine (氯气) in the water will be enough to kill any bacteria and keep it safe to drink. However, there are also some exceptions. If you accidentally put your fingers into water or store water in unclean containers day after day, microorganism (微生物) will enter the water.With the help of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly. Sooner or later, the water will be full of the unfriendly bacteria. And if you drink the water too often, then you’re more likely to be ill. And what about water in plastic bottles? Heat and plastic are a bad combination, US researcher Kellogg Schwab stresses. When plastic bottles are used at high temperatures, they produce a chemical called BPA．BPA is something that affects hormones (荷尔蒙) and research has tentatively linked it to “several health damage, including heart disease and cancer”, Time reported. Schwab suggests replacing disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles with the refillable containers made of metal or glass to deal with BPA． 9．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________. A．introduce a topic B．draw a conclusion C．show an example D．analyze a phenomenon 10．Which of the following may Truls Krogh agree? A．Covered water can last for a thousand years. B．If the water tastes different, we shouldn’t drink it. C．Although kept fresh, water may still have much organic matter. D．The water held in a clean container is likely safe to drink. 11．Why do water microorganisms increase in number? A．Because the water is stored in clean containers. B．Because of the surrounding temperature and sunlight. C．Because the water contains a lot of organic matter. D．Because chlorine in the water fails to kill bacteria. 12．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Why Water Is Tasteless B．How to Get Clean Water C．Does Water Really Go Bad? D．Learn to Protect Water D Alexsandrah is a fashion model (模特) in London. She has a twin, but her twin is not her sister. The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place. Alexandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries. The companies that make clothing say using AI prevents people from buying their products, trying them on at home, and then sending them back if they dislike them. It could help a buyer make more sensible decisions, cutting down on product returns and waste. The fashion industry has often been arguing about using models who are only white or tall or who fit one idea of beauty. Activists for including many groups in fashion say some companies could seem like they are employing minorities (少数). Levi Strauss is an American clothing company known for its blue jeans. In March 2023, the company said it would be testing AI-generated models. The aim was to show how its clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes. But the company said it would not reduce its use of human models, for it would not replace humans with AI at the cost of the action toward its “diversity, equity and inclusion goals.” Others in the fashion industry are fully using AI. The Diigitals, a company in Britain, helped the human model Alexsandrah, who has worked in fashion shows as a real-life version of the AI model. “These are the pioneers. I’m proud of my work,” Alexsandrah said. Other models don’t feel good about AI. Yve Edmond works as a “fit model”. She tries on clothes for companies that want to see how their designs fit a real person. She worries that AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their system. She calls that a violation (侵犯) because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology. Edmond said she was called for photo shooting, but there were no new clothes. She was asked to move her body in certain ways and walk for a recording. 13．What is the function of Alexsandrah’s twin? A．Relieving the shortage of photographers. B．Providing inspiration for fashion models. C．Filling in for Alexsandrah in photo shoots. D．Promoting Alexsandrah’s popularity in modeling. 14．Why did Levi Strauss introduce AI models? A．To stick to its common belief. B．To make its products broadened. C．To avoid its dependence on human models. D．To demonstrate its clothes on all human figures. 15．What is Yve Edmond’s opinion on AI modeling companies? A．They ignore human models’ efforts. B．They help the human model Alexsandrah. C．They simply take away from human work. D．They can be accepted as a way out for the fashion industry. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Human Models Are Facing Threat from AI B．AI Makes Its Far-reaching Influence on Clothing Design C．Clothing Fashion Varies with Technological Development D．The Clothing Industry Wonders about the Effect of AI on Models E At 5:45 am on a recent Friday morning, a group of about 20 homeless guys warmed up in a parking lot across the street in East Harlem. 15 minutes later, they took off running. As they crossed the bridges between Manhattan and the Bronx during their four-mile journey, the strengthening sunshine reflected off the windows of nearby towering buildings. Ryan began jogging with the group known as Back On My feet seven months ago. Never a runner, he always wondered what the big deal about it was. Ask him today, however, and he’ll tell you, “It’s so natural, almost spiritual. Running has truly strengthened him. Less than a year after first hitting the road, Ryan completed a half marathon. Now he is studying to be a health advisor. Back on My feet is a program based on the idea that running can change a person’s self image. Early morning exercise three days a week provides a way of expressing depressive feelings and starts to change the way someone thinks about hard work. Now the program has reached 5200 homeless people. They show up voluntarily for four out of every five runs. Over 1900 have found jobs and 1300 have moved into independent housing. Back on My feet began in Philadelphia in 2007 on one of Ann Mahlum’s morning runs. Mahlum started running at the time to help deal with her father’s serious addiction problems. Running as a teen, she continually passed by a group of homeless men outside the Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission. In May 2007 she began to develop a friendship with them. By July, they started running with her. Inspired, Mahlum formed an official running club for the homeless. At first, only nine guys signed up. Today, Mahlum’s running club has grown into a nationwide organization. 17．What is the main purpose of the Back on My feet program? A．To provide homeless people with free housing and jobs. B．To use running as a way to change participants’ self image. C．To organize marathon competitions for homeless people. D．To help homeless people deal with addiction problems. 18．What does the underlined phrase “hitting the road” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Getting a job. B．Setting a goal. C．Going for a run. D．Considering an idea. 19．Why did Ann Mahlum set up Back on My feet? A．To care for her sick father. B．To help the homeless people. C．To raise people’s health awareness. D．To collect money for the homeless. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．The life challenges faced by homeless people in big cities. B．The physical and mental benefits of running for everyone. C．A running program that helps homeless people rebuild their lives. D．The personal story of a woman who changed homeless people’s lives. F How far back does your family tree go? A hundred years? A thousand years? What about six to seven million years? An ancient skull (头骨) found in Africa suggests that the human family might be that old. Discovered in 2001 in the desert of Chad, the skull was nicknamed Toumai by scientists. Toumai is a rare find. The skull is nearly complete. It even includes a few teeth. The Toumai skull is estimated to be between six and seven million years old. Scientists are debating whether the skull is linked to humans. The finding is not without controversy. Some scientists think that Toumai is the oldest known hominid (原始人) ever found. Others say Toumai is an ape (猿). Most hominids that scientists are aware of lived millions of years after Toumai. The most famous one is called Lucy. She lived in Ethiopia about 3.5 million years ago. While Lucy’s face looked like the face of a chimpanzee, Toumai’s skull has both human and ape-like features. Because Toumai’s skull looks different from other hominid skulls, some scientists think Toumai represents a whole new species. Toumai’s official name is Sahelanthropus tchadensis. Scientists were surprised to find a human-like face on a skull as old as Toumai’s. They thought hominids turned into humans step by step over time. Scientists mark those changes on a timeline, starting with a chimpanzee-like ancestor and ending with modern humans. Toumai’s human-like face and chimp-sized brain suggest that the development of hominids was not so simple. There may not be a direct line leading from Toumai to Lucy to us. Instead, the timeline might be similar to a tree with lots of branches. Different species in different places could have evolved human-like features at different times. Scientists aren’t sure where exactly Toumai belongs on a family tree. Toumai could be like a great-great-grandfather or just a distant cousin. Toumai could also be one of many types of hominids who wandered Earth millions of years ago. 21．What can we learn about Toumai skull? A．It is the oldest ape-like skull. B．It is about 3.5 million years old. C．It was named by a historian from Africa. D．It was hardly damaged before being discovered. 22．What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Argument. B．Surprise. C．Hardship. D．Unhappiness. 23．What do the scientists conclude from Toumai’s human-like face in paragraph 6? A．Hominids turned into humans in a simple way. B．Toumai may belong to the same species as Lucy. C．The development of hominids may not be a direct line. D．It confirmed the evolution from Toumai to Lucy to human. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Lucy: The Most Famous Ancient Hominid. B．The Human Family Tree: A Complete History. C．The Toumai Skull: Rethinking Human Evolution. D．Science Debate: Did Humans Come from Apes? G My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory— that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 25．Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. B．To imply his fear of forgetting. C．To reveal his reliance on control. D．To show his love for literature and cuisine. 26．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．He felt torn about his background. B．He struggled with his identity. C．His success originated from his roots. D．He stayed humble and rooted. 27．What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A．His desire for real adventure. B．His dream of global travel. C．His pride in inner journeys D．His escape from physical world. 28．What is the main theme of the passage? A．Pursuit and action. B．Memory and identity. C．Ambition and escape. D．Loss and regret. H In recent years, the concept of “slow travel” has appeared as a reaction to the fast-paced, mass tourism that dominates (主宰) the industry. Slow travel encourages travelers to engage deeply with local cultures, stay longer in destinations, and form meaningful connections with local communities. One of the key principles of slow travel is to reduce environmental impact. By choosing to stay in locally-owned accommodations, eating at family-run restaurants, and using public transportation or bicycles, travelers can greatly decrease their carbon footprint. For instance, a study found that tourists who engage in slow travel produce up to 70% less greenhouse gas emissions compared to those on traditional package tours. Slow travel also allows for a deeper cultural understanding. Instead of rushing through tourist attractions, slow travelers take the time to participate in local traditions, learn about historical importance, and interact with locals. This not only enriches the travel experience but also provides economic benefits to local communities. In some rural areas, “slow travel” has helped preserve (保存) endangered crafts and save dying traditions. However, slow travel is not without challenges. It requires more planning and flexibility. As travelers need to research local customs, transportation options, and authentic (真实的) experiences. Additionally, slow travel may not be feasible for everyone due to time or budget (预算) limit. For busy professionals or families with limited vacation days, spending weeks in a single destination may seem unrealistic. Despite these challenges, the slow travel movement continues to grow. Travelers are becoming more aware of their environmental and cultural impact, and many are seeking more authentic and sustainable ways to explore the world. As a result, travel companies are starting to offer more slow-travel options, such as longer home-stays and cultural experience programs. 29．Which is the benefit of slow travel? A．It can save money on traveling. B．It can be more environmentally friendly. C．It can increase the income of travel companies. D．It can allow travelers to visit more places hurriedly. 30．What can we learn about slow travel from the third paragraph? A．It has little impact on local economies. B．It focuses on interactions with travelers. C．It discourages travelers from learning about history. D．It may contribute to the preservation of traditional crafts. 31．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean in this context? A．desirable B．affordable C．practical D．classical 32．What can be inferred about the future of slow travel? A．It will cost less as time passes. B．It will only be accessible to rich travelers. C．It may become more popular in the future. D．It will take the place of traditional tourism entirely. I “Mobile phones killed our man,” screamed one headline last year. Also came statements that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain. For anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times: But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you will hear a different story. One of the strange effects comes from the now famous “memory loss” study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that mimicked the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were all good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Prece says he still can’t comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive (感知的) abilities. “I’m pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,” he says. Another expert, Lattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses (神经元突触) exposed to microwaves become more — rather than less — receptive to undergoing changes linked to the memory formation. It would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours (肿瘤) when given a cancer-causing chemical. So should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and making us unable to think clearly or reasonably? “If it doesn’t certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn’t going to cause cancer in humans,” says William. And while there’s still no absolute proof that mobile phone does damage your memories or give you cancer, the consensus is: Don’t panic. 33．What worries people who use mobile phones? A．Mobile phones may kill them. B．Mobile phones cause memory loss. C．Mobile phones heat the brain. D．All above is right. 34．What does the underlined word “mimicked” in the second paragraph most probably mean? A．Changed. B．Improved. C．Copied. D．Reduced. 35．What is the attitude of Preece to the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities? A．Doubt. B．Disagree. C．Approve. D．Wait and see. 36．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that being exposed to microwaves for two hours ________. A．can result in killing you B．is likely to develop brain tumours C．is unlikely to develop brain tumours D．will cause your loss of memory forever 37．Which of the following statements is true? A．There is no doubt that mobile phones are good for health. B．There is no solid evidence to indicate that mobile phones cause cancer. C．The safety problem with mobile phones will no longer attract public attention. D．Experiments increase public anxiety caused by mobile phones. J Giraffes are best known for their elegant necks. We have some pretty good ideas about why evolution gave them these long necks: to reach the growing tops of trees for nutritious leaves and to fight other males during mating season. But what about the giraffe’s extremely long legs? Less thought has been given to them. Giraffe legs generally extend to 6 feet in adults, almost as long as their necks. Their legs are so long that to drink water from a pond, giraffes must spread them out awkwardly like the support of a large tent, making it difficult for them to quickly run from lions or other hunters. To find out the secret, scientists from Australia designed “the elaffe”, a combination of giraffe and a much shorter creature called the common eland. It had a lengthened giraffe’s neck atop the short-bodied eland. When the scientists did the math on this imaginary creature, they found its unusual body shape was so hard on its heart that it could possibly die, because shorter legs mean the heart needs to work harder to push blood to flow back up. The elaffe would have to spend 21 percent of its energy powering its heart, while 16 percent in the giraffe. The longer legs, they found, save the giraffe 5 percent in terms of energy, that is, over 3,300 pounds of food of a year. Actually, giraffes may have had long legs before they had long necks. Either way, both parts create trouble for the heart. While gravity (重力) pushes blood from the heart to the lower legs, there is the risk of blood collecting in the feet. Meanwhile, getting blood to the brain requires an extremely high blood pressure and the giraffe risks passing out when it lifts its head. To solve these problems, giraffes have specially designed blood vessels (血管) that work like very tight long socks. Scientist David Barash explains, “The giraffe’s solution is highly elastic (有弹性的) vessel walls. These towering animals apparently needed more than long necks to gain an evolutionary leg up.” 38．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By providing background. B．By giving examples. C．By making a comparison. D．By defining a concept. 39．Why did scientists create the “elaffe” model? A．To prevent giraffes from dying out. B．To explore why giraffes have long legs. C．To compare its body shape with a giraffe’s. D．To show how giraffes may evolve in the future. 40．What did the scientists find about giraffe? A．Highly elastic vessels keep blood pressure low. B．Less elastic vessels may cause the brain damage. C．Short legs keep less blood to be collected in feet. D．Longer legs save them energy to power their heart. 41．What does “gain an evolutionary leg up” in the last paragraph mean? A．Keeping the body balance. B．Outrunning the dangerous hunters. C．Ensuring survival advantage. D．Changing giraffes’ blood pressure. ( 第 1 页 共 10 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲阅读理解提升讲解 通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。 英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解需要具备的。 一、 主旨大意题 这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。 1.归纳标纳题 特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。 常见命题形式有： What’s the best title for the text? The best title for this passage is ___. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 2. 概括大意题 包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea）。 常见命题形式有： What is the general/main idea of the passage？ Which of the following expresses the main idea？ What is the subject discussed in the text? What’s the article mainly about？ 解题技巧 阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。 主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。 位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。 位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。 位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。 首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。 无明确主题句：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。 注意： 新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误： （1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节； （2）表述太过于笼统，已经超出该段的内容； （3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据 二、细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，大家需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。 1.事实细节题→寻读法 分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。 常见命题形式有： What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? 2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围） 常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。 常见命题形式有： Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…? 3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索 设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。 4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算） 可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。 三、推理判断题 主要考查大家对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断), indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想). 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断。 常见命题形式有： It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________. The author implies/ suggests that_____. We may infer that _________. Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated? 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测。 常见命题形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____ 3.推测文章来源或读者对象 常见命题形式有： The passage is probably take out of_____ The passage would most likely be found in_____ Where does this text probably come from? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。 询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。 常见命题形式 The purpose of the text is_____ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____ What is the author’s attitude towards…? What is the author’s opinion on…? The author’s tone in this passage is _____. 解答技巧 推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 ①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 ②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。 ③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。 四、词义猜测题 考点： ①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义 ②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义 ③判断某个代词的指代的对象。 常见命题形式有： The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____. The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______. The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______. The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following? Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ? 解答技巧 1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。 例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。 通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词 根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。) 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 7. 根据常识猜词 如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。） Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”） 阅读理解提升讲解精练试题： 阅读理解 A For more than ten years, I was a screen and TV writer, navigating the shark-filled waters of Hollywood. Despite the constant and unavoidable ups and downs of this life, I realized many of my dreams including working with stars like Lucas and writing an Emmy-winning TV show. Then, my life took an unexpected turn. In 2011, I agreed to teach a class. I discovered a deep love for it — the engagement with students and the stable income were welcome changes. As my writing career slowed, my wife encouraged me to pursue more teaching. I researched and found a position at UC Riverside. I said “Yes” to the interview, got the job, and within years became a professor. Academy became my focus, but I remained a writer at heart. I decided to write my first novel, free from deadlines, simply for the creative joy. In 2015, an email asked if I was interested in a talk in the community. I said “Yes”. The challenge was big; a 15-minute speech in front of 500 people and three cameras. However, I succeeded, and the talk was well-received. After the speech was uploaded to the internet, it led to an email from Publisher, suggesting a book on my talk’s topic. I instead recommended my novel. They asked if I wanted to launch a pre-sale campaign to attract readers. I said “Yes”. Publisher’s founder advised me to find an editor. Again, I said “Yes”. I hired Lauren Hughes, whose insightful feedback was incredibly encouraging. I accepted her notes and revised the manuscript. The pre-sale campaign sold over 300 books, generating interest from many readers. So my first novel was published. All this happened because I consistently said “Yes” to new opportunities, embracing challenges without knowing the outcome. This philosophy keeps me engaged against the pull of aging. As a professor, I urge students to be positive. I don’t know how my novel will be received, but when asked if I have a book out, I can proudly say “Yes”. 1．What did the author think of his work in Hollywood? A．It was steady and well-paid. B．It was tiring and disappointing. C．It was fruitful despite challenges. D．It was full of unbearable pressure. 2．Which word can best describe the pre-sale campaign? A．Unexpected. B．Nationwide. C．Demanding. D．Successful. 3．What can we know about the author? A．He has always lived in a state of instability. B．He faces the unknown and challenges bravely. C．He accepted teaching mainly for its high income. D．He viewed public speaking as an unavoidable duty. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Power of Saying “Yes”. B．A New Chapter in My Life. C．From Hollywood to Classroom. D．The Path to Becoming an Author. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者从好莱坞影视编剧，到转型成为大学教授、出版首部小说的人生经历。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite the constant and unavoidable ups and downs of this life, I realized many of my dreams including working with stars like Lucas and writing an Emmy-winning TV show.(尽管生活中不可避免地会有起起落落，但我实现了许多梦想，包括与卢卡斯这样的明星合作，以及创作一部获得艾美奖的电视节目。)”可知，作者认为自己在好莱坞的工作尽管有挑战，但它还是很有成果的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The pre-sale campaign sold over 300 books, generating interest from many readers. So my first novel was published.(预售活动售出了300多本书，引起了许多读者的兴趣。所以我的第一部小说出版了。)”可知，预售活动很成功。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“All this happened because I consistently said “Yes” to new opportunities, embracing challenges without knowing the outcome.(这一切的发生都是因为我始终对新机会说“是”，在不知道结果的情况下接受挑战。)”可知，作者勇敢地面对未知和挑战。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“All this happened because I consistently said “Yes” to new opportunities, embracing challenges without knowing the outcome.(这一切的发生都是因为我始终对新机会说“是”，在不知道结果的情况下接受挑战。)”可知，文章主要强调了说“是”的力量。故选A。 B Studies have shown that many people don’t commute by bike due mainly to a fear of being hit by cars. A new bike-mounted proximity (接近) sensor has been designed to help such folks, by objectively telling them which streets are the safest for cyclists. The new device (装置), ProxiCycle, simply replaces the bike’s existing left-side handlebar plug, where it uses two special light sensors to monitor the spaces directly beside and immediately behind the bicycle. Whenever an object is detected, the ProxiCycle employs a Bluetooth module to transmit the sensor data to an app on the cyclist’s smartphone. That app uses a special computer program to determine if the detected object was an automobile, and if it passed less than 1 m from the bike. If the reading meets both of those criteria, it is saved as an example of a motorized vehicle that passed the cyclist too closely. The idea is that over a relatively short period of time, readings gathered from multiple ProxiCycle users could be used to paint a realistic picture of just how dangerous various streets actually are. In an initial test of the technology, 7 cyclists rode through Seattle with both the device and an action camera mounted on their bike. Close-passing incidents recorded by the ProxiCycle were found to match up with those captured by the camera. Next, 15 Seattle cyclists used the device while going on a combined total of 240 bike rides over a two-month period. They recorded 2,050 close passes in that time, with the majority of the incidents taking place in locations where higher-than-average numbers of bike-car collisions had already been reported. The incidents also mostly occurred in areas that cyclists had previously perceived as being dangerous. Importantly, however, the sensor data proved to be a more accurate indicator of just how dangerous those places actually were. Researchers now plan on conducting larger-scale studies, which will include testing the ProxiCycle in other cities. 5．What is the primary reason why people avoid cycling according to the study? A．Concern of safety. B．Unskilled riding. C．Fear of passers-by. D．Lack of bikeway. 6．How does the ProxiCycle sensor assist cyclists? A．By monitoring traffic. B．By sending GPS signals. C．By giving out warnings. D．By sensing the safety distance. 7．What can we know about the sensor from the last paragraph? A．It is perceived dangerous. B．It is still in the testing stage. C．It can ensure riders’ security. D．It records incidents on roads. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Improving Traffic Safety for Bicycle Users B．Smartphone Apps for Navigation Assistance C．ProxiCycle: a Sensor to Enhance Cyclist Safety D．Developing Environmentally Friendly Bike Materials 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。针对人们骑车怕被车撞的顾虑，ProxiCycle传感器可监测车距并记录危险路段，经测试数据准确，未来将开展更大规模测试。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Studies have shown that many people don’t commute by bike due mainly to a fear of being hit by cars.(研究表明，许多人不选择骑自行车出行，主要是因为害怕被汽车撞到)”可知，人们避免骑自行车的主要原因是安全方面的担忧。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“That app uses a special computer program to determine if the detected object was an automobile, and if it passed less than 1 m from the bike.(该应用程序会使用一种特殊的计算机程序来判断所检测到的物体是否为汽车，并且要确认该物体距离自行车的距离是否小于1米)”可知，ProxiCycle传感器通过感知安全距离为骑车者提供帮助。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers now plan on conducting larger-scale studies, which will include testing the ProxiCycle in other cities.(研究人员目前计划开展更大规模的研究，这些研究将包括在其他城市对ProxiCycle进行测试)”可知，传感器仍处于测试阶段。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The new device (装置), ProxiCycle, simply replaces the bike’s existing left-side handlebar plug, where it uses two special light sensors to monitor the spaces directly beside and immediately behind the bicycle.(这款名为“ProxiCycle”的新设备，只需替换掉自行车原有的左侧把手端盖，就能通过内置的两个专用光传感器，监测自行车侧方及正后方的区域)”结合文章说明了针对人们骑车怕被车撞的顾虑，ProxiCycle传感器可监测车距并记录危险路段，经测试数据准确，未来将开展更大规模测试。可知，C选项“ProxiCycle：一种能提高骑行者安全性的传感器”最符合文章标题。故选C。 C We all know that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true? According to Time, of course not, taste has little to do with quality of water. As is mentioned in Time, when water is exposed to the air for 12 hours, carbon dioxide interacts with the H2O in the water, and the pH value lowers slightly. As a result, the water has a different taste. “But it’s most likely safe to drink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. That’s because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.” People in countries like the US, the UK and Australia usually drink tap water. According to Time, if tap water is drunk within six months, the chlorine (氯气) in the water will be enough to kill any bacteria and keep it safe to drink. However, there are also some exceptions. If you accidentally put your fingers into water or store water in unclean containers day after day, microorganism (微生物) will enter the water.With the help of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly. Sooner or later, the water will be full of the unfriendly bacteria. And if you drink the water too often, then you’re more likely to be ill. And what about water in plastic bottles? Heat and plastic are a bad combination, US researcher Kellogg Schwab stresses. When plastic bottles are used at high temperatures, they produce a chemical called BPA．BPA is something that affects hormones (荷尔蒙) and research has tentatively linked it to “several health damage, including heart disease and cancer”, Time reported. Schwab suggests replacing disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles with the refillable containers made of metal or glass to deal with BPA． 9．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________. A．introduce a topic B．draw a conclusion C．show an example D．analyze a phenomenon 10．Which of the following may Truls Krogh agree? A．Covered water can last for a thousand years. B．If the water tastes different, we shouldn’t drink it. C．Although kept fresh, water may still have much organic matter. D．The water held in a clean container is likely safe to drink. 11．Why do water microorganisms increase in number? A．Because the water is stored in clean containers. B．Because of the surrounding temperature and sunlight. C．Because the water contains a lot of organic matter. D．Because chlorine in the water fails to kill bacteria. 12．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Why Water Is Tasteless B．How to Get Clean Water C．Does Water Really Go Bad? D．Learn to Protect Water 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水放置一段时间后味道改变的原因，探讨了水是否真的变质，以及不同存储条件下水的情况。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“We all know that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. (我们都知道水是没有味道的。但这样的事时有发生：你拿起昨天没喝完的那瓶水，尝起来味道怪怪的)”可知，该段通过生活现象引出本文话题，所以第一段目的是引入话题。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. That’s because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.(如果水被覆盖，质量好，原则上可以持续一千年。这是因为当水新鲜时，它含有很少的有机物。只要水装在干净的玻璃杯或瓶子里，就不会有污染物进入其中损害我们的健康)）”可知，特鲁尔斯·克罗格认为装在干净容器里的水可能是可以安全饮用的。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“With the help of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly. (在周围温度和透过窗户的阳光的帮助下，这些微生物迅速繁殖)”可知，水中的微生物数量增加是因为周围温度和阳光。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“We all know that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true?(我们都知道水是没有味道的。但这样的事时有发生：你拿起昨天没喝完的那瓶水，尝起来味道怪怪的。大多数情况下，你倾向于把瓶子扔进垃圾桶，以为水已经变质了。但这是真的吗？)”可知，文章开篇提出人们认为没喝完放置一段时间的水味道奇怪就是变质了这一观点，接着通过专家观点、不同情况分析等探讨水是否真的会变质，所以“Does Water Really Go Bad? (水真的会变质吗？)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 D Alexsandrah is a fashion model (模特) in London. She has a twin, but her twin is not her sister. The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place. Alexandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries. The companies that make clothing say using AI prevents people from buying their products, trying them on at home, and then sending them back if they dislike them. It could help a buyer make more sensible decisions, cutting down on product returns and waste. The fashion industry has often been arguing about using models who are only white or tall or who fit one idea of beauty. Activists for including many groups in fashion say some companies could seem like they are employing minorities (少数). Levi Strauss is an American clothing company known for its blue jeans. In March 2023, the company said it would be testing AI-generated models. The aim was to show how its clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes. But the company said it would not reduce its use of human models, for it would not replace humans with AI at the cost of the action toward its “diversity, equity and inclusion goals.” Others in the fashion industry are fully using AI. The Diigitals, a company in Britain, helped the human model Alexsandrah, who has worked in fashion shows as a real-life version of the AI model. “These are the pioneers. I’m proud of my work,” Alexsandrah said. Other models don’t feel good about AI. Yve Edmond works as a “fit model”. She tries on clothes for companies that want to see how their designs fit a real person. She worries that AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their system. She calls that a violation (侵犯) because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology. Edmond said she was called for photo shooting, but there were no new clothes. She was asked to move her body in certain ways and walk for a recording. 13．What is the function of Alexsandrah’s twin? A．Relieving the shortage of photographers. B．Providing inspiration for fashion models. C．Filling in for Alexsandrah in photo shoots. D．Promoting Alexsandrah’s popularity in modeling. 14．Why did Levi Strauss introduce AI models? A．To stick to its common belief. B．To make its products broadened. C．To avoid its dependence on human models. D．To demonstrate its clothes on all human figures. 15．What is Yve Edmond’s opinion on AI modeling companies? A．They ignore human models’ efforts. B．They help the human model Alexsandrah. C．They simply take away from human work. D．They can be accepted as a way out for the fashion industry. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Human Models Are Facing Threat from AI B．AI Makes Its Far-reaching Influence on Clothing Design C．Clothing Fashion Varies with Technological Development D．The Clothing Industry Wonders about the Effect of AI on Models 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍AI模特在时尚行业的应用：可替代真人工作、助品牌展示多元身形，同时也引发了模特对自身劳动权益被侵犯的担忧。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place.(每当亚历山德拉无法与摄影师合作时，这个虚拟的“双胞胎”就会代替她进行工作)”可知，亚历山德拉的双胞胎姐妹在拍摄照片时代替亚历山德拉。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“The aim was to show how its clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes.(其目的是展示该品牌的服装在各种体型的人身上所呈现出的效果)”可知，莱维·斯特劳斯引入人工智能模型以便在所有人体模型上展示其服装。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She worries that AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their system. She calls that a violation because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology.(她担心一些人工智能模型公司正在利用真实人物的图像和视频来训练他们的系统。她认为这是一种违规行为，因为这些人在该技术中所发挥的作用并未获得报酬)”可知，伊夫·埃德蒙认为人工智能模特公司忽视了人类模特的努力。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Alexsandrah is a fashion model in London. She has a twin, but her twin is not her sister. The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place. Alexsandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries.(亚历山德拉是一位在伦敦工作的时尚模特。她有一个双胞胎姐妹，但这个双胞胎并非她的亲姐妹。这个双胞胎是人工智能的产物。每当亚历山德拉无法与摄影师合作时，这个虚拟的双胞胎就会代替她工作。亚历山德拉的这个双胞胎形象展示了计算机图像如何影响创意产业)”结合本文介绍AI模特在时尚行业的应用：可替代真人工作、助品牌展示多元身形，同时也引发了模特对自身劳动权益被侵犯的担忧。可知，D选项“服装行业对人工智能对模特的影响感到疑惑”最符合文章标题。故选D。 E At 5:45 am on a recent Friday morning, a group of about 20 homeless guys warmed up in a parking lot across the street in East Harlem. 15 minutes later, they took off running. As they crossed the bridges between Manhattan and the Bronx during their four-mile journey, the strengthening sunshine reflected off the windows of nearby towering buildings. Ryan began jogging with the group known as Back On My feet seven months ago. Never a runner, he always wondered what the big deal about it was. Ask him today, however, and he’ll tell you, “It’s so natural, almost spiritual. Running has truly strengthened him. Less than a year after first hitting the road, Ryan completed a half marathon. Now he is studying to be a health advisor. Back on My feet is a program based on the idea that running can change a person’s self image. Early morning exercise three days a week provides a way of expressing depressive feelings and starts to change the way someone thinks about hard work. Now the program has reached 5200 homeless people. They show up voluntarily for four out of every five runs. Over 1900 have found jobs and 1300 have moved into independent housing. Back on My feet began in Philadelphia in 2007 on one of Ann Mahlum’s morning runs. Mahlum started running at the time to help deal with her father’s serious addiction problems. Running as a teen, she continually passed by a group of homeless men outside the Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission. In May 2007 she began to develop a friendship with them. By July, they started running with her. Inspired, Mahlum formed an official running club for the homeless. At first, only nine guys signed up. Today, Mahlum’s running club has grown into a nationwide organization. 17．What is the main purpose of the Back on My feet program? A．To provide homeless people with free housing and jobs. B．To use running as a way to change participants’ self image. C．To organize marathon competitions for homeless people. D．To help homeless people deal with addiction problems. 18．What does the underlined phrase “hitting the road” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Getting a job. B．Setting a goal. C．Going for a run. D．Considering an idea. 19．Why did Ann Mahlum set up Back on My feet? A．To care for her sick father. B．To help the homeless people. C．To raise people’s health awareness. D．To collect money for the homeless. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．The life challenges faced by homeless people in big cities. B．The physical and mental benefits of running for everyone. C．A running program that helps homeless people rebuild their lives. D．The personal story of a woman who changed homeless people’s lives. 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍名为“重新振作”的跑步项目，讲述其通过跑步帮助无家可归者重塑自我、改善生活的理念与成效。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Back on My feet is a program based on the idea that running can change a person’s self image. (‘重新振作’是一个基于跑步可以改变一个人自我形象这一理念的项目)”可知，该项目的主要目的是通过跑步改变参与者的自我形象。故选B项。 18．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Ryan began jogging with the group known as Back On My feet seven months ago. Never a runner, he always wondered what the big deal about it was. (瑞安七个月前开始加入这个名为‘重新振作’的团体一起慢跑。他以前从不跑步，总是想知道跑步有什么了不起的)”以及“Less than a year after first hitting the road, Ryan completed a half marathon. (在第一次hitting the road后不到一年，瑞安就完成了半程马拉松)”可知，“hitting the road”在这里指的是开始跑步。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Running as a teen, she continually passed by a group of homeless men outside the Sunday Breakfast Rescue Mission. In May 2007 she began to develop a friendship with them. By July, they started running with her. Inspired, Mahlum formed an official running club for the homeless. (青少年时期跑步时，她经常路过周日早餐救助站外的一群无家可归的人。2007年5月，她开始和他们建立友谊。到了7月，他们开始和她一起跑步。受到启发，马勒姆为无家可归者成立了一个正式的跑步俱乐部)”可知，安·马勒姆创立这个项目是为了帮助无家可归的人。故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇描述无家可归者参与跑步的场景，接着介绍参与者瑞安的转变，然后说明项目的理念和成果，最后讲述项目的起源。全文围绕这个通过跑步帮助无家可归者重建生活的项目展开。因此“一个帮助无家可归者重建生活的跑步项目”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 F How far back does your family tree go? A hundred years? A thousand years? What about six to seven million years? An ancient skull (头骨) found in Africa suggests that the human family might be that old. Discovered in 2001 in the desert of Chad, the skull was nicknamed Toumai by scientists. Toumai is a rare find. The skull is nearly complete. It even includes a few teeth. The Toumai skull is estimated to be between six and seven million years old. Scientists are debating whether the skull is linked to humans. The finding is not without controversy. Some scientists think that Toumai is the oldest known hominid (原始人) ever found. Others say Toumai is an ape (猿). Most hominids that scientists are aware of lived millions of years after Toumai. The most famous one is called Lucy. She lived in Ethiopia about 3.5 million years ago. While Lucy’s face looked like the face of a chimpanzee, Toumai’s skull has both human and ape-like features. Because Toumai’s skull looks different from other hominid skulls, some scientists think Toumai represents a whole new species. Toumai’s official name is Sahelanthropus tchadensis. Scientists were surprised to find a human-like face on a skull as old as Toumai’s. They thought hominids turned into humans step by step over time. Scientists mark those changes on a timeline, starting with a chimpanzee-like ancestor and ending with modern humans. Toumai’s human-like face and chimp-sized brain suggest that the development of hominids was not so simple. There may not be a direct line leading from Toumai to Lucy to us. Instead, the timeline might be similar to a tree with lots of branches. Different species in different places could have evolved human-like features at different times. Scientists aren’t sure where exactly Toumai belongs on a family tree. Toumai could be like a great-great-grandfather or just a distant cousin. Toumai could also be one of many types of hominids who wandered Earth millions of years ago. 21．What can we learn about Toumai skull? A．It is the oldest ape-like skull. B．It is about 3.5 million years old. C．It was named by a historian from Africa. D．It was hardly damaged before being discovered. 22．What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Argument. B．Surprise. C．Hardship. D．Unhappiness. 23．What do the scientists conclude from Toumai’s human-like face in paragraph 6? A．Hominids turned into humans in a simple way. B．Toumai may belong to the same species as Lucy. C．The development of hominids may not be a direct line. D．It confirmed the evolution from Toumai to Lucy to human. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Lucy: The Most Famous Ancient Hominid. B．The Human Family Tree: A Complete History. C．The Toumai Skull: Rethinking Human Evolution. D．Science Debate: Did Humans Come from Apes? 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了在乍得沙漠发现的一具颅骨有可能是人类的远古祖先的遗骨，他们可能生活在距今大约600-700万年前。也有的科学家认为这具颅骨是其他猿类的颅骨。这具颅骨的归属有待进一步考察验证。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“The skull is nearly complete. It even includes a few teeth.(头骨几乎是完整的；它甚至包括几颗牙齿)”可知，这具颅骨保存相对完整，故选D。 22．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Scientists are debating whether the skull is linked to humans.(科学家们正在争论这个头骨是否与人类有关)”及下文科学界对于这具颅骨到底是否属于人类存在不同的看法：有的科学家认为它是人类远古祖先的遗骨，有的科学家则认为它是一只类人猿的颅骨，存在争论。由此可知controversy在此与argument意义相近，表示“争论”。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Instead, the timeline might be similar to a tree with lots of branches. Different species in different places could have evolved human-like features at different times.(相反，时间线可能类似于一棵有着众多分支的树。不同地区的不同物种可能会在不同的时间点演化出类似人类的特征)”可知，原始人的发展可能不是一条直线。故选C。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“How far back does your family tree go? A hundred years? A thousand years? What about six to seven million years? An ancient skull (头骨) found in Africa suggests that the human family might be that old.(你们家族的历史可以追溯到多久之前呢？一百年？一千年？还是六七百万年？在非洲发现的一块古老头骨表明，人类家族的历史可能有这么悠久)”结合文章对颅骨归属的讨论，重点说明这块化石的发现挑战了传统的人类进化线性理论，让科学家重新思考人类进化的模式可知，C选项“图迈头骨：重新思考人类演化”最符合文章标题。故选C。 G My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory— that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 25．Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. B．To imply his fear of forgetting. C．To reveal his reliance on control. D．To show his love for literature and cuisine. 26．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．He felt torn about his background. B．He struggled with his identity. C．His success originated from his roots. D．He stayed humble and rooted. 27．What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A．His desire for real adventure. B．His dream of global travel. C．His pride in inner journeys D．His escape from physical world. 28．What is the main theme of the passage? A．Pursuit and action. B．Memory and identity. C．Ambition and escape. D．Loss and regret. 【答案】25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了父亲爱列清单的习惯、出身与成就，以及书籍构建的精神世界，寄托了作者对父亲的怀念。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. (我父亲喜欢列表。25年来，他记录了自己读过的539本书和每周日晚上都会观看的322集美国有线电视网的《读书纪要》。他还为他的迷你冰箱保存了杂货清单——百事可乐、咖啡、浓奶油——以及日常任务清单)”可知，父亲的清单涵盖阅读、购物、日常事务等，体现出他生活有条理、心思缜密。故选A项。 26．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. (尽管出身卑微，但他很聪明。在皮革厂度过一个夏天后，他16岁高中毕业，继续就读于波士顿学院。他参加了第二次世界大战，后来获得了物理学学位。然后，他在麻省理工学院林肯实验室工作，举家从洛厄尔搬到波士顿，并把孩子送到私立大学。他似乎已经把洛厄尔甩在了后面，但事实并非如此。在内心深处，他把自己看作是一个只是读过很多书的洛厄尔工人阶级的孩子)”可知，划线句子表示父亲实际上并没有抛弃洛厄尔的那个自己，即父亲功成名就后仍保持谦逊，不忘自己的出身根基。故选D项。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段“When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. (当我问他是否后悔没有去看世界时，他为自己辩护：“我曾在暴风雨中航行过大西洋，攀登过喜马拉雅山，与野生动物对峙。”然后他补充道：“我读书啊。”书籍就是他的世界)”可知，父亲的话体现出他对书籍构建的精神旅程的自豪。故选C项。 28．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory— that was how I was experiencing Dad now. (二十年后，我找到了它。爸爸用他流畅的笔迹回忆起洛厄尔——那段早已逝去、如今只留存于记忆中的时光。逝去且仅存于记忆——这就是我如今对父亲的感觉)”可知，文章围绕对父亲的记忆展开，父亲的身份认知贯穿始终，主题是Memory and identity。故选B项。 H In recent years, the concept of “slow travel” has appeared as a reaction to the fast-paced, mass tourism that dominates (主宰) the industry. Slow travel encourages travelers to engage deeply with local cultures, stay longer in destinations, and form meaningful connections with local communities. One of the key principles of slow travel is to reduce environmental impact. By choosing to stay in locally-owned accommodations, eating at family-run restaurants, and using public transportation or bicycles, travelers can greatly decrease their carbon footprint. For instance, a study found that tourists who engage in slow travel produce up to 70% less greenhouse gas emissions compared to those on traditional package tours. Slow travel also allows for a deeper cultural understanding. Instead of rushing through tourist attractions, slow travelers take the time to participate in local traditions, learn about historical importance, and interact with locals. This not only enriches the travel experience but also provides economic benefits to local communities. In some rural areas, “slow travel” has helped preserve (保存) endangered crafts and save dying traditions. However, slow travel is not without challenges. It requires more planning and flexibility. As travelers need to research local customs, transportation options, and authentic (真实的) experiences. Additionally, slow travel may not be feasible for everyone due to time or budget (预算) limit. For busy professionals or families with limited vacation days, spending weeks in a single destination may seem unrealistic. Despite these challenges, the slow travel movement continues to grow. Travelers are becoming more aware of their environmental and cultural impact, and many are seeking more authentic and sustainable ways to explore the world. As a result, travel companies are starting to offer more slow-travel options, such as longer home-stays and cultural experience programs. 29．Which is the benefit of slow travel? A．It can save money on traveling. B．It can be more environmentally friendly. C．It can increase the income of travel companies. D．It can allow travelers to visit more places hurriedly. 30．What can we learn about slow travel from the third paragraph? A．It has little impact on local economies. B．It focuses on interactions with travelers. C．It discourages travelers from learning about history. D．It may contribute to the preservation of traditional crafts. 31．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean in this context? A．desirable B．affordable C．practical D．classical 32．What can be inferred about the future of slow travel? A．It will cost less as time passes. B．It will only be accessible to rich travelers. C．It may become more popular in the future. D．It will take the place of traditional tourism entirely. 【答案】29．B 30．D 31．C 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“慢旅行”这一概念，阐述其减少环境影响、深化文化理解的优势，提及面临的挑战及未来发展趋势。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the key principles of slow travel is to reduce environmental impact. By choosing to stay in locally-owned accommodations, eating at family-run restaurants, and using public transportation or bicycles, travelers can greatly decrease their carbon footprint. (慢旅行的核心原则之一是减少环境影响。通过选择入住当地经营的住宿、在家庭经营的餐厅用餐、使用公共交通或自行车，旅行者能大幅降低碳足迹。)”可知，慢旅行能减少环境影响、降低碳足迹，具备更环保的优势。故选B项。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In some rural areas, ‘slow travel’ has helped preserve (保存) endangered crafts and save dying traditions. (在一些农村地区，‘慢旅行’助力保护濒危手工艺，挽救濒临消失的传统。)”可知，慢旅行对传统手工艺的保护有积极作用，可能有助于传统手工艺的传承。故选D项。 31．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Additionally, slow travel may not be feasible for everyone due to time or budget (预算) limit. For busy professionals or families with limited vacation days, spending weeks in a single destination may seem unrealistic. (此外，受时间或预算限制，慢旅行可能并非对所有人都feasible。对于工作繁忙的职场人士或假期有限的家庭来说，在一个目的地待数周似乎不现实。)”可知，对于工作繁忙的职场人士或假期有限的家庭来说，在一个目的地待数周似乎不现实，因此慢旅行可能并非对所有人是切实可行的。故划线词与C选项“practical(切实可行的)”为同义词。故选C项。 32．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Despite these challenges, the slow travel movement continues to grow. Travelers are becoming more aware of their environmental and cultural impact, and many are seeking more authentic and sustainable ways to explore the world. As a result, travel companies are starting to offer more slow-travel options, such as longer home-stays and cultural experience programs. (尽管面临诸多挑战，慢旅行运动仍在持续发展。旅行者们越来越意识到自身对环境和文化的潜在影响，许多人正在寻求更真实且可持续的方式来探索世界。因此，旅游公司也开始提供更多慢旅行的选项，比如更长的民宿住宿和文化体验项目。)”可知，慢旅行趋势在发展，旅行者需求增加且旅游公司积极配合，由此可推断其未来可能会更受欢迎。故选C项。 I “Mobile phones killed our man,” screamed one headline last year. Also came statements that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain. For anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times: But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you will hear a different story. One of the strange effects comes from the now famous “memory loss” study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that mimicked the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were all good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Prece says he still can’t comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive (感知的) abilities. “I’m pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,” he says. Another expert, Lattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses (神经元突触) exposed to microwaves become more — rather than less — receptive to undergoing changes linked to the memory formation. It would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours (肿瘤) when given a cancer-causing chemical. So should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and making us unable to think clearly or reasonably? “If it doesn’t certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn’t going to cause cancer in humans,” says William. And while there’s still no absolute proof that mobile phone does damage your memories or give you cancer, the consensus is: Don’t panic. 33．What worries people who use mobile phones? A．Mobile phones may kill them. B．Mobile phones cause memory loss. C．Mobile phones heat the brain. D．All above is right. 34．What does the underlined word “mimicked” in the second paragraph most probably mean? A．Changed. B．Improved. C．Copied. D．Reduced. 35．What is the attitude of Preece to the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities? A．Doubt. B．Disagree. C．Approve. D．Wait and see. 36．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that being exposed to microwaves for two hours ________. A．can result in killing you B．is likely to develop brain tumours C．is unlikely to develop brain tumours D．will cause your loss of memory forever 37．Which of the following statements is true? A．There is no doubt that mobile phones are good for health. B．There is no solid evidence to indicate that mobile phones cause cancer. C．The safety problem with mobile phones will no longer attract public attention. D．Experiments increase public anxiety caused by mobile phones. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．B 36．C 37．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕手机辐射是否会危害健康（如导致失忆、脑损伤、癌症等）展开，通过科学家的研究结果澄清相关恐慌。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Mobile phones killed our man,” screamed one headline last year. Also came statements that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain.(去年有一则标题尖叫道：“手机害死了我们的人。”还有消息称，一项未发表的研究发现手机会导致失忆。一家英国报纸在头版刊登了一张据称显示手机如何加热大脑的图片。）”可知，使用手机的人担心的问题包括手机可能致命、导致失忆、加热大脑。故选D项。 34．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that mimicked the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers.(布里斯托尔大学的艾伦·普雷斯和他的同事们将一个mimicked手机微波辐射的装置放在志愿者的左耳旁)”可知，该装置的作用是模拟手机的微波辐射，以便进行实验。由此推知，“mimicked”的意思是“模仿、复制”，与“Copied”含义相近。故选C项。 35．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive(感知的)abilities. “I’m pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,” he says.(但他排除了手机会对我们的感知能力产生即时影响的说法。“我很确定这对短期记忆没有影响，”他说)”可知，普雷斯明确反对“手机对感知能力有即时影响”这一观点。故选B项。 36．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours(肿瘤) when given a cancer-causing chemical.(几年前，加州退伍军人事务医疗中心的威廉·阿迪领导的一个团队发现，每天暴露在微波中两小时的老鼠，在被注射致癌化学物质后，患脑瘤的可能性更小)”可知，每天暴露在微波中两小时的老鼠患脑瘤的概率更低，由此可推断，这种情况下（实验场景中）不太可能患上脑瘤。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And while there’s still no absolute proof that mobile phone does damage your memories or give you cancer, the consensus is: Don’t panic.(虽然目前还没有确凿的证据表明手机会损害你的记忆或导致癌症，但共识是：不要恐慌)”可知，没有确凿证据表明手机会致癌。故选B项。 J Giraffes are best known for their elegant necks. We have some pretty good ideas about why evolution gave them these long necks: to reach the growing tops of trees for nutritious leaves and to fight other males during mating season. But what about the giraffe’s extremely long legs? Less thought has been given to them. Giraffe legs generally extend to 6 feet in adults, almost as long as their necks. Their legs are so long that to drink water from a pond, giraffes must spread them out awkwardly like the support of a large tent, making it difficult for them to quickly run from lions or other hunters. To find out the secret, scientists from Australia designed “the elaffe”, a combination of giraffe and a much shorter creature called the common eland. It had a lengthened giraffe’s neck atop the short-bodied eland. When the scientists did the math on this imaginary creature, they found its unusual body shape was so hard on its heart that it could possibly die, because shorter legs mean the heart needs to work harder to push blood to flow back up. The elaffe would have to spend 21 percent of its energy powering its heart, while 16 percent in the giraffe. The longer legs, they found, save the giraffe 5 percent in terms of energy, that is, over 3,300 pounds of food of a year. Actually, giraffes may have had long legs before they had long necks. Either way, both parts create trouble for the heart. While gravity (重力) pushes blood from the heart to the lower legs, there is the risk of blood collecting in the feet. Meanwhile, getting blood to the brain requires an extremely high blood pressure and the giraffe risks passing out when it lifts its head. To solve these problems, giraffes have specially designed blood vessels (血管) that work like very tight long socks. Scientist David Barash explains, “The giraffe’s solution is highly elastic (有弹性的) vessel walls. These towering animals apparently needed more than long necks to gain an evolutionary leg up.” 38．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By providing background. B．By giving examples. C．By making a comparison. D．By defining a concept. 39．Why did scientists create the “elaffe” model? A．To prevent giraffes from dying out. B．To explore why giraffes have long legs. C．To compare its body shape with a giraffe’s. D．To show how giraffes may evolve in the future. 40．What did the scientists find about giraffe? A．Highly elastic vessels keep blood pressure low. B．Less elastic vessels may cause the brain damage. C．Short legs keep less blood to be collected in feet. D．Longer legs save them energy to power their heart. 41．What does “gain an evolutionary leg up” in the last paragraph mean? A．Keeping the body balance. B．Outrunning the dangerous hunters. C．Ensuring survival advantage. D．Changing giraffes’ blood pressure. 【答案】38．A 39．B 40．D 41．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍长颈鹿长脖子的已知进化原因，重点探究其长腿的秘密，通过模拟模型发现长腿节能，且长颈鹿有特殊血管应对相关生理挑战。 38．推理判断题。根据第一段“Giraffes are best known for their elegant necks. We have some pretty good ideas about why evolution gave them these long necks: to reach the growing tops of trees for nutritious leaves and to fight other males during mating season. But what about the giraffe’s extremely long legs? Less thought has been given to them. Giraffe legs generally extend to 6 feet in adults, almost as long as their necks. Their legs are so long that to drink water from a pond, giraffes must spread them out awkwardly like the support of a large tent, making it difficult for them to quickly run from lions or other hunters.(长颈鹿最为人所知的便是它们那优雅的长脖子。我们对于长颈鹿为何进化出如此长的脖子有着一些合理的解释：为了能够够到高处的树梢以获取营养丰富的树叶，以及在交配季节与其他雄性长颈鹿竞争。但对于长颈鹿那极其长的腿，人们却关注得较少。成年长颈鹿的腿通常能伸展到6英尺长，几乎与它们的脖子一样长。它们的腿如此之长，以至于长颈鹿要从池塘里喝水时，必须像支撑大型帐篷那样伸展双腿，这使得它们难以迅速躲避狮子或其他猎手)”可知，作者先介绍了长颈鹿长脖子的进化原因这一已知背景，再引出“长颈鹿的长腿却很少被关注”的话题，是通过铺垫背景的方式切入主题，故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据第二段“To find out the secret, scientists from Australia designed “the elaffe”, a combination of giraffe and a much shorter creature called the common eland. It had a lengthened giraffe’s neck atop the short-bodied eland. When the scientists did the math on this imaginary creature, they found its unusual body shape was so hard on its heart that it could possibly die, because shorter legs mean the heart needs to work harder to push blood to flow back up.(为了揭开这一奥秘，来自澳大利亚的科学家们设计出了一种名为“elaffe”的假想生物——它结合了长颈鹿和一种体型矮小得多的动物，即普通伊兰羚羊的特征。这种假想生物将长颈鹿修长的脖颈安在了伊兰羚羊短壮的躯干之上。当科学家们对这种虚构生物进行数据测算后发现，它怪异的身形会给心脏带来巨大负担，甚至可能导致其死亡，原因在于较短的四肢意味着心脏需要更费力地将血液泵回身体上端)”可知，科学家设计这个假想生物是为了探究长颈鹿为何拥有长腿。故选B。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段“The elaffe would have to spend 21 percent of its energy powering its heart, while 16 percent in the giraffe. The longer legs, they found, save the giraffe 5 percent in terms of energy, that is, over 3,300 pounds of food of a year.(长颈鹿的心脏需要消耗其体内16%的能量来维持跳动，而elaffe则需要消耗21%的能量。他们发现，长颈鹿的较长腿型使其每年节省了5%的能量，也就是说，节省了超过3300磅的食物)”可知，科学家们发现更长的腿能帮助长颈鹿节省能量，以维持心脏的正常运转。故选D。 41．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“To solve these problems, giraffes have specially designed blood vessels (血管) that work like very tight long socks. Scientist David Barash explains, “The giraffe’s solution is highly elastic (有弹性的) vessel walls. These towering animals apparently needed more than long necks to gain an evolutionary leg up.”(为了解决这些问题，长颈鹿进化出了构造特殊的血管，其作用就如同一双紧绷的长筒袜。科学家戴维・巴拉什解释道：“长颈鹿的应对之策，在于其血管壁具备高度的弹性。显然，这些身形高大的动物要想gain an evolutionary leg up，光靠修长的脖子是远远不够的。”)”可知，长颈鹿有专门设计的血管，血管壁具有高度弹性，这些高大的动物需要的不仅仅是长脖子来获得进化上的优势，也就是确保生存优势，“gain an evolutionary leg up (确保生存优势)”符合题意。故选C。 ( 第 1 页 共 14 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $