Unit 4 History and Traditions 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题） 导学案-2026届高三英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖必修第二册U4核心词汇（如belong、surround等12个高频词及短语）和语法专题（过去分词作表语与状语），按“考频分层+真题案例”架构构建知识网络，通过高考真题引入考点，优化练习题（单句语法填空、句式升级等）任务驱动，引导学生自主梳理词汇用法与语法规则，形成“词汇-语法-真题”的逻辑认知链。 亮点在于“诊断-提升”个性化复习设计，开篇设置高考真题自测诊断薄弱点，词汇模块的句式升级任务培养思维品质，语法部分的语境辨析题提升语言能力。每个模块配有错题归因表与反思总结任务，帮助学生自主构建知识体系，教师可通过学情数据精准指导，支持因材施教，有效培养学生自主复习能力。

2026年人教必修第二册U4 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题） 第一部分 核心词汇词组 1. belong（vi. 应在某处；适应） 高考真题 1. 2024年浙江卷·语法填空 The old man’s ________ (belong) were found in a small box under the bed, including a letter from his daughter. 答案：belongings 解析：考查名词复数。belonging作“财物”讲时为可数名词，常用复数形式belongings；结合空后were可知，此处需填复数，表“老人的财物”。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·模拟题 The cultural relics ________ to the Tang Dynasty are now on display in the museum. A. belong B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong 答案：C 解析：考查非谓语动词。belong to无被动语态，作后置定语时需用现在分词形式；此处belonging to the Tang Dynasty修饰relics，表“属于唐代的文物”，故选C。 3. 2023年天津卷·翻译题 这块土地自古以来就属于中国，这是不容置疑的事实。 答案：This piece of land has belonged to China since ancient times, which is an undeniable fact. 解析：考查belong to的用法。belong to无被动语态，结合“自古以来”用现在完成时has belonged to，表动作持续至今。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2025江苏模拟) Many children living in orphanages lack a sense of ________ (belong), so volunteers often visit them. ②(2024山东模拟) The books on the shelf ________ (belong) to the school library, so you can’t take them home. 5. 完成句子 ③这个社区的居民都有强烈的归属感，因为大家经常一起参加活动。 Residents in this community all have a strong ________, because they often take part in activities together. ④他声称这块手表属于他，但实际上是他偷来的。 He claimed that the watch ________ him, but in fact he stole it. 6. 句式升级 ⑤The village that belongs to this town has developed a new tourism industry.（改为现在分词短语作定语） → The village ________ this town has developed a new tourism industry. 答案与解析 4. ① belonging（sense of belonging为固定搭配，表“归属感”，belonging为不可数名词）② belong（主语books为复数，belong to无被动，用一般现在时原形） 5. ③ sense of belonging（贴合“归属感”语境）④ belonged to（根据claimed可知用一般过去时，belong to无被动） 6. ⑤ belonging to（belong to作定语时用现在分词，表主动关系） 2.surround（vt. 围绕；包围） 高考真题 1. 2024年天津卷·语法填空 When we arrived at the mountain village, we were surprised to see it ________ (surround) by green forests and clear streams. 答案：surrounded 解析：考查with复合结构的变形（此处为“see+宾语+宾补”）。village与surround为被动关系，需用过去分词surrounded，表“村庄被森林和溪流包围”。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅱ卷·单选 The ________ (surround) area of the lake has been turned into a park, where people can walk and relax. A. surround B. surrounding C. surroundings D. surrounded 答案：B 解析：考查形容词用法。此处需形容词修饰area，surrounding作形容词时表“周围的”，surroundings为名词（表“环境”），surrounded为过去分词（表被动），故选B。 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 这座古城被城墙包围，城内保存着许多明清时期的建筑。 答案：This ancient city is surrounded by city walls, and many buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties are preserved inside. 解析：考查be surrounded by的被动用法，表“被……包围”，贴合古城与城墙的被动关系。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024江苏模拟) The hikers set up camp in the ________ (surround) of mountains, enjoying the fresh air. ②(2025山东模拟) With the city ________ (surround) by a river, it has become a popular tourist destination. 5. 小情境写作 ③从前，一座城堡坐落在山脚下，周围环绕着茂密的森林和清澈的湖泊。（用surround相关短语） 6. 词汇辨析 ④The ________ (surround/surroundings) of the school are quiet, which is good for study. ⑤The school is ________ (surround/surrounded) by tall trees, making it cool in summer. 答案与解析 4. ① surroundings（in the surroundings of为固定搭配，表“在……的环境中”，surroundings为名词）② surrounded（with复合结构中，city与surround为被动关系，用过去分词） 5. ③ Once upon a time, a castle stood at the foot of a mountain, surrounded by dense forests and clear lakes.（用过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动） 6. ④ surroundings（需名词表“环境”，surroundings为复数）⑤ surrounded（be surrounded by为固定搭配，表“被……包围”，用被动） 3. charge（n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电） 高考真题 1. 2024年江苏卷·单选 The hotel ________ 200 yuan for a standard room per night, which is quite reasonable. A. charges B. costs C. takes D. spends 答案：A 解析：考查动词搭配。charge表示“收费”时，常用搭配为“charge sb money for sth”，此处表“酒店每晚收200元”，cost主语为物（sth costs sb money），take/spend不用于“收费”，故选A。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空 The man who was ________ (charge) with stealing was finally proved innocent after further investigation. 答案：charged 解析：考查被动语态。charge sb with (doing) sth表“控告某人做某事”，此处man与charge为被动关系，需用过去分词charged。 3. 2023年全国卷Ⅱ·翻译题 这位医生负责这家医院的内科，并且从不向病人额外收费。 答案：This doctor is in charge of the internal medicine department of the hospital and never charges patients extra fees. 解析：考查in charge of（负责，主语为人）和charge sb money（向某人收费），贴合“主管”和“收费”两个核心义项。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024天津模拟) The company provides free training for new employees, so there is no ________ (charge) for it. ②(2025浙江模拟) After the director left, Ms Li took ________ (charge) of the project and finished it on time. 5. 一句多译③这家餐厅对这道菜收费50元，而且不提供免费饮料。（用charge相关短语）→ ________________________________________________________________________________→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 语境辨析 ④The police ________ (charged/took charge of) him with drunk driving. ⑤Mr Wang ________ (charged/took charge of) the team when the coach was ill. 答案与解析 4. ① charge（no charge为固定搭配，表“免费”，charge为不可数名词）② charge（take charge of为固定搭配，表“接管；负责”） 5. ③ → This restaurant charges 50 yuan for this dish and doesn’t provide free drinks.→ This dish costs 50 yuan in this restaurant, and there is no free drink provided.（用cost替换charge，覆盖不同表达） 6. ④ charged（表“控告”，用charge sb with sth）⑤ took charge of（表“负责”，用take charge of sth） 4：announce（vt. 宣布；通知；声称） 高考真题 1. 2025年浙江卷·语法填空 The school made an ________ (announce) that the sports meeting would be held next Friday. 答案：announcement 解析：考查名词转换。空前有不定冠词an，需填announce的名词形式announcement（表“通知”），make an announcement为固定搭配。 2. 2024年北京卷·单选 It ________ (announce) that the new subway line will open to the public next month. A. is announced B. announces C. announced D. was announced 答案：A 解析：考查固定句型。It is announced that...为固定结构，表“据宣布……”，it为形式主语，真正主语为that从句；结合“next month”可知用一般现在时的被动，故选A。 3. 2023年山东卷·翻译题 校长在会上向全体师生宣布了今年的招生计划。 答案：The principal announced this year’s enrollment plan to all teachers and students at the meeting. 解析：考查announce sth to sb的搭配，表“向某人宣布某事”，贴合“会议通知”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024江苏模拟) The ________ (announce) of the winner will be made at the end of the concert. ②(2025天津模拟) The spokesman ________ (announce) to the media that the company would invest in new technology. 5. 高考情境写作 ③学校广播站通知，明天的英语演讲比赛将在礼堂举行，请参赛选手提前到场。（用announce相关表达） 6. 句型转换④The government announced that the tax policy would be adjusted.（改为It is announced that...结构）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 4.① announcement（空后有of，需名词形式，表“获胜者的宣布”） ② announced（根据would invest可知用一般过去时，announce to sb表“向某人宣布”） 5. ③ The school radio station announced that tomorrow’s English speech contest would be held in the auditorium, and contestants should arrive in advance.（结合announce that从句，贴合校园通知语境） 6. ④ It is announced that the tax policy would be adjusted by the government.（转换为固定句型，it作形式主语） 5：amount（n. 金额；数量） 高考真题 1. 2024年全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空 A large amount of money ________ (donate) to the disaster area so far, helping people rebuild their homes. 答案：has been donated 解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。a large amount of修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数；结合so far可知用现在完成时，money与donate为被动关系，故填has been donated。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅱ卷·单选 Large amounts of water ________ (waste) every day because of the leaky pipes. A. is wasted B. are wasted C. waste D. wastes 答案：B 解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。large amounts of修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数；water与waste为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动，故选B。 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 这个项目需要大量的时间和精力，所以我们必须做好充分准备。 答案：This project requires a large amount of time and energy, so we must make full preparations. 解析：考查a large amount of修饰不可数名词（time and energy），表“大量的”，贴合“项目需求”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024北京模拟) An increasing amount of attention ________ (pay) to environmental protection in recent years. ②(2025山东模拟) Large amounts of food ________ (send) to the poor areas last month. 5. 语境辨析 ③A large ________ (number/amount) of students have joined the English club.（修饰可数名词） ④A large ________ (number/amount) of rain has fallen in the past few days.（修饰不可数名词） 6. 完成句子⑤到目前为止，已经有大量资金投入到这个研发项目中。（用amount相关短语） 答案与解析 4. ① has been paid（an amount of作主语，谓语单数；结合recent years用现在完成时，attention与pay为被动）② were sent（amounts of作主语，谓语复数；结合last month用一般过去时，food与send为被动） 5. ③ number（a large number of修饰可数名词students）④ amount（a large amount of修饰不可数名词rain） 6. ⑤ So far, a large amount of money has been invested in this R&D project.（so far提示现在完成时，被动表“资金被投入”） 6：approach（n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近） 高考真题 1. 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空 The government has put forward a new approach ________ (solve) the problem of traffic congestion. 答案：to solving 解析：考查固定搭配。approach to为固定结构，to为介词，后接动名词，表“解决……的方法”，故填to solving。 2. 2025年天津卷·单选 As the Spring Festival ________ (approach), more and more people start to prepare for family reunions. A. approaches B. is approaching C. approached D. will approach 答案：B 解析：考查动词时态。as引导时间状语从句，表“随着……临近”，用现在进行时表将来，故选B。 3. 2023年江苏卷·翻译题 我们需要找到一种新方法来提高学习效率，而不是一味地延长学习时间。 答案：We need to find a new approach to improving learning efficiency instead of simply extending study time. 解析：考查approach to doing sth的搭配，表“提高效率的方法”，贴合“学习方法”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024浙江模拟) The ________ (approach) of winter means that the temperature will drop sharply. ②(2025山东模拟) The scientist approached the problem by ________ (use) advanced technology. 5. 词汇复现③With the exam approaching, students are busy reviewing.（替换为at the approach of）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④他主动接近那位教授，询问关于考研的建议。（用approach sb） 答案与解析 4. ① approach（空后有of，需名词形式，表“冬天的临近”）② using（by为介词，后接动名词，表“通过使用技术”） 5. ③ At the approach of the exam, students are busy reviewing.（at the approach of表“临近……时”，替换现在分词） 6. ④ He took the initiative to approach the professor and ask for advice on postgraduate exams.（approach sb表“接近某人”，贴合“请教”语境） 7：eager（adj. 热切的；渴望的） 高考真题 1. 2025年江苏模拟·语法填空 The children are eager ________ (visit) the zoo this weekend, as they have never seen a real panda before. 答案：to visit 解析：考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth为固定结构，表“渴望做某事”，故填to visit。 2. 2024年天津卷·单选 Her ________ (eager) to learn new things made her one of the top students in the class. A. eager B. eagerness C. eagerly D. eagernesses 答案：B 解析：考查名词转换。空前有形容词性物主代词her，需填eager的名词形式eagerness（不可数），表“学习的渴望”，故选B。 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 年轻人们热切地希望参与社区志愿服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。 答案：Young people are eager to participate in community volunteer services and contribute their strength to society. 解析：考查be eager to do sth的搭配，表“热切希望参与”，贴合“志愿服务”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024北京模拟) The students listened with ________ (eager) to the teacher’s introduction of the new course. ②(2025山东模拟) She is eager ________ knowledge and spends most of her free time reading. 5. 词汇替换③We are eager to know the result of the exam.（替换为anxious，保持同义）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④父母热切希望孩子能健康成长，所以会给予他们足够的关爱和支持。（用be eager that...） 答案与解析 4. ① eagerness（with为介词，后接名词，with eagerness表“热切地”）② for（be eager for为固定搭配，表“渴望知识”） 5. ③ We are anxious to know the result of the exam.（anxious与eager同义，表“渴望的”） 6. ④ Parents are eager that their children should grow up healthily, so they give them enough care and support.（be eager that从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略） 8：break away (from sb/sth)（脱离；背叛；逃脱） 高考真题 1. 2024年全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空 The car ________ (break) down on the way to the airport, so we had to take a taxi. 答案：broke 解析：考查动词时态。break down表“出故障”，结合“had to”可知用一般过去时，break的过去式为broke。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·单选 When the fire ________ (break) out, the firefighters arrived quickly and put it out in 10 minutes. A. broke B. breaks C. was breaking D. will break 答案：A 解析：考查动词时态。break out表“爆发”，为瞬间动词，无进行时；结合“arrived”可知用一般过去时，故选A。 3. 2023年江苏卷·翻译题 这个地区在1999年脱离了原国家，成为一个独立的共和国。 答案：This region broke away from the original country in 1999 and became an independent republic. 解析：考查break away from的搭配，表“脱离原国家”，结合1999年用一般过去时。 优化练习题 4. 短语填空（用break相关短语） ①(2024天津模拟) Thieves ________ (break) into the store last night and stole a lot of valuables. ②(2025浙江模拟) The meeting ________ (break) off for 10 minutes because of a power cut. 5. 语境辨析 ③The computer ________ (broke down/broke away) again, so I had to call a repairman.（出故障） ④The prisoner ________ (broke down/broke away) from the guards and ran away.（逃脱） 6. 完成句子⑤他们的友谊因一场误会破裂，再也没有恢复。（用break up） 答案与解析 4. ① broke（break into表“闯入”，结合last night用一般过去时）② broke（break off表“中断”，结合had to用一般过去时） 5. ③ broke down（break down表“出故障”，贴合电脑故障语境）④ broke away（break away表“逃脱”，贴合囚犯逃跑语境） 6. ⑤ Their friendship broke up because of a misunderstanding and never recovered.（break up表“破裂”，结合“再也没有恢复”用一般过去时） 9：as well as（同……一样也；和；还） 高考真题 1. 2024年新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空 The teacher as well as her students ________ (be) interested in the new science exhibition. 答案：is 解析：考查主谓一致。as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语（the teacher）保持一致，用单数；结合语境用一般现在时，故填is。 2. 2025年天津卷·单选 She enjoys reading ________ well as writing, and has published two novels. A. as B. so C. too D. also 答案：A 解析：考查固定搭配。as well as为固定短语，表“和；还”，此处连接reading和writing，故选A。 3. 2023年山东卷·翻译题 他不仅擅长打篮球，还会弹钢琴，经常在学校文艺晚会上表演。 答案：He is good at playing basketball as well as playing the piano, and often performs at the school art evening. 解析：考查as well as连接并列动名词，表“不仅……还……”，贴合“多才多艺”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024江苏模拟) Tom as well as his parents ________ (visit) the Great Wall every year. ②(2025浙江模拟) As well as ________ (study) hard, she also takes part in various after-school activities. 5. 句型转换③He can speak English and he can also speak French.（用as well as改写）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④这家超市出售食品、日用品，还有电子产品，满足顾客的不同需求。（用as well as） 答案与解析 4. ① visits（as well as连接主语，谓语与Tom一致，用单数；every year用一般现在时）② studying（as well as连接并列成分，前面为介词in，后接动名词） 5. ③ He can speak English as well as French.（as well as连接并列名词，表“和”） 6. ④ This supermarket sells food, daily necessities as well as electronic products, meeting customers’ different needs.（as well as连接并列名词，表“还有”） 10：keep your eyes open (for)（留心；留意） 高考真题 1. 2025年浙江卷·语法填空 Keep ________ eye on the child when he plays near the pool, in case he falls in. 答案：an 解析：考查固定搭配。keep an eye on为固定短语，表“留意；照看”，eye为可数名词，且以元音音素开头，故填an。 2. 2024年江苏卷·单选 A sudden movement in the bushes ________ (catch) her eye, and she stopped to look carefully. A. caught B. catches C. is catching D. will catch 答案：A 解析：考查固定短语和时态。catch one’s eye表“引起某人注意”，结合“stopped”可知用一般过去时，故选A。 3. 2023年天津卷·翻译题 在陌生的城市旅行时，要留意周围的环境，确保自身安全。 答案：When traveling in a strange city, keep your eyes open for the surrounding environment to ensure your own safety. 解析：考查keep your eyes open for的搭配，表“留意周围环境”，贴合“旅行安全”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024北京模拟) The teacher told the students to keep their eyes open ________ any mistakes in the exam paper. ②(2025山东模拟) I kept an eye ________ my little sister while my parents were out. 5. 词汇替换③Pay attention to the road signs when you drive.（用keep your eyes open for改写）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④在森林里徒步时，留意野生动物的踪迹，不要靠近它们。（用keep your eyes open for） 答案与解析 4. ① for（keep one’s eyes open for为固定搭配，表“留意……”）② on（keep an eye on为固定搭配，表“照看……”） 5. ③ Keep your eyes open for the road signs when you drive.（keep your eyes open for与pay attention to同义，表“留意”） 6. ④ When hiking in the forest, keep your eyes open for signs of wild animals and don’t get close to them.（贴合“徒步安全”语境，用keep your eyes open for表“留意踪迹”） 11：if any（如果有的话） 高考真题 1. 2024年全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空 Please let me know if there are any changes, or if ________, we will start as planned. 答案：not 解析：考查省略结构。此处if not为if there are no changes的省略，表“如果没有变化”，故填not。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅱ卷·单选 Do you have any spare time this weekend? ________ any, let’s go to the cinema. A. If B. If not C. If so D. If ever 答案：C 解析：考查省略结构。if so为if you have spare time的省略，表“如果有（时间）的话”，结合“去看电影”可知选C。 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 如果有必要，你可以随时打电话给我，我会尽力帮你。 答案：If necessary, you can call me at any time and I will try my best to help you. 解析：考查if necessary的省略结构，表“如果有必要的话”，贴合“求助”的语境。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024天津模拟) Is there any milk left? If ________, I need to buy some on the way home. ②(2025江苏模拟) She rarely, if ________, eats fast food, as she thinks it’s unhealthy. 5. 完成句子③如果有可能的话，我希望明天能参加你的生日派对。（用if possible） ④试着找出这两个单词的区别，如果有的话，请写在笔记本上。（用if any） 答案与解析 4. ① not（if not为if there is no milk的省略，表“如果没有牛奶”） ② ever（if ever为if she ever eats的省略，表“如果曾经吃的话”） 5. ③ If possible, I hope to attend your birthday party tomorrow.（if possible表“如果有可能的话”） ④ Try to find out the differences between the two words, and if any, write them down in your notebook.（if any表“如果有的话”，指代differences） 12：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 高考真题 1. 2024年浙江卷·语法填空 With all the work ________ (finish), we went out to have a celebration dinner. 答案：finished 解析：考查with复合结构。work与finish为被动关系，需用过去分词作宾补，表“工作被完成”，故填finished。 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·单选 The teacher came into the classroom with a book ________ (hold) in his hand. A. holding B. held C. to hold D. hold 答案：B 解析：考查with复合结构。book与hold为被动关系，需用过去分词held作宾补，表“书被拿在手里”，故选B。 3. 2023年全国卷Ⅱ·翻译题 她站在窗前，看着外面飘落的雪花，陷入了沉思。 答案：She stood by the window with snowflakes falling outside, lost in thought. 解析：考查with+宾语+doing的结构，snowflakes与fall为主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，表“雪花飘落”。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式） ①(2024北京模拟) With a lot of homework ________ (do), he had to stay at home on weekends. ②(2025山东模拟) The park looks more beautiful with all the flowers ________ (bloom) in spring. 5. 语境辨析 ③With the problem ________ (solve/solving), everyone felt relaxed.（被动：问题被解决） ④With the guide ________ (lead/led) the way, we found the village easily.（主动：向导带路） 6. 完成句子⑤房间里灯火通明，孩子们正在里面安静地看书。（用with复合结构） 答案与解析 4. ① to do（with+宾语+to do表“有某事要做”，to do表将来）② blooming（flowers与bloom为主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，表“花正在开放”） 5. ③ solved（problem与solve为被动关系，用过去分词）④ leading（guide与lead为主动关系，用现在分词） 6. ⑤ With the lights on in the room, the children are reading quietly inside.（with+宾语+adj.结构，on为形容词，表“灯亮着”） 第二部分 核心语法精讲：过去分词作表语与状语 一、核心语法精讲 （一）过去分词作表语 维度 核心内容 例句与辨析 本质特征 位于系动词后（be/get/stay/seem/feel 等），表主语状态，具形容词属性 The door remained closed.（表状态，系表结构） 与被动语态区别 表语强调 “状态”，被动语态强调 “动作 + 施动者” 1 The window is broken.（表语：窗户是碎的） ② The window was broken by Tom.（被动：被汤姆打碎） 与现在分词区别 过去分词：表 “人感到…/ 事物自身状态”（-ed）现在分词：表 “令人… 的特性”（-ing） ① She felt astonished.（人感到惊讶）② The news is astonishing.（消息令人惊讶） 高频形容词化分词 excited/disappointed/occupied/involved/surrounded/closed（高考常客） 2024 新课标 I 卷：In cold weather, the structure stays closed...（答案：closed） （二）过去分词作状语 1. 核心逻辑：分词逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表 “被动 / 完成” 动作 2. 功能分类与转化： 状语类型 转化从句 例句（分词结构→从句） 时间 when/once 引导 Once published → Once it is published, the book sold well. 原因 because/as 引导 Absorbed in work → Because she was absorbed in work, she forgot dinner. 条件 if/unless 引导 Given more time → If we are given more time, we can finish it. 让步 though/although 引导 Beaten by failure → Though he was beaten by failure, he didn’t give up. 伴随 并列句 He came in, followed by a dog → He came in and was followed by a dog. 3. 高考必记注意事项： 0. 连词可叠加：When questioned（=When he was questioned）, he kept silent. 0. 形容词化分词作状语：Disappointed at the result, she left quietly.（表人的状态） 0. 与现在分词区别：被动用过去分词（Seen from above, the city is beautiful），主动用现在分词（Seeing from above, we felt excited）。 二、优化练习题（含真题改编） 基础巩固（10 题） 1. The audience sat quietly, ________ (move) by the actor’s performance. 1. ________ (dress) in traditional clothes, she looked like a ancient princess. 1. When ________ (ask) about his dream, the boy said he wanted to be a doctor. 1. The old man looked ________ (satisfy) with his son’s achievements. 1. ________ (lose) in the forest, the hiker had to call for help. 1. If ________ (give) enough support, the project will succeed. 1. The report ________ (release) yesterday attracted wide attention.（2024 改编） 1. She felt ________ (confuse) when facing too many choices. 1. ________ (occupy) with work, he has no time for hobbies.（2025 模拟） 1. The machine remains ________ (repair) because of lack of parts. 答案及解析： 1. 答案：moved​ 解析：逻辑主语为the audience（观众），与move（感动）是被动关系（观众被感动），过去分词作伴随状语，补充说明观众“安静坐着”时的状态。​ 2. 答案：Dressed​ 解析：dress为及物动词，常用搭配“be dressed in”（穿着……），此处省略be动词，用过去分词Dressed作状语，表主语she的状态（穿着传统服饰），注意句首首字母大写；“ancient”前需修正为“an”（原句语法小瑕疵）。​ 3. 答案：asked​ 解析：时间状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为“When he was asked about his dream”，逻辑主语the boy与ask（询问）是被动关系，省略“主语+be动词”后用过去分词asked。​ 4. 答案：satisfied​ 解析：satisfied是形容词化的过去分词，表主语the old man的状态（满意的）；固定搭配“be satisfied with”（对……满意），此处looked为系动词，后接表语。​ 5. 答案：Lost​ 解析：固定搭配“be lost in”（迷失在……），此处省略be动词，用过去分词Lost作原因状语，逻辑主语the hiker与lose（迷失）是被动关系（被迷失在森林中），句首首字母大写。​ 6. 答案：given​ 解析：条件状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为“If it is given enough support”，逻辑主语the project与give（给予）是被动关系，省略“主语+be动词”后用过去分词given。​ 7. 答案：released​ 解析：过去分词作后置定语，修饰the report（报告），report与release（发布）是被动关系（报告被发布），“released yesterday”明确报告的属性（昨天发布的），贴合2024年高考“过去分词作定语”高频考点。 8. 答案：confused​ 解析：confused是形容词化的过去分词，表主语she的状态（困惑的）；对应的-ing形式confusing表“令人困惑的”，此处主语是人，用confused，符合“过去分词修饰人、现在分词修饰物”的核心区别。​ 9. 答案：Occupied​ 解析：固定搭配“be occupied with”（忙于……），此处省略be动词，用过去分词Occupied作原因状语，逻辑主语he与occupy（占用）是被动关系（时间被工作占用），句首首字母大写，贴合2025年模拟题“过去分词作状语”考点。​ 10. 答案：unrepaired​ 解析：remain为系动词，后接表语；结合“lack of parts”（缺少零件）可知，机器“未被修理”，用过去分词unrepaired（未被修理的）表状态；若误填repaired（被修理的），则与语境矛盾。 真题衔接（5 题） 1. A six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built in 2019.（2024 新高考 II 卷） 1. The structure stays ________ (close) in cold weather to protect plants.（2024 新课标 I 卷） 1. ________ (expose) to sunlight for too long, the cloth faded.（2023 天津卷改编） 1. He found himself ________ (surround) by strangers in the crowd.（2023 浙江卷改编） 1. The candidate left ________ (disappoint) after failing the interview.（2024 名校模拟） 答案和解析 1. 答案：inspired 解析：2024年新高考II卷真题改编，过去分词作后置定语，修饰a six-meter-tall pavilion（一座六米高的亭子），pavilion与inspire（启发、灵感源自）是被动关系（亭子的设计灵感源自《牡丹亭》），核心考查“过去分词作定语表被动”。 2. 答案：closed 解析：2024年新课标I卷真题，closed是形容词化的过去分词，表主语the structure（结构）的状态（关闭的）；stay为系动词，后接表语，此处强调“寒冷天气下保持关闭状态以保护植物”，考查“过去分词作表语表状态”。 3. 答案：Exposed 解析：2023年天津卷改编，过去分词作原因状语，逻辑主语the cloth（布料）与expose（暴露）是被动关系（布料被暴露在阳光下），完整形式为“Because it was exposed to sunlight for too long”，省略“主语+be动词”后用Exposed，句首首字母大写。 4. 答案：surrounded 解析：2023年浙江卷改编，“find+宾语+宾补”结构，宾语himself与surround（包围）是被动关系（他被陌生人包围），用过去分词surrounded作宾补，符合高考“感官动词+宾语+过去分词”高频考点。 5. 答案：disappointed 解析：2024年名校模拟题，disappointed是形容词化的过去分词，表主语the candidate（候选人）的状态（失望的）；left此处为系动词，后接表语，对应“面试失败后失望离开”的语境，区分于disappointing（令人失望的，修饰物）。 三、高考真题精选 年份 / 卷别 题干节选 答案 考点解析 2024 新课标 I 卷 In cold weather, the structure stays ______ (close) to protect the plants. closed 过去分词作表语（表状态，形容词化） 2024 新高考 II 卷 A six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion... inspired 过去分词作定语（被动关系） 2023 天津 3 月卷 ______ (try) several adjustments... the engineer succeeded. Having tried 现在分词完成式（对比：被动用过去分词） 2023 浙江 1 月卷 She found herself ______ (surround) by seven dwarfs. surrounded 过去分词作宾补（被动关系） 2024 名校模拟 ______ (occupy) with research, he missed the meeting. Occupied 形容词化分词作原因状语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年人教必修第二册U4 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题） 第一部分 核心词汇词组 1. belong（vi. 应在某处；适应） 高考真题 1. 2024年浙江卷·语法填空 The old man’s ________ (belong) were found in a small box under the bed, including a letter from his daughter. 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·模拟题 The cultural relics ________ to the Tang Dynasty are now on display in the museum. A. belong B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong 3. 2023年天津卷·翻译题 这块土地自古以来就属于中国，这是不容置疑的事实。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2025江苏模拟) Many children living in orphanages lack a sense of ________ (belong), so volunteers often visit them. ②(2024山东模拟) The books on the shelf ________ (belong) to the school library, so you can’t take them home. 5. 完成句子 ③这个社区的居民都有强烈的归属感，因为大家经常一起参加活动。 Residents in this community all have a strong ________, because they often take part in activities together. ④他声称这块手表属于他，但实际上是他偷来的。 He claimed that the watch ________ him, but in fact he stole it. 6. 句式升级 ⑤The village that belongs to this town has developed a new tourism industry.（改为现在分词短语作定语） → The village ________ this town has developed a new tourism industry. 2.surround（vt. 围绕；包围） 高考真题 1. 2024年天津卷·语法填空 When we arrived at the mountain village, we were surprised to see it ________ (surround) by green forests and clear streams. 2. 2025年新高考Ⅱ卷·单选 The ________ (surround) area of the lake has been turned into a park, where people can walk and relax. A. surround B. surrounding C. surroundings D. surrounded 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 这座古城被城墙包围，城内保存着许多明清时期的建筑。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024江苏模拟) The hikers set up camp in the ________ (surround) of mountains, enjoying the fresh air. ②(2025山东模拟) With the city ________ (surround) by a river, it has become a popular tourist destination. 5. 小情境写作 ③从前，一座城堡坐落在山脚下，周围环绕着茂密的森林和清澈的湖泊。（用surround相关短语） 6. 词汇辨析 ④The ________ (surround/surroundings) of the school are quiet, which is good for study. ⑤The school is ________ (surround/surrounded) by tall trees, making it cool in summer. 3. charge（n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电） 高考真题 1. 2024年江苏卷·单选 The hotel ________ 200 yuan for a standard room per night, which is quite reasonable. A. charges B. costs C. takes D. spends 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空 The man who was ________ (charge) with stealing was finally proved innocent after further investigation. 3. 2023年全国卷Ⅱ·翻译题 这位医生负责这家医院的内科，并且从不向病人额外收费。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024天津模拟) The company provides free training for new employees, so there is no ________ (charge) for it. ②(2025浙江模拟) After the director left, Ms Li took ________ (charge) of the project and finished it on time. 5. 一句多译③这家餐厅对这道菜收费50元，而且不提供免费饮料。（用charge相关短语）→ ________________________________________________________________________________→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 语境辨析 ④The police ________ (charged/took charge of) him with drunk driving. ⑤Mr Wang ________ (charged/took charge of) the team when the coach was ill. 4：announce（vt. 宣布；通知；声称） 高考真题 1. 2025年浙江卷·语法填空 The school made an ________ (announce) that the sports meeting would be held next Friday. 2. 2024年北京卷·单选 It ________ (announce) that the new subway line will open to the public next month. A. is announced B. announces C. announced D. was announced 3. 2023年山东卷·翻译题 校长在会上向全体师生宣布了今年的招生计划。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024江苏模拟) The ________ (announce) of the winner will be made at the end of the concert. ②(2025天津模拟) The spokesman ________ (announce) to the media that the company would invest in new technology. 5. 高考情境写作 ③学校广播站通知，明天的英语演讲比赛将在礼堂举行，请参赛选手提前到场。（用announce相关表达） 6. 句型转换④The government announced that the tax policy would be adjusted.（改为It is announced that...结构）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5：amount（n. 金额；数量） 高考真题 1. 2024年全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空 A large amount of money ________ (donate) to the disaster area so far, helping people rebuild their homes. 2. 2025年新高考Ⅱ卷·单选 Large amounts of water ________ (waste) every day because of the leaky pipes. A. is wasted B. are wasted C. waste D. wastes 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 这个项目需要大量的时间和精力，所以我们必须做好充分准备。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024北京模拟) An increasing amount of attention ________ (pay) to environmental protection in recent years. ②(2025山东模拟) Large amounts of food ________ (send) to the poor areas last month. 5. 语境辨析 ③A large ________ (number/amount) of students have joined the English club.（修饰可数名词） ④A large ________ (number/amount) of rain has fallen in the past few days.（修饰不可数名词） 6. 完成句子⑤到目前为止，已经有大量资金投入到这个研发项目中。（用amount相关短语） 6：approach（n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近） 高考真题 1. 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空 The government has put forward a new approach ________ (solve) the problem of traffic congestion. 2. 2025年天津卷·单选 As the Spring Festival ________ (approach), more and more people start to prepare for family reunions. A. approaches B. is approaching C. approached D. will approach 3. 2023年江苏卷·翻译题 我们需要找到一种新方法来提高学习效率，而不是一味地延长学习时间。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024浙江模拟) The ________ (approach) of winter means that the temperature will drop sharply. ②(2025山东模拟) The scientist approached the problem by ________ (use) advanced technology. 5. 词汇复现③With the exam approaching, students are busy reviewing.（替换为at the approach of）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④他主动接近那位教授，询问关于考研的建议。（用approach sb） 7：eager（adj. 热切的；渴望的） 高考真题 1. 2025年江苏模拟·语法填空 The children are eager ________ (visit) the zoo this weekend, as they have never seen a real panda before. 2. 2024年天津卷·单选 Her ________ (eager) to learn new things made her one of the top students in the class. A. eager B. eagerness C. eagerly D. eagernesses 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 年轻人们热切地希望参与社区志愿服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024北京模拟) The students listened with ________ (eager) to the teacher’s introduction of the new course. ②(2025山东模拟) She is eager ________ knowledge and spends most of her free time reading. 5. 词汇替换③We are eager to know the result of the exam.（替换为anxious，保持同义）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④父母热切希望孩子能健康成长，所以会给予他们足够的关爱和支持。（用be eager that...） 8：break away (from sb/sth)（脱离；背叛；逃脱） 高考真题 1. 2024年全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空 The car ________ (break) down on the way to the airport, so we had to take a taxi. 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·单选 When the fire ________ (break) out, the firefighters arrived quickly and put it out in 10 minutes. A. broke B. breaks C. was breaking D. will break 3. 2023年江苏卷·翻译题 这个地区在1999年脱离了原国家，成为一个独立的共和国。 优化练习题 4. 短语填空（用break相关短语） ①(2024天津模拟) Thieves ________ (break) into the store last night and stole a lot of valuables. ②(2025浙江模拟) The meeting ________ (break) off for 10 minutes because of a power cut. 5. 语境辨析 ③The computer ________ (broke down/broke away) again, so I had to call a repairman.（出故障） ④The prisoner ________ (broke down/broke away) from the guards and ran away.（逃脱） 6. 完成句子⑤他们的友谊因一场误会破裂，再也没有恢复。（用break up） 9：as well as（同……一样也；和；还） 高考真题 1. 2024年新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空 The teacher as well as her students ________ (be) interested in the new science exhibition. 2. 2025年天津卷·单选 She enjoys reading ________ well as writing, and has published two novels. A. as B. so C. too D. also 3. 2023年山东卷·翻译题 他不仅擅长打篮球，还会弹钢琴，经常在学校文艺晚会上表演。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024江苏模拟) Tom as well as his parents ________ (visit) the Great Wall every year. ②(2025浙江模拟) As well as ________ (study) hard, she also takes part in various after-school activities. 5. 句型转换③He can speak English and he can also speak French.（用as well as改写）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④这家超市出售食品、日用品，还有电子产品，满足顾客的不同需求。（用as well as） 10：keep your eyes open (for)（留心；留意） 高考真题 1. 2025年浙江卷·语法填空 Keep ________ eye on the child when he plays near the pool, in case he falls in. 2. 2024年江苏卷·单选 A sudden movement in the bushes ________ (catch) her eye, and she stopped to look carefully. A. caught B. catches C. is catching D. will catch 3. 2023年天津卷·翻译题 在陌生的城市旅行时，要留意周围的环境，确保自身安全。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024北京模拟) The teacher told the students to keep their eyes open ________ any mistakes in the exam paper. ②(2025山东模拟) I kept an eye ________ my little sister while my parents were out. 5. 词汇替换③Pay attention to the road signs when you drive.（用keep your eyes open for改写）→ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 完成句子④在森林里徒步时，留意野生动物的踪迹，不要靠近它们。（用keep your eyes open for） 11：if any（如果有的话） 高考真题 1. 2024年全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空 Please let me know if there are any changes, or if ________, we will start as planned. 2. 2025年新高考Ⅱ卷·单选 Do you have any spare time this weekend? ________ any, let’s go to the cinema. A. If B. If not C. If so D. If ever 3. 2023年浙江卷·翻译题 如果有必要，你可以随时打电话给我，我会尽力帮你。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空 ①(2024天津模拟) Is there any milk left? If ________, I need to buy some on the way home. ②(2025江苏模拟) She rarely, if ________, eats fast food, as she thinks it’s unhealthy. 5. 完成句子③如果有可能的话，我希望明天能参加你的生日派对。（用if possible） ④试着找出这两个单词的区别，如果有的话，请写在笔记本上。（用if any） 12：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构 高考真题 1. 2024年浙江卷·语法填空 With all the work ________ (finish), we went out to have a celebration dinner. 2. 2025年新高考Ⅰ卷·单选 The teacher came into the classroom with a book ________ (hold) in his hand. A. holding B. held C. to hold D. hold 3. 2023年全国卷Ⅱ·翻译题 她站在窗前，看着外面飘落的雪花，陷入了沉思。 优化练习题 4. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式） ①(2024北京模拟) With a lot of homework ________ (do), he had to stay at home on weekends. ②(2025山东模拟) The park looks more beautiful with all the flowers ________ (bloom) in spring. 5. 语境辨析 ③With the problem ________ (solve/solving), everyone felt relaxed.（被动：问题被解决） ④With the guide ________ (lead/led) the way, we found the village easily.（主动：向导带路） 6. 完成句子⑤房间里灯火通明，孩子们正在里面安静地看书。（用with复合结构） 第二部分 核心语法精讲：过去分词作表语与状语 一、核心语法精讲 （一）过去分词作表语 维度 核心内容 例句与辨析 本质特征 位于系动词后（be/get/stay/seem/feel 等），表主语状态，具形容词属性 The door remained closed.（表状态，系表结构） 与被动语态区别 表语强调 “状态”，被动语态强调 “动作 + 施动者” 1 The window is broken.（表语：窗户是碎的） ② The window was broken by Tom.（被动：被汤姆打碎） 与现在分词区别 过去分词：表 “人感到…/ 事物自身状态”（-ed）现在分词：表 “令人… 的特性”（-ing） ① She felt astonished.（人感到惊讶）② The news is astonishing.（消息令人惊讶） 高频形容词化分词 excited/disappointed/occupied/involved/surrounded/closed（高考常客） 2024 新课标 I 卷：In cold weather, the structure stays closed...（答案：closed） （二）过去分词作状语 1. 核心逻辑：分词逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表 “被动 / 完成” 动作 2. 功能分类与转化： 状语类型 转化从句 例句（分词结构→从句） 时间 when/once 引导 Once published → Once it is published, the book sold well. 原因 because/as 引导 Absorbed in work → Because she was absorbed in work, she forgot dinner. 条件 if/unless 引导 Given more time → If we are given more time, we can finish it. 让步 though/although 引导 Beaten by failure → Though he was beaten by failure, he didn’t give up. 伴随 并列句 He came in, followed by a dog → He came in and was followed by a dog. 3. 高考必记注意事项： 0. 连词可叠加：When questioned（=When he was questioned）, he kept silent. 0. 形容词化分词作状语：Disappointed at the result, she left quietly.（表人的状态） 0. 与现在分词区别：被动用过去分词（Seen from above, the city is beautiful），主动用现在分词（Seeing from above, we felt excited）。 二、优化练习题（含真题改编） 基础巩固（10 题） 1. The audience sat quietly, ________ (move) by the actor’s performance. 1. ________ (dress) in traditional clothes, she looked like a ancient princess. 1. When ________ (ask) about his dream, the boy said he wanted to be a doctor. 1. The old man looked ________ (satisfy) with his son’s achievements. 1. ________ (lose) in the forest, the hiker had to call for help. 1. If ________ (give) enough support, the project will succeed. 1. The report ________ (release) yesterday attracted wide attention.（2024 改编） 1. She felt ________ (confuse) when facing too many choices. 1. ________ (occupy) with work, he has no time for hobbies.（2025 模拟） 1. The machine remains ________ (repair) because of lack of parts. 真题衔接（5 题） 1. A six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built in 2019.（2024 新高考 II 卷） 1. The structure stays ________ (close) in cold weather to protect plants.（2024 新课标 I 卷） 1. ________ (expose) to sunlight for too long, the cloth faded.（2023 天津卷改编） 1. He found himself ________ (surround) by strangers in the crowd.（2023 浙江卷改编） 1. The candidate left ________ (disappoint) after failing the interview.（2024 名校模拟） 三、高考真题精选 年份 / 卷别 题干节选 答案 考点解析 2024 新课标 I 卷 In cold weather, the structure stays ______ (close) to protect the plants. closed 过去分词作表语（表状态，形容词化） 2024 新高考 II 卷 A six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion... inspired 过去分词作定语（被动关系） 2023 天津 3 月卷 ______ (try) several adjustments... the engineer succeeded. Having tried 现在分词完成式（对比：被动用过去分词） 2023 浙江 1 月卷 She found herself ______ (surround) by seven dwarfs. surrounded 过去分词作宾补（被动关系） 2024 名校模拟 ______ (occupy) with research, he missed the meeting. Occupied 形容词化分词作原因状语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $