Unit1 Back to school单词变形(衍生词)以及固定搭配 知识清单-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第一册

2025-12-22
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语译林版必修第一册
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 118 KB
发布时间 2025-12-22
更新时间 2025-12-22
作者 开心宝贝Hai
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-12-22
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55565405.html
价格 1.50储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语单元复习讲义以“单词变形-固定搭配”双维度构建知识体系,通过表格梳理每个单词的词性转换(如名词、形容词、副词衍生),用思维导图串联固定搭配的语境用法,清晰呈现“potential”“challenge”等核心词的重难点及易混短语(如“lie in”与“lie on”)的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“情境化例句+词义辨析”设计,如用“acquire a good command of English”体现语言能力培养,对比“acquire”“get”“gain”差异提升思维品质。基础变形表助力薄弱生夯实基础,拓展辨析供优秀生深化理解,支持学生自主复习,也为教师精准分层教学提供实用工具。

内容正文:

新高考必修一U1单词变形(衍生词)以及固定搭配 1. potential 一、单词变形 名词 (n.):potential(潜力;可能性) 形容词 (adj.):potential(潜在的;可能的) 副词 (adv.):potentially(潜在地;可能地) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:have the potential to do sth 释义:有做某事的潜力 例句:He has the potential to solve this difficult problem.(他有潜力解决这个难题。) 2. 搭配:potential for (doing) sth 释义:(做)某事的潜力/可能性 例句:There is little potential for growth in this industry now.(目前这个行业几乎没有增长潜力。) 3. 搭配:potential + 名词(形容词用法) 释义:潜在的…… 例句:We need to identify potential risks in advance.(我们需要提前识别潜在风险。) 2. senior 一、单词变形 形容词 (adj.):senior(年长的;级别高的;高年级的) 名词 (n.):senior(较年长者;上级;高年级学生) (注:无常规副词变形,表达“高级地”需用“in a senior way”等短语,不单独构成副词) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:senior to sb 释义:比某人年长;比某人级别高 例句:She is senior to me by three years.(她比我大三岁。) 2. 搭配:senior + 名词(表身份/职位) 释义:……(身份/职位)的上级/资深者 例句:He works as a senior engineer in this company.(他在这家公司担任高级工程师。) 3. 搭配:senior high school 释义:高中(对应“junior high school 初中”) 例句:My cousin is studying in a senior high school in Wuxi.(我表妹在无锡的一所高中上学。) 4. 搭配:senior student 释义:(大学)大四学生;(高中)高三学生 例句:As a senior student, she is busy preparing for college applications.(作为一名大四学生,她正忙着准备大学申请。) 3. path 一、单词变形 名词 (n.):path(小路;路线;路径;人生道路,复数形式为 paths) (注:无常规形容词、副词变形,表达“有路径的”需用“path based”等合成词,不单独构成形容词/副词) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:take a path 释义:走一条路 例句:We took a narrow path through the forest.(我们沿着一条狭窄的小路穿过森林。) 2. 搭配:the path to sth 释义:通往……的道路/途径 例句:Hard work is the path to success.(努力是通往成功的道路。) 3. 搭配:cross sb's path 释义:与某人不期而遇;邂逅 例句:I crossed her path at the library yesterday.(我昨天在图书馆偶然遇到了她。) 4. 搭配:a path of sth 释义:……的轨迹/历程 例句:The company has followed a path of steady growth.(这家公司一直沿着稳步增长的轨迹发展。) 4. challenge 一、单词变形 动词 (v.):challenge(挑战;质疑;向……发出挑战,过去式/过去分词:challenged,现在分词:challenging) 名词 (n.):challenge(挑战;质疑;难题,复数形式:challenges) 形容词 (adj.):challenging(有挑战性的;考验能力的,由动词现在分词转化而来);challenged((在某方面)有困难的,如“mentally challenged 智力有障碍的”,较少用) (注:无常规副词变形,表达“有挑战性地”需用“in a challenging way”,不单独构成副词) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:challenge sb to (do) sth 释义:向某人挑战(做)某事 例句:He challenged me to a game of chess.(他向我挑战下一盘棋。) 2. 搭配:face a challenge 释义:面对挑战 例句:We need to be brave when facing a difficult challenge.(面对艰难挑战时,我们要勇敢。) 3. 搭配:take on a challenge 释义:接受挑战 例句:She decided to take on the challenge of learning English.(她决定接受学习英语的挑战。) 4. 搭配:a challenge to sth 释义:对某事的质疑/挑战 例句:His speech was a challenge to the government's policy.(他的演讲是对政府政策的一次质疑。) 5. thinking 一、单词变形 动词 (v.):think(思考;认为,现在分词形式为 thinking,过去式/过去分词:thought) 名词 (n.):thinking(思考;想法;见解,不可数名词) 形容词 (adj.):thinking(有思考能力的;深思熟虑的,如“a thinking person 善于思考的人”) (注:无常规副词变形,表达“思考地”需用“with thinking”等短语,不单独构成副词) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:be thinking of (doing) sth 释义:正在考虑(做)某事 例句:I'm thinking of buying a new laptop.(我正在考虑买一台新笔记本电脑。) 2. 搭配:critical thinking 释义:批判性思维(一种理性分析和评估的思考方式) 例句:Schools should focus on developing students' critical thinking.(学校应注重培养学生的批判性思维。) 3. 搭配:change one's thinking 释义:改变某人的想法/思路 例句:His experience abroad changed his thinking about life.(国外的经历改变了他对生活的看法。) 4. 搭配:put one's thinking cap on 释义:认真思考;绞尽脑汁(口语化表达) 例句:We need to put our thinking caps on to solve this problem.(我们得认真思考才能解决这个问题。) 6. positive 一、单词变形 形容词 (adj.):positive(积极的;正面的;肯定的;阳性的) 名词 (n.):positive(正面因素;肯定回答;阳性结果,复数形式:positives) 副词 (adv.):positively(积极地;肯定地;明确地) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:be positive about sth 释义:对某事持积极态度/有信心 例句:She is always positive about her future career.(她对自己未来的职业总是充满信心。) 2. 搭配:a positive attitude 释义:积极的态度 例句:Keeping a positive attitude helps you deal with difficulties better.(保持积极的态度能帮你更好地应对困难。) 3. 搭配:a positive response/answer 释义:肯定的回应/回答 例句:The manager gave a positive response to our proposal.(经理对我们的提案给出了肯定的回应。) 4. 搭配:test positive (for sth) 释义:(某检测)呈阳性(常指医疗检测) 例句:He tested positive for the virus and had to isolate.(他的病毒检测呈阳性,不得不进行隔离。) 5. 搭配:positive feedback 释义:正面反馈;积极评价 例句:The teacher's positive feedback encouraged the student to work harder.(老师的正面反馈激励学生更加努力。) 7. opportunity 一、单词变形 名词 (n.):opportunity(机会;时机,可作可数或不可数名词,复数形式:opportunities) (注:无常规动词、形容词、副词变形,表达“有机会的”需用“opportunistic”(表“机会主义的”,含贬义)或“with opportunity”等短语,日常不单独构成形容词/副词) 二、固定搭配 1. 搭配:an opportunity to do sth / of doing sth 释义:做某事的机会 例句:She finally got an opportunity to study abroad.(她终于获得了出国留学的机会。) 例句:There are few opportunities of practicing spoken English here.(这里练习英语口语的机会很少。) 2. 搭配:seize an opportunity / take an opportunity 释义:抓住机会 例句:You must seize the opportunity if you want to succeed.(如果你想成功,就必须抓住这个机会。) 3. 搭配:miss an opportunity 释义:错失机会 例句:He regretted missing the opportunity to work with that famous director.(他后悔错失了和那位著名导演合作的机会。) 4. 搭配:provide an opportunity (for sb) 释义:(为某人)提供机会 例句:This program provides an opportunity for young people to show their talents.(这个项目为年轻人提供了展示才华的机会。) 5. 搭配:a golden opportunity 释义:黄金机会;绝佳机会(强调机会的珍贵) 例句:Don't let this golden opportunity slip away.(别让这个黄金机会溜走。) 8. lie in 一、核心含义与词性 词性:动词短语(由“lie”+介词“in”构成,过去式:lay in,过去分词:lain in,现在分词:lying in) 核心含义:主要表示“在于;存在于”,强调事物的本质、原因或关键所在;也可表示“睡懒觉;卧床休息”(口语化用法)。 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 表示“在于;存在于”(最常用) 搭配:The key/secret/problem/advantage + lie in (sth/doing sth) 释义:关键/秘诀/问题/优势在于(某事/做某事) 例句1:The secret of his success lies in hard work and persistence.(他成功的秘诀在于努力和坚持。) 例句2:The problem lies in lacking effective communication.(问题在于缺乏有效的沟通。) 2. 表示“睡懒觉;卧床休息” 搭配:lie in (until + 时间) 释义:(一直)睡懒觉到(某个时间) 例句1:I usually lie in on weekends.(我周末通常会睡懒觉。) 例句2:She lay in until noon because she was tired.(因为累了,她一直睡到了中午。) 三、注意区分易混短语 需注意与“lie on”(位于;取决于)、“lie to”(位于……的另一侧,不接壤)区分,避免混淆: 例:Japan lies to the east of China.(日本位于中国的东面。)(强调不接壤,用“lie to”) 例:The decision lies on your own choice.(决定权取决于你的选择。)(用“lie on”表“取决于”) 9. rise to 一、核心含义与词性 词性:动词短语(由“rise”+介词“to”构成,过去式:rose to,过去分词:risen to,现在分词:rising to) 核心含义:主要表示“应对;克服(困难、挑战等)”;也可表示“达到(某种水平、数量或地位)”。 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 表示“应对;克服(困难、挑战)”(高频用法) 搭配:rise to + 名词(challenge/difficulty/problem/occasion 等) 释义:成功应对(挑战)、克服(困难)、适应(场合) 例句1:She always rises to the challenge when working under pressure.(她在压力下工作时,总能成功应对挑战。) 例句2:The team rose to the difficulty and completed the project on time.(团队克服了困难,按时完成了项目。) 例句3:He rose to the occasion and gave an excellent speech.(他适应了场合,发表了精彩的演讲。) 2. 表示“达到(水平、数量、地位)” 搭配:rise to + 名词(level/number/position/rank 等) 释义:上升到(水平)、达到(数量)、晋升到(职位) 例句1:The temperature has risen to 35 degrees today.(今天气温已经上升到了35度。) 例句2:His salary rose to 100,000 yuan a year after the promotion.(晋升后,他的年薪达到了10万元。) 例句3:She rose to the position of manager in just two years.(她仅用两年就晋升到了经理职位。) 三、注意用法细节 该短语为“动词+介词”结构,后面需直接接名词或代词,不可接动词原形;若接动作,需用“rise to doing sth”(较少见,多直接接名词)。 例:They rose to solving the technical problem.(他们成功解决了这个技术难题。)(此处“solving”为动名词,作介词“to”的宾语) 10. acquire 一、单词变形 动词 (v.):acquire(获得;习得;取得,过去式/过去分词:acquired,现在分词:acquiring,第三人称单数:acquires) 名词 (n.):acquisition(获得物;习得;收购,复数形式:acquisitions) 形容词 (adj.):acquisitive(渴望获得的;贪得的,含一定贬义) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:(通过学习、努力)习得(技能、语言等) 搭配:acquire + 名词(skill/language/knowledge/habit 等) 例句1:She acquired a good command of English through years of practice.(她通过多年练习,熟练掌握了英语。) 例句2:Children acquire basic social skills at an early age.(儿童在幼年时期习得基本的社交技能。) 2. 含义2:(通过购买、谈判等)获得(财产、公司、权利等) 搭配:acquire + 名词(property/company/right/asset 等) 例句1:The company acquired three small firms last year.(该公司去年收购了三家小公司。) 例句2:He acquired the land after signing a legal contract.(他签订法律合同后获得了这块土地。) 3. 含义3:(逐渐)获得(名声、声誉等) 搭配:acquire + 名词(reputation/fame 等) 例句:The writer acquired international fame with his first novel.(这位作家凭借第一部小说获得了国际声誉。) 三、用法辨析 需区分“acquire”与“get”“gain”的差异: acquire:强调通过持续努力、学习或正式途径(如收购、签约)获得,过程往往有一定难度或耗时,搭配更正式(如技能、公司、声誉)。 get:最通用,口语化,可指任何方式的“得到”,无特殊情感或过程强调(如 get a book/get a gift)。 gain:侧重通过努力、竞争获得想要的东西(如 gain success/gain experience),常与“利益、成果”相关。 11. effort 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:名词(n.),可作可数或不可数名词,复数形式:efforts 核心含义:主要表示“努力;尽力”,也可指“尝试;努力的成果”。 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:努力;尽力(不可数,强调付出的精力) 搭配1:make an effort / make efforts(努力做某事) 例句:She made a great effort to finish the report on time.(她付出巨大努力,按时完成了报告。) 搭配2:with effort(费力地) 例句:He climbed the mountain with great effort.(他费了很大劲才爬上那座山。) 搭配3:without effort(毫不费力地) 例句:She speaks French without effort.(她说法语毫不费力。) 2. 含义2:尝试;努力的行为(可数,强调具体的一次或多次尝试) 搭配:an effort to do sth(做某事的尝试/努力) 例句:All their efforts to save the old building failed.(他们拯救这座老建筑的所有努力都失败了。) 例句:It was an effort to get out of bed on the cold morning.(在寒冷的早晨起床是件费劲的事。) 3. 含义3:努力的成果(可数,较正式) 例句:The new park is a great effort by the local government.(这座新公园是当地政府努力的重要成果。) 三、用法注意 表示“为做某事而努力”时,常用“make an effort to do sth”,不可说“make an effort doing sth”。 错误:She made an effort finishing the work. 正确:She made an effort to finish the work. 当“effort”强调“整体精力付出”时不可数(如“hard work and effort”);强调“具体尝试或成果”时可数(如“several efforts”)。 12. advance 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:可作动词 (v.)、名词 (n.)、形容词 (adj.) 动词:过去式/过去分词 advanced,现在分词 advancing,第三人称单数 advances 名词:复数形式 advances 形容词:无变形,比较级 more advanced,最高级 most advanced 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 动词(v.):核心含义“前进;推进;提前;提出” 含义1:前进;推进(指空间或时间上的移动) 搭配:advance + 副词/介词短语(如 forward/on/toward) 例句1:The army advanced toward the city at dawn.(军队在黎明时向城市推进。) 例句2:Time advances quickly when you’re busy.(忙的时候时间过得很快。) 含义2:提前;提早(指时间安排) 搭配:advance + 时间(如 the date/deadline) 例句:We had to advance the meeting from Friday to Wednesday.(我们不得不把会议从周五提前到周三。) 含义3:提出(想法、建议等) 搭配:advance + 名词(如 an idea/a theory/a proposal) 例句:She advanced a new plan to solve the problem.(她提出了一个解决问题的新方案。) 2. 名词(n.):核心含义“进展;前进;预付款;提前” 含义1:进展;进步(尤指科技、知识等领域) 搭配:make advances in(在……方面取得进展) 例句:Great advances have been made in medical technology.(医疗技术取得了巨大进展。) 含义2:前进;推进(指行动或过程) 例句:The advance of the storm forced us to cancel the trip.(暴风雨的逼近迫使我们取消了旅行。) 含义3:预付款;预支(商业或财务场景) 搭配:an advance on(……的预付款) 例句:The company gave him an advance on his salary.(公司预支了一部分工资给他。) 3. 形容词(adj.):核心含义“预先的;先进的” 含义1:预先的;提前的(用于修饰计划、安排等) 搭配:advance + 名词(如 booking/ticket/notice) 例句:You need to make an advance booking for the concert.(这场音乐会需要提前预订。) 含义2:先进的;高级的(用于修饰技术、理念等) 搭配:advanced + 名词(如 technology/equipment/idea) 例句:This country has developed advanced renewable energy technology.(这个国家研发了先进的可再生能源技术。) 三、用法注意 作动词表示“提前”时,主语通常是“时间、计划、会议”等事物,而非人;人作主语时,常用“advance sth”(如 I advanced the meeting)。 作名词“进展”时,常用复数形式“advances”,且常与“make”搭配(make advances in)。 13. amazing 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:形容词(adj.),用于修饰人或事物,比较级 more amazing,最高级 most amazing 衍生词: 动词:amaze(使惊奇;使惊愕,过去式/过去分词:amazed,现在分词:amazing) 名词:amazement(惊奇;惊愕,不可数名词) 形容词(补充):amazed(感到惊奇的,主语通常是人,侧重“人自身的感受”;与“amazing”(侧重“事物令人惊奇”)形成区分) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义:令人惊奇的;令人惊叹的(侧重事物本身具有让人惊讶的特质) 搭配1:修饰名词(sb/sth),作定语 例句1:The view from the top of the mountain is amazing.(山顶的景色令人惊叹。) 例句2:She told us an amazing story about her trip to Africa.(她给我们讲了一个关于非洲之旅的精彩故事。) 搭配2:用于“be + amazing”结构,作表语 例句1:It’s amazing how quickly she learned to play the piano.(她学弹钢琴学得这么快,真是令人惊讶。) 例句2:The team’s performance in the final was amazing.(这支队伍在决赛中的表现令人惊叹。) 搭配3:修饰形容词/副词,用“absolutely/so/very + amazing”(加强语气) 例句:That movie was absolutely amazing—I want to watch it again.(那部电影太精彩了,我想再看一遍。) 三、用法注意 区分“amazing”与“amazed”: amazing:主语/修饰对象是“事物”,表“事物让人惊奇”,如 “The news is amazing”(这个消息令人惊奇)。 amazed:主语是“人”,表“人感到惊奇”,常用搭配“be amazed at/by sth”或“be amazed to do sth”,如 “I was amazed at his courage”(我对他的勇气感到惊讶)、“She was amazed to hear the result”(听到结果,她感到很惊讶)。 口语中常用“Amazing!”单独成句,表“太神奇了!”“太棒了!”,用于回应令人惊喜的事,如 “—I got first place in the competition! —Amazing!”(“我比赛拿了第一名!”“太棒了!”)。 14. confidence 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:名词(n.),不可数名词(表示“信心”时无复数;表示“秘密”时可加复数 confidences,较少见) 衍生词: 形容词:confident(自信的;有信心的) 副词:confidently(自信地;有把握地) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:信心;信任(最常用,指对自己或他人能力、可靠性的信念) 搭配1:have confidence in(对……有信心) 例句1:She has great confidence in her ability to solve the problem.(她对自己解决问题的能力很有信心。) 例句2:The team needs the public’s confidence in their new project.(这支团队需要公众对他们的新项目抱有信任。) 搭配2:gain/build confidence(树立/增强信心) 例句:Practicing speaking every day helped her gain confidence in English.(每天练习口语帮她增强了英语表达的信心。) 搭配3:lose confidence(失去信心) 例句:He lost confidence after failing the exam twice.(两次考试失利后,他失去了信心。) 搭配4:with confidence(自信地) 例句:She walked onto the stage with confidence.(她自信地走上了舞台。) 2. 含义2:秘密;私房话(正式且少见,指私下告知的隐私信息) 搭配:share confidences with(与……分享秘密) 例句:She only shares her confidences with her closest friend.(她只和最亲密的朋友分享自己的秘密。) 三、用法注意 表示“对某人/某事有信心”时,固定搭配是“have confidence in sb/sth”,不可说“have confidence to sb/sth”。 错误:I have confidence to my team. 正确:I have confidence in my team. 形容词“confident”的常用搭配是“be confident of (doing) sth”或“be confident that+从句”,如 “He is confident of winning the game”(他有把握赢得比赛)、“She is confident that she will pass”(她确信自己能通过)。 15. make a difference 一、短语属性与核心含义 词性:动词短语(通常作谓语,主语可为人或事物) 核心含义:有影响;起作用;产生差别(强调行为或事物能带来可见的、积极的改变,或让情况与之前不同) 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 基本搭配:make a difference (to sb/sth)(对某人/某事有影响) 例句1:Your support can make a big difference to the children in poor areas.(你的支持能给贫困地区的孩子带来很大影响。) 例句2:Does this new policy make any difference to our daily life?(这项新政策对我们的日常生活有影响吗?) 2. 强调“产生积极作用”:make a positive difference (to sth) 例句:Small acts of kindness every day can make a positive difference to the world.(每天小小的善举,都能给世界带来积极的改变。) 3. 否定表达:make no difference (to sb/sth)(对某人/某事没影响) 例句:Whether you come early or late makes no difference to the meeting result.(你来得早或晚,对会议结果都没影响。) 4. 口语中表“有意义”:主语为人时,强调“个人的行动有价值” 例句:She wants to work as a volunteer because she believes she can make a difference.(她想当志愿者,因为她相信自己能发挥作用。) 三、用法注意 短语中“difference”为可数名词,常用“a big/large/small/positive”等形容词修饰,表“影响的大小或性质”,不可省略“a”(除非是否定形式“make no difference”)。 错误:She tried to make difference. 正确:She tried to make a difference. 口语中可简化为“make all the difference”,表“起到关键作用;带来巨大改变”,如 “A cup of hot tea made all the difference when I felt cold.”(我冷的时候,一杯热茶起到了关键作用。) 16. make the most of 一、短语属性与核心含义 词性:动词短语(作谓语,主语通常为人,后接名词或代词作宾语) 核心含义:充分利用;尽情享受(强调最大限度地利用现有资源、机会或时间,挖掘其价值) 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 基本搭配:make the most of + sth(充分利用某物/某事) 例句1:We should make the most of every minute to prepare for the exam.(我们应该充分利用每一分钟准备考试。) 例句2:She made the most of her trip to Paris by visiting all the famous museums.(她通过参观所有著名博物馆,充分利用了巴黎之行。) 2. 搭配“opportunity/chance”(强调利用机会) 例句:Don’t miss this chance—make the most of it to show your abilities.(别错过这个机会,充分利用它来展示你的能力。) 3. 搭配“time”(强调利用时间) 例句:They made the most of their weekend by going hiking with friends.(他们和朋友去徒步,尽情享受了周末时光。) 4. 口语中简化语境(省略具体宾语,需结合上下文) 例句:The weather is great today—let’s go out and make the most of it!(今天天气真好,咱们出去好好享受吧!)(此处“it”指代“the great weather”) 三、用法注意 同义短语辨析:与“make full use of”“take full advantage of”含义相近,但“make the most of”更口语化,日常使用频率更高;“make full use of”更侧重“功能性利用”,“take full advantage of”可能隐含“利用优势获利”的轻微倾向(如 “take advantage of the discount”,利用折扣)。 例:She made full use of the library resources.(她充分利用了图书馆资源。)(侧重功能性) 例:We made the most of the sunny day.(我们充分享受了晴朗的一天。)(侧重体验) 短语中“the most”不可替换为“most”,固定搭配为“make the most of”,不可说“make most of”。 错误:He tried to make most of his skills. 正确:He tried to make the most of his skills. 17. resource 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:主要作名词(n.),可作可数或不可数名词;偶尔作动词(v.,表示“向……提供资源”,较少见) 常见复数形式:resources(表示“资源”“财力”时常用复数;表示“智谋”时单复数均可) 衍生词: 形容词:resourceful(足智多谋的;善于利用资源的) 副词:resourcefully(足智多谋地;善于利用资源地) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:资源(指自然、人力、物力等可利用的东西,最常用,多为复数) 搭配1:natural resources(自然资源) 例句:We must protect natural resources like water and oil for future generations.(我们必须为后代保护水、石油等自然资源。) 搭配2:human resources(人力资源) 例句:The company’s human resources department is responsible for hiring new employees.(公司的人力资源部门负责招聘新员工。) 搭配3:financial resources(财力;资金) 例句:Lack of financial resources made it hard for the small business to survive.(缺乏资金使这家小企业难以生存。) 2. 含义2:智谋;应变能力(不可数或单数,指解决问题的能力) 搭配:use one’s resource(运用某人的智谋)/ have great resource(很有智谋) 例句:She showed amazing resource when she fixed the machine with no tools.(她在没有工具的情况下修好机器,展现出惊人的应变能力。) 3. 含义3:资料;信息来源(可数名词,指学习、工作中可用的参考材料) 搭配:learning resources(学习资料)/ online resources(在线资源) 例句:The teacher provided us with useful online resources for the project.(老师为我们的项目提供了有用的在线资料。) 三、用法注 表示“资源”时,“resource”多为复数“resources”,单数“resource”较少见(仅侧重“单一资源”时用单数,如 “a key resource”,一项关键资源)。 错误:We need to save more resource. 正确:We need to save more resources. 形容词“resourceful”修饰人,强调“善于利用现有条件解决问题”,如 “He is very resourceful and can handle any emergency.”(他很足智多谋,能应对任何紧急情况。) 18. take advantage of 一、短语属性与核心含义 词性:动词短语(作谓语,主语通常为人或组织,后接名词/代词作宾语,可用于主动语态) 核心含义:有两层常用义,需根据语境区分: 1. 充分利用(机会、优势等,中性/积极义,最常用); 2. 利用(他人的善良、信任等占便宜,含消极义,需注意语境)。 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 表“充分利用”(积极/中性义,搭配“机会、优势、条件”等) 搭配1:take advantage of + opportunity/chance(利用机会) 例句:She took advantage of the internship opportunity to learn practical skills.(她充分利用实习机会学习实用技能。) 搭配2:take advantage of + advantage/strength(利用优势) 例句:The team took advantage of their speed to win the game.(这支队伍利用速度优势赢得了比赛。) 搭配3:take advantage of + sth(利用某种条件/资源) 例句:We can take advantage of the free Wi Fi in the café to finish the report.(我们可以利用咖啡馆的免费无线网络完成报告。) 2. 表“占便宜、利用(他人)”(消极义,搭配“人、信任、善良”等) 搭配:take advantage of + sb’s kindness/trust(利用某人的善良/信任) 例句:He took advantage of her kindness to borrow money and never paid it back.(他利用她的善良借钱,却从未归还。) 例句:Don’t take advantage of the boss’s trust to skip work.(别利用老板的信任翘班。) 三、用法注意 短语为固定搭配,“advantage”前必须加定冠词“the”,不可说“take advantage of”(无“the”)或“take an advantage of”。 错误:She took an advantage of the discount. 正确:She took the advantage of the discount. 与同义短语“make the most of”“make full use of”的区别: “take advantage of”可表积极“利用”或消极“占便宜”,而“make the most of”“make full use of”仅表积极“充分利用”,无消极义; 表积极义时,“take advantage of”更侧重“借助外部优势/机会”,如 “take advantage of the low price”(利用低价),而“make the most of”更侧重“挖掘自身/现有事物的价值”,如 “make the most of your time”(充分利用你的时间)。 19. facility 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:主要作名词(n.),可作可数或不可数名词 常见复数形式:facilities(表示“设施”“场所”时常用复数;表示“能力”时多为不可数) 衍生词: 形容词:facilitative(起促进作用的) 动词:facilitate(促进;使便利) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:设施;设备(指为特定目的建造/提供的硬件或场所,最常用,多为复数) 搭配1:public facilities(公共设施) 例句:The city has invested a lot in improving public facilities like parks and libraries.(该市投入大量资金改善公园、图书馆等公共设施。) 搭配2:sports facilities(体育设施) 例句:This gym has excellent sports facilities, including a swimming pool and tennis courts.(这家健身房有完善的体育设施,包括游泳池和网球场。) 搭配3:medical facilities(医疗设施) 例句:Remote areas often lack basic medical facilities.(偏远地区通常缺乏基本医疗设施。) 2. 含义2:场所;机构(指提供特定服务的建筑或场地,可数) 搭配:training facility(培训场所)/ manufacturing facility(生产工厂) 例句:The company opened a new training facility in the northern district.(该公司在北区开设了一处新的培训场所。) 3. 含义3:能力;技能(尤指做某事的天赋或熟练程度,不可数,较正式) 搭配:facility with sth(运用某物的能力)/ facility in doing sth(做某事的技能) 例句:She has a remarkable facility with languages—she speaks five fluently.(她有出色的语言能力,能流利地说五种语言。) 三、用法注意 表示“设施”时,“facility”几乎都用复数“facilities”,单数“facility”仅在特指“单一设施”时使用(如 “a key facility”,一处关键设施),日常表达中极少用单数。 错误:The hotel has a lot of modern facility. 正确:The hotel has a lot of modern facilities. 注意与“equipment”的区别:“facilities”侧重“固定的场所或大型设施”(如建筑、场地),“equipment”侧重“可移动的工具、器械”(如机器、仪器),且“equipment”为不可数名词,无复数。例如:“office facilities”(办公场所设施,如办公楼、会议室)和“office equipment”(办公设备,如电脑、打印机)。 20. equal 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:可作形容词(adj.)、名词(n.)和动词(v.),其中形容词用法最频繁 常见变形: 动词第三人称单数:equals 动词过去式/过去分词:equalled(英式拼写)/ equaled(美式拼写) 形容词比较级/最高级:无(本身含“同等”含义,不可用于比较) 衍生词: 名词:equality(平等)、equivalence(等同;等值) 副词:equally(平等地;同样地) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 作形容词(adj.):平等的;相等的;胜任的 含义1:(数量、大小、价值等)相等的,相同的 搭配:be equal to sth(与……相等) 例句:One hour is equal to 60 minutes.(一小时等于60分钟。) 含义2:(地位、权利等)平等的,同等的 搭配:equal rights(平等权利)、equal treatment(平等对待) 例句:Everyone should have equal access to education.(每个人都应享有平等的受教育机会。) 含义3:能胜任的,足以应对的(后接名词或动名词) 搭配:be equal to (doing) sth(能胜任/应对……) 例句:She proved she was equal to the challenge of leading the team.(她证明自己能胜任带领团队的挑战。) 2. 作名词(n.):同等的人;相等物 搭配:be sb’s equal(是某人的同等水平/对手)、the equal of sth(与……相当的事物) 例句:He has no equal in math in his class.(他在班里的数学水平无人能及。) 例句:This new material is the equal of traditional wood in durability.(这种新材料在耐用性上和传统木材相当。) 3. 作动词(v.):等于;与……相等;比得上 搭配:equal sth(等于某物)、equal sb in sth(在某方面比得上某人) 例句:Four plus six equals ten.(4加6等于10。) 例句:No other athlete can equal her in speed.(没有其他运动员在速度上能比得上她。) 三、用法注意 作形容词表示“胜任”时,“equal”后接“to”,不可接“for”或“in”,如“be equal to the job”(能胜任这份工作)是正确表达,“be equal for the job”为错误。 作动词时,主语通常是数字、事物或人,宾语为比较的对象,且无被动语态,如“The cost equals $500”(成本等于500美元),不可说“The cost is equaled to $500”。 区分“equal”与“equivalent”:“equal”侧重“数量、大小、地位等完全相同”,如“equal pay”(同工同酬);“equivalent”侧重“功能、价值等相当(但形式不同)”,如“a dollar equivalent to 7 yuan”(1美元折合7元人民币)。 21. attitude 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:主要作名词(n.),为可数名词 常见复数形式:attitudes 衍生词: 形容词:attitudinal(态度上的,与态度相关的) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:态度;看法(对人、事、观点的主观倾向,最常用) 搭配1:attitude to/towards sb/sth(对……的态度) 例句:Her attitude towards teamwork has improved a lot recently.(她最近对团队合作的态度改善了很多。) 搭配2:positive/negative attitude(积极/消极态度) 例句:A positive attitude can help you overcome difficulties more easily.(积极的态度能帮你更轻松地克服困难。) 搭配3:change one’s attitude(改变态度) 例句:He finally changed his attitude after we had a long talk.(经过长时间的谈话,他最终改变了态度。) 2. 含义2:姿态;姿势(指身体呈现的状态,较正式) 搭配:body attitude(身体姿态)、relaxed attitude(放松的姿势) 例句:The teacher reminded the students to keep a correct sitting attitude.(老师提醒学生保持正确的坐姿。) 3. 含义3:(艺术、音乐等的)风格;基调(指作品传递的整体氛围) 搭配:the attitude of a painting(一幅画的基调) 例句:This song has a cheerful attitude that makes people happy.(这首歌有着欢快的基调,能让人开心。) 三、用法注意 表示“对……的态度”时,介词用“to”或“towards”均可,无明显区别,如“attitude to life”和“attitude towards life”(对生活的态度)都正确。 注意“attitude”与“opinion”的区别:“attitude”侧重“长期形成的、带情感倾向的态度”,如“a friendly attitude”(友好的态度);“opinion”侧重“对某件事的具体看法或观点”,如“my opinion on this plan”(我对这个计划的看法)。 22. goal 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:主要作名词(n.),为可数名词 常见复数形式:goals 衍生词: 动词:goal(非正式,指“射门得分”,尤用于体育场景) 形容词:goal oriented(以目标为导向的) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:目标;目的(指个人或团体想要实现的结果,最常用) 搭配1:set a goal(设定目标) 例句:She set a goal to learn English well within a year.(她设定了一年内学好英语的目标。) 搭配2:achieve/reach a goal(实现/达成目标) 例句:With hard work, he finally achieved his career goal.(通过努力,他最终实现了自己的职业目标。) 搭配3:long term/short term goal(长期/短期目标) 例句:Saving enough money for a house is his long term goal.(攒够钱买房是他的长期目标。) 2. 含义2:(足球、 hockey 等的)球门;进球得分(体育领域专用) 搭配1:score a goal(进球得分) 例句:The player scored a wonderful goal in the last minute of the match.(这名球员在比赛最后一分钟踢进了一个精彩的进球。) 搭配2:kick the ball into the goal(把球踢进球门) 例句:He kicked the ball hard and it flew straight into the goal.(他用力踢球,球径直飞进了球门。) 3. 含义3:(努力的)方向;目的地(较抽象,指行动的核心指向) 搭配:move towards a goal(朝着目标前进) 例句:All team members are moving towards the same goal of improving product quality.(所有团队成员都朝着提升产品质量这一共同方向努力。) 三、用法注意 表示“为实现目标”时,常用“for the goal of doing sth”或“with the goal of doing sth”,如“she works hard with the goal of getting a promotion”(她努力工作,目标是获得晋升),不可说“for the goal to do sth”。 区分“goal”与“aim”:“goal”侧重“更具体、可衡量的长期或短期目标”,如“financial goals”(财务目标);“aim”侧重“较抽象的、想要达成的意图”,如“the aim of the meeting”(会议的目的),日常使用中二者可互换,但“goal”更强调“需努力实现的结果”。 23. balance 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:可作名词(n.)、动词(v.),两种词性用法均频繁 常见变形: 动词第三人称单数:balances 动词过去式/过去分词:balanced 动词现在分词:balancing 衍生词: 形容词:balanced(平衡的;均衡的) 名词:balance sheet(资产负债表,商业术语)、balancer(平衡器) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 作名词(n.) 含义1:平衡;均衡(指物体稳定状态或事物各部分的协调) 搭配1:keep/maintain balance(保持平衡) 例句:She practices yoga every day to improve her balance.(她每天练瑜伽以提升平衡能力。) 搭配2:work life balance(工作与生活的平衡) 例句:Many people struggle to achieve a good work life balance.(很多人难以实现良好的工作与生活平衡。) 搭配3:the balance of sth(某物的平衡状态) 例句:The balance of nature is easily destroyed by human activities.(自然平衡很容易被人类活动破坏。) 含义2:余额;结余(指账户、账单中剩余的钱) 搭配1:bank balance(银行存款余额) 例句:His bank balance is enough to cover the rent for three months.(他的银行存款余额足够支付三个月的房租。) 搭配2:the balance of the bill(账单余额) 例句:Please pay the balance of the bill by the end of this month.(请在本月底前付清账单余额。) 含义3:天平;秤(用于称重的工具,较正式) 搭配:a balance scale(天平秤) 例句:The chemist used a balance to measure the powder.(药剂师用天平称量粉末。) 2. 作动词(v.) 含义1:使平衡;使均衡(让物体或事物各部分稳定协调) 搭配1:balance A and B(平衡A和B) 例句:It’s important to balance work and leisure.(平衡工作与休闲很重要。) 搭配2:balance sth on sth(把某物放在某物上保持平衡) 例句:He balanced the book on his head and walked slowly.(他把书放在头上保持平衡,慢慢走着。) 含义2:结算;抵消(指财务上结清款项或抵消收支) 搭配1:balance the books(结算账目,商业用语) 例句:The accountant spends two days each month balancing the books.(会计每月花两天时间结算账目。) 搭配2:balance sth against sth(权衡某事与某事) 例句:You need to balance the benefits against the risks before making a decision.(做决定前,你需要权衡利弊。) 三、用法注意 作名词表示“余额”时,常用“the balance”(特指某笔剩余款项),如“Could you tell me the balance of my account?”(能告知我账户余额吗?),不可省略“the”。 区分“balance”与“equilibrium”:“balance”侧重“日常场景中的平衡(如身体、收支、生活)”,较口语化;“equilibrium”侧重“科学、物理领域的‘平衡状态’(如化学平衡、受力平衡)”,较正式,如“the equilibrium of the ecosystem”(生态系统的平衡)。 24. improve 一、单词变形与基本属性 词性:主要作动词(v.),分为及物动词(可直接接宾语)和不及物动词(不接宾语) 常见变形: 第三人称单数:improves 过去式/过去分词:improved 现在分词:improving 衍生词: 名词:improvement(改善;改进) 形容词:improved(改进的;改善的) 二、核心含义与常用搭配 1. 含义1:改善;改进(使事物、能力、状况等变得更好,可作及物/不及物动词) 作及物动词(接宾语) 搭配1:improve + 名词(事物/能力/状况) 例句:She takes a course to improve her English (能力).(她报了班来提高英语水平。) 例句:The company is trying to improve its service quality (事物).(公司正努力提升服务质量。) 搭配2:improve + that/wh 从句(改善某情况) 例句:We need to find ways to improve that everyone gets equal opportunities (情况).(我们需要想办法改善人人都能获得平等机会的现状。) 作不及物动词(不接宾语,强调“自身变得更好”) 搭配:improve + 副词(如quickly, gradually) 例句:His health has improved gradually since he started exercising.(自从开始锻炼,他的健康状况逐渐好转。) 例句:The situation is improving slowly with everyone’s efforts.(在大家的努力下,情况正慢慢改善。) 2. 含义2:提高(分数、水平等具体指标,仅作及物动词) 搭配:improve + 具体数值/指标(如score, level, standard) 例句:He studied day and night to improve his exam score by 20 points.(他日夜学习,把考试分数提高了20分。) 例句:This method can improve the safety standard of the factory.(这种方法能提高工厂的安全标准。) 三、用法注意 表示“在某方面改善”时,需用介词“in”,不可用“on”或“at”,如“improve in math”(数学方面有进步),而非“improve on math”。 区分“improve”与“enhance”:“improve”侧重“解决问题、弥补不足,使事物从‘差/一般’变‘好’”,如“improve poor eyesight”(改善差视力);“enhance”侧重“在原有基础上‘加强、提升优势’”,如“enhance the beauty of a room”(提升房间的美感)。 25. last but not least 一、短语属性与核心含义 词性:固定插入语(常用于列举观点、事物或人物的结尾,不充当句子主干成分,仅起逻辑衔接作用) 核心含义:最后但同样重要的是(用于强调列举的最后一项内容虽在顺序上靠后,但价值、重要性不低于前面的内容,避免给人“收尾内容不重要”的感觉) 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 用于列举观点(议论文、演讲、建议场景) 搭配:先列举2 3个观点,最后用“last but not least + 观点”收尾 例句1:To keep healthy, we should exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and last but not least, get enough sleep.(要保持健康,我们应该规律运动、均衡饮食,最后但同样重要的是,保证充足睡眠。) 例句2:When planning a trip, you need to book tickets in advance, pack necessary items, and last but not least, check the weather forecast.(规划旅行时,你需要提前订票、收拾必备物品,最后但同样重要的是,查看天气预报。) 2. 用于介绍人物(会议、活动、团队介绍场景) 搭配:先介绍多位人物,最后用“last but not least + 人物及相关信息” 例句:Today we have three guests: first, our project manager; second, the design director; and last but not least, our new team member from Beijing.(今天我们有三位嘉宾:首先是项目经理,其次是设计总监,最后但同样重要的是,来自北京的新团队成员。) 三、用法注意 位置固定:仅用于列举的“最后一项”前,不可用于中间或开头,如不能说“First, we need to study hard; last but not least, we should take breaks; second, we need to ask questions.”(顺序错误)。 语气功能:核心作用是“强调最后一项的重要性”,若最后一项无需强调,直接用“finally”或“lastly”即可(如 “Finally, let’s summarize the main points.”,最后我们总结一下要点),无需使用“last but not least”。 标点规范:短语后通常用逗号隔开,再接具体内容,如 “Last but not least, we must protect the environment.”(正确),不可遗漏逗号。 26.well rounded 一、单词属性与核心含义 词性:主要作形容词(adj.),用于修饰人或事物。 核心含义: 形容人时:全面发展的;多才多艺的(指某人在知识、技能、能力等多个方面都有涉猎和提升,无明显短板)。 形容事物时:全面的;完善的(指某事物涵盖多个方面,内容或结构完整,不片面)。 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 修饰人(常见于描述个人能力、素养场景) 搭配1:well rounded + 名词(person, student, individual等) 例句1:She’s a well rounded student—she excels in academics, plays the piano, and is good at sports.(她是个全面发展的学生,学业优秀、会弹钢琴,还擅长运动。) 例句2:Employers prefer well rounded individuals who have both professional skills and communication abilities.(雇主更青睐兼具专业技能和沟通能力的全面型人才。) 搭配2:be well rounded in + 领域(表示“在某领域知识/技能全面”) 例句:He is well rounded in the arts, knowing a lot about painting, music, and drama.(他在艺术领域知识全面,对绘画、音乐和戏剧都很了解。) 2. 修饰事物(常见于描述教育、计划、内容等场景) 搭配:well rounded + 名词(education, program, curriculum, experience等) 例句1:This school provides a well rounded education that combines textbooks with practical activities.(这所学校提供全面的教育,将课本知识与实践活动相结合。) 例句2:We need a well rounded marketing plan that covers online ads, offline events, and customer feedback.(我们需要一个全面的营销计划,涵盖线上广告、线下活动和客户反馈。) 三、用法注意 区分“well rounded”与“all round”:两者含义相近,都可表示“全面的”,但“well rounded”更侧重“经过培养或规划后达到的均衡、完善状态”(如well rounded education),“all round”更侧重“具备多种能力或适用于多种情况”(如all round player,全能选手),日常使用中可互换,但“well rounded”在书面语中更常用。 拼写注意:“well rounded”为合成形容词,中间需加连字符“ ”,不可写作“well rounded”或“wellrounded”。 27.individual 一、单词属性与核心含义 词性:可作名词(n.)和形容词(adj.),含义随词性不同有明显区分。 核心含义: 作名词时:个人;个体(指单独的人,区别于群体、团队或组织)。 作形容词时:个人的;个体的(强调属于或针对单个的人/事物,而非集体);独特的(指人或事物具有与众不同的特点)。 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 作名词(n.):表示“个人、个体” 搭配1:形容词 + individual(描述个人的属性) 例句1:Every individual has the right to express their opinions.(每个个人都有表达观点的权利。) 例句2:The policy is designed to protect the interests of vulnerable individuals, such as the elderly and children.(该政策旨在保护弱势群体的利益,如老人和儿童。) 搭配2:individual + 介词(of/within,表示“……中的个体”) 例句:Each individual within the team has a specific role to play.(团队中的每个个体都有特定的角色要承担。) 2. 作形容词(adj.):表示“个人的”或“独特的” 含义1:个人的(对应“集体的”“公共的”) 搭配:individual + 名词(rights, needs, choice, opinion等) 例句1:The company offers individual training plans for each employee.(公司为每位员工提供个性化的培训计划。) 例句2:We should respect everyone’s individual choices.(我们应当尊重每个人的个人选择。) 含义2:独特的(对应“普通的”“普遍的”) 搭配:individual + 名词(style, character, taste等) 例句:She has a very individual sense of fashion—no one dresses like her.(她的时尚感非常独特,没人和她穿得一样。) 三、用法注意 区分“individual”与“person”:“individual”更强调“作为独立个体的属性”,书面语和正式语境中常用(如法律、政策、学术场景);“person”是日常口语中表示“人”的通用词,无特殊强调意味,如“a person on the street”(街上的一个人),不可替换为“an individual on the street”(语境不匹配)。 作形容词时,“individual”无比较级和最高级,不可说“more individual”或“most individual”,若需表达“更独特”,可用“more unique”。 28.character 一、单词属性与核心含义 词性:主要作名词(n.),含义丰富,需根据语境区分;偶尔可作动词(v.,表示“刻画性格”,日常使用较少)。 核心含义(按使用频率排序): 1. 性格;品性(指人稳定的心理特征、道德品质,如诚实、乐观等)。 2. 角色;人物(指小说、电影、戏剧中虚构的人,或现实中具有某种特点的“人物”)。 3. 文字;字符(指书写的文字符号,如汉字、英文字母、数字等)。 二、常用搭配与例句 1. 含义1:性格;品性(描述人的内在特质) 搭配1:形容词 + character(描述性格类型) 例句1:She has a kind and honest character—everyone trusts her.(她性格善良诚实,所有人都信任她。) 例句2:A person with a strong character doesn’t easily give up when facing difficulties.(性格坚强的人在面对困难时不会轻易放弃。) 搭配2:动词 + character(描述性格相关动作) 例句:Hardships in life can build a person’s character.(生活中的磨难能锤炼人的品性。) 2. 含义2:角色;人物(影视、文学或现实场景) 搭配1:名词 + character(限定角色所属领域) 例句1:He played the main character in that popular movie.(他在那部热门电影中饰演主角。) 例句2:The novel has many interesting characters with different backgrounds.(这本小说有很多背景各异的有趣人物。) 搭配2:character + 介词(in/of,表示“……中的角色”或“……的人物特质”) 例句:The character in the story is based on a real historical figure.(故事中的角色以真实历史人物为原型。) 3. 含义3:文字;字符(语言、计算机场景) 搭配:character + 名词(表示字符类型) 例句1:This document uses special characters that may not display correctly on old computers.(这份文档包含特殊字符,在旧电脑上可能无法正常显示。) 例句2:Children learn to write basic Chinese characters when they start primary school.(孩子们上小学时开始学习书写基本汉字。) 三、用法注意 区分“character”与“personality”:两者都可表示“性格”,但“character”更侧重“道德品性、内在本质”(如诚实、勇敢),“personality”更侧重“外在表现的个性、气质”(如开朗、幽默),如“He has a good character”(他品性好) vs “She has an outgoing personality”(她性格外向)。 作“角色”讲时,“character”无复数形式变化(单复数同形),如“one character”(一个角色)、“two character”(两个角色)均正确;作“文字”讲时,复数为“characters”(如“500 characters”,500个字符)。 29.responsible 一、单词变形与衍生词 词性:主要作形容词(adj.);偶尔作名词(n.,表“负责人”,非正式) 核心衍生词: 名词:responsibility(责任;职责)、irresponsibility(不负责任) 形容词(否定式):irresponsible(不负责任的) 副词:responsibly(负责任地)、irresponsibly(不负责任地) 二、单词本身(responsible)常用搭配与例句 1. 表“有责任的;负责的” 搭配1:be responsible for sth(负责某事) 例句:She is responsible for managing the company’s daily operations. 搭配2:be responsible to sb(对某人负责) 例句:The manager is responsible to the company’s board of directors. 2. 表“可靠的;有责任心的” 搭配:a responsible + 名词(person/employee/student等) 例句:He is a responsible employee who never misses deadlines. 3. 表“(对不良后果)应承担责任的” 搭配:be responsible for + 不良事件 例句:The factory was found responsible for the river pollution. 30.ahead 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作副词(adv.);偶尔作形容词(adj.,仅用于名词前,表“前面的”) 2. 核心衍生词:无常见衍生词,主要通过搭配构成短语表达不同含义 二、单词本身(ahead)常用搭配与例句 1. 表“在前面;向前”(空间或方向) 搭配1:go/walk/drive ahead(往前走/往前开) 例句:You can go ahead—I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. 搭配2:ahead of sb/sth(在某人/某物前面) 例句:The red car is ahead of all the other vehicles on the highway. 2. 表“提前;预先”(时间) 搭配1:plan ahead(提前计划) 例句:It’s wise to plan ahead for unexpected expenses. 搭配2:ahead of time/schedule(提前) 例句:We finished the project two days ahead of schedule. 3. 表“(在进展、成就上)领先” 搭配:ahead in sth(在某方面领先) 例句:Our team is still ahead in the competition. 4. 作形容词(表“前面的”,仅修饰名词) 搭配:the ahead + 名词(如journey/weeks等) 例句:We need to prepare for the ahead journey. 31.junior 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作形容词(adj.)、名词(n.),无动词等其他词性变形 2. 核心衍生词:无常见衍生词,主要通过搭配区分不同含义 二、单词本身(junior)常用搭配与例句 1. 作形容词(表“较年幼的;地位较低的;资历较浅的”) 搭配1:junior + 名词(如sister/employee/student等,表“年纪较小的;职位较低的”) 例句:Her junior sister is still in primary school. 搭配2:junior to sb(比某人年轻;比某人资历浅) 例句:He is three years junior to his colleague. 搭配3:junior + 表示阶段的名词(如high school/college等,表“(教育阶段)初级的”) 例句:She is a junior high school student in Beijing. 2. 作名词(表“年少者;职位较低者;(美国中学或大学的)三年级学生”) 搭配1:a junior(表“年少者;资历浅的人”,可加定语修饰) 例句:The company hired several juniors to assist the senior team. 搭配2:junior + in + 学校/机构(表“某学校的三年级学生”) 例句:He will be a junior in Harvard University next year. 搭配3:sb’s junior(表“比某人年轻的人”) 例句:She married a man 10 years her junior. 32.forward 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作副词(adv.)、形容词(adj.)、动词(v.)、名词(n.) 2. 核心衍生词: 名词:forwardness(直率;冒失) 副词(无特殊变形,动词有词形变化):动词第三人称单数形式为forwards(美式拼写常与forward通用,表“转发”时两者均可) 二、单词本身(forward)常用搭配与例句 1. 作副词(表“向前;向将来;提前;(邮件等)转寄”) 搭配1:move/go/step forward(向前移动/走/迈步) 例句:She stepped forward to accept the award. 搭配2:look forward to sth/doing sth(期待某事/做某事) 例句:We are all looking forward to the summer holiday. 搭配3:put forward sth(提出某事,如建议、计划) 例句:He put forward a new idea at the meeting. 搭配4:forward sth to sb(把某物转发给某人,如邮件、信息) 例句:Please forward this email to the marketing team. 2. 作形容词(表“向前的;未来的;前进的;(人)直率的”) 搭配1:a forward + 名词(如movement/plan/thinker等) 例句:This is a forward plan for the next five years. 搭配2:be forward in doing sth(勇于做某事;主动做某事) 例句:She is always forward in helping her classmates. 3. 作动词(表“转发(邮件、信息等);促进;推进”) 搭配1:forward sth to sb(转发某物给某人) 例句:The secretary forwarded the report to all managers. 搭配2:forward sth(促进某事,如项目、计划) 例句:We need to work together to forward this project. 4. 作名词(表“(体育比赛中的)前锋;(货币的)期货合约”,常用搭配为“a forward”) 搭配1:a + 形容词 + forward(表“某类型的前锋”,如football forward足球前锋) 例句:He is one of the best forwards in the national team. 搭配2:forward contract(期货合约,金融领域) 例句:The company signed a forward contract to avoid price risks. 33.look forward to 一、短语属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:动词短语(作谓语,主语通常为人,后接宾语) 2. 核心变形: 第三人称单数形式:looks forward to 过去式/过去分词形式:looked forward to 现在分词形式:looking forward to 3. 衍生词:无独立衍生词,需通过完整短语搭配使用 二、短语本身(look forward to)常用搭配与例句 1. 基础搭配:look forward to + 名词/代词(期待某物/某人) 例句:She looks forward to her parents’ visit every weekend. 例句:We are all looking forward to the new movie. 2. 核心搭配:look forward to + doing sth(期待做某事,“to”为介词,后接动名词) 例句:He has been looking forward to meeting his old friend for years. 例句:I’m looking forward to traveling to Japan next month. 3. 常见语境拓展(口语/书面语通用) 搭配1:look forward to + sth + eagerly(热切期待某事) 例句:The children are looking forward to the Spring Festival eagerly. 搭配2:I look forward to + 名词/doing sth(书面语结尾,表“期待……”,如邮件、信件) 例句:I look forward to your reply. 例句:I look forward to working with you in the future. 34.independent 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作形容词(adj.);偶尔作名词(n.,表“独立的人;无党派人士”) 2. 核心变形与衍生词: 名词:independence(独立,如national independence国家独立) 副词:independently(独立地,如work independently独立工作) 反义词:dependent(依赖的,adj.) 二、单词本身(independent)常用搭配与例句 1. 作形容词(表“独立的;自主的;不依赖他人的”) 搭配1:independent + 名词(如person/child/country等,表“独立的人/国家”) 例句:She grew up to be an independent and confident woman. 搭配2:be independent of sb/sth(不依赖某人/某物;不受某物影响) 例句:The research center is independent of government funding. 搭配3:independent + 名词(表“(机构、组织)独立的;公正的”) 例句:We need an independent investigation to find out the truth. 2. 作名词(表“独立的人;无党派人士”,常用搭配为“an independent”) 搭配1:an independent(表“能独立生活的人”) 例句:As an independent, she manages all her own finances. 搭配2:an independent + in/from + 领域(表“某领域的无党派人士,尤指政治领域”) 例句:He ran for president as an independent from any political party. 35.focus 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作动词(v.)、名词(n.) 2. 核心变形与衍生词: 动词:第三人称单数形式为focuses/focusses(两者通用);过去式/过去分词为focused/focussed;现在分词为focusing/focussing 名词:复数形式为focuses/foci(foci为较正式的拉丁语复数,多用于学术语境) 形容词:focused(专注的,如a focused student专注的学生)、focusable(可聚焦的,如a focusable lens可聚焦的镜头) 二、单词本身(focus)常用搭配与例句 1. 作动词(表“集中(注意力、精力);聚焦(镜头、光线)”) 搭配1:focus on sth/sb(把注意力集中在某事/某人上) 例句:You need to focus on your studies if you want to pass the exam. 搭配2:focus sth on sth(将某物聚焦于某物,如镜头、光线) 例句:The photographer focused the camera on the distant mountain. 搭配3:focus (oneself) on doing sth(集中(自己)精力做某事) 例句:She tried to focus herself on finishing the report before noon. 2. 作名词(表“焦点;中心;注意力;(镜头的)焦距”) 搭配1:the focus of sth(某事的焦点/核心) 例句:The environment has become the focus of public attention recently. 搭配2:in focus((镜头)对焦清晰;(思路)清晰) 例句:Make sure the main subject is in focus before taking the photo. 搭配3:out of focus((镜头)对焦模糊;(思路)混乱) 例句:The picture is out of focus because I moved the camera. 搭配4:bring sth into focus(使某事清晰;使某事成为焦点) 例句:The meeting helped bring the problem into focus. 36.detail 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作名词(n.)、动词(v.) 2. 核心变形与衍生词: 名词:复数形式为details;形容词形式为detailed(详细的,如a detailed plan详细的计划) 动词:第三人称单数形式为details;过去式/过去分词为detailed;现在分词为detailing 二、单词本身(detail)常用搭配与例句 1. 作名词(表“细节;详情;细微之处”) 搭配1:in detail(详细地,作状语) 例句:Could you explain your idea in detail? 搭配2:the details of sth(某事的细节/详情) 例句:I haven’t received the details of the meeting yet. 搭配3:specific details(具体细节) 例句:Please include specific details in your report, like time and location. 搭配4:miss a detail(忽略一个细节) 例句:He missed an important detail in the contract, which caused trouble. 2. 作动词(表“详细说明;详述;列举”) 搭配1:detail sth(详细说明某事) 例句:The manager detailed the new rules at the staff meeting. 搭配2:detail sth to sb(向某人详述某事) 例句:She detailed her travel experience to her family. 搭配3:detail how/what/why...(详细说明如何/什么/为什么……) 例句:The guide detailed how to use the equipment safely. 37.as a result of 一、短语属性与核心特点 1. 词性与功能:介词短语(后接名词、代词或动名词,在句中作原因状语,强调“由于……的结果”) 2. 核心区别:与“because of”近义,但“as a result of”更侧重“因某动作/事件产生的直接结果”,语气稍正式;“because of”仅单纯表原因,无“结果”隐含义。 3. 变形与衍生:无词形变化,需完整搭配使用;其对应表结果的短语为“as a result”(副词短语,单独作状语,如“He worked hard, as a result, he succeeded”)。 二、短语常用搭配与例句 1. 基础搭配:as a result of + 名词/代词(因某物/某人产生结果) 例句:Many people lost their homes as a result of the flood. 例句:The project was delayed as a result of it. 2. 核心搭配:as a result of + doing sth(因做某事产生结果) 例句:As a result of working overtime for weeks, she felt very tired. 例句:He got a promotion as a result of solving the difficult problem. 3. 语境拓展:as a result of + 名词短语(书面/口语通用,可用于解释事件、现象的原因) 例句:The company’s profits dropped as a result of the economic crisis. 例句:As a result of his carelessness, the experiment failed. 38.tip 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作名词(n.)、动词(v.),含义丰富,需根据语境区分 2. 核心变形: 名词:复数形式为tips 动词:第三人称单数形式为tips;过去式/过去分词为tipped;现在分词为tipping 3. 衍生词:tipper(n.,指“给小费的人;翻斗车”) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 1. 作名词(最常用三大含义) 含义1:建议;提示(日常/学习/工作场景通用) 搭配1:a tip (on sth/for doing sth)(关于某事/做某事的建议) 例句:She gave me a useful tip on how to improve my English. 搭配2:tips and tricks(实用技巧;小贴士,常用复数) 例句:The book shares tips and tricks for cooking healthy meals. 含义2:小费(服务场景,如餐饮、酒店) 搭配1:leave/give a tip (to sb)(给某人留/付小费) 例句:Customers usually leave a tip to waiters in Western restaurants. 搭配2:a 10% tip(10%的小费,表比例) 例句:He paid a 10% tip for the good service. 含义3:尖端;末梢(指物体的末端部分) 搭配1:the tip of sth(某物的尖端) 例句:The tip of the pencil is broken, so I need to sharpen it. 例句:She touched the tip of his nose gently. 2. 作动词(常用三大含义) 含义1:给小费(对应名词“小费”的动作) 搭配:tip sb (some money)(给某人(一些钱作为)小费) 例句:We tipped the taxi driver 50 yuan for his help. 含义2:倾斜;倾倒(指物体歪斜或倒出内容) 搭配1:tip (sth) over((使某物)翻倒) 例句:Be careful not to tip the cup over. 搭配2:tip sth into sth(把某物倒进某物里) 例句:She tipped the sugar into the coffee and stirred it. 含义3:暗示;透露(非正式语境,比“suggest”更隐晦) 搭配:tip (sb) off (about sth)((向某人)透露/暗示某事) 例句:The police were tipped off about the illegal activity. 39.base 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.),核心含义围绕“基础、底部、基地”展开 2. 核心变形: 名词:复数形式为bases 动词:第三人称单数形式为bases;过去式/过去分词为based;现在分词为basing 3. 衍生词:basic(adj.,基础的,如basic knowledge基础知识)、basement(n.,地下室,指建筑底部的空间)、basis(n.,抽象的“基础、根据”,如on the basis of基于……) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 1. 作名词(四大核心含义) 含义1:底部;底座(指物体的支撑部分) 搭配:the base of sth(某物的底部/底座) 例句:The base of the lamp is made of wood. 例句:He placed the vase carefully on the base of the shelf. 含义2:基地;根据地(指军事、工作或活动的集中地) 搭配1:a military/base camp(军事基地/营地) 例句:The army set up a base in the northern area. 搭配2:a research base(研究基地) 例句:This university has a marine research base by the sea. 含义3:基础;根基(抽象概念,指事物的根本) 搭配:the base of sth(某事的基础) 例句:Reading more books is the base of improving writing skills. 例句:Trust is the base of a good friendship. 含义4:(数学)底数;(化学)碱(专业领域含义) 例句:In the equation "2³", 2 is the base.(数学:在等式“2³”中,2是底数。) 例句:Baking soda is a common base in daily life.(化学:小苏打是日常生活中常见的碱。) 2. 作动词(核心含义:以……为基础;把……建立在……上) 搭配1:base sth on/upon sth(把某事建立在……基础上) 例句:The movie is based on a true story. 搭配2:be based in + 地点((机构、人员)以某地为基地/总部) 例句:The company is based in Shanghai. 搭配3:base oneself in + 地点(某人定居/驻留在某地) 例句:She based herself in Paris to study art. 3. 作形容词(仅作定语,表“基础的;基本的”,较正式,近义于basic) 搭配:base level(基础水平)、base salary(基本工资) 例句:All employees get a base salary of 5,000 yuan. 40.remind 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:仅作及物动词(v.),后必须接宾语(人或事物),不可单独使用 2. 核心变形: 第三人称单数形式:reminds 过去式/过去分词:reminded 现在分词:reminding 3. 衍生词: 名词:reminder(提醒物;提示,如a reminder note便条提醒) 形容词:reminding(起提醒作用的,如a reminding message提醒信息,使用频率较低) 二、单词常用搭配与例句 1. 核心搭配1:remind sb of sth(使某人想起某事/某人;提醒某人某事) 例句1:This song reminds me of my childhood.(这首歌让我想起了我的童年。) 例句2:Can you remind me of the meeting time tomorrow?(你能提醒我明天的会议时间吗?) 2. 核心搭配2:remind sb to do sth(提醒某人做某事) 例句1:She always reminds me to take my umbrella on rainy days.(下雨天她总提醒我带伞。) 例句2:The app will remind you to drink water every hour.(这个应用会每小时提醒你喝水。) 3. 核心搭配3:remind sb + that从句(提醒某人/使某人想起……) 例句1:He reminded me that I had promised to help him.(他提醒我,我答应过要帮他。) 例句2:The old photo reminds me that we used to play together.(这张旧照片让我想起我们以前一起玩的时光。) 4. 特殊搭配:remind sb about sth(提醒某人关于某事,与“remind sb of sth”表“提醒”时可互换,侧重“关于某具体事项”) 例句:Please remind me about the homework—I almost forgot it.(请提醒我作业的事,我差点忘了。) 41.stick to 一、短语属性与核心说明 1. 词性:动词短语(v. + prep.),后接名词、代词或动名词(doing sth),不可直接接动词原形。 2. 核心特点:含义围绕“不改变、不放弃、坚持”或“附着、粘贴”展开,需结合语境区分。 二、常用含义、搭配与例句 1. 核心含义1:坚持(计划、决定、原则等);不放弃 搭配:stick to + 名词/代词/doing sth(坚持某事/做某事) 例句1:She stuck to her decision to study abroad, even though her parents disagreed.(尽管父母反对,她还是坚持了出国留学的决定。) 例句2:If you stick to practicing English every day, you will make progress.(如果你坚持每天练习英语,你会进步的。) 例句3:He always sticks to his principles and never compromises.(他始终坚持自己的原则,从不妥协。) 2. 核心含义2:遵守(规则、协议等);不违背 搭配:stick to + 名词(遵守某规则/协议) 例句1:Everyone must stick to the school rules, no matter who they are.(无论是谁,都必须遵守校规。) 例句2:The two sides agreed to stick to the terms of the contract.(双方同意遵守合同条款。) 3. 核心含义3:附着在……上;粘贴在……上 搭配:stick to + 名词(附着/粘贴在某物表面) 例句1:The wet paper stuck to the table, and I couldn’t pull it off easily.(湿纸粘在了桌子上,我很难把它撕下来。) 例句2:This glue sticks to wood very well—you can use it to fix the chair.(这种胶水粘木头很牢固,你可以用它修椅子。) 4. 特殊含义:坚持(吃、做)某类事物(不尝试其他) 搭配:stick to + 名词(坚持吃/做某类事物) 例句:When I’m on a diet, I stick to light foods like vegetables and fruit.(我节食时,只吃蔬菜、水果这类清淡的食物。) 42.proposal 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:仅作名词(n.),无动词等其他词性变形 2. 核心变形:复数形式为proposals 3. 衍生词: 动词:propose(提议;建议;求婚,如propose a plan提出计划) 形容词:propositional(命题的,多用于逻辑、语法领域,如propositional logic命题逻辑,日常使用较少) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 1. 核心含义1:提议;建议;方案(正式场景,如工作、会议、政策) 搭配1:make/put forward a proposal(提出提议/方案) 例句:The manager made a proposal to cut down unnecessary expenses. 搭配2:accept/reject a proposal(接受/拒绝提议) 例句:After discussion, the committee decided to accept the new proposal. 搭配3:a proposal for sth(关于某事的提议/方案) 例句:They submitted a detailed proposal for the city’s development. 2. 核心含义2:求婚(非正式或正式语境均常用) 搭配1:make a proposal (to sb)(向某人求婚) 例句:He took her to the beach and made a proposal under the stars. 搭配2:accept/refuse a proposal(接受/拒绝求婚) 例句:She was so happy that she immediately accepted his proposal. 3. 特殊含义:(法律上的)求婚;(商业上的)报价(专业领域) 搭配1:a marriage proposal(法律语境中的“求婚”,强调法律层面的意愿) 例句:The marriage proposal was recorded in the local government office. 搭配2:a business proposal(商业报价;商业计划书) 例句:Our company sent a business proposal to the client last week. 43.aim 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作动词(v.) 和名词(n.) ,含义均围绕“目标、瞄准”展开。 2. 核心变形(动词): 第三人称单数形式:aims 过去式/过去分词:aimed 现在分词:aiming 3. 衍生词: 名词:aimless(无目标的,如an aimless life漫无目的的生活) 副词:aimlessly(无目标地,如walk aimlessly漫无目的地走) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作动词(v.) 1. 核心含义1:瞄准;对准(具体事物,如枪、箭、镜头等) 搭配1:aim (sth) at sb/sth(把某物瞄准某人/某物) 例句1:The hunter aimed his gun at the deer.(猎人把枪瞄准了鹿。) 例句2:She aimed the camera at the beautiful sunset.(她把相机对准了美丽的日落。) 搭配2:aim for sth(瞄准某物;力求达到某物) 例句:He aimed for the target but missed.(他瞄准目标但没射中。) 2. 核心含义2:旨在;目的是(抽象目标,如计划、政策、行动) 搭配1:aim to do sth(旨在做某事;目标是做某事) 例句1:This project aims to help poor children get education.(这个项目旨在帮助贫困儿童获得教育。) 例句2:She aims to finish the report by Friday.(她的目标是周五前完成报告。) 搭配2:aim at doing sth(旨在做某事,与“aim to do sth”含义相近,更侧重“行动的方向”) 例句:The new law aims at reducing air pollution.(新法律旨在减少空气污染。) (二)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:目标;目的(个人、工作、计划的目标) 搭配1:achieve/reach an aim(实现/达到目标) 例句:After years of hard work, she finally achieved her aim of becoming a doctor.(经过多年努力,她终于实现了成为医生的目标。) 搭配2:set an aim(设定目标) 例句:It’s important to set clear aims for your study.(为学习设定明确的目标很重要。) 搭配3:the aim of sth(某事的目的) 例句:The main aim of the meeting is to discuss the new product plan.(会议的主要目的是讨论新产品计划。) 2. 核心含义2:瞄准;对准(射击、投掷等的动作) 搭配:take aim (at sth)(瞄准某物) 例句:He took careful aim at the target before firing.(他开火前仔细瞄准了目标。) 44.style 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作动词(v.)和名词(n.),含义围绕“风格、样式、设计”展开。 2. 核心变形(动词): 第三人称单数形式:styles 过去式/过去分词:styled 现在分词:styling 3. 衍生词: 形容词:stylish(时髦的;有格调的,如a stylish dress 时髦的连衣裙) 名词:stylist(造型师;设计师,如a hair stylist 发型师)、styling(造型设计;款式,如the styling of the new car 新车的造型设计)、stylebook(时尚手册;文体手册,如a fashion stylebook 时尚手册) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作动词(v.) 1. 核心含义1:设计;使具有某种风格(用于装饰、造型、服饰等场景) 搭配1:style sth (with sth)(用某物打造某物的风格) 例句1:The interior designer styled the living room with vintage furniture.(室内设计师用复古家具打造了客厅的风格。) 搭配2:style sb/sth as sth(将某人/某物定位为某种风格) 例句2:The brand styles itself as a leader in sustainable fashion.(该品牌将自己定位为可持续时尚领域的领军者。) (二)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:(艺术、文学、服饰等的)风格;格调 搭配1:a style of sth(某种风格的事物) 例句1:This poem is written in a classical style.(这首诗采用古典风格创作。) 搭配2:in (the) style of sb/sth(模仿某人/某物的风格) 例句2:The painting is in the style of Picasso.(这幅画模仿了毕加索的风格。) 2. 核心含义2:(做事、行为的)方式;方法 搭配1:sb’s style of doing sth(某人做某事的方式) 例句1:I admire her efficient style of managing projects.(我欣赏她高效的项目管理方式。) 搭配2:in style(时髦地;有气派地) 例句2:They traveled around the world in style.(他们气派地环游了世界。) 搭配3:out of style(过时的) 例句3:This type of jacket is out of style now.(这种夹克现在已经过时了。) 3. 核心含义3:(产品的)款式;型号 搭配1:the latest style(最新款式) 例句1:The store just launched the latest style of smartphones.(这家店刚推出了最新款式的智能手机。) 搭配2:choose a style(选择款式) 例句2:You can choose a style that suits your taste.(你可以选择一款符合你口味的款式。) 45.technique 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作名词(n.),含义围绕“技巧、技术、方法”展开;无动词词性。 2. 核心变形(名词): 复数形式:techniques 3. 衍生词: 形容词:technical(技术的;专业的,如technical support 技术支持)、technological(技术的;科技的,如technological progress 科技进步) 名词:technician(技术员;技师,如a computer technician 电脑技术员)、technology(技术;科技,如information technology 信息技术)、technicality(技术性细节;专业术语,如legal technicalities 法律术语) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:(艺术、体育、技艺等的)技巧;技艺 搭配1:a technique for (doing) sth(做某事的技巧) 例句1:She taught me a useful technique for playing the piano.(她教了我一个弹钢琴的实用技巧。) 搭配2:master a technique(掌握一项技巧) 例句2:It takes years of practice to master this painting technique.(掌握这种绘画技巧需要多年练习。) 搭配3:advanced technique(先进技巧) 例句3:The athlete used an advanced technique to improve his performance.(这位运动员运用先进技巧提升了自己的表现。) 2. 核心含义2:(科学、工业、工作中的)技术;方法 搭配1:a technique in sth(某领域的技术/方法) 例句1:This new technique in medicine has saved many lives.(这种医学新技术拯救了许多生命。) 搭配2:develop a technique(研发一种技术/方法) 例句2:The team developed a new technique for recycling plastic.(该团队研发了一种塑料回收的新方法。) 搭配3:adopt a technique(采用一种技术/方法) 例句3:Most companies have adopted this efficient production technique.(大多数企业都采用了这种高效的生产技术。) 3. 核心含义3:(做某事的)手法;工艺 搭配1:the technique of sth(某物的工艺/手法) 例句1:The technique of making this traditional dish has been passed down for generations.(这道传统菜肴的制作工艺已传承数代。) 搭配2:refine a technique(改进工艺/手法) 例句2:The craftsman kept refining his wood carving technique.(这位工匠不断改进自己的木雕工艺。) 46.workshop 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作名词(n.),含义围绕“研讨会、工作坊、车间”展开;无动词词性。 2. 核心变形(名词): 复数形式:workshops 3. 衍生词: 复合名词:workshop leader(工作坊负责人)、workshop manual(车间手册;操作指南)、writing workshop(写作工作坊) 无常见形容词/副词衍生形式,需通过语境搭配表达相关含义(如workshop style 工作坊形式的) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:(针对特定主题的)研讨会;工作坊(侧重互动学习、实践讨论) 搭配1:a workshop on sth(关于某主题的研讨会/工作坊) 例句1:The school held a workshop on mental health for students.(学校为学生举办了一场心理健康研讨会。) 搭配2:attend a workshop(参加研讨会/工作坊) 例句2:She attended a design workshop to improve her creative skills.(她参加了一个设计工作坊,以提升创意能力。) 搭配3:run/lead a workshop(主持/带领研讨会/工作坊) 例句3:The expert ran a workshop on sustainable farming for local farmers.(这位专家为当地农民主持了一场可持续农业工作坊。) 2. 核心含义2:(工厂的)车间;作坊(用于生产、加工、维修的场所) 搭配1:a (sth) workshop(某类型车间/作坊) 例句1:The car company has a new workshop for engine repair.(这家汽车公司有一个新的发动机维修车间。) 搭配2:in the workshop(在车间里) 例句2:The workers are busy assembling parts in the workshop.(工人们正在车间里忙着组装零件。) 搭配3:workshop equipment(车间设备) 例句3:We need to update the workshop equipment to improve efficiency.(我们需要更新车间设备以提高效率。) 3. 核心含义3:(艺术家、工匠的)工作室(用于创作、制作的空间) 搭配1:an artist’s workshop(艺术家工作室) 例句1:We visited a famous painter’s workshop during the exhibition.(展览期间我们参观了一位著名画家的工作室。) 搭配2:a pottery workshop(陶艺作坊) 例句2:She opened a small pottery workshop to sell her hand made works.(她开了一家小陶艺作坊,售卖自己的手工制品。) 47.professional 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作形容词(adj.)和名词(n.),含义围绕“专业的、职业的、专业人士”展开。 2. 核心变形: 形容词比较级:more professional;最高级:most professional 名词复数形式:professionals 3. 衍生词: 名词:profession(职业;专业,如the teaching profession 教师职业)、professionalism(专业性;职业素养,如workplace professionalism 职场职业素养) 副词:professionally(专业地;职业上,如handle the task professionally 专业地处理这项任务) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作形容词(adj.) 1. 核心含义1:专业的;职业的(与业余相对,强调经过训练、具备专业能力) 搭配1:professional + 名词(如skills, service, training) 例句1:She has excellent professional skills in graphic design.(她在平面设计方面拥有出色的专业技能。) 搭配2:be professional at/in (doing) sth(在某方面专业) 例句2:He is very professional at solving technical problems.(他在解决技术问题方面非常专业。) 搭配3:professional standards(专业标准) 例句3:All staff must follow the company’s professional standards.(所有员工都必须遵守公司的专业标准。) 2. 核心含义2:职业性的;非业余的(指以某种活动为职业) 搭配1:professional + 名词(如athlete, musician, team) 例句1:He became a professional athlete at the age of 18.(他18岁时成为了一名职业运动员。) 搭配2:professional career(职业生涯) 例句2:She focused on building her professional career in finance.(她专注于在金融领域打造自己的职业生涯。) (二)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义:专业人士;职业从业者(指具备专业知识和技能、以特定职业为生的人) 搭配1:a professional in sth(某领域的专业人士) 例句1:We need to consult a professional in environmental protection.(我们需要咨询一位环保领域的专业人士。) 搭配2:professionals + 名词(如doctors, lawyers, engineers) 例句2:Most professionals in this field have a master’s degree.(该领域的大多数专业人士都拥有硕士学位。) 搭配3:hire/employ a professional(聘请专业人士) 例句3:The company hired a professional to manage its public relations.(公司聘请了一位专业人士来管理公共关系。) 48.material 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作名词(n.),也可作形容词(adj.),含义围绕“材料、素材、物质的”展开。 2. 核心变形: 名词复数形式:materials 形容词比较级:more material;最高级:most material 3. 衍生词: 名词:materialism(物质主义,如consumer materialism 消费物质主义)、materiality(重要性;实质性,如the materiality of the issue 问题的重要性) 形容词:materialistic(物质至上的;追求物质的,如a materialistic society 物质至上的社会) 副词:materially(物质上;实质上,如improve life materially 从物质上改善生活) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:(制作物品的)材料;原料(如布料、金属、木材等) 搭配1:material for sth(制作某物的材料) 例句1:We need to buy more material for the curtains.(我们需要再买些做窗帘的布料。) 搭配2:building/materials(建筑材料)、raw materials(原材料) 例句2:The factory imports raw materials from overseas every month.(这家工厂每月从海外进口原材料。) 搭配3:choose/select material(选择材料) 例句3:She chose a soft material for her baby’s clothes.(她为宝宝的衣服选了柔软的面料。) 2. 核心含义2:(写作、研究、创作的)素材;资料 搭配1:material for sth(某事物的素材/资料) 例句1:The journalist collected a lot of material for her report.(这位记者为她的报道收集了大量素材。) 搭配2:reading material(阅读材料)、teaching materials(教学资料) 例句2:The teacher prepared some new teaching materials for the class.(老师为这节课准备了一些新的教学资料。) 搭配3:use (sth as) material(把某物用作素材) 例句3:He used his childhood experiences as material for his novel.(他把童年经历当作小说的创作素材。) 3. 核心含义3:(某类)物品;用具(常用复数) 搭配1:office materials(办公用品)、art materials(美术用品) 例句1:Please go to the store to buy some office materials like pens and paper.(请去商店买些钢笔、纸张之类的办公用品。) 搭配2:supply materials(提供物品/用具) 例句2:The school supplies art materials for students in the painting class.(学校为绘画课的学生提供美术用品。) (二)作形容词(adj.) 1. 核心含义1:物质的;实际的(与“精神、抽象”相对) 搭配1:material + 名词(如needs, goods, world) 例句1:People’s basic material needs like food and shelter must be met first.(人们首先要满足衣食住行等基本物质需求。) 搭配2:material benefits(物质利益) 例句2:The job offers good material benefits but little room for growth.(这份工作物质待遇不错,但发展空间很小。) 2. 核心含义2:重要的;关键的(影响事情结果的) 搭配1:be material to sth(对某事重要) 例句1:This information is material to our decision making.(这些信息对我们的决策至关重要。) 搭配2:material facts(关键事实) 例句2:You must tell the lawyer all material facts about the case.(你必须把案件的所有关键事实告诉律师。) 49.poster 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作名词(n.),含义围绕“海报、招贴画、张贴者”展开;无动词词性。 2. 核心变形(名词): 复数形式:posters 3. 衍生词: 复合名词:poster design(海报设计)、poster board(海报板;硬纸板)、movie poster(电影海报)、concert poster(演唱会海报) 无常见形容词/副词衍生形式,需通过语境搭配表达相关含义(如poster sized 海报尺寸的) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:海报;招贴画(用于宣传、装饰或传递信息,常贴在公共场所) 搭配1:a poster for sth(关于某事/某物的海报) 例句1:They put up a poster for the school concert on the noticeboard.(他们在布告栏上贴了一张学校演唱会的海报。) 搭配2:design/make a poster(设计/制作海报) 例句2:The students need to design a poster about environmental protection.(学生们需要设计一张关于环保的海报。) 搭配3:hang/display a poster(悬挂/展示海报) 例句3:She hung a poster of her favorite singer on the wall of her bedroom.(她在卧室墙上挂了一张最喜欢的歌手的海报。) 2. 核心含义2:(在网络论坛、社交媒体等上的)发帖人;张贴者 搭配1:the poster of sth(某帖子的发帖人) 例句1:The poster of this comment didn’t provide any supporting evidence.(这条评论的发帖人没有提供任何佐证。) 搭配2:a regular poster(常客发帖人;经常发帖的人) 例句2:He’s a regular poster on this travel forum and shares many useful tips.(他是这个旅游论坛的常客发帖人,分享了很多实用攻略。) 3. 核心含义3:(在体育比赛中)获得奖牌的运动员(尤用于“gold/silver/bronze poster”,非正式用法,多见于口语或特定语境) 搭配1:a gold poster(金牌获得者) 例句1:The young athlete became a gold poster in the national swimming competition.(这位年轻运动员在全国游泳比赛中获得了金牌。 50.secondary 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:主要作形容词(adj.),也可作名词(n.),含义围绕“次要的、第二的、中学”展开。 2. 核心变形: 形容词比较级:more secondary;最高级:most secondary 名词复数形式:secondaries(侧重“中学”或“次要事物”时) 3. 衍生词: 名词:secondary school(中学)、secondary education(中等教育)、secondary source(二手资料;间接来源) 副词:secondarily(其次;在其次要方面,如focus first on safety, then secondarily on cost 先关注安全,其次关注成本) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作形容词(adj.) 1. 核心含义1:次要的;第二位的(重要性低于主要事物) 搭配1:secondary + 名词(如concern, issue, factor) 例句1:For this project, quality is our main focus, and cost is secondary.(这个项目中,质量是我们的主要关注点,成本是次要的。) 搭配2:be secondary to sth(比某事次要) 例句2:Personal interests should be secondary to the team’s goals.(个人利益应置于团队目标之下,退居次要地位。) 搭配3:secondary effect(次要影响;间接影响) 例句3:The policy has a positive main effect, but also some secondary effects we need to consider.(这项政策有积极的主要影响,但也有一些我们需要考虑的次要影响。) 2. 核心含义2:(教育、学校)中等的;中学的 搭配1:secondary + 名词(如school, education, student) 例句1:She started her secondary education at a local public school.(她在当地一所公立学校开始了中等教育阶段的学习。) 搭配2:secondary level(中学阶段;中等教育水平) 例句2:Students at the secondary level need to develop independent learning skills.(中学阶段的学生需要培养自主学习能力。) 3. 核心含义3:(医学、科学)继发性的;次生的(由原发事物引发的) 搭配1:secondary + 名词(如disease, infection, symptom) 例句1:The patient first had a cold, then developed a secondary infection in the throat.(这位患者起初感冒了,之后喉咙出现了继发性感染。) 搭配2:secondary damage(次生损害) 例句2:The earthquake caused primary damage to buildings, and floods brought secondary damage.(地震对建筑物造成了原发性损害,洪水则带来了次生损害。) (二)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:中学(尤指英国的中学,对应“secondary school”的缩写或口语化表达) 搭配1:attend a secondary(上中学) 例句1:He attended a top secondary in his city before going to university.(上大学前,他在所在城市的一所顶尖中学就读。) 搭配2:a state secondary(公立中学) 例句2:Most students in this area go to state secondaries instead of private ones.(这个地区的大多数学生上公立中学,而非私立中学。) 2. 核心含义2:次要事物;辅助事物(常用复数“secondaries”) 搭配1:the secondaries(次要事物) 例句1:We’ve solved the main problem, and now we can deal with the secondaries.(我们已经解决了主要问题,现在可以处理那些次要问题了。) 搭配2:secondary to sth(作为某物的辅助事物) 例句2:These tools are secondaries to the main equipment and are only used when needed.(这些工具是主设备的辅助工具,只在需要时使用。) 51.exchange 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作动词(v.)和名词(n.),含义围绕“交换、交流、兑换”展开。 2. 核心变形: 动词:第三人称单数形式exchanges;过去式/过去分词exchanged;现在分词exchanging 名词:复数形式exchanges 3. 衍生词: 名词:exchangeable(可交换的;可兑换的,如exchangeable currency 可兑换货币)、exchanger(交换器;兑换者,如heat exchanger 热交换器)、exchange student(交换生)、exchange rate(汇率) 无专属副词形式,需通过“in exchange”等短语表达相关含义 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作动词(v.) 1. 核心含义1:交换;互换(物品、信息、位置等) 搭配1:exchange sth with sb(与某人交换某物) 例句1:She exchanged her old phone with her sister for a new tablet.(她用旧手机和姐姐换了一台新平板。) 搭配2:exchange sth for sth(用某物交换某物) 例句2:I exchanged my dollars for euros at the bank before the trip.(旅行前我在银行把美元换成了欧元。) 搭配3:exchange words(交谈;对话,尤指简短交流) 例句3:The two leaders exchanged a few words before the meeting started.(会议开始前,两位领导人简短交谈了几句。) 2. 核心含义2:交流(思想、经验、信息等) 搭配1:exchange sth(交流某物) 例句1:Teachers and parents often exchange ideas about children’s education.(老师和家长经常交流关于孩子教育的想法。) 搭配2:exchange information(交换信息) 例句2:The two companies agreed to exchange technical information to improve cooperation.(两家公司同意交换技术信息,以加强合作。) (二)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:交换;互换(行为或过程) 搭配1:an exchange of sth(某物的交换) 例句1:There was an exchange of gifts between the two teams after the game.(比赛结束后,两队互相交换了礼物。) 搭配2:in exchange (for sth)(作为(某物的)交换) 例句2:He helped me move house, and I treated him to dinner in exchange.(他帮我搬了家,我请他吃了顿饭作为回报。) 2. 核心含义2:交流;交谈(尤指正式或有目的的) 搭配1:a (formal) exchange((正式的)交流) 例句1:The international conference provided a platform for the exchange of scientific research results.(这次国际会议为交流科研成果提供了平台。) 搭配2:cultural exchange(文化交流) 例句2:The city holds annual cultural exchanges with its sister cities abroad.(这座城市每年都与国外友好城市举办文化交流活动。) 3. 核心含义3:兑换(货币);汇率 搭配1:currency exchange(货币兑换) 例句1:You can do currency exchange at the airport or nearby banks.(你可以在机场或附近的银行兑换货币。) 搭配2:exchange rate(汇率) 例句2:The exchange rate between the yuan and the dollar has changed slightly this week.(本周人民币对美元的汇率有小幅变动。) 4. 核心含义4:(机构或组织的)交流项目;交易所 搭配1:an exchange program(交流项目) 例句1:She participated in a student exchange program and studied in France for a year.(她参加了学生交换项目,在法国学习了一年。) 搭配2:stock exchange(证券交易所) 例句2:The company’s shares will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange next month.(该公司的股票将于下月在纽约证券交易所上市。) 52.host 一、单词属性、变形与衍生词 1. 词性:可作名词(n.)和动词(v.),含义围绕“主人、主持人、主办;接待、主持、主办”展开。 2. 核心变形: 动词:第三人称单数形式hosts;过去式/过去分词hosted;现在分词hosting 名词:复数形式hosts 3. 衍生词: 名词:hostess(女主人;女主持人;空姐,如a party hostess 派对女主人)、hosting(主办;托管,如website hosting 网站托管)、hostelry(旅馆,较正式用法) 形容词:hostile(敌对的;不友好的,注意:虽拼写相近,但含义与“host”核心义关联较弱,需单独记忆) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作动词(v.) 1. 核心含义1:主办;承办(活动、会议、赛事等) 搭配1:host + 活动/赛事(如a conference, a game, a festival) 例句1:China hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.(中国在北京主办了2008年夏季奥运会。) 搭配2:host sth for sb(为某人主办某事) 例句2:The school will host a charity dinner for homeless children next week.(学校下周将为流浪儿童主办一场慈善晚宴。) 2. 核心含义2:主持(节目、会议等) 搭配1:host + 节目/会议(如a TV show, a meeting, a ceremony) 例句1:She hosts a popular talk show on national television.(她在国家电视台主持一档热门脱口秀。) 搭配2:host sb on sth(在某节目中采访/接待某人) 例句2:The journalist hosted a famous writer on her radio program yesterday.(昨天这位记者在她的广播节目中采访了一位著名作家。) 3. 核心含义3:接待;招待(客人) 搭配1:host sb(接待某人) 例句1:We hosted our relatives from the countryside during the Spring Festival.(春节期间我们接待了来自农村的亲戚。) 搭配2:host sb at/in + 地点(在某地招待某人) 例句2:They hosted the foreign guests at their home for dinner.(他们在家中招待外国客人吃晚餐。) (二)作名词(n.) 1. 核心含义1:主人;东道主(接待客人的人或主办活动的机构/国家) 搭配1:the host of sth(某事的主人/东道主) 例句1:The host of the party prepared a lot of snacks and drinks.(派对主人准备了很多零食和饮料。) 搭配2:a host country/city(主办国/主办城市) 例句2:Japan was the host country of the 2020 Summer Olympics.(日本是2020年夏季奥运会的主办国。) 2. 核心含义2:(电视、广播节目的)主持人 搭配1:the host of + 节目名称(某节目的主持人) 例句1:He is the host of the evening news program.(他是晚间新闻节目的主持人。) 搭配2:a talk show host(脱口秀主持人) 例句2:The famous talk show host interviewed many Hollywood stars.(这位著名的脱口秀主持人采访过很多好莱坞明星。) 3. 核心含义3:大量;许多(常用“a host of”结构) 搭配:a host of + 复数名词(大量的……) 例句1:The new policy has brought a host of benefits to local residents.(新政策为当地居民带来了诸多好处。) 例句2:There are a host of reasons why people choose to live in big cities.(人们选择住在大城市有很多原因。) 4. 核心含义4:(生物中的)宿主(寄生生物赖以生存的生物) 搭配1:a host for sth(某物的宿主) 例句1:Mosquitoes are the host for the malaria parasite.(蚊子是疟原虫的宿主。) 搭配2:host organism(宿主生物) 例句2:The virus can survive and reproduce in the host organism.(这种病毒能在宿主生物体内存活并繁殖。) 53.biology 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:仅作名词(n.),指研究生命现象的学科或生物的整体情况。 2. 核心变形:复数形式为 biologies(较少用,通常指“多种生物学分支”或特定领域的生物学)。 3. 衍生词: 名词:biologist(生物学家)、biology(生物学,无其他核心名词衍生) 形容词:biological(生物的;生物学的,如 biological research 生物学研究) 副词:biologically(生物学上;从生物角度,如 biologically similar 生物学上相似) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 核心含义1:生物学(研究生命的科学,涵盖动植物、微生物的结构、功能、起源等) 这是最常用含义,特指一门学科,搭配多与“学习、研究、领域”相关。 搭配1:学科相关(如 study biology, learn biology, teach biology) 例句1:She decided to study biology at university because she’s interested in animal behavior.(她决定在大学学习生物学,因为她对动物行为感兴趣。) 搭配2:分支领域(如 marine biology 海洋生物学、molecular biology 分子生物学、cell biology 细胞生物学) 例句2:His research focuses on marine biology, especially the conservation of coral reefs.(他的研究集中在海洋生物学领域,尤其是珊瑚礁的保护。) 搭配3:学术场景(如 biology class 生物课、biology lab 生物实验室、biology textbook 生物课本) 例句3:We did an experiment on plant photosynthesis in the biology lab yesterday.(昨天我们在生物实验室做了植物光合作用的实验。) 核心含义2:(某一地区或环境中的)生物;生物群落(较少用,多强调“整体生命群体”) 搭配:the biology of + 地点/环境(某地的生物群落) 例句1:The biology of the Amazon rainforest includes thousands of unique species.(亚马逊雨林的生物群落包含数千种独特物种。) 例句2:Scientists are studying the biology of deep sea ecosystems to understand their diversity.(科学家正在研究深海生态系统的生物群落,以了解其多样性。) 54.tough 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:可作形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.,较少用)和动词(v.,非正式用法),核心含义围绕“坚硬、困难、顽强”展开。 2. 核心变形: 形容词:比较级 tougher;最高级 toughest 动词:第三人称单数 toughs;过去式/过去分词 toughed;现在分词 toughing 3. 衍生词: 名词:toughness(韧性;坚强,如 the toughness of steel 钢的韧性)、toughie(难题;硬汉,非正式,如 a real toughie 一道难题) 形容词:tough minded(务实的;意志坚强的,如 a tough minded leader 务实的领导者) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作形容词(adj.,最常用) 1. 核心含义1:坚硬的;难切割/咀嚼的(形容物体质地或食物) 搭配1:形容物体(如 tough material, tough skin) 例句1:This jacket is made of tough fabric that can resist scratches.(这件夹克由耐磨面料制成,能防刮。) 搭配2:形容食物(如 tough meat, tough bread) 例句2:The steak was overcooked and too tough to chew.(牛排煮过头了,硬得咬不动。) 2. 核心含义2:困难的;费力的(形容任务、处境等) 搭配1:形容任务/考试(如 a tough task, a tough exam) 例句1:Finishing this project in three days will be a tough task for our team.(三天内完成这个项目对我们团队来说是项艰巨的任务。) 搭配2:形容处境(如 a tough situation, tough times) 例句2:Many families faced tough times during the economic crisis.(经济危机期间,许多家庭面临困境。) 3. 核心含义3:坚强的;能吃苦的;不屈服的(形容人或性格) 搭配1:形容人(如 a tough person, tough kids) 例句1:She’s a tough woman who never gives up even when things go wrong.(她是个坚强的女人,即使遇到困难也从不放弃。) 搭配2:形容态度/政策(如 a tough attitude, tough rules) 例句2:The school has introduced tough rules to prevent bullying.(学校出台了严格的规定来防止校园霸凌。) 4. 核心含义4:粗暴的;难对付的(形容人或行为) 搭配:tough guy(硬汉;粗暴的人)、tough crowd(难取悦的观众) 例句1:He looks like a tough guy, but he’s actually very kind.(他看起来像个粗人,其实人很好。) 例句2:The comedian faced a tough crowd and struggled to get laughs.(这位喜剧演员面对一群难取悦的观众,很难逗他们笑。) (二)作动词(v.,非正式,“坚持;熬过困难时期”) 搭配:tough it out(坚持到底;硬撑过去) 例句1:We just need to tough it out until the rain stops, then we can continue hiking.(我们只需坚持到雨停,然后就能继续徒步了。) 例句2:She toughed out the pain and finished the marathon.(她忍着疼痛跑完了马拉松。) (三)作副词(adv.,较少用,“顽强地;坚定地”) 搭配:fight tough(顽强战斗)、play tough(强硬行事) 例句:The team fought tough and finally won the game in overtime.(这支队伍顽强拼搏,最终在加时赛中获胜。) 55.alarm 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:可作名词(n.)和动词(v.),核心含义围绕“警报、警示”展开。 2. 核心变形: 动词:第三人称单数 alarms;过去式/过去分词 alarmed;现在分词 alarming 3. 衍生词: 形容词:alarmed(担忧的;受惊的,如 be alarmed by sth 被某事惊扰)、alarming(令人担忧的;惊人的,如 an alarming trend 令人担忧的趋势) 名词:alarmer(警报器;发警报的人)、alarmism(危言耸听,贬义词) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作名词(n.,最常用) 1. 核心含义1:警报器;警报信号(用于提醒危险、时间等) 搭配1:具体设备(如 fire alarm 火警报警器、smoke alarm 烟雾报警器、alarm clock 闹钟) 例句1:The fire alarm went off, and everyone rushed out of the building.(火警报警器响了,所有人都冲出了大楼。) 搭配2:动作相关(如 set the alarm 设警报/定闹钟、sound the alarm 发出警报) 例句2:Don’t forget to set the alarm before we go to bed—we need to catch an early train.(睡前别忘了定闹钟,我们要赶早班火车。) 2. 核心含义2:恐慌;担忧(指因危险或意外产生的不安情绪) 搭配:in alarm(惊慌地)、cause alarm(引起担忧)、express alarm(表达担忧) 例句1:She stared at the broken window in alarm, wondering if someone had broken in.(她惊慌地盯着破窗户,怀疑有人闯进来了。) 例句2:The sudden drop in sales has caused alarm among company managers.(销售额突然下降让公司管理层感到担忧。) (二)作动词(v.,“使恐慌;使担忧;向……报警”) 搭配1:接人作宾语(alarm sb 使某人恐慌/担忧) 例句1:The news of the storm alarmed local residents, who rushed to buy supplies.(暴风雨的消息让当地居民感到恐慌,他们赶紧去抢购物资。) 搭配2:接事件作宾语(alarm sb about/at sth 因某事使某人担忧) 例句2:Doctors are alarmed at the rise in childhood obesity rates.(医生们对儿童肥胖率的上升感到担忧。) 搭配3:报警场景(alarm the police 报警) 例句3:She immediately alarmed the police when she noticed the stranger following her.(发现有陌生人跟踪自己后,她立刻报了警。) 56.contribution 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:核心作名词(n.),核心含义围绕“贡献、捐献、稿件”展开。 2. 核心搭配词: 动词搭配:make a contribution(作出贡献)、donate a contribution(捐献)、accept a contribution(接受稿件/捐献) 介词搭配:contribution to(对……的贡献/捐献)、contribution from(来自……的捐献/稿件) 3. 衍生词: 动词:contribute(贡献;捐献;投稿,如 contribute to sth 为某事做贡献) 形容词:contributory(促成的;捐献的,如 a contributory factor 促成因素) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)核心含义1:贡献(指对某事物发展、进步的付出) 搭配1:make a (great/important/significant) contribution to sth(对某事作出(重大/重要)贡献) 例句1:Einstein made a significant contribution to the development of modern physics.(爱因斯坦对现代物理学的发展作出了重大贡献。) 搭配2:recognize sb’s contribution(认可某人的贡献) 例句2:The company held an award ceremony to recognize employees’ contributions to its growth.(公司举办了颁奖典礼,以认可员工对其发展的贡献。) (二)核心含义2:捐献;捐款(指金钱、物资等的捐赠) 搭配1:a contribution to sth(给某事/机构的捐献) 例句1:All contributions to the charity will be used to help homeless people.(给该慈善机构的所有捐款都将用于帮助无家可归者。) 搭配2:collect contributions(募集捐款) 例句2:The school is collecting contributions from parents to buy new library books.(学校正在向家长募集捐款,用于购买新的图书馆书籍。) (三)核心含义3:稿件;投稿(指给书籍、杂志、会议等提交的文字内容) 搭配:a contribution to sth(给某出版物/会议的稿件) 例句1:She sent a contribution to the local newspaper about environmental protection.(她给当地报纸投了一篇关于环境保护的稿件。) 例句2:The professor’s contribution to the academic conference was highly praised by other scholars.(这位教授提交给学术会议的论文受到了其他学者的高度评价。) 57.fortunately 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:仅作副词(adv.),核心含义为“幸运地;幸好”,用于引出有利的情况或结果。 2. 核心变形:无比较级和最高级(副词中“fortunately”属于程度副词,通常不用于比较)。 3. 衍生词: 形容词:fortunate(幸运的,如 be fortunate to do sth 幸运地做某事) 名词:fortune(运气;财富,如 good fortune 好运、make a fortune 发财) 反义词:unfortunately(不幸地;遗憾地) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 核心含义:幸运地;幸好(用于句首、句中或句末,修饰整个句子或分句,强调情况意外有利) 搭配1:句首(逗号隔开,引出整体有利情况) 例句1:Fortunately, the rain stopped just before we started our picnic.(幸好,在我们开始野餐前雨停了。) 搭配2:句中(插入句中,补充说明有利细节) 例句2:We forgot to bring umbrellas, but fortunately, a kind stranger offered us a ride.(我们忘了带伞,但幸好一位好心的陌生人让我们搭了车。) 搭配3:句末(用逗号与主句隔开,弱化强调,补充结果) 例句3:The car broke down on the highway, but help arrived quickly fortunately.(车在高速上抛锚了,但幸好救援很快就到了。) 搭配4:与“but”“however”等连用(对比不利与有利情况) 例句4:The exam was much harder than I expected, but fortunately, I had prepared for the difficult parts.(考试比我预想的难很多,但幸好我提前准备了难点部分。) 58.over time 一、短语基础信息 1. 词性/属性:介词短语(prepositional phrase),核心含义围绕“随着时间推移、久而久之”,用于描述动作或状态随时间发生的变化。 2. 核心搭配:常作时间状语,可置于句首、句中或句末,修饰整个句子或谓语动词,无需额外连接词。 3. 近义表达:as time goes by(随着时间流逝)、with the passage of time(随着时间的推移)、gradually over time(久而久之,强调渐进性) 二、短语常用含义、搭配与例句 核心含义:随着时间推移;久而久之(强调过程的渐进性,不特指具体时长,仅体现“经过一段时间后”的结果) 搭配1:置于句首(引出时间背景,逗号隔开) 例句1:Over time, small habits like reading 10 pages a day can lead to big changes in your knowledge.(随着时间推移,每天读10页书这样的小习惯,能给你的知识储备带来巨大变化。) 搭配2:置于句中(插入谓语前后,补充时间维度) 例句2:The color of the old photo has faded over time because of exposure to sunlight.(这张旧照片的颜色因长期暴露在阳光下,随着时间推移已经褪色了。) 搭配3:置于句末(补充说明变化的时间过程,无需逗号) 例句3:Regular exercise can improve your physical fitness over time.(规律运动久而久之能提升你的身体素质。) 搭配4:与“change”“develop”“improve”等表变化的动词连用(突出渐进式改变) 例句4:Relationships need to be maintained; trust and understanding can only grow over time.(关系需要维护,信任与理解只能随着时间推移逐渐加深。) 59.option 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:核心作名词(n.),核心含义为“选择;选项;选择权”,也可作动词(较不常用,意为“给予……选择”)。 2. 核心搭配词: 动词搭配:have an option(有选择)、choose an option(选择一个选项)、keep/leave options open(保留选择余地) 介词搭配:option of doing sth(做某事的选择)、option to do sth(做某事的选择权)、option for sth(某事的选项) 3. 衍生词/近义表达: 形容词:optional(可选择的,如 optional courses 选修课) 近义词:choice(选择,日常用语)、alternative(可供替代的选择) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)核心含义1:选择;选择权(指可挑选的可能性或权利) 搭配1:have the option to do sth(有做某事的选择权) 例句1:Employees have the option to work from home two days a week.(员工有每周两天居家办公的选择权。) 搭配2:keep/leave one’s options open(不急于做决定,保留选择余地) 例句2:I haven’t accepted the job offer yet—I want to keep my options open.(我还没接受那份工作邀请,想先保留选择余地。) (二)核心含义2:选项;备选方案(指具体的可选择项) 搭配1:an option for sth(某事的选项) 例句1:The restaurant offers several options for vegetarians, like tofu curry and vegetable stir fry.(这家餐厅为素食者提供多种选项,比如豆腐咖喱和炒时蔬。) 搭配2:select/choose an option(选择一个选项) 例句2:When setting up the app, select the “dark mode” option if you prefer a darker screen.(设置这款应用时,如果你喜欢深色屏幕,可以选择“深色模式”选项。) (三)次要含义3:(金融领域)期权(指在规定时间内买卖资产的权利) 搭配:stock option(股票期权) 例句:Some companies give their top managers stock options as a bonus.(一些公司会把股票期权作为奖金发给高层管理人员。) 60.butter 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:可作名词(n.)和动词(v.),核心含义围绕“黄油、涂黄油”展开。 2. 核心变形: 名词:复数形式 butters(较少用,指“多种黄油”或特定类型黄油,如 different butters) 动词:第三人称单数 butters;过去式/过去分词 buttered;现在分词 buttering 3. 衍生词/复合词: 复合名词:butterfly(蝴蝶)、butter milk(脱脂乳)、butter knife(黄油刀) 形容词:buttery(黄油状的;含黄油的,如 a buttery taste 黄油味) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)作名词(n.,最常用) 1. 核心含义1:黄油(由牛奶或奶油制成的黄色固体脂肪,用于烹饪、烘焙或涂抹面包) 搭配1:描述类型/状态(如 salted butter 有盐黄油、unsalted butter 无盐黄油、soft butter 软黄油) 例句1:Baking cookies usually requires unsalted butter to control the salt content.(烤饼干通常需要无盐黄油来控制含盐量。) 搭配2:动作相关(如 spread butter 涂黄油、melt butter 融化黄油、add butter 加黄油) 例句2:She spread a thin layer of butter on the toast before adding jam.(她在吐司上涂了薄薄一层黄油,然后再加果酱。) 2. 次要含义2:黄油状的物质(如植物黄油、某些酱料,非正式用法) 搭配:vegan butter(纯素黄油)、peanut butter(花生酱,虽含“butter”但本质是酱料,需单独记忆) 例句:He’s allergic to dairy, so he uses vegan butter instead of regular butter.(他对乳制品过敏,所以用纯素黄油代替普通黄油。) (二)作动词(v.,“涂黄油于……上”) 搭配1:butter + 食物(如 bread, toast, pancakes) 例句1:Can you help butter the bread for the children’s breakfast?(你能帮孩子们的早餐面包涂下黄油吗?) 搭配2:butter sth (up)(给某物多涂黄油;非正式“奉承某人”,如 butter sb up 讨好某人) 例句2:She buttered up the toast so it would be more flavorful.(她给吐司多涂了点黄油,让味道更浓郁。) 例句3:He tried to butter up his boss by bringing her coffee every morning.(他每天早上给老板带咖啡,想讨好对方。) 61.pudding 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:核心作名词(n.),含义因地域差异较明显,主要指向“甜点”或特定“主食布丁”。 2. 核心搭配: 描述类型:chocolate pudding(巧克力布丁)、rice pudding(大米布丁)、Christmas pudding(圣诞布丁) 动作搭配:make pudding(做布丁)、eat pudding(吃布丁)、serve pudding(上布丁) 3. 衍生/关联词:pudding cup(布丁杯)、pudding mix(布丁预拌粉)、steamed pudding(蒸布丁) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)核心含义1:(英美通用)软质甜点布丁(口感细腻,多为糊状、凝胶状或半固体,常作餐后甜点) 搭配1:材质/口味+ pudding 例句1:She made vanilla pudding with fresh strawberries on top for dessert.(她做了香草布丁当甜点,上面还放了新鲜草莓。) 搭配2:容器+ pudding 例句2:The convenience store sells individual pudding cups that are perfect for a quick snack.(便利店售卖独立包装的布丁杯,作为快手零食很合适。) (二)核心含义2:(英式英语)主食布丁(质地偏扎实,含谷物、肉类等,可作正餐一部分,非甜点) 搭配:食材+ pudding 例句1:In the UK, black pudding (made from blood and grain) is a traditional breakfast food.(在英国,黑布丁(由血液和谷物制成)是传统早餐食材。) 例句2:She cooked steak and kidney pudding for dinner—its pastry crust is crispy and savory.(她做了牛排腰子布丁当晚餐,酥皮外壳香脆又入味。) (三)特殊含义3:(非正式)布丁(泛指甜点,英式口语中常用,如 “What’s for pudding?” 意为“甜点吃什么?”) 例句:After the roast chicken, my grandma always asks, “Do you have room for pudding?”(吃完烤鸡后,奶奶总会问“还吃得下甜点吗?”) 62.attract 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:核心作动词(v.),含义为“吸引;引起(兴趣、注意等)”,无名词或形容词词性(衍生词有对应词性)。 2. 核心变形: 第三人称单数:attracts 过去式/过去分词:attracted 现在分词:attracting 3. 衍生词/近义表达: 名词:attraction(吸引力;景点,如 tourist attraction 旅游景点)、attractor(吸引物) 形容词:attractive(有吸引力的,如 an attractive offer 有吸引力的提议) 近义词:draw(吸引,侧重“拉拽式吸引”)、appeal to(吸引,主语多为事物,如 The idea appeals to me) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)核心含义1:吸引(人、动物或事物,指因特质、优势等被吸引过来) 搭配1:attract + 人/动物(如 customers, visitors, birds) 例句1:The new shopping mall with a rooftop garden attracts many young people on weekends.(带屋顶花园的新商场周末吸引了很多年轻人。) 搭配2:attract + 事物(如 attention, interest, investment) 例句2:Her unique painting style attracted the attention of several art galleries.(她独特的绘画风格引起了多家画廊的注意。) (二)核心含义2:引起(情感、反应等) 搭配:attract + 情感/反应(如 admiration, criticism, support) 例句1:His kindness and honesty attracted the admiration of everyone around him.(他的善良和诚实赢得了周围所有人的敬佩。) 例句2:The policy to cut public funding attracted a lot of criticism from local residents.(削减公共资金的政策引起了当地居民的诸多批评。) (三)特殊含义3:(物理)吸引(指因磁场、重力等产生的“吸引”) 搭配:attract + 物体(如 metal, particles) 例句:Magnets attract iron nails—you can see the nails stick to the magnet easily.(磁铁能吸引铁钉,你能看到钉子很容易粘在磁铁上。) 63.rugby 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:核心作名词(n.),主要指“橄榄球运动”或“橄榄球”,无动词词性。 2. 核心搭配: 运动相关:play rugby(打橄榄球)、rugby match(橄榄球比赛)、rugby team(橄榄球队) 衍生概念:rugby field(橄榄球场)、rugby ball(橄榄球)、rugby player(橄榄球运动员) 3. 关联分类: 主要分支:Rugby Union(十五人制橄榄球,全球更普及)、Rugby League(十三人制橄榄球,英国、澳大利亚等较流行) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)核心含义1:橄榄球运动(一种对抗性团队运动,球员用手传球、带球跑,目标是将球达阵得分) 搭配1:参与/观看运动(play/watch + rugby) 例句1:He’s been playing rugby since he was in high school—he’s now on the university team.(他从高中就开始打橄榄球,现在是校队成员。) 搭配2:描述赛事/场景(rugby + 名词) 例句2:The final rugby match of the national championship will be held in the capital stadium next Sunday.(全国橄榄球锦标赛的决赛将于下周日在首都体育场举行。) (二)核心含义2:橄榄球(运动中使用的球,通常为椭圆形,外皮坚硬,便于抓握和传递) 搭配:动作 + rugby (ball) 例句:The coach asked the players to practice passing the rugby quickly to improve their teamwork.(教练让球员们练习快速传递橄榄球,以提升团队配合。) (三)补充背景:地域与文化关联 橄榄球起源于英国,在英联邦国家(如英国、澳大利亚、新西兰)及法国、日本等国极为流行,新西兰的“全黑队”(All Blacks)是全球知名的橄榄球队,赛前的“哈卡舞”(Haka)是其标志性仪式。 64.calligraphy 一、单词基础信息 1. 词性:核心作名词(n.),指“书法;书法艺术”,无动词词性。 2. 核心搭配: 描述类型:Chinese calligraphy(中国书法)、brush calligraphy(毛笔书法)、western calligraphy(西方书法) 动作/场景:practice calligraphy(练书法)、learn calligraphy(学书法)、a calligraphy exhibition(书法展览) 3. 衍生/关联词: 名词:calligrapher(书法家)、calligraphic(形容词,书法的,如 calligraphic works 书法作品) 工具关联:calligraphy brush(毛笔)、calligraphy ink(墨汁)、calligraphy paper(宣纸) 二、单词常用含义、搭配与例句 (一)核心含义1:(广义)书法艺术(指用笔墨、钢笔等工具书写文字的艺术形式,注重字体美感与笔法) 搭配1:地域/风格+ calligraphy 例句1:Japanese calligraphy, influenced by Chinese calligraphy, has its own unique style of simplicity.(受中国书法影响的日本书法,有着自身简约的独特风格。) 搭配2:动作+ calligraphy 例句2:She spends an hour every evening practicing calligraphy to calm her mind after work.(下班后,她每天晚上花一小时练书法来平复心情。) (二)核心含义2:(狭义)书法作品(指通过书法艺术创作出来的成品) 搭配:数量/属性+ calligraphy 例句1:The old man donated three pieces of precious calligraphy to the local museum.(这位老人向当地博物馆捐赠了三幅珍贵的书法作品。) 例句2:The invitation card was designed with elegant calligraphy, making it look very formal.(邀请函用雅致的书法设计,显得十分正式。) (三)补充背景:文化意义 中国书法是世界非物质文化遗产,核心字体包括楷书、行书、草书、隶书、篆书,不仅是书写方式,更承载着传统文化与美学思想,是中国文化的重要符号之一。 ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit1 Back to school单词变形(衍生词)以及固定搭配 知识清单-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第一册
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Unit1 Back to school单词变形(衍生词)以及固定搭配 知识清单-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第一册
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Unit1 Back to school单词变形(衍生词)以及固定搭配 知识清单-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第一册
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