2026届高考英语语法填空外刊阅读及练习03

2026届高考英语语法填空之外刊阅读03 A France to build new aircraft carrier:Macron French President Emmanuel Macron announced on Sunday the launch of development and construction work on the French Navy's future aircraft carrier,a move he described as a decisive step to reinforce the county's maritime power. "In accordance with the last two military programming laws and after a thorough and careful review,I have decided to equip France with a new aircraft carrier.The decision to launch this major program was made this week,"Macron said while addressing French armed forces stationed in the United Arab Emirates. The future aircraft carrier is intended to replace the existing Charles de Gaulle and is scheduled to enter service in 2038,reported French daily Le Figaro 一、文章主目.本文讲述马克龙宣布法国启动新型航母的研发建造，该航母计划2038年服役以替换“戴高乐”号，旨在强 化法国海上力量。 二、单词、短语归纳 l.aircraft carrier:.航空母舰 2.announce.宣布 3.launch n.启动；发起 4.development n.研发；发展 5.construction n.建造；施工 6.nayn.海军 7.future adj.未来的 8.nove n.举措 9.describe v.描述 10.decisive adj..决定性的 11.step n.步骤 12.reinforce v.加强；强化 13.maritime adj..海上的；海事的 14.power n.力量；实力 15.Emmanuel Macron..埃马纽埃尔.马克龙（人名) 16.decisive step.决定性步骤 17.maritime power.海上力量 18.in accordance with.按照；根据 19.military adj.军事的 20.programming n.规划 21.lawn.法律 22.military programming laws.军事规划法 23.thorough adj..全面的 24.careful adj.仔细的 25.review n.审查 26.equip v.配备；装备 27.major adj..重大的 28.program n.项目 29.make v.做出（决定） 30.address v.向...发表讲话 31.armed forces.武装部队32.station v.驻扎 33.United Arab Emirates.阿拉伯联合酋长国（国家名） 34.intend v.打算；计划 35.replace v.取代 36.existing adj..现存的；现役的 37.Charles de Gaulle..戴高乐号（航母名） 38.schedule v.计划；安排 39.enter service.服役 40.daily n.日报 41.Le Figaro.《费加罗报》（法国报纸名） 三、长难句分析 1.French President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of the research and construction of a new aircraft carrier of the French Navy on Sunday,which he regarded as a decisive measure to strengthen France's maritime power French President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of the research and construction of a new aircraft carrier of the French Navy on Sunday,主谓宾结构，主语为French President Emmanuel Macron,谓语动词为announced,宾语为the launch.on Sunday多个介词短语of the research and construction..of the French Navy层层修饰宾语中心词the launch;定 语从句.which he regarded as a decisive measure to strengthen France's maritime power,由关系代词which引导，指代前面整 句话的内容，to strengthen France's maritime power是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰measure。 翻译法国总统埃马纽埃尔.马克龙于周日宣布启动法国海军新型航空母舰的研发与建造工作，他称此举是强化法国海上力 量的决定性举措。 2.The decision was made after a comprehensive and careful review in accordance with the military planning laws of the past two years,and the new aircraft carrier is scheduled to enter service in 2038 to replace the existing Charles de Gaulle. 句子结构.由并列连词and连接的两个并列分句；第一个分句.The decision was made after a comprehensive and careful review in accordance with the military planning laws of the past two years,被动语态，after a comprehensive and careful review是时间 状语，in accordance with..the past two years是方式状语，说明决定作出的依据；第二个分句.he new aircraft carrier is scheduled to enter service in 2038 to replace the existing Charles de Gaulle,to replace the existing Charles de Gaulle 语作目的状语，说明新航母服役的目的。 翻译，该决定是依据近两年的车事规划法，经全面审慎审查后作出的，新航母计划于2038年服役，用以取代现役的“戴高 乐”号航母。 四、全文翻译 马克龙法国将建造新航母 法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙于周日宣布，启动法国海军新一代航空母舰的研发与建造工作，他称此举是强化本国海 上力量的决定性一步。 “根据最近两部军事规划法，并经过全面细致的审查后，我决定为法国配备一艘新的航空母舰。启动这一重大项目的 决定已于本周作出。”马克龙在向驻扎于阿联酋的法国武装部队发表讲话时如是说道。 据法国《费加罗报》报道，这艘新一代航母将取代现役的“戴高乐号，计划于2038年正式服役。 B Venezuela denounces US seizure of another oil tanker The Venezuelan government on Saturday denounced what it called a new "theft and kidnapping"of a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil,along with the forced disappearance of its crew,allegedly carried out by US military forces in international waters. Authorities described the incident as an act of piracy that seriously violated international law and undermined fundamental principles of freedom of navigation and maritime trade. According to an official statement,the action breached international legal instruments protecting maritime safety,as well as core norms enshrined in the UN Charter and other multilateral conventions. US Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem said Saturday that US forces seized the vessel off the Venezuelan coast earlier in the day. This is the second time in recent weeks that the United States has seized a tanker near Venezuela amid a large US military build-up in the region. The seizure also comes just days after US President Donald Trump ordered a blockade of all US-sanctioned oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela. 一、文章主自：本文讲述委内瑞拉政府周六谴责美国军方在国际水域扣押一艘载有委石油的私人油轮、导致船员失联的行 为，认为此举属海盗行径且违反国际法；美方证实实施了扣押，这是近期美国在委附近第二次扣押油轮，此前特朗普还下 令封锁涉美制裁的委油轮。 二、单词、短语归纳 1.denounce v.谴责 2.seize v.扣押；没收 3.oil tanker.油轮 4.government n.政府 5.theft n.盗 6.kidnap v.劫持；绑架 7.private adj..私人的 8.vessel n.船只 9.transport v.运输 10.oiln.石 11.force v.强迫 12.disappearance n.失踪 l3.forced disappearance被迫失踪 14.crew n.船员 15.military adj..军事的 16.force n.部队 17.international adj.国际的 l8.water n.水域 l9.international waters国际水域 20.authority n.官方；当局 21.describe v.描述 22.incident n.事件 23.actn.行为 24.piracy n.海盗行为 25.seriously adv.严重地 26.violate v.违反 27.lawn.法律 28.undermine v.破坏；削弱 29.fundamental adj.基本的 30.principle n.原则 31.freedom n.自由 32.navigation n.航行 33.freedom of navigation航行自由 34.maritime adj..海上的 35.trade n.贸易 36.maritime trade海上贸易 37.official adj.官方的 38.statement n.声明 39.action n.行动 40.breach v.违反 41.legal adj.法律的 42.instrument n.文书 43.international legal instruments..国际法律文书 44.protect v..保护 45.safety n.安全 46.core adj.核心的 47.nomn.准则 48.enshrine v.载入；铭记 49.charter n.宪章 50.UN Charter联合国宪章 5l.multilateral adj.多边的 52.convention n.公约 53.multilateral conventions多边公约 54.secretary n.部长；秘书 55.homeland n.国土 56.security n.安全 57.Homeland Security.国土安全部 58.coast n.海岸 59.region n.地区 60.recent adj..近期的 6l.week r.周 62.build-upn.集结；增加 63.military build-up.军事集结 64.order v.下令 65.blockade n.封锁 66.sanction v.制裁 67.US-sanctioned.受美国制裁的 68.enter v.进入 69.leave v.离开 三、长难句分析 1.The Venezuelan government on Saturday denounced what it called a new"theft and kidnapping"of a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil,along with the forced disappearance of its crew,allegedly carried out by US military forces in international waters. 主句核心：The Venezuelan government..…denounced what..,主谓宾结构，主语为The Venezuelan government,谓语是 denounced,宾语是由what引导的宾语从句：宾语从句：what it called a new"theft and kidnapping'"of a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil,what在从句中作called的宾语，trans即orting Venezuelan oil是现在分词短语作后置定语，修 饰vessel;附加成分：along with the forced disappearance of its crew是介词短语作伴随状语；allegedly carried out by US military forces in international waters是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的heft and kidnapping”,说明该行为的实施者 和地点。 翻译：委内瑞拉政府于周六谴责了美方对一艘运送委石油的私人油轮实施的新一轮“盗窃与劫持”行为，同时谴责美方造成 油轮船员被迫失踪，委方称该行为据称是美军在国际水域实施的。 2.Authorities described the incident as an act of piracy that seriously violated intemational law and undermined fundamental principles of freedom of navigation and maritime trade. 主句：Authorities described the incident as a1 act of piracy,主谓宾+宾补结构，describe...as..是固定搭配，意为‘把.描 述为...”；定语从句：that seriously violated international law and undermined fundamental principles of freedom of navigation and maritime trade,由关系代词that引导，修饰先行词an act of piracy;从句中violated和undermined是并列谓语，of freedom of navigation and maritime trade是介词短语作后置定语，修饰principles。 翻译：委内瑞拉有关部门将这一事件定性为海盗行为，认为其严重违反国际法，且破坏了航行自由与海上贸易的基本原则。 四、全文翻译 委内瑞拉谴贵美国再度扣押其油轮 委内瑞拉政府于周六谴责了美方对一艘运送委石油的私人油轮实施的新一轮“盗窃与劫持”行为，同时谴责美方造成油 轮船员被迫失踪，委方称该行为据称是美车在国际水域实施的。 委内瑞拉有关部门将这一事件定性为海盗行为，认为其严重违反国际法，且破坏了航行自由与海上贸易的基本原则。 根据官方声明，美方的这一行为违反了保护海上安全的国际法律文书，也违背了《联合国宪章》及其他多边公约中所 载的核心准则。 美国国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆周六表示，美军已于当日早些时候在委内瑞拉海岸附近扣押了这艘油轮。 这是近几周来，在美国向该地区大规模增兵的背景下，美方第二次在委内瑞拉附近扣押油轮。 此次扣押事件发生的数天前，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普刚下令对所有受美国制裁、进出委内瑞拉的油轮实施封锁。 2026届高考英语语法填空之外刊阅读配套练习题 一、文章单词填空 1.French President Emmanuel Macron________(v.宣布)the launch of development work on the new aircraft carrier. 2.The move is a________(adj.决定性的)step to reinforce France's maritime power. 3.We need to________(v.强化)our maritime defense capabilities. 4.The new carrier is set to________(v.取代)the existing Charles de Gaulle. 5.The project is________(v.计划)to be completed in 2038. 6.The Venezuelan government________(v.谴责)the US seizure of its oil tanker in international waters. 7.The US military________(v.扣押)a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil near its coast. 8.Such an act seriously________(v.违反)international law and maritime norms. 9.The incident has________(v.破坏)the fundamental principles of freedom of navigation. 10.The US president________(v.下令)a blockade of oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela. 二、短语翻译 1.in accordance with___________ 2.freedom of navigation___________ 3.maritime trade___________ 三、选短语填空 A 短语库：launch a program,make a decision,address the armed forces 1.The government________to build new military equipment last week. 2.After careful review,the president________to invest in naval construction. 3.Macron________stationed in the United Arab Emirates yesterday. B 短语库：in accordance with,breach international law,enshrine in 1.The US action is believed to________and damage maritime security. 2.The core principles of the UN are________the UN Charter and other conventions. 3.________international rules,all countries should respect freedom of navigation. 四、语法填空 A French President Emmanuel Macron announced on Sunday the launch of the research and construction of a new aircraft carrier for the French Navy, a move he regarded as a decisive step 1 (reinforce) France's maritime power. The decision was made in accordance 2 the military programming laws of the past two years and after a comprehensive and careful review. Macron made the announcement while he 3 (address) the French armed forces stationed in the United Arab Emirates. As 4 (report) by Le Figaro, a well-known French daily newspaper, the new carrier is intended to replace the existing Charles de Gaulle. It 5 (schedule) to enter service in 2038, which will mark a new era for France's naval defense. This project is not only a key part of France's military modernization 6 also a symbol of its ambition to maintain its status as a major maritime power. The new aircraft carrier, 7 design and construction will take more than a decade, is expected to be equipped with advanced technologies. 8 (ensure) the smooth progress of the project, the French government will allocate sufficient funds and resources. Experts believe that the new carrier will play 9 vital role in protecting France's overseas interests and strengthening its influence in the international maritime community. With this new project, France is sending a clear message to the world 10 it is committed to safeguarding its national security and maritime rights. 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________ B The Venezuelan government on Saturday denounced a new"theft and kidnapping"of a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil,along with the forced disappearance of its crew,allegedly carried out by US military forces 1 international waters. Authorities described the incident 2 an act of piracy that seriously violated international law and undermined fundamental principles of freedom of navigation and maritime trade.They stressed that the US action was a serious breach of international legal instruments 3 (design)to protect maritime safety. As 4 (confirm)by the US Department of Homeland Security,the US military seized the tanker near Venezuela's coast early on Saturday.This is the second time in recent weeks that the US 5 (seize)a tanker in the area, 6 (follow)a large-scale US military build-up in the region. Just a few days before the incident,US President Donald Trump 7 (order)a blockade of all oil tankers entering or leaving Venezuela under US sanctions.The new aircraft carrier, 8 design and construction will take more than a decade,is expected to be equipped with advanced technologies. 9 (ensure)the smooth progress of the project,the French government will allocate sufficient funds and resources.Experts believe that the new carrier will play 10 vital role in protecting France's overseas interests and strengthening its influence in the international maritime community. 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________ C World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th,a day 1 (aim)to raise global awareness about environmental protection.This year's theme focuses on the urgent need 2 (restore)ecosystems that 3 (damage)by human activities over the past decades. In many parts of the world,governments and NGOs are taking action.For example,China 4 (launch)a nationwide afforestation program years ago, 5 has greatly improved the country's forest coverage rate.Ordinary citizens are also playing their part:they choose public transport 6 driving private cars and reduce the use of disposable plastic products. 7 is important to realize that small daily actions can make a big difference.As the saying goes,"Many hands make light work." 8 we all join hands in protecting the environment,we can create a greener and healthier planet for future generations. Experts remind us that environmental protection is 9 long-term task,not a one-time campaign.Every step we take today will contribute to 10 sustainable future for all living things on Earth. 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2026届高考英语语法填空之外刊阅读配套练习题 一、文章单词填空 1.French President Emmanuel Macron (v.)the launch of development work on the new aircraft carrier. 2.The move is a_ (adj.决定性的)step to reinforce France's maritime power. 3.We need to_ (w.强化)our maritime defense capabilities. 4.The new carrier is set to (.取代)the existing Charles de Gaulle. 5.The project is_ (w.计划)to be completed in2038. 6.The Venezuelan government (v.)the US seizure of its oil tanker in international waters. 7.The US military. (v.)a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil near its coast. 8.Such an act seriously (v.违反)international law and maritime norms. 9.The incident has (v.)the fundamental principles of freedom of navigation. 10.The US president (v.)a blockade of oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela. 二、短语翻译 1.in accordance with 2.freedom of navigation 3.maritime trade 三、选短语填空 短语库：launch a program,make a decision,address the armed forces 1.The government to build new military equipment last week. 2.After careful review,the president to invest in naval construction. 3.Macron_ stationed in the United Arab Emirates yesterday. B 短语库：in accordance with,breach international law,enshrine in 1.The US action is believed to and damage maritime security. 2.The core principles of the UN are the UN Charter and other conventions. 3. international rules,all countries should respect freedom of navigation. 四、语法填空 A French President Emmanuel Macron announced on Sunday the launch of the research and construction of a new aircraft carrier for the French Navy,a move he regarded as a decisive step1(reinforce)France's maritime power. The decision was made in accordance2 the military programming laws of the past two years and after a comprehensive and careful review.Macron made the announcement while he 3 (address)the French armed forces stationed in the United Arab Emirates. As_4(report)by Le Figaro,a well-known French daily newspaper,the new carrier is intended to replace the existing Charles de Gaulle.It5(schedule)to enter service in 2038,which will mark a new era for France's naval defense. This project is not only a key part of France's military modernization 6 also a symbol of its ambition to maintain its status as a major maritime power.The new aircraft carrier,7design and construction will take more than a decade,is expected to be equipped with advanced technologies. 8(ensure)the smooth progress of the project,the French government will allocate sufficient funds and resources. Experts believe that the new carrier will play 9 vital role in protecting France's overseas interests and strengthening its influence in the international maritime community. With this new project,France is sending a clear message to the world10 it is committed to safeguarding its national security and maritime rights. 5. 8 10. 小 The Venezuelan govemment on Saturday denounced a new"theft and kidnapping"of a private vessel transporting Venezuelan oil,along with the forced disappearance of its crew,allegedly carried out by US military forces1 international waters. Authorities described the incident 2an act of piracy that seriously violated international law and undermined fundamental principles of freedom of navigation and maritime trade.They stressed that the US action was a serious breach of international legal instruments3(design)to protect maritime safety. As4 (confirm)by the US Department of Homeland Security,the US military seized the tanker near Venezuela's coast early on Saturday.This is the second time in recent weeks that the US 5 (seize)a tanker in the area,6 (follow)a large-scale US military build-up in the region. Just a few days before the incident,US President Donald Trump 7 (order)a blockade of all oil tankers entering or leaving Venezuela under US sanctions.The new aircraft carrier,8 design and construction will take more than a decade,is expected to be equipped with advanced technologies. 9 (ensure)the smooth progress of the project,the French government will allocate sufficient funds and resources.Experts believe that the new carrier will play10 vital role in protecting France's overseas interests and strengthening its influence in the international maritime community. 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9. 10. C World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th,a day1(aim)to raise global awareness about environmental protection.This year's theme focuses on the urgent need2(restore)ecosystems that 3(damage)by human activities over the past decades. In many parts of the world,governments and NGOs are taking action.For example,China_4(launch)a nationwide afforestation program years ago,5 has greatly improved the country's forest coverage rate.Ordinary citizens are also playing their part:they choose public transport 6 driving private cars and reduce the use of disposable plastic products. 7 is important to realize that small daily actions can make a big difference.As the saying goes,"Many hands make light work."8 we all join hands in protecting the environment,we can create a greener and healthier planet for future generations. Experts remind us that environmental protection is 9 long-term task not a one-time campaign.Every step we take today will contribute to 10 sustainable future for all living things on Earth. 1 2 3. 4. 6. 7 8. 9 10.参考答案 一、文章单词填空 1.announced 2.decisive 3.reinforce 4.replace 5.scheduled 6.denounced 7.seized 8.violates 9.undermined 10.ordered 二、短语翻译 1.按照；根据 2.航行自由 3.海上贸易 三、选短语填空 A 1.launched a program 易错点：易误填launches a program,忽略过去时间状语的时态要求。 2.made a decision 易错点：易误填make a decision,忽略时态；或误填draw a conclusion,混淆短语语义。 3.addressed the armed forces 易错点：易误填address to the armed forces,忽略address作“发表讲话'时是及物动词，无需加介词to。 B 1.breach international law 易错点：易误填breaches international law,忽略to后接动词原形的要求。 2.enshrined in 易错点：易误填enshrine in,忽略被动关系的表达。 3.In accordance with 易错点：易误填According with,混淆in accordance with和according to的固定搭配形式。 四、语法填空 A 1.to reinforce 解析：考查不定式作后置定语。名词step后常用不定式短语作后置定语，用来明确该步骤的目的，因此填to reinforce。 易错点g易误填reinforcing,忽略step后接不定式表目的的固定用法。 2.with 解析：考查固定介词搭配。in accordance with是固定短语，意为按照；依据'，属于高考高频考点短语，因此填with。 易错点：易误填to,混淆介词搭配，英语中不存在in accordance to这种表达。 3.was addressing 解析：考查过去进行时。whil引导时间状语从句时，常强调主句动作发生的同时，从句动作正在进行：主句用一般过去 时，从句需用过去进行时，主语为he,因此填was addressing。. 易错点：易误填addressed,忽略while对从句时态的限定作用。 4.reported 解析：考查过去分词作状语。as在此处引导方式状语，从句逻辑主语与report之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式表被 动，因此填reported。 易错点：易误填reporting,混淆分词作状语时主动和被动关系的判断。 5.is scheduled 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。be scheduled to do是固定搭配，意为“计划做某事'；本句陈述的是客观计划，用一般 现在时，主语it指代新航母，与schedule为被动关系，因此填is scheduled。 易错点：易误填schedules或scheduled.,忽略该短语的被动语态结构。 6,but 解析：考查并列连词固定搭配。not only.but also.是高考高频并列结构，用来连接两个并列的表语，因此填but。 易错点：易误填d,混淆并列结构的固定搭配形式。 7.whose 解析：考查关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为the new aircraft carrier,定语从句中需要修饰名词design and construction,表示所属关系，因此填关系代词whose。. 易错点：易误填which,忽略which无法在定语从句中作定语表所属的用法。 8.To ensure 解析：考查不定式作目的状语。此处用不定式短语置于句首，明确法国政府划拨资金和资源的目的，因此填To ensure。 易错点g易误填Ensuring,忽略不定式作目的状语的功能，现在分词作状语一般表伴随或结果。 9.a 解析：考查不定冠词的固定搭配。play a vital role in是固定短语，意为“在..中发挥重要作用”，vital以辅音音素开头， 因此填不定冠词a。 易错点：易误填the,混淆定冠词和不定冠词在固定短语中的用法。 10.that 解析：考查同位语从句引导词。从句it is committed to..maritime rights是对抽象名词message的内容进行解释说明，属 于同位语从句；从句句意完整、成分齐全，因此填引导词hat。 易错点：易误填which,忽略which不能引导同位语从句的语法规则。 B 1.in 解析：考查介词固定搭配。in international waters是固定搭配，意为“在国际水域'，表示在某一水域范围内用介词in。 易错点&易误填o,0n一殷用于表示“在..…表面上”，不符合水域的搭配逻辑。 2.as 解析：考查介词固定搭配。describe..as.是高考高频固定搭配，意为把..描述为..”，故填as。 易错点g易误填for,混淆describe as和mistake for等类似短语的介词搭配。 3.designed 解析：考查过去分词作后置定语。句子已有谓语动词was,此处用非谓语动词；international legal instruments与design是 被动关系，需用过去分词designed表被动，作后置定语修饰名词。 易错点：易误填designing,忽略逻辑上的被动关系：或误填to design,不定式作定语多表未发生的动作。 4.confirmed 解析：考查过去分词作状语。as引导方式状语，从句逻辑主语与confirm是被动关系，用过去分词confirmed表被动， 相当于as it was confirmed。. 易错点：易误填confirming,混淆非谓语动词的主动和被动用法。 5.has seized 解析：考查现在完成时的固定句型。This is the+序数词+time+that从句是高考高频句型，从句需用现在完成时；主 语the US视为单数，故填has seized。. 易错点：易误填seized,忽略该固定句型对从句时态的要求。 6.following 解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。句子已有谓语动词is,此处用非谓语动词：his指代前面的扣押事件，与follow是 主动关系，用现在分词following表伴随。 易错点：易误填followed.,忽略逻辑上的主动关系。 7.ordered 考查一般过去时 原文依据：对应“美国总统唐纳德·特期普刚下令对油轮实施封锁” 解析：“下令”这一动作发生在过去，且有时间状语Just a few days before the incident提示，用一般过去时，故填or'dered。 易错点：易误填had ordered,该动作无明显“过去的过去”的时间对比，无需用过去完成时。 8.whose 解析：考查关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是the new aircraft carrier,定语从句中需修饰名词design and construction表所属关系，故填关系代词whose。 易错点g易误填which,which在定语从句中多作主语或宾语，不能作定语表所属。 9.To ensure 解析：考查不定式作目的状语。此处用不定式短语置于句首，明确法国政府划拨资金的目的，故填To ensure。 易错点：易误填Ensuring,现在分词作状语多表伴随或结果，不表目的。 10.a 解析：考查不定冠词的固定搭配。play a vital role in是固定短语，意为“在…中发挥重要作用”；vital以辅音音素开头， 故填不定冠词a。 易错点：易误填the,混淆定冠词和不定冠词在该固定短语中的用法。 C 1.aiming 解析：考查现在分词作后置定语。句子已有谓语动词is celebrated,此处用非谓语动词；aday与aim是主动关系，用现 在分词aiming作后置定语，相当于which aims。. 易错点：易误填aimed,忽略逻辑上的主动关系；或误填to aim,不定式作定语多表未发生的动作。 2.to restore 解析：考查不定式作后置定语。need后常用不定式作后置定语，表“做某事的需求”，故填to restore。 易错点：易误填restoring,忽略need后接不定式的固定用法。 3.have been damaged 解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。over the past decades是现在完成时的标志词；ecosystems与damage是被动关系， 故用现在完成时的被动语态have been damaged。. 易错点：易误填were damaged,.忽略时间状语对时态的限定；或误填have damaged,忽略被动关系。 4.launched 解析：考查一般过去时。year'sago是一般过去时的标志词，谓语动词用过去式launched。 易错点：易误填has launched.,混淆一般过去时和现在完成时的时间状语。 5.which 解析：考查关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是a nationwide afforestation program,非限制性定语从句中缺主语， 用关系代词which引导。 易错点g易误填that,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 6.over 解析：考查介词固定搭配。choose.over.是固定搭配，意为选择...而不选择...”，故填over。 易错点：易误填instead of,instead of是介词短语，不能直接接在动词choose后。 7.It 解析：考查it作形式主语。句子真正的主语是to realize that..不定式短语，用it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻。 易错点：易误填That,That引导主语从句时不能作形式主语。 8.If 解析：考查从属连词引导条件状语从句。空格后是主句的前提条件，用从属连词f引导条件状语从句。 易错点：易误填When,When引导时间状语从句，不符合语境逻辑。 9.a 解析：考查不定冠词的用法。task是可数名词单数，且long-tem以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 易错点：易误填the,此处无特指含义，不用定冠词。 10.a 解析：考查不定冠词的用法。future在此处是可数名词单数，表“一种...的未来”，且sustainable以辅音音素开头，故 填a。 易错点：易误填the,此处不表特指，不用定冠词。