Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning About Language & Using Language 配套练习-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage.第2课时 2 Learning About Language & Using Language.配套练习 Part1 基础过关 一、根据不同语境写出划线词语的意思。 1.(1)Millennials and Generation Z，in particular，prioritize environmental responsibility and prefer to support businesses that demonstrate a commitment to sustainability. ______ (2) Time commitment：A minimum of one school term(3-4 months) or 4-8 weeks during the summer available for weekday and weekend classes. ______ (3) International Nurses Day is observed every year on May 12th, which honors nurses for their commitment to medical health and service. ______ 2.(1) Waves and tides are rough all the time and that's why it is hard for him to swim across the Channel. ________ (2)The mini-robots turned the plastic's smooth surface into a rough one so that more plastic waste could be collected. ________ (3) Mayen's journey to becoming a software developer was rough, during which he faced many obstacles. ________________ 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The origin of tea is lost among history and legend and what can be ________(rough) confirmed is that tea originated in southwest China. 2.For the sake of your safety, it is strongly recommended that strength training should be done under the _________ (guide) of your coach. 3.Asian elephants are loyal ___ their home areas, unless there are major changes to the environment, a loss of resources or development. 4.She appeared in The Cove, a documentary aiming at highlighting the _______ (cruel) of dolphin hunting. 5.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like the one __________(advertise) as lost in the local paper. 6.The __________ (fortune) struck Ukraine when a war broke out, causing widespread destruction and displacement of its citizens. 三、根据提示完成句子。 1.在志愿者面试中被拒绝后，杰克很沮丧。(turn down) Jack was discouraged _______________________________________________. 2.在患病期间，韦恩一直在画她的猫，以此来振奋精神。(keep...up) Over the course of her illness, Wain drew her cat _____________________________. 3.做好准备，以便有事你可以马上出发。(set off) Get prepared ____________________________________________________. 4.一切都很顺利，直到杰夫开始烤面包。(go smoothly) _____________________________ until Jeff started frying the bread. 5.我们应该停止使用塑料袋，因为塑料袋在燃烧时会释放有害气体。(give off) It's high time we stopped using plastic bags, as they ___________________________________. Part2 语法过关 四、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The number of visitors _______________(rise) steadily since the tourist attraction reopened this year, despite a sharp decline compared to normal years. 2.Since the time humankind started gardening,we ________________(try) to make our environment more beautiful. 3.Although our living standards ____________________(improve) all the time,on the whole the housing purchase remains a big burden to many families. 4.We ______________________________ (reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years, but cars are still the major source of them. 5.That's the third time he's won the award in this field. He __________________ (explore) his maximum potential in the past decade. 五、语法填空 What is the secret ingredient of tough people that enables them to succeed? Why do they survive the tough times when others are overcome by them? Why do they win when others lose? The answer is very simple. It's all in 1._____ they perceive their problems. Yes, every living person has problems. A problem-free life is 2.____ illusion — a mirage (海市蜃楼) in the desert. Accept that fact. Life has its ups and downs, its peaks and its 3._______ (valley). No one is up all the time, 4.__________ are they down all the time. You may not have chosen your tough time, but you can choose how you will react to it. Would it be the reaction to escape and run away? Escape 5.________ alcohol, drug or suicide? No! Such negative reactions only produce greater problems by 6.__________ (promise) a temporary “solution” to the pressing problem. The positive solution to a problem may require courage 7.__________ (initiate) it. When you control your reaction to the seemingly 8._____________ (controllable) problem of life, then in fact you do control the problem's effect on you. Your reaction to the problem is the last word! That's the bottom line. In the final analysis, the tough people who survive the tough times do so because they've chosen to react 9.__________ (positive) to their tough times. Tough times never last, but tough people do. Tough people stick it out. History teaches us that every problem has a lifespan. No problem is permanent. Storms always give way to the sun. Winter always turns into springtime. Your storm will pass. Your winter will pass. Your problem 10.______________ (solve). Part3 阅读过关 六、阅读理解 A It's very common for students' grades to experience a decline upon entering high school. Different teenagers deal with the new-found pressures differently, and while some tend to rise to the challenge, others can become overwhelmed (不知所措的) by stress. An interesting study conducted at the University of Texas has found that students' views on learning and intelligence mindsets can make all the difference when it comes to fighting academic stress. The research team set out to learn why some students overcame the stressful transition (过渡) into high school and some struggled to maintain their academic skills and standards. Their findings pointed to a direct relationship between a student's learning mindset and their stress resilience, especially when grades begin to decline. More specifically, students' learning mindsets were defined as whether they considered intelligence a fixed characteristic that everyone is born with, or a constantly growing one that can be improved over time. In all, 499 ninth-graders from two public high schools in Texas were surveyed during their first term. Researchers assessed each student's perceptions of intelligence, and asked each participant to fill out daily surveys on their academic stress levels. The results showed that 68% of students saw a decline in their grades during the first 12 weeks of high school. Those worsening grades, however, didn't cause a higher stress response for everyone. It turned out that worsening grades only caused greater stress responses in students who showed signs of a fixed intelligence mindset, while students with a growth mindset were able to bounce back much more quickly. Researchers theorize this is because these students are more active in solving academic issues, for example, by clarifying lessons with teachers after class if they don't understand a particular topic. “Declining grades may get ‘under the skin' for high school students,” explains lead author Hae Yeon Lee. “But believing that intelligence can be developed or having what is called a growth mindset can reduce the effects of academic stress.” 1.What does the underlined word “resilience” in paragraph 2 probably mean?( ) A.The feeling of being stressed. B.The state of being very intelligent. C.The process of learning new things. D.The ability to recover from difficulties. 2.How did the researcher conduct the study?( ) A.By observational study in classroom settings. B.By experimental study with controlled variables. C.By survey-based study with daily assessments. D.By case study focusing on individual students. 3.What can be inferred about students with a fixed intelligence mindset?( ) A.They are more likely to seek help from teachers. B.They are less likely to experience academic stress. C.They tend to give up easily when facing challenges. D.They are more likely to improve their grades quickly. 4.What is the best title of the text?( ) A.The Common Phenomenon of Grade Decline in High School B.Ways to Improve High School Students' Academic Performance C.Fixed Intelligence: The Root of Worsening Grades for Students D.Growth Mindset: A Key to Handling Academic Stress in High School B In most cases, people pick the easiest way out: the path of least resistance. Yet, it is the hard choice — the path of most resistance — that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run. How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards for a hard life? How do you start taking the path of most resistance? Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option, with little regard for its long-term consequences. For example, you eat whatever you like, whenever you like, and in whatever amount you like. You may feel nice at first but all of them have a very steep price. In that case, it's guaranteed obesity. Most people in modern world follow this path and this is why so many people struggle with a lack of self-discipline, good habits, etc. The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth, even if it means suffering in the early stage of the process. For example, it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours on end. But over the long term, you'll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying life than that of a couch potato. At first sight, this approach is unappealing. It requires effort and loss of pleasure, and leads to potential suffering. Yet, on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence, self-discipline and mental resilience(恢复力). In the end, they more than make up for the fleeting superficial pleasure. We're lazy by nature. Some may point out that it is because of this tendency that we now enjoy so many wonders of technology that people in the past would kill to have. But ask the same individuals praising laziness if they would be happy to live a life where everything is given to them the moment they think about it. They would have zero hardships, no objective in life and no obstacle to overcome and no wise human would want such an existence. 1.How does the author show the dangers of choosing the easy path?( ) A.By giving examples. B.By listing data. C.By making a comparison. D.By asking questions. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?( ) A.Watching TV for hours. B.Having few life struggles. C.Getting superficial pleasure. D.Choosing the path of most resistance. 3.Which of the following would the author agree to?( ) A.Life is to be enjoyed, not endured. B.Set your life goals as early as possible. C.There should be some challenges in life. D.Good habits provide short-term pleasures. 4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?( ) A.To prove the dangers of an easy life. B.To tell us humans are lazy by nature. C.To persuade us to challenge ourselves. D.To show approaches to overcoming obstacles. 七、七选五 Throughout history, the word “courage” has been associated with images of heroism — soldiers charging into battles, firefighters storming into burning buildings, or activists standing firm against unfairness. 1.___ It is a multi-dimensional virtue in our daily lives, a strength that helps us sail through the challenges in our life. 2.___ This is the bravery we see in those who put themselves in the line of fire to protect others. It's what enables a person to fight back against an attacker. It allows us to overcome our fears, pushing our bodies beyond our limits when necessary. Moral courage is where the inner strength of our principles is truly tested.3.___ Even when it's unpopular or carries personal risks, we remain committed to our values. Witnesses refusing to be threatened in a court of law or citizens standing up to severe injustice all demonstrate extraordinary moral courage. Finally, there is the courage of endurance and perseverance. This could be seen as the courage to keep training when every muscle in your body screams at you to stop. 4.___ Endurance and perseverance allow us to accomplish goals that may initially seem impossible. These forms of courage are interconnected to give strength to the human character. Courage does not mean the absence of fear.5.___ It is the quality that inspires awe(敬畏), yet exists within all of us, ready to be drawn out. Whether facing external dangers, maintaining our beliefs or dealing with our inner struggles, courage in its diverse forms is an essential element of a good and meaningful life. A.Fears are deep-seated. B.It is far from everyone. C.Instead, it is about defeating it. D.We should do what we know is right. E.It's the stubborn refusal to give in to difficulties. F.One of the most visible forms is physical courage. G.But it includes far more than just these extraordinary acts. 参考答案 一、承诺；投入；奉献；猛烈的；粗糙的；艰难的，艰苦的 二、roughly；guidance；to；cruelty；advertised；misfortune； 三、after he was turned down in the volunteer interview；as a way to keep her spirits up；so that you can set off immediately if something happens；Everything was going smoothly；give off harmful gases when burned 四、has been rising；have been trying；have been improving；have reduced/have been reducing；has been exploring 五、how；an；valleys；nor/neither；through；promising；to initiate；uncontrollable；positively；will be solved 六、DCCD ADCC 七、GFDEC ( 1 ) 学科网（北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $