Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语现在完成进行时核心知识点，系统梳理其概念（动作从过去持续到现在可能继续）、结构（have/has been doing）、四类用法（持续动作、刚结束动作、强调长久/感情、反复发生）及不能使用的情况（非延续性动词等），并通过对比表格衔接已学的现在完成时，构建时态学习支架。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，设计即时演练（如“她哭了很长时间”完成句子）巩固用法，对比表格清晰区分与现在完成时的差异（强调延续性vs结果），词汇拓展（cruel, guidance等）结合语境例句提升表达。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后练习题助力学生查漏补缺，强化时态运用能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 现在完成进行时 一、概念 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 二、结构 1．肯定形式：have/has＋been doing (第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you here. 我一直在这里等你。 2．否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He has not been giving enough attention to the safety of production, which may cause great crisis. 他一直未给予安全生产足够的关注，这或许会造成巨大的危机。 3．疑问句： Have/Has＋subject＋been＋present participle? 疑问词＋have/has ＋subject ＋been＋ present participle? Have you been making every effort to prepare for the important examination recently? 你最近一直在努力为这场重要的考试做准备吗？ 三、用法 1．表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，可能还要继续下去，通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 I have been learning English for 9 years with a good command of spoken and written English.(从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学) 我学英语已经9年了，拥有良好的英语口语和书面英语能力。 2．表示刚刚结束的动作，这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Looking back on the summer holiday, I have been preparing myself for the further study and life in senior high school. 回顾这个暑假，我一直在为自己在高中的进一步学习和生活做准备。 3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has been saying that twenty times. 那话她已经说了二十遍了。 4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month. 这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况 1．某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时，如hear，know，have，like，be等。 他已经感冒两个星期了。 (×)He has been having a cold for two weeks. (√)He has had a cold for two weeks. 2．不具有延续意义的动词，如finish，come，go，marry等，也不能用于现在完成进行时。 [即时演练1]　完成句子 ①我知道这些年你一直为此而努力，而且我确信你的努力最终会有回报的。 I know you have been working hard for this over the past years and I'm sure your efforts will finally pay off. ②她的眼睛红红的，显然她哭了很长时间。 Her eyes are red.It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. ③从上星期天开始就一直在下雪。 It has been snowing since last Sunday. 五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 　　　　　　时态 用法　　　　　　 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √ 强调动作的延续性 √ 强调动作重复 √ 表达生动，含有感情色彩 √ 说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √ I have been reading this book for two hours. 这本书我已经读了两个小时了。(延续性) I have read this book. 我看过这本书。(影响及结果) She has always been working like that. 她一直都是那样工作的。(赞许或批评) We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们经常见面。(动作重复) The students have prepared for the exam. 学生们已为考试做了准备。(陈述事实) [即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Although many measures have been taken (take), the world's economy is still going down. ②To start with, people have been cutting(cut) down trees for building houses, causing some animals to lose their habitats. ③I have been cleaning (clean) the windows since this morning. ④Since they were young, I have told (tell) my kids not to compare themselves with other people.(2025·北京卷) ⑤The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing (play) in the mud all the morning. ⑥By the time he realises he has walked (walk) into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it. cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 (1)be cruel to　对……残忍 (2)cruelly adv. 残忍地；残酷地 cruelty n. 残忍；残酷 [经典佳句]　Time passed, and he was beginning to feel safe.Years went by and the cruel law was abolished.(读后续写之动作描写) 时光流逝，他开始有了安全感。几年过去了，这项残酷的法律被废除了。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I held a party for my students, a party that celebrated kindness instead of cruelty(cruel)． ②The tramp had been cruelly (cruel) treated before she adopted him. ③我们人类对野生动物太残忍了，有些野生动物已经灭绝了。(应用文之发言稿) We human beings are cruel to wildlife, some of which have died out. unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地 fortune n. 机遇；运气；大笔钱，巨款 [经典佳句]　Unfortunately，he submitted himself to the temporary difficulty and he didn't achieve his goal. 不幸的是，他屈服于暂时的困难，没有实现他的目标。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The young man resolved to seek his fortune (fortunate) in that city, but in vain. ②I was late，but fortunately (fortune) the meeting hadn't started. ③我很幸运有这样一次宝贵的机会在活动中担任志愿者。 I am fortunate to have such a precious opportunity/ chance to serve as a volunteer in the activity. guidance n．指导；引导；导航 (1)under the guidance of sb/under one's guidance　在某人的指导下 (2)guide vt. 指导， 指引 　n. 导游 guide sb to someplace 领某人去某地 guide sb to do sth 指导某人做某事 [经典佳句]　To their relief, under the guidance of their father, they successfully made the breakfast. 令他们宽慰的是， 在爸爸的指导下， 他们成功地做完了早餐。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①“In a Go game, each move should serve a long­term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷) ②幸运的是，一位善良的学长出现了，在我迟到之前把我领到了我的教室。(应用文之感谢信) Luckily, a kind senior showed up and guided me to my classroom before I was late. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The two friends have been chatting(chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they will go on till next morning. 2．The telephone has been ringing(ring) in the office all the morning. 3．Lily has been considering(consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet. 4．She has been working(work) in Hong Kong since she graduated from university. 5．I feel very tired now.I have been cleaning(clean) the classroom for three hours. Ⅱ.使用本单元所学的语法翻译下面的语段。 Li Hong experienced a terrible earthquake and his home was destroyed completely in the disaster.Since then he 1.has been living with his relatives (他一直和亲戚住在一起) and studying in a village school.His teachers 2.have been encouraging(一直在鼓励) him to carry on.He 3.has improved greatly (已经提升巨大) in his study.In return for people's help, Li Hong 4.has been volunteering(一直在当志愿者) since then.Next year he 5.will graduate from (将要毕业) school and he intends to study medicine at university to assist more people. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $