内容正文:
第05讲 非谓语动词
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★考点一 动词不定式 3
★考点二 动名词 5
★考点三 分词 6
04 优题精选·练能提分 8
考点
课标要求
复习目标
动词不定式
· 掌握动词不定式的用法
1.系统复习并掌握非谓语动词的基本知识,强化在复杂语境中运用非谓语动词的能力;
2. 熟练动词不定式,动名词和分词的句法功能。
动名词
· 掌握动名词用法
分词
· 掌握分词的用法
命题预测
非谓语动词是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度:动词不定式,动名词和分词。
主要在单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写和语法填空中考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:根据“是否作谓语”判断非谓语动词
顾名思义,非谓语动词不能单独做谓语使用,如果该动词在句中不是作谓语那就是非谓语动词形式。
锦囊2:根据“固定搭配”判断
大部分非谓语动词搭配其他动词一起使用,例如want to do,want后面的不定式就是非谓语动词,简言之,如果该动词前有谓语动词,我们可以根据该动词前面的谓语动词判断应该用何种形式。
考点一 动词不定式
功能
例 句
说 明
主语
To swim here is dangerous.
在这儿游泳是危险的。
动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语, 常用句式的结构是: It’s +形容词+(for/of sb. )+to do sth.
表语
My job is to look after my sister.
我的工作是照看我妹妹。
多数情况下, 动词不定式作表语, 可转换为作主语
宾语
I want to be an actor.
我想成为一名
演员。
只能作某些动词的宾语(如want, hope, fail, expect, decide等), 一般不作介词的宾语
宾语
补足
语
She asked me to speak English.
她要求我说英语。
在一些感官动词和使役动词后, 不定式省略to, 如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, let, make, have(简记为: 一感二听三看三让)
定语
Do you have anything to say? 你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语, 要放在所修饰词的后面
状语
I come here to see you.
我来这里是为了见你。
不定式作状语, 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
【易错提醒】
此外, 不定式可以与疑问词连用, 用作主语、宾语、表语等。
When to start hasn’t been discussed.
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)
【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望(decide, determine, learn, wish, hope),
同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare, refuse, fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help),
提供请求负担起(offer, beg, demand, afford),
答应安排理应当(promise, arrange, be supposed),
以上后跟不定式, 劝君牢记永不忘。
1.(25-26六年级上·山东东营·期中)It’s time (say) goodbye.
2.(24-25七年级上·山东潍坊·期末)John refuses (race) without his brother.
3.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)—Would you like (go) hiking with me this Sunday?
—Yes. I’d love to.
4.(25-26九年级上·山东济南·月考)Although it was cloudy, the pilot tried his best to make the plane (land) safely on an island.
5.(25-26九年级上·山东济南·月考)There is no need (worry) too much about your study.
6.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)Flora would like (visit) her grandparents next month.
7.(25-26九年级上·山东·月考)A newspaper report seems (reflect) the view of most teenagers.
8.(25-26八年级上·山东济南·期中)Our teacher expects us (read) such traditional Chinese books.
考点二 动名词
功能
例 句
说 明
主语
Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。
谓语动词用单数
宾语
I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示习惯性的动作
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语
Bill is in the reading room.
比尔在阅览室里。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
【巧学妙记】
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
1.(24-25七年级上·山东潍坊·期末)We chat and relax in the yard with black tea and biscuits. It’s our way of (connect).
2.(25-26八年级上·山东济南·期中)You shouldn’t leave without (say) goodbye.
3.(25-26六年级上·山东烟台·期中)I don’t like (play) the guitar. I think it is difficult.
4.(25-26九年级上·山东·月考)Don’t eat sugar before (go) to bed. It’s bad for your teeth.
5.(25-26九年级上·山东·月考)East or West, home is best. That’s why more and more people prefer (visit) their parents to going traveling during holidays.
6.(25-26六年级上·山东滨州·期中)What about (watch) movies tomorrow afternoon?
7.(24-25七年级上·山东威海·期末)Mothers play an important role in (make) the family happy.
8.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中)I’m interested in (read) English stories, such as Hansel and Gretel and Cinderella.
考点三 分词
功 能
说 明
例 句
定语
现在分词作定语, 通常含有主动和正在进行的意义, 其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词; 过去分词作定语, 通常含有被动和完成的意义, 其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
①Do you know the boy playing football?
你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗?
②Please hand in your written exercise.
请交上你的书面练习。
状语
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词作伴随状语, 表示主语在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作, 过去分词作状语, 意义相当于状语从句, 一般用逗号分开
①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 从小山上看, 我们的学校显得更美丽了。
表语
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征; 过去分词表示某种状态
①The news is exciting.
这个消息令人兴奋。
②I’m interested in the book.
我对这本书感兴趣。
补
足
语
现在分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系); 过去分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)
①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.
别让我等很长时间。
②I had my hair cut last night.
昨天晚上我理发了。
一、单项选择
1.(24-25八年级下·山东临沂·期中)Last night, we saw a dog ________ on the ground and were very afraid.
A.lies B.to lie C.lying
2.(24-25七年级下·山东淄博·期中)There are some boys ________ football on the playground. They ________ for the next week’s football match.
A.plays; are prepared B.play; prepareing C.played; to prepare D.playing; are preparing
3.(24-25八年级下·山东济宁·月考)I saw him ________ the piano in the room last night.
A.played B.plays C.to play D.playing
4.(24-25八年级上·山东枣庄·月考)There are some students ________ soccer on the playground.
A.play B.playing C.are playing D.played
5.(25-26九年级上·山东淄博·月考)This kind of food is cooked by a cook Jack.
A.call B.calls C.called D.calling
6.(24-25九年级上·山东东营·期中)You’d better get your hair ______. It is too long.
A.cuts B.cut C.cutting D.to cut
7.(24-25九年级上·山东青岛·开学考试)The movie ________ Gone with the Wind was ________ popular that many people went to see it.
A.calling; very B.calling; so C.called; very D.called; so
8.(23-24九年级上·山东德州·开学考试)We got ______ when we went to different schools last term.
A.separated B.separate C.separates D.separating
1.(25-26六年级上·山东东营·期中)Nice you, Emma. My name is Peter. (meet)
2.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中)It’s not enough (study) well. You also need to have a healthy body and mind.
3.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中) (watch) English movies helps to improve my English.
4.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中)When the teacher came in, she found the students (clean) the classroom.
5.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)She wants (visit) her grandparents this weekend.
6.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·月考)The art festival is coming. I would like (put) up a poster on the board.
7.(24-25九年级上·山东菏泽·期中)People started the tradition of (admire) the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families.
8.(25-26七年级上·山东临沂·月考)Let’s (start) reviewing (复习) the pronunciation of the 26 letters.
9.(25-26九年级上·山东泰安·月考)My sister is worrying about (fail) her math test.
10.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·月考)I really like the (read) corner at the back of our classroom.
11.(25-26七年级上·山东聊城·月考)I like running and (swim).
12.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·月考)He often goes (hike) on weekends.
13.(25-26七年级上·甘肃平凉·期中)He spends a lot of time (fish).
14.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)He succeeded in (finish) the difficult project on time.
15.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)I often hear my sister Betty (sing) in her bedroom.
16.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)Many children are afraid of (swim) in the deep pool alone.
17.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)We plan (visit) the science museum with our class next month.
18.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)My parents allow me (watch) a little TV after I finish my homework.
19.(25-26九年级上·山东菏泽·月考)I finally found it difficult (keep) a secret.
20.(25-26七年级上·山东聊城·月考)Zhang Yuan is happy (meet) her friends at the park every Sunday.
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第05讲 非谓语动词
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★考点一 动词不定式 3
★考点二 动名词 6
★考点三 分词 8
04 优题精选·练能提分 11
考点
课标要求
复习目标
动词不定式
· 掌握动词不定式的用法
1.系统复习并掌握非谓语动词的基本知识,强化在复杂语境中运用非谓语动词的能力;
2. 熟练动词不定式,动名词和分词的句法功能。
动名词
· 掌握动名词用法
分词
· 掌握分词的用法
命题预测
非谓语动词是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度:动词不定式,动名词和分词。
主要在单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写和语法填空中考查。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:根据“是否作谓语”判断非谓语动词
顾名思义,非谓语动词不能单独做谓语使用,如果该动词在句中不是作谓语那就是非谓语动词形式。
锦囊2:根据“固定搭配”判断
大部分非谓语动词搭配其他动词一起使用,例如want to do,want后面的不定式就是非谓语动词,简言之,如果该动词前有谓语动词,我们可以根据该动词前面的谓语动词判断应该用何种形式。
考点一 动词不定式
功能
例 句
说 明
主语
To swim here is dangerous.
在这儿游泳是危险的。
动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语, 常用句式的结构是: It’s +形容词+(for/of sb. )+to do sth.
表语
My job is to look after my sister.
我的工作是照看我妹妹。
多数情况下, 动词不定式作表语, 可转换为作主语
宾语
I want to be an actor.
我想成为一名
演员。
只能作某些动词的宾语(如want, hope, fail, expect, decide等), 一般不作介词的宾语
宾语
补足
语
She asked me to speak English.
她要求我说英语。
在一些感官动词和使役动词后, 不定式省略to, 如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, let, make, have(简记为: 一感二听三看三让)
定语
Do you have anything to say? 你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语, 要放在所修饰词的后面
状语
I come here to see you.
我来这里是为了见你。
不定式作状语, 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
【易错提醒】
此外, 不定式可以与疑问词连用, 用作主语、宾语、表语等。
When to start hasn’t been discussed.
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)
【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望(decide, determine, learn, wish, hope),
同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare, refuse, fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help),
提供请求负担起(offer, beg, demand, afford),
答应安排理应当(promise, arrange, be supposed),
以上后跟不定式, 劝君牢记永不忘。
1.(25-26六年级上·山东东营·期中)It’s time (say) goodbye.
【答案】to say
【详解】句意:是时候说再见了。根据“It’s time…goodbye”可知,此处考查“It’s time to do sth.”结构,表示“是时候做某事了”,因此横线处需填动词不定式形式,say“说”,动词,其不定式形式为to say。故填to say。
2.(24-25七年级上·山东潍坊·期末)John refuses (race) without his brother.
【答案】to race
【详解】句意:John拒绝在没有他哥哥的情况下参加比赛。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”,固定搭配,所以此处要用动词不定式形式;race在这里是动词,意为“参加比赛”,其不定式是to race。故填to race。
3.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)—Would you like (go) hiking with me this Sunday?
—Yes. I’d love to.
【答案】to go
【详解】句意:——这个周日你愿意和我一起去远足吗?——是的,我很乐意。“would like”,其后接动词不定式(to do),表示“想要做某事”。故填to go。
4.(25-26九年级上·山东济南·月考)Although it was cloudy, the pilot tried his best to make the plane (land) safely on an island.
【答案】land
【详解】句意:尽管天气多云,飞行员还是尽力让飞机安全降落在岛上。land“着陆,降落”。根据“the pilot tried his best to make the plane”可知,make sth. do“使某物做某事”,此处是省略to的动词不定式,作宾语补足语。故填land。
5.(25-26九年级上·山东济南·月考)There is no need (worry) too much about your study.
【答案】to worry
【详解】句意:没有必要过分担心你的学习。worry“担心”,There is no need to do“没有必要做某事”,故使用不定式形式to worry。故填to worry。
6.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)Flora would like (visit) her grandparents next month.
【答案】to visit
【详解】句意:Flora下个月想去看望她的祖父母。would like是固定短语,意为“想要”,其常见用法为“would like to do sth.”,后接动词不定式作宾语,因此此处应填动词不定式。故填to visit。
7.(25-26九年级上·山东·月考)A newspaper report seems (reflect) the view of most teenagers.
【答案】to reflect
【详解】句意:一份报纸的报道似乎反映了大多数青少年的观点。根据“seems”可知,seem to do“似乎做某事”,因此用不定式作宾语。故填to reflect。
8.(25-26八年级上·山东济南·期中)Our teacher expects us (read) such traditional Chinese books.
【答案】to read
【详解】句意:我们的老师希望我们阅读这样的中国传统书籍。根据“Our teacher expects us…such traditional Chinese books.”及提示词可知,expect sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”,动词短语,read“阅读”,动词。故填to read。
考点二 动名词
功能
例 句
说 明
主语
Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。
谓语动词用单数
宾语
I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示习惯性的动作
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语
Bill is in the reading room.
比尔在阅览室里。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
【巧学妙记】
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
1.(24-25七年级上·山东潍坊·期末)We chat and relax in the yard with black tea and biscuits. It’s our way of (connect).
【答案】connecting
【详解】句意:我们在院子里边聊天边放松,喝着红茶,吃着饼干。这是我们建立联系的方式。“way of” 表示“……的方式”,其后应接名词或动名词。这里,动名词“connecting”更符合语境,表示“建立联系的方式”,强调一种行为或过程。故填connecting。
2.(25-26八年级上·山东济南·期中)You shouldn’t leave without (say) goodbye.
【答案】saying
【详解】句意:你不应该不辞而别。without是介词,其后接动名词,say的动名词形式是saying。故填saying。
3.(25-26六年级上·山东烟台·期中)I don’t like (play) the guitar. I think it is difficult.
【答案】playing
【详解】句意:我不喜欢弹吉他。我觉得它很难。like doing sth“喜欢做某事”,此处表示对这项活动的整体感受,空处填动名词。play“玩,演奏”,动词,动名词为playing。故填playing。
4.(25-26九年级上·山东·月考)Don’t eat sugar before (go) to bed. It’s bad for your teeth.
【答案】going
【详解】句意:睡觉前不要吃糖。这对你的牙齿不好。before“在……之前”,介词,后面要跟动词的话,需用其动名词形式,go的动名词为going。故填going。
5.(25-26九年级上·山东·月考)East or West, home is best. That’s why more and more people prefer (visit) their parents to going traveling during holidays.
【答案】visiting
【详解】句意:金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝。这就是为什么越来越多的人在假期里宁愿去看望父母也不愿去旅行。visit“看望”,prefer doing sth to doing sth“宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”,固定用法,动词要用动名词,visit动名词为visiting。故填visiting。
6.(25-26六年级上·山东滨州·期中)What about (watch) movies tomorrow afternoon?
【答案】watching
【详解】句意:明天下午去看电影怎么样?watch“观看”,动词,what about doing sth“做某事怎么样”,介词about后面用动名词形式。故填watching。
7.(24-25七年级上·山东威海·期末)Mothers play an important role in (make) the family happy.
【答案】making
【详解】句意:母亲们在让家庭幸福方面扮演着重要角色。句中“in”是介词,此处用make的动名词形式making,作宾语。故填making。
8.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中)I’m interested in (read) English stories, such as Hansel and Gretel and Cinderella.
【答案】reading
【详解】句意:我对读英语故事很感兴趣,比如《汉泽尔与格莱特》和《灰姑娘》。根据“I’m interested in...English stories, such as Hansel and Gretel and Cinderella.”可知,这里是be interested in doing sth意为“对做某事感兴趣”,in后需接动词的-ing形式,read的-ing形式是reading,符合语境。故填reading。
考点三 分词
功 能
说 明
例 句
定语
现在分词作定语, 通常含有主动和正在进行的意义, 其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词; 过去分词作定语, 通常含有被动和完成的意义, 其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
①Do you know the boy playing football?
你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗?
②Please hand in your written exercise.
请交上你的书面练习。
状语
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词作伴随状语, 表示主语在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作, 过去分词作状语, 意义相当于状语从句, 一般用逗号分开
①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 从小山上看, 我们的学校显得更美丽了。
表语
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征; 过去分词表示某种状态
①The news is exciting.
这个消息令人兴奋。
②I’m interested in the book.
我对这本书感兴趣。
补
足
语
现在分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系); 过去分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)
①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.
别让我等很长时间。
②I had my hair cut last night.
昨天晚上我理发了。
一、单项选择
1.(24-25八年级下·山东临沂·期中)Last night, we saw a dog ________ on the ground and were very afraid.
A.lies B.to lie C.lying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨晚,我们看到一只狗躺在地上,非常害怕。
考查非谓语。 根据“saw”可知,这里是短语see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”,lying符合语境。故选C。
2.(24-25七年级下·山东淄博·期中)There are some boys ________ football on the playground. They ________ for the next week’s football match.
A.plays; are prepared B.play; prepareing C.played; to prepare D.playing; are preparing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:操场上有一些男孩在踢足球。他们正在为下周的足球赛做准备。
考查非谓语动词和动词时态。第一空,句中已有谓语动词“are”,因此“play”需要用非谓语动词;There be +主语+ doing sth.“有某人正在做某事”,固定搭配,所以这里应用现在分词playing;第二空,根据语境可知,他们正在为下周的足球赛进行准备,时态应用现在进行时,其结构为:be doing;主语为“They”,be动词应用are,动词prepare的现在分词为preparing,即are preparing。故选D。
3.(24-25八年级下·山东济宁·月考)I saw him ________ the piano in the room last night.
A.played B.plays C.to play D.playing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:昨晚我看到他在房间里弹钢琴。
考查动词非谓语。see sb do sth“看见某人做某事(强调全过程)”;see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”。结合选项,playing“符合”。故选D。
4.(24-25八年级上·山东枣庄·月考)There are some students ________ soccer on the playground.
A.play B.playing C.are playing D.played
【答案】B
【详解】句意:有些学生正在操场上踢足球。
考查非谓语动词。根据“There are some students...”可知,此处是there be sb. doing sth.“有人在做某事”,空处用现在分词作后置定语,修饰some students,表示正在进行的动作。故选B。
5.(25-26九年级上·山东淄博·月考)This kind of food is cooked by a cook Jack.
A.call B.calls C.called D.calling
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这种食物是由一个叫Jack的厨师做的。
考查动词过去分词的用法。分析可知此处作cook的后置定语,根据“cook...Jack”可知cook和call为被动关系,所以此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语表被动,故选C。
6.(24-25九年级上·山东东营·期中)You’d better get your hair ______. It is too long.
A.cuts B.cut C.cutting D.to cut
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你最好去理发。它太长了。
考查非谓语动词。get sth done“使某事被做”,为固定短语,cut的过去分词还是cut。故选B。
7.(24-25九年级上·山东青岛·开学考试)The movie ________ Gone with the Wind was ________ popular that many people went to see it.
A.calling; very B.calling; so C.called; very D.called; so
【答案】D
【详解】句意:《乱世佳人》这部电影很受欢迎,很多人都去看了。
考查非谓语和结果状语从句。根据“The movie...Gone with the Wind”可知,电影被称为《乱世佳人》,动词call和The movie之间是被动关系,用过去分词表示被动;so +形容词/副词+ that,意思是“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故选D。
8.(23-24九年级上·山东德州·开学考试)We got ______ when we went to different schools last term.
A.separated B.separate C.separates D.separating
【答案】A
【详解】句意:上学期我们去不同的学校时分开了。
考查动词短语。separated分开,动词过去式或过去分词;separate分开,动词原形;separates分开,动词单三;separating分开,动名词。根据“We got…when we went to different schools last term.”可知,此处表示去了不同学校就分开了,get separated意为“分开”,固定词组。故选A。
1.(25-26六年级上·山东东营·期中)Nice you, Emma. My name is Peter. (meet)
【答案】to meet
【详解】句意:很高兴认识你,艾玛。我叫彼得。meet“遇见”,动词。“Nice to meet you.”是固定表达,意为“很高兴认识你”,因此填动词不定式。故填to meet。
2.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中)It’s not enough (study) well. You also need to have a healthy body and mind.
【答案】to study
【详解】句意:仅仅学好是不够的。你还需要有一个健康的身心。It是形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语。故填to study。
3.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中) (watch) English movies helps to improve my English.
【答案】Watching
【详解】句意:看英文电影有助于提升我的英语水平。根据“…English movies helps to improve my English.”可知,此处需要一个能作主语的成分,动词作主语时要使用动名词形式,watch的动名词是Watching,符合语境,在句中充当主语。故填Watching。
4.(25-26八年级上·山东东营·期中)When the teacher came in, she found the students (clean) the classroom.
【答案】cleaning/were cleaning
【详解】句意:当老师进来时,她发现学生们正在打扫教室。根据空格前“When the teacher came in, she found the students…”可知,此处考查固定结构find sb. doing sth.“发现某人正在做某事”,强调老师进来时,打扫教室正在发生,应用clean的现在分词形式cleaning。另外,分析句子结构可知,“she found”为主谓结构,“found”是及物动词,后接省略引导词that的宾语从句;根据“When the teacher came in”可知,动作正在发生,应用过去进行时“were cleaning”对应主句谓语“found”。故填cleaning/were cleaning。
5.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)She wants (visit) her grandparents this weekend.
【答案】to visit
【详解】句意:她想这个周末去看望她的祖父母。根据“She wants ... her grandparents this weekend.”可知,此处应用want to do sth.表示“想要去做某事”,所以空格处应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。
6.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·月考)The art festival is coming. I would like (put) up a poster on the board.
【答案】to put
【详解】句意:艺术节即将到来。我想在公告板张贴一张海报。would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”。故填to put。
7.(24-25九年级上·山东菏泽·期中)People started the tradition of (admire) the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families.
【答案】admiring
【详解】句意:人们开始了赏月和与家人分享月饼的传统。根据所给单词和“of”可知,介词后接动词时通常用其动名词形式。admire是动词,其动名词形式为admiring。故填admiring。
8.(25-26七年级上·山东临沂·月考)Let’s (start) reviewing (复习) the pronunciation of the 26 letters.
【答案】start
【详解】句意:让我们开始复习26个字母的发音。根据提示可知,此处考查“let sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”,此处应用动词原形start。故填start。
9.(25-26九年级上·山东泰安·月考)My sister is worrying about (fail) her math test.
【答案】failing
【详解】句意:我姐姐担心数学考试不及格。根据“My sister is worrying about...her math test.”可知,此处指担心考试不及格,fail“失败,不及格”,动词;about是介词,后加动名词作宾语。故填failing。
10.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·月考)I really like the (read) corner at the back of our classroom.
【答案】reading
【详解】句意:我真的很喜欢教室后面的阅读角。动词原形read需变为动名词reading,构成复合名词reading corner(阅读角),表示该角落的用途是阅读。故填reading。
11.(25-26七年级上·山东聊城·月考)I like running and (swim).
【答案】swimming
【详解】句意:我喜欢跑步和游泳。like后接动词ing形式作宾语,故填swimming。
12.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·月考)He often goes (hike) on weekends.
【答案】hiking
【详解】句意:他经常在周末去徒步。go hiking“徒步旅行”,动词短语,因此此处要用其动名词形式hiking。故填hiking。
13.(25-26七年级上·甘肃平凉·期中)He spends a lot of time (fish).
【答案】fishing
【详解】句意:他花费很多时间钓鱼。根据“spends a lot of time”可知,此处考查“spend+时间+(in) doing sth.”结构,表示“花费时间做某事”,其中in可以省略,动词fish“钓鱼”的动名词形式为fishing。故填fishing。
14.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)He succeeded in (finish) the difficult project on time.
【答案】finishing
【详解】句意:他成功按时完成了这个困难的项目。succeed in后接动名词作宾语,finish的动名词形式是finishing。故填finishing。
15.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)I often hear my sister Betty (sing) in her bedroom.
【答案】sing
【详解】句意:我经常听到我妹妹贝蒂在她的卧室里唱歌。sing“唱歌”,是动词。根据“I often hear my sister Betty...”可知,此处是hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做某事(经常性或习惯性动作)”,所以此处用动词原形。故填sing。
16.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)Many children are afraid of (swim) in the deep pool alone.
【答案】swimming
【详解】句意:许多孩子害怕独自在深水池里游泳。“be afraid of”是一个常用短语,意思是“害怕……”,其中“of”是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词形式;“swim”是动词“游泳”,这里要用其动名词形式“swimming”,作“of”的宾语。故填swimming。
17.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)We plan (visit) the science museum with our class next month.
【答案】to visit
【详解】句意:我们计划下个月和我们班一起去参观科学博物馆。plan to do sth“计划做某事”。故填to visit。
18.(25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·月考)My parents allow me (watch) a little TV after I finish my homework.
【答案】to watch
【详解】句意:我父母允许我做完作业后看一会儿电视。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”,故填to watch。
19.(25-26九年级上·山东菏泽·月考)I finally found it difficult (keep) a secret.
【答案】to keep
【详解】句意:我最终发现保守秘密是困难的。“find it+形容词+动词不定式”意为“发现做某事是……的”,it代替动词不定式作形式宾语,keep保持,动词不定式形式为to keep,故填to keep。
20.(25-26七年级上·山东聊城·月考)Zhang Yuan is happy (meet) her friends at the park every Sunday.
【答案】to meet
【详解】句意:张媛每周日都很高兴能在公园里见到她的朋友们。be happy to do sth“高兴做某事”,动词不定式作原因状语,故填to meet。
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