精品解析：2026届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语卷

2025学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸 上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I.Grammar and vocabulary Section A(10分 ) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Empires in Conversation Despite the thousands of miles separating them and the big differences in their peoples,two rulers in 17th-century Europe and China were nevertheless the driving force behind a grand cultural exchange. The two men were the Kangxi Emperor of China’s Qing Dynasty and King Louis XIV of France. A symbolic image from the period captured the exchange: European ambassadors (使臣), ____1____ (dress) in the robes of Qing officials, stood beside an armillary sphere in the court of the Kangxi Emperor. The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought ____2____ (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies. Through their instruction, Kangxi gained a rich knowledge. On one visit to southern China, he used a spirit level (水平仪) to measure the water, and found a mistake in ____3____ his ministers were controlling the water in the Hongze lake. It is natural for many of us ____4____ (marvel) at the Chinese emperor’s good knowledge of Western technologies. But Kangxi’s interests extended ____5____ the hard sciences: He tried to organize information about these foreign lands and spread ____6____among the public. He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. In court speeches, Kangxi would hold forth on the natural sciences from Europe, ____8____ (lecture) young princes about astronomy, calendar systems and arithmetic. Outstanding students ____9____ (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments. _____10_____ the visitors from the West came to the East mainly to spread their culture, upon arriving in that ancient kingdom, they discovered its people already possessed their own well-established understanding of the world. There was the Golden Mean of Confucius, and the unknowable Tao of Lao Tzu. And these left a deep impression on the traveling Europeans. Section B (10 分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____11____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____12____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____13____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____14____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____15____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____16____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____17____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____18____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____19____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped______20______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. II.Reading Comprehension(45分 ) Section A(15分 ) Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. On March 17, scientists reported finding the earliest echoes of the Big Bang. The long-sought evidence supports the idea that the universe inflated in a(n) ____21____ . A scientific theory, called inflation, held that during the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe grew ____22____ faster than the speed of light. It soon stretched out farther than any telescope can see. Astronomers first introduced the theory of inflation more than 30 years ago. Since then, it has become an important part of the ____23____ for how the universe began. Inflation helps answer some questions raised by the Big Bang, such as why the universe looks the same in every direction. Inflation probably has ____24____everything out. It’s just like what happens when blowing up a party balloon. ____25____ scientists couldn’t be sure that inflation happened, for they lacked solid evidence. The new discovery provides the needed evidence, identifying the long-lasting effects of inflation on the ____26____ light in the universe. Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years. Yet, the universe itself is a time capsule. According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still ____27____ today. Known as “gravitational waves”, they would ____28____ squeeze (压缩) and stretch the fabric of space. So their passage should have left a(n) ____29____ on the farthest reaches of the known universe. Scientists had sought those characteristic marks. For their search, the scientists used a telescope called BICEP2 at the South Pole. The region’s cold, dry and ____30____ air is perfect for observing deep into space — and back into time. For 50 years, scientists have known that energy in the form of microwave radiation ____31____ long after the Big Bang. ____32____, the telescope detects tiny particles of light that carry this microwave signal. John Kovac, a Harvard Associate Professor of Astronomy and Physics, led the new search for the Big Bang’s echoes. His large team will continue to ____33____ their data. They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some ____34____ in their analysis. For now, many scientists are excited by the news. ____35____of gravitational waves offers new opportunities for scientists to test more ideas about the nature of the universe, thus opening up a whole new window. 21. A. period B. flash C. term D. interval 22. A. upward B. downward C. inward D. outward 23. A. explanation B. reflection C. description D. prediction 24. A. spilt B. smoothed C. cast D. wiped 25. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 26. A. oldest B. brightest C. purest D. gentlest 27. A. overlook B. project C. decode D. clarify 28. A. relatively B. randomly C. alternately D. instantly 29. A. symbol B. mark C. object D. evidence 30. A. harsh B. thick C. stable D. fresh 31. A. expands B. endures C. emerges D. fades 32. A. For instance B. By contrast C. As a result D. In particular 33. A. go over B. account for C. back up D. refer to 34. A. failures B. errors C. weaknesses D. contradictions 35. A. Approval B. Publication C. Awareness D. Confirmation Section B(22分) Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) It seems obvious that plants cannot count 1-10 on their roots or leaves as we usually do with our fingers, but scientists say certain plants can “count” and even do simple maths. They possess mysterious abilities to keep an eye on the insects nearby and their own food stores. Venus flytraps, for example, are known to shut their leaves rapidly when they sense something moving on them. But they only do this if anything moves twice within about 15-20 seconds. The movements are sensed by fine ‘trigger’ hairs on the leaves and translated into electrical pulses (脉 冲), flowing through the plant. When an electrical pulse is triggered twice, the leaves will close immediately. But as a group of international scientists showed in 2016, insect-eating plants of this kind are able to tally higher than two. They wait until they’ve sensed at least three electrical pulses before they start producing the chemicals needed to digest their catch, probably to avoid wasting their energy on lucky escapees. Even before this discovery, though, scientists were suggesting that thale cress, a cousin to cabbage that’s widely used in plant studies, could perform a process similar to doing division. During the day, thale cresses use sunlight to build up their food stores, which is known as photosynthesis. But to survive the night, they must first determine how much energy they will need. They do this by assessing the energy stored in their leaves and factoring in the length of the night. Based on this calculation, they then manage their food intake at a sustainable rate. Experts argue we shouldn’t label these curious counting abilities as “intelligent” or as evidence that plants have some early and underdeveloped form of brain. They’re just doing what they need to survive. But it reminds us that even the simplest forms of life can display astonishing complexity and precision. 36. The example of Venus flytraps in Paragraph 2 is given to show that _________ A. plants can count 1-10 on their roots and leaves B. some plants can carry out simple calculations C. plants are able to generate electrical pulses D. certain plants react much faster than insects 37. The underlined word “tally” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_________· A. number B. repeat C. divide D. sense 38. We can learn from the passage that_________ A. venus flytraps set timed traps based on how many bugs they sense B. plants do simple maths to kill time other than merely to survive C. thale cress manages its energy use at night through calculation D. plants have now evolved a structure similar to a human brain 39. What might be the best title for the article? A. Plants’ amazing sense of time and space B. Plants’ smart tricks of capturing bugs C. Plants’ brilliant use of sunlight and energy D. Plants’ surprising talent for mathematics (B) 1. Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge. 2. Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface. 3. You enter the castle from a steep winding route. It is 15 degrees at its steepest point,the average is five degrees and it is approximately 350 m from entering the castle to the top level at Crown Square. It is surfaced with cobbles,which can be uneven. 4. The One o’Clock Gun is on the level but cobbled area, next to the Redcoat Café. The gun makes a loud and sudden noise when it is fired. The gun is fired every day at 1 p.m., except Sundays, Good Friday, and Christmas Day. 5. Hospital Square is reached down a cobbled slope of 12 degrees. 6. The route continues up the cobbled rise through Foog’s Gate. This is the steepest part of the castle route. 7. Visitors will then enter Crown Square — a large, level, paved area. 8. The surface around St. Margaret’s Chapel and Mons Meg is cobbled. The Chapel has a small raised pathway up to a door 810mm wide. 9. Visitors then exit the castle via 70 stone steps with a handrail. Staff will be available to guide you back down through the castle if this exit is unsuitable for you. 40. If you’re at St. Margaret’s Chapel and want to grab a drink, you can head to your_________. A. northwest B. northeast C. southwest D. southeast 41. What can be inferred from the guidebook? A. Those who book their tickets online can enjoy a small discount. B. Visitors can expect the One o’clock Gun to be fired all year round. C. Parents with 2 kids (aged 15,10) do not qualify for a Family Ticket. D. Tourists can enjoy a completely level route throughout the whole visit. 42. The main purpose of this passage is to_________. A. promote the castle’s cafes and souvenir shops B. tell the dramatic story of the castle’s past battles C. offer the overview of the castle’s physical layout D. describe the historical significance of the castle (C) On 27 September 1825, Robert Stephenson and Co’s Locomotion No.1 arrived in Stockton, England. As the first rail vehicle to carry passengers, it was greeted with a seven-gun salute and an astonished crowd. “It was found to be quite impossible to contain the enthusiasm of the crowd,” reported a journalist. This weekend the celebrations are likely to be slightly less wild, as the 200th anniversary of the pioneering Stockton and Darlington railway line(S&DR) is marked. But they will undoubtedly be heartfelt. A replica (复制品) of the pioneering engine is to recreate the original journey, with viewing tickets sold out along the route and a big screen following its progress in the town centre. A set of stamps in memory of the event is being issued, which feels appropriately old school. The businessmen who invested in the S&DR back in the 19th century were motivated by the functional benefits of transporting coal more efficiently. But their project eventually unlocked far wider human possibilities, transforming the sense of distance and changing the way the nation lived. Trains carried Victorian working-class families to the seaside and back, and reunited lovers on windswept platforms. Crowded 20th-century passenger trains ran regularly between satellite towns and cities. A railway station became part of the identity of a place, as well as a point of departure from it. These days the railways are journeying with difficulty towards a new era. The short-sighted railway cuts of the 1960s, and the needless, failed privatization (私有化) of the 1990s, were avoidable political errors whose legacy is still felt today. Extremely high-ticket prices and long-term mismanagement in the north, where the story began, harm the contemporary network. As the government gradually takes more train operators back under public ownership, a much-needed strategic reset is required. The rail industry should become a key force of green sustainable growth. Sadly, plans for high-speed rail in northern England are to be delayed again. This does not inspire confidence. For train lovers though, this weekend is about the past not the future. Locomotion No. 1 launched a journey that meant far more than travelling from A to B. From E Nesbit’s description of a rural childhood to WH Auden’s poem, the trip has left a lasting mark on our literature. Carnforth in Lancashire still celebrates its station’s role in the cinema classic Brief Encounter, where a tragic romance is brought to a close by a guard’s whistle, and the rhythmic sound of wheels beginning to move on track. 43. According to the passage, Locomotion No.1 referred to _________ A. a project founded by businessmen in the Victorian era B. a replica built to celebrate the railway’s 200th anniversary C. a machine dedicated to carrying coal out more efficiently D. a vehicle marking the beginning of passenger transport by rail 44. It can be inferred from the passage that the rail development_________ A. holds cultural significance beyond being a means of transportation B. has undergone a successful transition to meet modern-day demands C. is focusing on the construction and expansion of high-speed rail networks D. has suffered a decline due to the rise of more sustainable transport modes 45. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 most probably means _________ A. decisions intended for reforms have led to long-lasting damage B. increases in ticket price were meant for a potential service upgrade C. railway cuts in the 1960s once thought short-sighted prove necessary D. political errors in the past have ended the railway network for good 46. What’s the author’s attitude towards the changes in the railway over the past two centuries? A. disappointed but optimistic B. hateful and critical C. respectful yet regretful D. confident and admiring Section C(8分 ) Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. African Union urges adoption of world map showing continent’s true size The African Union has supported a campaign to stop using the Mercator world map. The “Correct The Map” initiative urges governments and international organizations to use maps that show the true size of Africa. ____47____ It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. And it creates a false idea of Africa as less important, even though it is the world’s second-largest continent in both area and population.This incorrect view helps continue stereotypes (刻板印象) that affect international media, education, and policy. Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate.____48____ This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. Nevertheless, the Mercator map remains widely used in schools and across the tech industry. This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. ____49____ ____50____ Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. “We are working to make the Equal Earth projection the main map used in classrooms across Africa,” said Fara Ndiaye, co-founder of Speak Up Africa. In support of this educational effort, the African Union will encourage wider use of correct maps among its member states. A. The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents. B. Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity. C. Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. D. However, changing classroom materials alone won’t fully address public misconceptions. E. It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly F. Experts argue modern mapping tools have made traditional world projections less important. Ⅲ.Summary Writing(10分) 51. Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What is AI’s Role in Art Creation? As artificial intelligence advances across creative fields, a question emerges: Do people want AI to become an artist or simply a tool for artistic creation? Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. A key reason lies in the human dimension of art. When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was AI-produced. Their responses highlight a shared belief: People seek the imaginative struggles and personal histories behind creative works, a quality machines cannot genuinely copy. Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. Respondents criticized AI outputs as unoriginal, seeing them as mere reflections of models trained on vast quantities of human-created materials. The possibility of unauthorized data use and unclear artistic ownership fuels distrust. These worries reveal why people hesitate to view AI-generated materials-especially films-as real art: It lacks clear authorship and true creative intention. Yet attitudes shift when AI assists rather than replaces human artists. Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. This perspective points to a real obstacle in today’s creative world: Many individuals with ideas lack the resources or skills to realize them. In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. While AI can broaden artistic possibilities, it’s best used as a tool that supports and enriches human vision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation (15分 ) Directions:Translate thefollowing sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52. 校门口，妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 53. 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 54. 这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发，不断攻坚克难，赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 55. 在失重的环境中，吃饭喝水皆非易事，但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ V.Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 今年，部分学校将试行中小学“春秋假”,即缩减原本的寒暑假期，并在每年春季和秋季两个学期为学生增设相应的短假期。假设你是明启中学的李明，你校正针对这一方案向全体师生征集意见与建议，请你给学生会写一封邮件表达你的看法和建议。内容须包括： 1. 你是否支持设立春秋假； 2. 你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸 上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I.Grammar and vocabulary Section A(10分 ) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Empires in Conversation Despite the thousands of miles separating them and the big differences in their peoples,two rulers in 17th-century Europe and China were nevertheless the driving force behind a grand cultural exchange. The two men were the Kangxi Emperor of China’s Qing Dynasty and King Louis XIV of France. A symbolic image from the period captured the exchange: European ambassadors (使臣), ____1____ (dress) in the robes of Qing officials, stood beside an armillary sphere in the court of the Kangxi Emperor. The astronomy, mathematics, physics, and chemistry they brought ____2____ (fascinate) the young emperor, who was particularly interested in the heavenly bodies. Through their instruction, Kangxi gained a rich knowledge. On one visit to southern China, he used a spirit level (水平仪) to measure the water, and found a mistake in ____3____ his ministers were controlling the water in the Hongze lake. It is natural for many of us ____4____ (marvel) at the Chinese emperor’s good knowledge of Western technologies. But Kangxi’s interests extended ____5____ the hard sciences: He tried to organize information about these foreign lands and spread ____6____among the public. He asked his third prince, Yinzhi, to establish a museum of mathematics ____7____ talented scholars would engage in research and observation of mathematical laws and the universe. In court speeches, Kangxi would hold forth on the natural sciences from Europe, ____8____ (lecture) young princes about astronomy, calendar systems and arithmetic. Outstanding students ____9____ (send) to the institution of astronomy or other key departments. _____10_____ the visitors from the West came to the East mainly to spread their culture, upon arriving in that ancient kingdom, they discovered its people already possessed their own well-established understanding of the world. There was the Golden Mean of Confucius, and the unknowable Tao of Lao Tzu. And these left a deep impression on the traveling Europeans. 【答案】1. dressed 2. fascinated 3. how 4. to marvel 5. beyond 6. it 7. where 8. lecturing 9. were sent 10. Although##Though##While 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍17世纪康熙皇帝与路易十四推动的中欧文化交流及双方科技文化的相互影响。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一时期的一幅标志性画作记录了这场交流：身着清朝官员服饰的欧洲使臣，站在康熙皇帝朝堂上的一件浑天仪旁。此处为非谓语动词作定语，European ambassadors与dress为被动关系，用过去分词dressed。故填dressed。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他们带来的天文学、数学、物理和化学知识令这位年轻的皇帝着迷，他对天体尤其感兴趣。此处为谓语动词，描述17世纪发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为fascinated。故填fascinated。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在一次南巡时，他用水平仪测量水位，发现大臣们治理洪泽湖的方法存在一处错误。此处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表“如何、怎样”，用连接副词how。故填how。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很多人自然会惊叹于这位中国皇帝对西方技术的渊博学识。此处为固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以此处用to marvel作主语。故填to marvel。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：但康熙的兴趣不止于自然科学：他还试图整理这些域外之地的相关信息，并向公众传播。空后为名词，且无提示词，所以此处使用介词，结合句意，此处表示“超出、不止于”，用介词beyond。故填beyond。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：但康熙的兴趣不止于自然科学：他还试图整理这些域外之地的相关信息，并向公众传播。此处指代前面的information，为不可数名词，用代词it。故填it。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他命三子胤祉建立一座算学馆，让才华出众的学者们可以在馆内研究和观测数学规律与宇宙。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为a museum of mathematics，表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在朝堂讲学中，康熙会讲解来自欧洲的自然科学知识，向皇子们讲授天文、历法和算术。此处为非谓语动词作状语，Kangxi与lecture为主动关系，用现在分词lecturing。故填lecturing。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：优秀的学子被送往钦天监或其他核心部门任职。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的情况，students与send为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为were sent。故填were sent。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管西方来客远赴东方主要是为了传播自身文化，但当他们抵达这个古老王国后，却发现这里的人们早已拥有自成体系的世界观。此处引导让步状语从句，表“尽管、虽然”，用连词Although/Though/While。故填Although/Though/While。 Section B (10 分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____11____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____12____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____13____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____14____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____15____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____16____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____17____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____18____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____19____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped______20______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. 【答案】11. F 12. C 13. J 14. I 15. A 16. G 17. B 18. D 19. E 20. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号船长麦克索利的最后航行，因遭遇恶劣天气，这艘船最终在苏必利尔湖失联的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：他是五大湖区最优秀的水手之一，被指派驾驶哥伦比亚运输部的旗舰“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号。根据前文“one of the best sailors”可知，他能力出众，因此被分配驾驶旗舰，“assigned”意为“指派，分配”，符合“优秀水手得到重任”的语境。故选F。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利为自己的高效感到自豪，他总是能熟练地在危险水域航行，按时运送货物。根据后文“always delivered his goods on time”可知，他对自己的工作效率很满意，“take pride in”是固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”，符合语境。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：公司看重他那种锐意进取、果敢激进的工作方式。根据后文“pushing forward”可知，他的工作态度是积极进取、作风果敢的，aggressive意为“果敢的，锐意进取的”，修饰approach，符合“公司重视的工作方式”的描述。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：气温异常温暖，这是出事的早期征兆。根据后文“Angry winter weather was already on its way”可知，反常的温暖天气是风暴将至的信号，“unseasonably”意为“反常地”，修饰warm，符合“天气异常”的语境。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据后文列举的两条不同航行路线可知，此处指船长面临两种航行方案，“options”意为“选择”，符合“两种航道可选”的语境。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据前文“the final”可知，此处指航行的最后一段路程，“stretch”意为“（路程的）一段”，符合“航道保护船只直至最后一段航程”的描述。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：麦克索利最初决定走更短的那条航道。根据后文“But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind”可知，他一开始有明确的决定，“resolved”意为“决定，决心”，符合“先决定后改主意”的逻辑。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位以果敢高效著称的船长，做出了一个一反常态的谨慎决定，选择了更长的北线航道。根据前文“aggression and efficiency”和“uncharacteristically”可知，他这次的决定和以往的果敢不同，变得小心谨慎，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，符合“一反常态的选择”的语境。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我船的上层建筑受损了，”麦克索利说，“我正在检查情况。你能在我到达怀特菲什湾之前陪着我吗？”根据后文“some topside damage”可知，船只在航行中遭遇了损坏，“sustained”意为“遭受，符合“船只受损”的语境。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不久之后，麦克索利发现“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号的两台雷达都停止了运转，怀特菲什角的灯塔也熄灭了。根据前文“stopped”可知，此处指雷达设备无法正常工作，“functioning”意为“运转，工作”，符合“雷达失灵”的描述。故选H。 II.Reading Comprehension(45分 ) Section A(15分 ) Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. On March 17, scientists reported finding the earliest echoes of the Big Bang. The long-sought evidence supports the idea that the universe inflated in a(n) ____21____ . A scientific theory, called inflation, held that during the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe grew ____22____ faster than the speed of light. It soon stretched out farther than any telescope can see. Astronomers first introduced the theory of inflation more than 30 years ago. Since then, it has become an important part of the ____23____ for how the universe began. Inflation helps answer some questions raised by the Big Bang, such as why the universe looks the same in every direction. Inflation probably has ____24____everything out. It’s just like what happens when blowing up a party balloon. ____25____ scientists couldn’t be sure that inflation happened, for they lacked solid evidence. The new discovery provides the needed evidence, identifying the long-lasting effects of inflation on the ____26____ light in the universe. Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years. Yet, the universe itself is a time capsule. According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still ____27____ today. Known as “gravitational waves”, they would ____28____ squeeze (压缩) and stretch the fabric of space. So their passage should have left a(n) ____29____ on the farthest reaches of the known universe. Scientists had sought those characteristic marks. For their search, the scientists used a telescope called BICEP2 at the South Pole. The region’s cold, dry and ____30____ air is perfect for observing deep into space — and back into time. For 50 years, scientists have known that energy in the form of microwave radiation ____31____ long after the Big Bang. ____32____, the telescope detects tiny particles of light that carry this microwave signal. John Kovac, a Harvard Associate Professor of Astronomy and Physics, led the new search for the Big Bang’s echoes. His large team will continue to ____33____ their data. They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some ____34____ in their analysis. For now, many scientists are excited by the news. ____35____of gravitational waves offers new opportunities for scientists to test more ideas about the nature of the universe, thus opening up a whole new window. 21. A. period B. flash C. term D. interval 22. A. upward B. downward C. inward D. outward 23. A. explanation B. reflection C. description D. prediction 24. A. spilt B. smoothed C. cast D. wiped 25. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 26. A. oldest B. brightest C. purest D. gentlest 27. A. overlook B. project C. decode D. clarify 28. A. relatively B. randomly C. alternately D. instantly 29. A. symbol B. mark C. object D. evidence 30. A. harsh B. thick C. stable D. fresh 31. A. expands B. endures C. emerges D. fades 32. A. For instance B. By contrast C. As a result D. In particular 33. A. go over B. account for C. back up D. refer to 34. A. failures B. errors C. weaknesses D. contradictions 35. A. Approval B. Publication C. Awareness D. Confirmation 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了科学家发现大爆炸早期回声，佐证宇宙暴胀理论。该发现通过探测引力波痕迹实现，团队将复核数据，为探索宇宙本质开辟新方向。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一长期寻找的证据支持了这样一个观点：宇宙是在一瞬间迅速膨胀起来的。A. period时期；B. flash瞬间，闪光；C. term学期；D. interval间隔。根据后文“during the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang”可知，宇宙是在一瞬间迅速膨胀起来的。in a flash表示“瞬间；立刻”。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一种名为“暴胀理论”的科学理论认为，在大爆炸发生后的10的负36次方秒这一瞬间，宇宙的向外扩张速度超过了光速。A. upward向上；B. downward向下；C. inward向内；D. outward向外。根据上文“the universe inflated”可知，对应宇宙从奇点向外扩张的物理过程应用outward。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自此之后，它便成为了关于宇宙起源的解释中不可或缺的一部分。A. explanation解释；B. reflection反射；C. description描述；D. prediction预测。根据后文“for how the universe began”可知，暴胀理论是对宇宙起源的科学阐释，搭配for how the universe began最合理。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：暴胀或许已经使一切趋于平稳了。A. spilt洒出；B. smoothed弄平滑；C. cast投射；D. wiped擦去。根据上文“Inflation helps answer some questions raised by the Big Bang, such as why the universe looks the same in every direction.(暴胀有助于解答“大爆炸”理论所引发的一些问题，比如为何宇宙在各个方向看起来都是一样的)”可知，宇宙暴胀让物质分布趋于均匀。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，科学家们无法确定这种膨胀现象是否真的存在，因为他们缺乏确凿的证据。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Instead反而。前文讲暴胀理论的作用，后文讲“科学家无法确定暴胀是否发生，因为缺乏确凿证据”，是转折关系，用however。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一新发现提供了所需证据，揭示了暴胀对宇宙中最古老光线所产生的长期影响。A. oldest最老的；B. brightest最亮的；C. purest最纯的；D. gentlest最温和的。根据后文“Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years.(科学家无法回到宇宙大爆炸之时，因为那是一段早已远去的138亿年前的久远过去)”可知，宇宙大爆炸遗留的光（微波背景辐射）是宇宙中最古老的光，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据宇宙膨胀理论，大爆炸时产生的波在时空结构中传播开来，留下了可供科学家至今解读的线索。A. overlook忽视；B. project预计；C. decode破译，解读；D. clarify澄清。根据上文“According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still”可知，科学家从时空波中解读宇宙起源的线索。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：被称为“引力波”的现象，会周期性地挤压和拉伸空间的结构。A. relatively相当地；B. randomly随机地；C. alternately交替地；D. instantly立即。根据后文“squeeze and stretch the fabric of space”可知，引力波的作用方式是交替挤压，拉伸时空，故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他们的航行应该会在已知宇宙的最遥远区域留下痕迹。A. symbol象征；B. mark标记，痕迹；C. object物体；D. evidence证据。根据后文“sought those characteristic marks”可知，此处指在已知宇宙的最遥远区域留下痕迹。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地区的寒冷、干燥且稳定的空气条件非常适合进行太空观测——以及对过去时光的追溯观测。A. harsh恶劣的；B. thick厚的；C. stable稳定的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据后文“air is perfect for observing deep into space”可知，稳定的大气能减少观测干扰，是天文观测选址的关键条件。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：50年来，科学家们一直知道，在大爆炸之后，以微波辐射形式存在的能量会持续存在很长时间。A. expands扩大；B. endures持续；C. emerges出现；D. fades消失。根据上文“For 50 years, scientists have known that energy in the form of microwave radiation”可知，微波背景辐射是大爆炸的残留能量，至今仍存在，即持续。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，该望远镜能够探测到携带这种微波信号的极微小的光粒子。A. For instance例如；B. By contrast相比之下；C. As a result因此；D. In particular特别。前文讲微波辐射的存在，后文讲“望远镜探测到携带这种微波信号的光粒子”，是强调具体观测对象，In particular符合语境。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的庞大团队将继续仔细审查他们的数据。A. go over仔细检查，复核；B. account for解释；C. back up支持；D. refer to参考。根据后文“They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some ____ in their analysis.”可知，团队将继续仔细审查他们的数据。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们想要确保这些结果并非是由于望远镜出现故障或是分析过程中存在错误所致。A. failures失败；B. errors偏差，错误；C. weaknesses弱点；D. contradictions矛盾。根据上文“They want to make sure their results didn’t arise from a problem in the telescope or some”可知，科学分析中可能出现的偏差，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：引力波的确认为科学家们提供了新的契机，使他们能够检验更多关于宇宙本质的理论，从而开辟了一个全新的领域。A. Approval赞成；B. Publication出版；C. Awareness意识；D. Confirmation确认。根据上文“The long-sought evidence”可知，对应前文“新发现提供了暴胀理论的证据”，即证实了引力波的存在。故选D。 Section B(22分) Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) It seems obvious that plants cannot count 1-10 on their roots or leaves as we usually do with our fingers, but scientists say certain plants can “count” and even do simple maths. They possess mysterious abilities to keep an eye on the insects nearby and their own food stores. Venus flytraps, for example, are known to shut their leaves rapidly when they sense something moving on them. But they only do this if anything moves twice within about 15-20 seconds. The movements are sensed by fine ‘trigger’ hairs on the leaves and translated into electrical pulses (脉 冲), flowing through the plant. When an electrical pulse is triggered twice, the leaves will close immediately. But as a group of international scientists showed in 2016, insect-eating plants of this kind are able to tally higher than two. They wait until they’ve sensed at least three electrical pulses before they start producing the chemicals needed to digest their catch, probably to avoid wasting their energy on lucky escapees. Even before this discovery, though, scientists were suggesting that thale cress, a cousin to cabbage that’s widely used in plant studies, could perform a process similar to doing division. During the day, thale cresses use sunlight to build up their food stores, which is known as photosynthesis. But to survive the night, they must first determine how much energy they will need. They do this by assessing the energy stored in their leaves and factoring in the length of the night. Based on this calculation, they then manage their food intake at a sustainable rate. Experts argue we shouldn’t label these curious counting abilities as “intelligent” or as evidence that plants have some early and underdeveloped form of brain. They’re just doing what they need to survive. But it reminds us that even the simplest forms of life can display astonishing complexity and precision. 36. The example of Venus flytraps in Paragraph 2 is given to show that _________ A. plants can count 1-10 on their roots and leaves B. some plants can carry out simple calculations C. plants are able to generate electrical pulses D. certain plants react much faster than insects 37. The underlined word “tally” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_________· A. number B. repeat C. divide D. sense 38. We can learn from the passage that_________ A. venus flytraps set timed traps based on how many bugs they sense B. plants do simple maths to kill time other than merely to survive C. thale cress manages its energy use at night through calculation D. plants have now evolved a structure similar to a human brain 39. What might be the best title for the article? A. Plants’ amazing sense of time and space B. Plants’ smart tricks of capturing bugs C. Plants’ brilliant use of sunlight and energy D. Plants’ surprising talent for mathematics 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍某些植物具备“计数”和进行简单运算的能力，以捕蝇草和拟南芥为例说明其独特生存智慧。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It seems obvious that plants cannot count 1-10 on their roots or leaves as we usually do with our fingers, but scientists say certain plants can “count” and even do simple maths. (显然，植物无法像我们用手指那样用根或叶来数1到10，但科学家表示，某些植物能够“计数”，甚至进行简单的运算)”以及第二段中的“Venus flytraps, for example, are known to shut their leaves rapidly when they sense something moving on them. But they only do this if anything moves twice within about 15-20 seconds. (例如，众所周知，捕蝇草在感知到叶片上有东西移动时，会迅速合上叶片。但只有当有物体在约15到20秒内移动两次时，它们才会这么做)”可知，作者举捕蝇草的例子是为了说明有些植物可以进行简单的运算。故选B项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But as a group of international scientists showed in 2016, insect-eating plants of this kind are able to tally higher than two. They wait until they’ve sensed at least three electrical pulses before they start producing the chemicals needed to digest their catch, probably to avoid wasting their energy on lucky escapees. (但正如一组国际科学家在2016年所展示的那样，这类食虫植物能够tally的数字不止2。它们会等到感知到至少三次电脉冲后，才开始产生消化猎物所需的化学物质，这或许是为了避免将能量浪费在侥幸逃脱的猎物身上)”可知，捕蝇草能感知到三次及以上的电脉冲，因此“tally”的含义与“number”（计数）相近。故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even before this discovery, though, scientists were suggesting that thale cress, a cousin to cabbage that’s widely used in plant studies, could perform a process similar to doing division. During the day, thale cresses use sunlight to build up their food stores, which is known as photosynthesis. But to survive the night, they must first determine how much energy they will need. They do this by assessing the energy stored in their leaves and factoring in the length of the night. Based on this calculation, they then manage their food intake at a sustainable rate. (不过，早在这一发现之前，科学家就提出，拟南芥——一种与卷心菜同属、被广泛用于植物研究的植物——能够进行类似除法的运算过程。白天，拟南芥利用阳光储存养分，这个过程被称为光合作用。但为了熬过夜晚，它们必须首先确定自己需要多少能量。它们通过评估叶片中储存的能量，并将夜晚的时长考虑在内来计算。基于这个计算结果，它们随后以可持续的速率消耗养分)”可知，拟南芥通过运算来管理夜间的能量消耗。故选C项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出核心观点“某些植物能够‘计数’，甚至进行简单的运算”，随后以捕蝇草和拟南芥为例展开说明，最后总结植物的这类能力是生存所需的复杂智慧，因此“植物惊人的数学天赋”概括了全文的主题，适合作为文章最佳标题。故选D项。 (B) 1. Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge. 2. Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface. 3. You enter the castle from a steep winding route. It is 15 degrees at its steepest point,the average is five degrees and it is approximately 350 m from entering the castle to the top level at Crown Square. It is surfaced with cobbles,which can be uneven. 4. The One o’Clock Gun is on the level but cobbled area, next to the Redcoat Café. The gun makes a loud and sudden noise when it is fired. The gun is fired every day at 1 p.m., except Sundays, Good Friday, and Christmas Day. 5. Hospital Square is reached down a cobbled slope of 12 degrees. 6. The route continues up the cobbled rise through Foog’s Gate. This is the steepest part of the castle route. 7. Visitors will then enter Crown Square — a large, level, paved area. 8. The surface around St. Margaret’s Chapel and Mons Meg is cobbled. The Chapel has a small raised pathway up to a door 810mm wide. 9. Visitors then exit the castle via 70 stone steps with a handrail. Staff will be available to guide you back down through the castle if this exit is unsuitable for you. 40. If you’re at St. Margaret’s Chapel and want to grab a drink, you can head to your_________. A. northwest B. northeast C. southwest D. southeast 41. What can be inferred from the guidebook? A. Those who book their tickets online can enjoy a small discount. B. Visitors can expect the One o’clock Gun to be fired all year round. C. Parents with 2 kids (aged 15,10) do not qualify for a Family Ticket. D. Tourists can enjoy a completely level route throughout the whole visit. 42. The main purpose of this passage is to_________. A. promote the castle’s cafes and souvenir shops B. tell the dramatic story of the castle’s past battles C. offer the overview of the castle’s physical layout D. describe the historical significance of the castle 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了城堡的各个区域布局及设施情况。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The One o’Clock Gun is on the level but cobbled area, next to the Redcoat Café.(一点钟炮在平坦但铺有鹅卵石的区域，就在红衣咖啡馆旁边。)”以及第八段中“The surface around St. Margaret’s Chapel and Mons Meg is cobbled.(圣玛格丽特教堂和蒙斯梅格周围的地面铺有鹅卵石。)”结合地图可知，如果在圣玛格丽特教堂，想喝一杯，又想喝点东西，可以前往红衣咖啡馆，红衣咖啡馆在圣玛格丽特教堂的东北方向。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格中“Adults (aged 16-)(成人（16岁-）)”、“Children (aged 7-15)(儿童（7-15岁）)”对应的“Online price(在线价格)”和“Walk-up price(现场价格)”可知，成人在线价£21.50，现场价£24.00；儿童在线价£13.00，现场价£14.50。在线订票比现场购票更便宜，即能享受折扣。故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由“1.Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge.(1.游客需经由一座木板桥进入城堡。)”、“2.Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface.(2.进入城堡后，你的左侧设有无障碍卫生间，右侧是售票处 —— 两处地点都位于凹凸不平的鹅卵石路面之上。)”可知，文章详细介绍了进入城堡的路线、城堡内各区域的位置、地面状况、特殊设施（如厕所、售票处）、景点（如一点钟炮、圣玛格丽特教堂等）以及离开城堡的方式等，整体是在提供城堡的物理布局概述，这也是该文章的目的。故选C。 (C) On 27 September 1825, Robert Stephenson and Co’s Locomotion No.1 arrived in Stockton, England. As the first rail vehicle to carry passengers, it was greeted with a seven-gun salute and an astonished crowd. “It was found to be quite impossible to contain the enthusiasm of the crowd,” reported a journalist. This weekend the celebrations are likely to be slightly less wild, as the 200th anniversary of the pioneering Stockton and Darlington railway line(S&DR) is marked. But they will undoubtedly be heartfelt. A replica (复制品) of the pioneering engine is to recreate the original journey, with viewing tickets sold out along the route and a big screen following its progress in the town centre. A set of stamps in memory of the event is being issued, which feels appropriately old school. The businessmen who invested in the S&DR back in the 19th century were motivated by the functional benefits of transporting coal more efficiently. But their project eventually unlocked far wider human possibilities, transforming the sense of distance and changing the way the nation lived. Trains carried Victorian working-class families to the seaside and back, and reunited lovers on windswept platforms. Crowded 20th-century passenger trains ran regularly between satellite towns and cities. A railway station became part of the identity of a place, as well as a point of departure from it. These days the railways are journeying with difficulty towards a new era. The short-sighted railway cuts of the 1960s, and the needless, failed privatization (私有化) of the 1990s, were avoidable political errors whose legacy is still felt today. Extremely high-ticket prices and long-term mismanagement in the north, where the story began, harm the contemporary network. As the government gradually takes more train operators back under public ownership, a much-needed strategic reset is required. The rail industry should become a key force of green sustainable growth. Sadly, plans for high-speed rail in northern England are to be delayed again. This does not inspire confidence. For train lovers though, this weekend is about the past not the future. Locomotion No. 1 launched a journey that meant far more than travelling from A to B. From E Nesbit’s description of a rural childhood to WH Auden’s poem, the trip has left a lasting mark on our literature. Carnforth in Lancashire still celebrates its station’s role in the cinema classic Brief Encounter, where a tragic romance is brought to a close by a guard’s whistle, and the rhythmic sound of wheels beginning to move on track. 43. According to the passage, Locomotion No.1 referred to _________ A. a project founded by businessmen in the Victorian era B. a replica built to celebrate the railway’s 200th anniversary C. a machine dedicated to carrying coal out more efficiently D. a vehicle marking the beginning of passenger transport by rail 44. It can be inferred from the passage that the rail development_________ A. holds cultural significance beyond being a means of transportation B. has undergone a successful transition to meet modern-day demands C. is focusing on the construction and expansion of high-speed rail networks D. has suffered a decline due to the rise of more sustainable transport modes 45. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 most probably means _________ A. decisions intended for reforms have led to long-lasting damage B. increases in ticket price were meant for a potential service upgrade C. railway cuts in the 1960s once thought short-sighted prove necessary D. political errors in the past have ended the railway network for good 46. What’s the author’s attitude towards the changes in the railway over the past two centuries? A. disappointed but optimistic B. hateful and critical C. respectful yet regretful D. confident and admiring 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文纪念斯托克顿 - 达灵顿铁路线通车200周年，讲述其开创铁路客运的意义、社会文化影响，同时惋惜其发展中的失误与现状困境。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“On 27 September 1825, Robert Stephenson and Co’s Locomotion No.1 arrived in Stockton, England. As the first rail vehicle to carry passengers, it was greeted with a seven-gun salute and an astonished crowd. “It was found to be quite impossible to contain the enthusiasm of the crowd,” reported a journalist.( 1825年9月27日，罗伯特·斯蒂芬森公司的“1号机车”抵达英格兰的斯托克顿。作为第一辆载客的铁路车辆，它受到了七响礼炮和一片惊讶人群的热烈欢迎。一位记者报道说：“人们发现，要抑制住人群的狂热情绪几乎是不可能的。”)”可知，1号机车指的是标志着铁路客运时代开端的交通工具。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For train lovers though, this weekend is about the past, not the future. Locomotion No. 1 launched a journey that meant far more than travelling from A to B. From E Nesbit’s description of a rural childhood to WH Auden’s poem, the trip has left a lasting mark on our literature. Carnforth in Lancashire still celebrates its station’s role in the cinema classic Brief Encounter, where a tragic romance is brought to a close by a guard’s whistle, and the rhythmic sound of wheels beginning to move on track.(但对于火车爱好者来说，这个周末的意义在于回顾过去，而非展望未来。编号为 1的列车开启了一段远不止从 A 地到 B 地的旅程。从埃·内斯比特对乡村童年的描述到惠特·奥登的诗歌，这次旅行在我们的文学作品中留下了深远的影响。在兰开夏郡的坎福德，人们仍然铭记着该车站在经典电影《短暂的邂逅》中所扮演的重要角色，在这部影片中，一段悲惨的爱情因一名警卫的哨声以及轮子开始在铁轨上转动时发出的有节奏的声音而告终)”可知，铁路不仅是交通方式，还深刻影响了文学和影视，由此可推断铁路具有超越运输功能的文化意义。故选A。 【45题详解】 句意猜测题。根据第四段“These days the railways are journeying with difficulty towards a new era. The short-sighted railway cuts of the 1960s, and the needless, failed privatization of the 1990s, were avoidable political errors whose legacy is still felt today. Extremely high-ticket prices and long-term mismanagement in the north, where the story began, harm the contemporary network.(如今，铁路行业正艰难地迈向一个崭新的时代。20世纪60年代那些目光短浅的铁路建设消减，以及20世纪90年代不必要的、失败的私有化举措，都是可以避免的错误决策，其遗留影响至今仍可见。在故事起源的北方地区，高昂的票价和长期的管理不善损害了当前的铁路网络)”可知，20世纪60年代短视的铁路线路削减，以及90年代毫无必要且失败的私有化，都是本可避免的政治错误，其负面影响至今仍能被感受到。故划线句意思是“原本旨在进行改革的决策却造成了长期的损害”。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“On 27 September 1825, Robert Stephenson and Co’s Locomotion No. 1 arrived in Stockton, England. As the first rail vehicle to carry passengers, it was greeted with a seven-gun salute and an astonished crowd. “It was found to be quite impossible to contain the enthusiasm of the crowd,” reported a journalist.( 1825年9月27日，罗伯特·斯蒂芬森公司的“1号机车”抵达英格兰的斯托克顿。作为第一辆载客的铁路车辆，它受到了七响礼炮和一片惊讶人群的热烈欢迎。一位记者报道说：“人们发现，要抑制住人群的狂热情绪几乎是不可能的。”)”以及第四段“These days the railways are journeying with difficulty towards a new era. The short-sighted railway cuts of the 1960s, and the needless, failed privatization of the 1990s, were avoidable political errors whose legacy is still felt today. Extremely high-ticket prices and long-term mismanagement in the north, where the story began, harm the contemporary network.(如今，铁路行业正艰难地迈向一个崭新的时代。20世纪60年代那些目光短浅的铁路建设决策，以及20世纪90年代不必要的、失败的私有化举措，都是可以避免的错误决策，其遗留影响至今仍可见。在故事起源的北方地区，高昂的票价和长期的管理不善损害了当前的铁路网络)”文中肯定了 Stockton and Darlington 铁路线的开创性意义，以及铁路对人们生活、文化领域的深远影响；同时惋惜铁路发展中出现的政治失误（线路削减、私有化失败）、票价高昂、管理不善和高铁计划推迟等问题。可知，作者对于过去两百年间铁路的变化表示尊重但又略带遗憾。故选C。 Section C(8分 ) Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. African Union urges adoption of world map showing continent’s true size The African Union has supported a campaign to stop using the Mercator world map. The “Correct The Map” initiative urges governments and international organizations to use maps that show the true size of Africa. ____47____ It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. And it creates a false idea of Africa as less important, even though it is the world’s second-largest continent in both area and population.This incorrect view helps continue stereotypes (刻板印象) that affect international media, education, and policy. Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate.____48____ This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. Nevertheless, the Mercator map remains widely used in schools and across the tech industry. This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. ____49____ ____50____ Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. “We are working to make the Equal Earth projection the main map used in classrooms across Africa,” said Fara Ndiaye, co-founder of Speak Up Africa. In support of this educational effort, the African Union will encourage wider use of correct maps among its member states. A. The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents. B. Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity. C. Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. D. However, changing classroom materials alone won’t fully address public misconceptions. E. It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly F. Experts argue modern mapping tools have made traditional world projections less important. 【答案】47. A 48. E 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍非盟呼吁采用能展现非洲真实面积的地图，反对误导性的墨卡托地图，以纠正认知偏见。 【47题详解】 根据空后句子“It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. (它使两极附近的区域，如北美和欧洲，看起来更大，同时缩小了赤道附近的陆地，比如非洲)”可知，此空应介绍墨卡托地图存在面积失真的问题。A选项“The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents (墨卡托地图是16世纪的一种导航工具，它歪曲了世界各大洲的面积)”直接点明墨卡托地图的缺陷，且与后文内容紧密衔接，符合语境。故选A项。 【48题详解】 根据空前“Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. (尽管对墨卡托地图的批评并不是新鲜事，但这项运动重新引发了争论)”以及空后“This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. (这种修正至关重要，因为正如“非洲无滤镜”组织的莫基·马库拉所解释的那样，非洲在世界地图上长期以来一直以一种误导性的方式呈现)”可知，此空应说明该运动提出的修正方案。E选项“It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly (该运动鼓励使用2018年的等地球投影法来正确显示各国的面积)”中的it指代前文的“the campaign”，且“correctly”与后文的“correction”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 【49题详解】 根据空前“This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. (它作为无数教育资源的标准地图，其广泛使用程度显而易见)”可知，此空应进一步说明墨卡托地图的广泛应用场景。C选项“Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. (同样，它仍然是许多数字平台和移动应用程序上的主要世界地图)”中的“similarly”承接前文，且“many digital platforms and mobile apps”是对墨卡托地图应用范围的补充，符合语境。故选C项。 【50题详解】 根据空后句子“Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. (看到非洲在世界地图上被画得更小，会伤害人们的自尊心，损害儿童的自我形象)”可知，此空应引出墨卡托地图对人们认知和心理层面的影响。B选项“Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity (此外，墨卡托地图还会极大地影响人们的文化认同感)”中的“besides”表示递进关系，且“cultural identity”与后文的“pride”以及“self-image”相契合，符合语境。故选B项。 Ⅲ.Summary Writing(10分) 51. Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What is AI’s Role in Art Creation? As artificial intelligence advances across creative fields, a question emerges: Do people want AI to become an artist or simply a tool for artistic creation? Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. A key reason lies in the human dimension of art. When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was AI-produced. Their responses highlight a shared belief: People seek the imaginative struggles and personal histories behind creative works, a quality machines cannot genuinely copy. Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. Respondents criticized AI outputs as unoriginal, seeing them as mere reflections of models trained on vast quantities of human-created materials. The possibility of unauthorized data use and unclear artistic ownership fuels distrust. These worries reveal why people hesitate to view AI-generated materials-especially films-as real art: It lacks clear authorship and true creative intention. Yet attitudes shift when AI assists rather than replaces human artists. Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. This perspective points to a real obstacle in today’s creative world: Many individuals with ideas lack the resources or skills to realize them. In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. While AI can broaden artistic possibilities, it’s best used as a tool that supports and enriches human vision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks. Concerns about originality and copyright also lead to resistance toward AI-generated art. However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted. Ultimately, art is seen as a human-centered form of connection. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能在艺术创作中的角色，指出大众更倾向于AI作为创作工具而非独立艺术家，原因是人们看重艺术背后的人类情感与个人经历，且担忧AI作品的原创性和版权问题；AI辅助人类创作、降低创作门槛时易被接受，艺术终究是以人类为核心的情感联结方式。 【详解】1. 要点摘录（列出至少5个要点，均为原文原句） ①Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. ②When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. ③In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was Al-produced. ④Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. ⑤Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. ⑥In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. ⑦Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. 2. 缜密构思 以第①点总起，点明大众对AI的核心定位；整合②③点，说明人们重视艺术的人文属性是排斥AI替代创作的关键；以第④点作为原创性与版权层面的抗拒原因；整合⑤⑥点，体现大众对AI辅助创作的接受度及AI的作用；以第⑦点总结艺术的核心属性，最终整合所有要点形成与答案一致的表述。 3. 遣词造句 Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks. Concerns about originality and copyright also lead to resistance toward AI-generated art. However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted. Ultimately, art is seen as a human-centered form of connection. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks.（运用了because引导原因状语从句） [高分句型2] However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） IV.Translation (15分 ) Directions:Translate thefollowing sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52. 校门口，妈妈往她包里塞了一副手套和一条羊毛围巾。(pack) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、介词短语和名词。表示“在校门口”短语为at the school gate，在句中作地点状语；表示“她的妈妈”应用her mother；表示“塞……进……里”短语为pack...into...，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词pack用过去式packed；表示“一副手套”短语为a pair of gloves；表示“一条羊毛围巾”短语为a woolen scarf ；表示“包”应用bag。故答案为At the school gate, her mother packed a pair of gloves and a woolen scarf into her bag. 53. 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。（expose）（汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】The game based on Chinese classical novels exposes many foreign players to Eastern charm. 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词、动词时态和固定搭配。根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，全句使用一般现在时；表示“这款游戏”为the game作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“基于中国古典小说的”作定语修饰主语，“基于……”为based on为过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动关系，表示“中国古典小说”为Chinese classical novels作宾语；主语为the game，视为单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，表示“让……感受到”为expose...to...，表示“使接触/体验到”，所以谓语动词为exposes；“许多外国玩家”为many foreign players作exposes的宾语，“东方魅力”译为Eastern charm作介词to的宾语。故翻译为The game based on Chinese classical novels exposes many foreign players to Eastern charm. 54. 这位工程师将心血倾注于芯片研发，不断攻坚克难，赢得了“时代楷模”的美名。(invest) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.” 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、副词和名词。表示“工程师”用the engineer；表示“倾注……于”短语为invest...in...，此处用invest all his efforts in表示“将心血倾注于”，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时；表示“芯片研发”短语为chip research；表示“不断”短语为constantly；表示“攻坚克难”短语为overcome difficulties，此处使用副词constantly作状语修饰动词，同时the engineer与overcome之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语；表示“赢得……美名”短语为earn the title of...，此处用earned the title “Role Model of the Times”表示“赢得了‘时代楷模’的美名”，与前文invested构成并列。故翻译为The engineer invested all his efforts in chip research, constantly overcoming difficulties, and earned the title “Role Model of the Times.” 55. 在失重的环境中，吃饭喝水皆非易事，但中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴。(so...that...) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和状语从句。表示“在失重的环境中”可用in a weightless environment，作状语；表示“吃饭喝水”可用动名词eating and drinking；表示“皆非易事”可用be challenging，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是两个并列的动名词，为复数意义，be用are；“中国人对吃的挚爱让我们的宇航员在空间站里成功吃上了烧烤盛宴”可处理为结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”用so…that…；从句中主语表示“中国人对吃的挚爱”可理解为“中国宇航员对食物的深厚热爱”用Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food；表示“使某人能够……”可用enable sb. to do sth.，从句陈述已经发生的事，用一般过去时，enable用过去式enabled；表示“成功吃上了烧烤盛宴”可用enjoy a barbecue feast successfully；表示“在空间站里”为in the space station。故翻译为In a weightless environment, eating and drinking are so challenging that Chinese astronauts’ deep love for food enabled them to enjoy a barbecue feast successfully in the space station. V.Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 今年，部分学校将试行中小学“春秋假”,即缩减原本的寒暑假期，并在每年春季和秋季两个学期为学生增设相应的短假期。假设你是明启中学的李明，你校正针对这一方案向全体师生征集意见与建议，请你给学生会写一封邮件表达你的看法和建议。内容须包括： 1. 你是否支持设立春秋假； 2. 你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Students’ Union, I’m Li Ming from Grade 10, and I fully support the introduction of spring and autumn holidays in our school calendar. While summer and winter breaks are long, they often lead to learning loss and irregular routines. Shorter, more frequent breaks — like a week in April and October — could help students recharge without falling behind. These “seasonal holidays” also offer great chances to connect with nature during mild weather, reducing stress and improving mental health. Plus, families could plan meaningful short trips that are more affordable and less crowded than peak-season travel. That said, I suggest these holidays not fall right before exams and that teachers avoid assigning heavy homework during them, so students can truly rest. Thank you for considering my opinion! Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学学生李明的身份给学生会写邮件，针对中小学试行“春秋假”的方案表达看法并说明理由，需明确是否支持该方案。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 支持：support → approve of 学习脱节：learning loss → academic regression 恢复精力：recharge → refresh 繁重的作业：heavy homework → excessive assignments 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：These “seasonal holidays” also offer great chances to connect with nature during mild weather, reducing stress and improving mental health. 拓展句：These “seasonal holidays” also offer great chances that enable people to connect with nature during mild weather, reducing stress and improving mental health. 【点睛】【高分句型1】While summer and winter breaks are long, they often lead to learning loss and irregular routines.（运用了while引导的让步状语从句） 【高分句型2】These “seasonal holidays” also offer great chances to connect with nature during mild weather, reducing stress and improving mental health.（运用现在分词短语reducing stress and improving mental health作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $