寒假作业03 名词性从句（巩固培优）（高考真题+名校热点话题练习）高二英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业03 名词性从句 一、名词性从句的分类 （一）根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。 （二）根据引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 1.连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 2.连接代词：who, what, which, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever 3.连接副词：where, when, why, how (how much, how long…), wherever, whenever, however 二、各个连接词用法及意思。 引导词 意思 在从句中充当什么成分 that 无意思 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 whether/if 是否 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 because 因为（表从） 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 as if= as though 好像（表从） 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 连 接 代 词 what ….的东西；…的事；….的情况；….的话；…的地点； 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或表语 whatever 任何东西；任何事…. 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或表语 who 谁 在从句中可充当主语， whoever 无论谁 在从句中可充当主语， whom 谁（宾格） 在从句中可充当宾语或表语 whomever 无论谁（宾格） 在从句中可充当宾语或表语 which 哪一个 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语 whichever 无论哪一个 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语 whose 谁的 + 名词 在从句中可充当定语 how many 多少 how much 多少 引导词 意思 在从句中充当什么成分 连接副词 when 什么时候 状语 where 什么地方 why 为什么 how 怎样 注：whether与if：只有在及物动词后引导宾语从句，且不与or not 直接连用时，可以互换。其余的主，宾，表，同位从句中都用whether. 三、名词性从句的类型与功能。 主语从句：在句子中充当主语。 例句：What he said was true.（他说的是真的。） 常见结构： That he succeeded encouraged us all.（他成功了，这鼓舞了我们所有人。） Whether we will go depends on the weather.（我们是否去取决于天气。） 宾语从句：在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后充当宾语。 例句： I know that she is a doctor.（我知道她是一名医生。） She is worried about whether he will come.（她担心他是否会来。） I am sure that you will succeed.（我确定你会成功。） 表语从句：位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear）后，说明主语的内容。 例句： The truth is that he lied.（事实是他说谎了。） The question is whether we can finish on time.（问题是我们能否按时完成。） 同位语从句：对抽象名词（如 fact, idea, news, belief）进行解释说明，通常由 that 引导（不可省略）。 例句： The news that he won the award surprised us.（他获奖的消息让我们惊讶。） I have no idea where she lives.（我不知道她住在哪里。） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、高考真题练习 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 2.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 3.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________ to thank him.” 4.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 5.（2021新高考I卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. __________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 6.（2021北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about __________she lived. 二、单句语法填空 1．There is little doubt Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 2． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind. 3．The reason why he is late for school is he missed the bus. 4．She often comes late. That’s she has a baby to take care of. 5． the earth goes around the sun is a universally accepted fact. 6．The most important person in my life is always supports me when I am in trouble. 7．It makes no difference you approve of my plan or not. 8．The good news is this stormy period will not last. 9．This is exactly I need right now. 10．As students, we need is to commit ourselves to studying for our motherland. 11．You have improved your studying methods. That is you have made great progress in English. 12．There is a good chance more schools will promote intelligent classroom teaching to better meet the personalized learning needs of students. 13．The widespread conviction continuous effort is the key to overcoming difficulties provides students with great mental strength during the intense college entrance examination preparation. 14．The belief the Siyin Miao embroidered seals on clothes as a signal has been passed down. 15． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 16． scientists point to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 17． is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. 18． first fascinated him were the exquisite costumes and melodic singing of Peking Opera. 19．The rapid development of 5G technology has fundamentally changed we communicate, work, and access information, making the world more connected than ever before. 20．Researchers had long sought to explain Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of clay suggested a connection between floods and the civilization’s end. 21． we will go camping this weekend depends entirely on the weather forecast. 22．The new evidence has led to the conclusion the historical event might have happened a century earlier than previously thought. 23．Videos and an interactive chat robot allow users to get the platform provides beyond text and further broaden users’ horizons. 24．The assumption alternative farming methods could boost yields convinced many farmers. 25．Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder the beauty of math can be found in literary works. 26．Once you know you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. 27．We all cheered up at the news our class won the speech contest. 28．The biggest problem is we can get enough money for the project. 29．Many young entrepreneurs are confused about they can balance the pressure of starting a business and the responsibility of taking care of their elderly parents. 30．She put forward a suggestion we could improve the efficiency of the teamwork by simplifying the approval process. 31．There has been a heated discussion about the question we can set up more public reading corners to meet citizens’ reading needs. 32．The manager raised the question the company should launch the new product to the market to seize the business opportunity. 33．She expressed the hope she could spend the summer vacation volunteering in the mountainous area to help the left-behind children with their studies. 34．The young man devotes almost all his spare time to online games instead of studying, and that’s he has fallen far behind his classmates in academic performance. 35．The traditional view flower and plant buyers are mainly those with plenty of free time has changed in recent years. 36．After a semester of observation and communication, that’s exactly the group of parents and students in Hangzhou has found about excellent class teachers. 37．There is no doubt regular daily exercise can improve teenagers' physical fitness and reduce the risk of obesity. 38．The researcher has some doubt the new drug can effectively relieve the symptoms of the chronic disease within a short period. 39．The food blogger received thousands of comments asking this simple homemade yogurt can keep fresh for such a long time without any preservatives. 40．Under questioning by authorities, the three led police to the boy’s body, after initially denying that they knew it was buried. 41．At the beginning of the free training courses, many parents expressed doubt young athletes aged 8-14 could make a meaningful impact in sports competitions. 42．Scholars can’t say for certain the character of Sun Wukong came from, but Journey to the West likely borrowed from existing myths and legends. 43．I can’t figure out the online shopping platform will refund my money after I returned the defective product. 44．The onlookers who watch them playing with great athleticism are amazed at Chai and his fellow players can achieve. 45． the film teaches is courage, justice, and friendship, which resonate widely, contributing to its box office success and critical acclaim. 46． honesty is the foundation of any successful relationship, whether personal or professional, is universally acknowledged. 47． excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with the technology. 48．Geneticists have been trying to identify genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 49． started as a small hobby of growing flowers has turned into a popular community activity. 50．My parents used they had to get a new car for my brother. 51．Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about the poem sounds when you read it aloud. 52．He always buys his mother likes on her birthday, no matter how much it costs. 53．This is the famous writer used to live, and many fans come here to visit every year. 54．You can ask for help from is willing to give you a hand, instead of waiting for a specific person. 55．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. 56．High school students will be better aware of the real world is like by participating in community service. 57．One of the proudest moments in my life is I was rewarded for my courage after saving a drowning child. 58．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 59．People who visited me used to ask me I could sleep. “Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise?” 60．The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check the bag had 50 gold coins. 一、完形填空 （25-26高二上·河南三门峡·期中）Ms Brooks was a high school teacher in a less developed town in Mexico. She had been always helping the children who found it hard to 1 school. Born into a family that could hardly make ends meet, Ms. Brooks had been 2 to quit school after middle school, though she was 3 about learning. The decision weighed heavily on her young heart. 4 , she was not the one to give in. With determination, she worked tirelessly to 5 herself while continuing her studies in her spare time. Her hard work 6 when she finally earned her Bachelor’s degree. As a teacher, Ms. Brooks met many students facing the 7 similar to those that almost ended her own educational journey. Ms. Brooks served as a(n) 8 guide to her students. She tried her best to help these children stay in school, 9 how education could shape one’s life. But Ms. Brooks realized that her personal 10 alone could not fully address the problem. Therefore, she started a campaign (运动) called Lifting Children’s Dreams to 11 money to provide all the students with equal chance to receive education. The 12 to her campaign was unbelievable. Donations (捐赠物) poured in from citizens and organizations. The campaign also made people know about the 13 of children in less developed areas in the country. What Lifting Children’s Dreams 14 and all Ms. Brooks’ tireless work became a symbol of 15 , proving that united action could really make a big difference to others’ life and future. 1．A．afford B．survive C．reach D．leave 2．A．expected B．forced C．advised D．invited 3．A．anxious B．worried C．curious D．passionate 4．A．However B．Besides C．Despite D．Therefore 5．A．introduce B．confirm C．support D．enjoy 6．A．came along B．paid off C．broke down D．reflected on 7．A．changes B．responsibilities C．requests D．difficulties 8．A．creative B．active C．caring D．interesting 9．A．doubting B．understanding C．memorizing D．guessing 10．A．goals B．recommendations C．errors D．efforts 11．A．raise B．manage C．lend D．exchange 12．A．honor B．solution C．preference D．response 13．A．situation B．destination C．connection D．application 14．A．required B．spread C．achieved D．surveyed 15．A．respect B．hope C．inspiration D．progress 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·广东汕头·期中）Most high schools offer dozens of clubs. In this article, we highlight and explain four of the most popular. Engineering Club Whether you are certain about what engineering you’ re interested in or simply have a knack (本领) for building, join this club. Probably, you’ll get to work on many cool projects. If you have a wish to go after engineering in college and as a career, it helps to pick up the basics in high school. Photography Club If you’re interested in pursuing photography as a career or simply want to further explore this hobby, this club would be a great fit. Not only will you be surrounded by those who share your interests, but you’ll also learn more about the field. Debate Club Debate club will provide you with many important life and career skills, including how to be an effective public speaker, how to form a well-reasoned argument, how to persuade others to share your point of view, and more. As a member of a debate club, you may compete against students from your own school or those in debate clubs at nearby schools and discuss a wide range of topics. Model United Nations As a program administered by most high schools and middle schools in the United States, Model United Nations teaches students about diplomacy, foreign relations, and the operations of the United Nations. It is a simulation of the UN General Assembly in which students role-play as delegates representing countries around the world and discuss major global issues, including climate change, global health, and much more. 1．Who are these clubs intended for? A．Undergraduates. B．Laid-off workers. C．Primary school students. D．High school students. 2．What can participants do in the Debate Club? A．Work on many cool projects. B．Explore the fields and hills further. C．Learn to form a well-reasoned argument. D．Represent different countries to discuss global issues. 3．Which club suits you best if you want to learn foreign relations? A．Debate Club. B．Engineering Club. C．Photography Club. D．Model United Nations. （25-26高二上·天津·期中）At a large forest park in eastern Beijing, 11 birds on the state-level protection list were recently released. These birds had recovered after the Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center rescued and took care of them. “We will speed up our efforts to push the establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers to jointly guard the health of wildlife,” said Du Lianhai, director of the center. The center was set up in 2001 and built a wildlife rescue base in the capital’s Shunyi District in 2005. Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated over 30,000 wild animals in total. Wildlife protection has been strengthened in Beijing in recent years. On June 1st, the city’s newly adopted regulation on wildlife protection took effect, introducing stricter and more concrete measures to protect the environment and wildlife. For example, the regulation states clearly that Beijing bans hunting throughout the year, compared with the previous regulation which bans hunting during the periods of March to May and September to November each year. The new regulation also gives severer punishment for poachers. After years of monitoring, data with the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau recently showed ecological reconstruction progress. The species and quantity of wild animals in Beijing are continuously increasing, with the number of terrestrial spinal wild animals (陆地脊椎野生动物) growing from 461 species in 1994 to more than 500. The habitat of the endangered bird has expanded from Fangshan District to the whole city, according to the bureau. “The enforcement of the new regulation marked a new phase in Beijing’s wildlife protection work,” said Dai Mingchao, deputy director of the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau. “We will step up the publicity of the regulation and raise citizens’ awareness of wildlife protection,” Dai said. “In our integrated protection of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, we take into full consideration the requirements of food-chain construction, ecological corridor construction, and wildlife and their habitat protection.” 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A．introduce the topic B．present an argument C．reach a conclusion D．describe a place 2．What have the staff at the wildlife rescue base done? A．They have sped up their efforts to help the birds recover. B．They have guarded people’s health against danger. C．They have saved wild animals from a dangerous situation. D．They have pushed the establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers. 3．What does the underlined word “concrete” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Practical. B．Temporary. C．Effective. D．Specific. 4．What can we learn from Paragraphs 7 and 8? A．Beijing citizens are still not familiar with the new regulation. B．After taking the new regulation, Beijing will enter a new phase. C．They rarely give full consideration to the requirements of food-chain construction. D．The protection of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are not in the new regulation yet. （25-26高二上·福建泉州·期中）This week, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an AI tool built to create music. The tool, called Music LM, is not the first AI music tool to be launched. But the examples Google provided demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. Several different music examples produced by Music LM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one- or two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, “rock” or “techno”. The tool also created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In one example, Google researchers included these instructions to Music LM, “It is a soundtrack of a game. It is fast-paced and upbeat, with a catchy electric guitar riff. The music is repetitive and easy to remember, but with unexpected sounds.” In the resulting recording, the music seemed to keep very close to the description. The team said the more detailed the description was, the better the system could attempt to produce it. The Music LM model operates similarly to the machine-learning systems used by ChatGPT. ChatGPT and Music LM both require powerful computers to handle complex machine-learning models. The San Francisco-based company OpenAI launched ChatGPT late last year. ChatGPT has recently received a lot of attention because of its ability to generate complex writings and other content from just a simple description in natural languages. Such tools can produce incredibly human-like results because they are trained on enormous amounts of data. Many different materials are fed into the systems to permit them to learn complex skills to create realistic works. However, the Music LM researchers said there were some risks linked to the new tool. One of the biggest issues the researchers identified was preferences present in the training data. A preference might be including too much of one side and not enough of the other. The researchers said this raised a question about appropriateness for music generation for cultures underrepresented in the training data. 1．What can we learn about Music LM? A．It is the first AI music tool to be launched. B．It requires detailed descriptions of full sentences. C．It generates complex writings from a simple description. D．It creates music based on simple descriptive words. 2．What can be inferred from the passage about AI tools like Music LM and ChatGPT? A．They will soon replace human creators. B．They need a large amount of data for training. C．They have no limitations in their applications. D．They are only useful in the field of music. 3．Which of the following is an issue of the Music LM model? A．Being difficult for some people to use. B．Requiring too much training data. C．Creating music with strong preference. D．Producing music works with no creativity. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The development of AI tools. B．The popularity of ChatGPT. C．The features and problems of Music LM. D．The difference between Music LM and ChatGPT. （25-26高二上·四川南充·月考）Traveling is a great opportunity to pick up souvenirs that can remind you of your adventures. However, buying souvenirs can be risky. 1 . How do you pick the perfect souvenir that will last and hold true sentimental value? 2 . You would come across a piece that catches your eye during your travels. However, buying on impulse can lead to regrets. This is particularly true when you choose something because it’s convenient or because you felt pressured by the seller. One key aspect to keep in mind when shopping for a souvenir is its practical value. 3 . Focus on practical items that could be used as mementos, like a cozy blanket or a handwoven rug. These items can be used regularly, reminding you of the trip long after you’ve returned home. Another great tip is to look for items that represent the place you’re visiting. For example, a unique local artifact or a handmade item that tells the story of the place can be a better choice than mass-produced souvenirs. An item used every day can carry the essence of a place. 4 . A rug, for instance, would be perfect for a trip to Morocco, whereas a painting might suit a visit to Peru. When trying to pick the perfect souvenir, it’s important to balance practicality with personal meaning. You don’t have to follow trends. Instead, choose something that represents your own experience. 5 . For instance, if you visit a local market, ask about the history of the item or whether it has a specific meaning. This connection adds to the significance of the souvenir. So, the next time you’re traveling, take your time and choose a souvenir that will remind you of the moments that truly mattered. A．The memory of a souvenir is its best value. B．For some, a souvenir should serve a functional purpose. C．The process of selecting a souvenir is often impulsive. D．It’s the memories and the experience that make it worthwhile. E．You should consider whether it fits the context of your destination. F．Some travelers avoid buying souvenir to prevent any disappointment. G．While some items bring joy, others may end up being regrettable purchases. （25-26高二上·四川南充·月考）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Standing at the center of Yuyuan Garden’s Central Plaza in Shanghai is an eye-catching installation 32 (make) of woven bamboo, 33 intangible cultural heritage from Daoming town in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Kicking off on Nov. 14 and running through Dec. 14, a festival is gathering hundreds of China’s intangible cultural heritage crafts 34 over 20 time-honored brands around Yuyuan Garden and its mall area. Over the month-long 35 (celebrate), inheritors of diverse intangible cultural heritages offer innovative, immersive, interactive, and international demonstrations of traditional Chinese culture for domestic and overseas visitors. Xiao Yao, the 31-year-old inheritor of the Daoming bamboo-weaving craft, leads the design and setup of the 36 (impress) installation. Decorated with golden ginkgo leaves, the woven bamboo 37 (paint) in gold and red, flowing over the roofs of historical buildings across Yuyuan. 38 (boast) a profound history of over 2,000 years, Daoming bamboo-weaving was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2014. The residents in Daoming town 39 (begin) planting bamboo and making household tools out of it since the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), according to Xiao. The environmentally friendly craft is now also 40 (wide) used to make frames, window designs, and mall decorations, 41 has greatly improved Daoming’s local economy and the residents’ livelihoods. （25-26高二上·江苏泰州·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s consumer market is experiencing a significant transformation, 1 (drive) largely by the growing emphasis on emotional satisfaction among the younger generation. It is now increasingly common to see young consumers lining up in malls, not for daily necessities like food or household items, but for products and services 2 (deliver) psychological satisfaction. A typical example is the extremely popular Labubu blind-box toys, which have developed into a cultural phenomenon since their release. It even leads to 3 (globe) shortages, appealing to the youth’s desire 4 emotional comfort and social expression. This trend reflects a profound shift in consumption values. 5 traditional economic theory places emphasis on reasoning, young consumers, especially Gen Z, 6 (motivate) by emotional values. Studies show that cute and playful 7 (design), such as those of Labubu, activate the brain’s pleasure centers and pathways associated with pleasure, thereby generating instant happiness and reducing stress in today’s fast-paced, high-pressure life. Moreover, sharing unboxing experiences online strengthens interpersonal connections 8 creates a sense of belonging. Obviously, emotional value has become an important factor in purchasing decisions. The change points toward 9 more balanced consumption ecosystem 10 emotional well-being is as important as functional quality. （25-26高二上·河北邯郸·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s first key national R&D project equipment for high-altitude wind energy — the world’s largest 5,000-square-meter power-generating kite — 1 (successful) completed all scheduled flight tests in Alxa Left Banner, North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on Wednesday. The China-made kite, 2 (develop) under a national program led by China Energy Engineering Corp, achieved full in-air deployment and retraction (部署与回收) during testing, 3 (mark) a solid step toward the engineering 4 (apply) of high-altitude wind power technology in China. Looking like a giant kite, the power-generating kite can collect wind energy above 300 meters high and transmit it to the ground through a tether cable (电缆) that drives a generator. The 5 (late) test carried out the deployment and retraction of both a 5,000-square-meter kite and two 1,200-square-meter kites. High-altitude wind energy, often described as 6 untouched “no-man’s land” of renewable power, offers significant potential thanks to its higher wind speeds, stable directions, 7 greater energy density. Currently two main technological paths 8 (explore) globally — airborne and ground-based systems — but there is still a long way to go. In the airborne approach, lightweight wind turbines (风力涡轮机) are fixed on flying platforms 9 (generate) electricity in the sky. The recent test focused on the ground-based model, 10 a working wind turbine deployed at high altitude captures wind energy to drive a ground-based generator. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业03 名词性从句 一、名词性从句的分类 （一）根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。 （二）根据引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 1.连接词： that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 2.连接代词：who, what, which, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever 3.连接副词：where, when, why, how (how much, how long…), wherever, whenever, however 二、各个连接词用法及意思。 引导词 意思 在从句中充当什么成分 that 无意思 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 whether/if 是否 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 because 因为（表从） 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 as if= as though 好像（表从） 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 连 接 代 词 what ….的东西；…的事；….的情况；….的话；…的地点； 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或表语 whatever 任何东西；任何事…. 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或表语 who 谁 在从句中可充当主语， whoever 无论谁 在从句中可充当主语， whom 谁（宾格） 在从句中可充当宾语或表语 whomever 无论谁（宾格） 在从句中可充当宾语或表语 which 哪一个 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语 whichever 无论哪一个 在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语 whose 谁的 + 名词 在从句中可充当定语 how many 多少 how much 多少 引导词 意思 在从句中充当什么成分 连接副词 when 什么时候 状语 where 什么地方 why 为什么 how 怎样 注：whether与if：只有在及物动词后引导宾语从句，且不与or not 直接连用时，可以互换。其余的主，宾，表，同位从句中都用whether. 三、名词性从句的类型与功能。 主语从句：在句子中充当主语。 例句：What he said was true.（他说的是真的。） 常见结构： That he succeeded encouraged us all.（他成功了，这鼓舞了我们所有人。） Whether we will go depends on the weather.（我们是否去取决于天气。） 宾语从句：在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后充当宾语。 例句： I know that she is a doctor.（我知道她是一名医生。） She is worried about whether he will come.（她担心他是否会来。） I am sure that you will succeed.（我确定你会成功。） 表语从句：位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear）后，说明主语的内容。 例句： The truth is that he lied.（事实是他说谎了。） The question is whether we can finish on time.（问题是我们能否按时完成。） 同位语从句：对抽象名词（如 fact, idea, news, belief）进行解释说明，通常由 that 引导（不可省略）。 例句： The news that he won the award surprised us.（他获奖的消息让我们惊讶。） I have no idea where she lives.（我不知道她住在哪里。） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、高考真题练习 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 2.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 答案：why。 解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 3.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________ to thank him.” 3.how 【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 4.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 4. whether或if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 5.（2021新高考I卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. __________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 5. What 【解析】考查名词性从句。该句的“ 56 is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用What。 6.（2021北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about __________she lived. 6. where 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。 二、单句语法填空 1．There is little doubt Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖。空处引导同位语从句，对名词doubt进行解释说明，从句不缺成分，句意完整，应用无实际意义的that引导。故填that。 2． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind. 【答案】When 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们国家成立的那一天是我们所有人都应该铭记的日子。分析句子结构并根据语意可知，“is”前为主语从句，从句中主干成分完整，但缺少表示“时间”的状语，应用连接副词“when”来引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写，符合“强调国家成立的时间”的语境。故填When。 3．The reason why he is late for school is he missed the bus. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他上学迟到的原因是他错过了公共汽车。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 4．She often comes late. That’s she has a baby to take care of. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个孩子要照顾。本空引导表语从句，从句是对前文“She often comes late”的原因进行解释，用because“因为”引导表语从句，说明原因。故填because。 5． the earth goes around the sun is a universally accepted fact. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：地球绕着太阳转是一个被普遍接受的事实。“_____ the earth goes around the sun”为主语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，应用that引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填That。 6．The most important person in my life is always supports me when I am in trouble. 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在我的生命中，最重要的人就是那些在我遇到困难时始终支持我的人。引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“无论谁”用whoever。故填whoever。 7．It makes no difference you approve of my plan or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你对我的计划支持与否没有影响。It是形式主语，空处引导一个主语从句，作真正的主语，表示“是否”，且后有or not，所以使用whether引导，whether...or not是固定搭配，意为“是否”。故填whether。 8．The good news is this stormy period will not last. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：好消息是这段多风暴的时期不会持续下去。空处引导表语从句，从句“this stormy period will not last”结构完整、语义明确，不缺任何成分，所以此处使用连接词“that”，仅起引导作用，无实际含义。故填that。 9．This is exactly I need right now. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这正是我现在需要的东西。空处引导表语从句，在从句中作动词“need”的宾语，指代事物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 10．As students, we need is to commit ourselves to studying for our motherland. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：作为学生，我们所需要的是全身心投入学习，为祖国而读书。“_______” we need为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 11．You have improved your studying methods. That is you have made great progress in English. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你改进了你的学习方法。这就是你在英语上取得巨大进步的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，结合句意可知此处指“……的原因”，使用连接副词why引导，在从句中作原因状语，故填why。 12．There is a good chance more schools will promote intelligent classroom teaching to better meet the personalized learning needs of students. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：很有可能会有更多的学校推行智能化课堂教学，以更好地满足学生的个性化学习需求。解释说明chance，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故填that。 13．The widespread conviction continuous effort is the key to overcoming difficulties provides students with great mental strength during the intense college entrance examination preparation. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，不断努力是克服困难的关键，这为学生在紧张的高考准备过程中提供了巨大的精神力量。分析句子可知，空格后是一个完整的句子（continuous effort is the key...），用来解释说明抽象名词conviction的具体内容，且从句中不缺少任何成分，故用连词that引导同位语从句。故填that。 14．The belief the Siyin Miao embroidered seals on clothes as a signal has been passed down. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：四印苗族将刺绣印章缝于衣物上作为信号的这一信仰已代代相传。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词belief的具体内容，即“四印苗将印章绣在衣服上作为信号”这一信念，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that引导。故填that。 15． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使2025年“人工智能+”行动方案具有突破性意义的，是其专注于将人工智能与传统产业融合以培育全新经济增长模式。空格位于句首，引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语（指事物），故用连接代词 What 引导，意为“所……的事物”。故填What。 16． scientists point to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：科学家指出全球变暖是热浪的主要诱因，这一发现已在欧洲引发警报。空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，因此用连接词that引导，that在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用。该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填That。 17． is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：显而易见的是，三星堆故事的诸多方面至今仍笼罩在神秘之中。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 18． first fascinated him were the exquisite costumes and melodic singing of Peking Opera. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：首先使他着迷的是京剧精美的服装和优美的唱腔。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首首字母大写。故填What。 19．The rapid development of 5G technology has fundamentally changed we communicate, work, and access information, making the world more connected than ever before. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：5G技术的快速发展从根本上改变了我们沟通、工作和获取信息的方式，使世界比以往任何时候都更加紧密相连。空格处引导宾语从句，作changed的宾语；从句中主谓宾结构完整，但缺少表示“方式”的状语，故用连接副词how引导，意为“如何、怎样”。故填how。 20．Researchers had long sought to explain Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of clay suggested a connection between floods and the civilization’s end. 【答案】why 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：研究人员长期以来一直试图解释良渚被遗弃的原因，而粘土的发现表明洪水与文明的终结之间存在联系。空格处引导宾语从句，作explain的宾语，从句中缺少原因状语，因此用连接副词why引导，表示“为什么良渚文明被遗弃”。故填why。 21． we will go camping this weekend depends entirely on the weather forecast. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们这个周末是否去露营完全取决于天气预报的情况。空格位于句首，引导主语从句，表示“是否”用whether，首字母大写。故填Whether。 22．The new evidence has led to the conclusion the historical event might have happened a century earlier than previously thought. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：新的证据使得人们得出这样的结论：这一历史事件的发生时间可能比之前认为的要早一个世纪。空格后是一个完整的句子，用来解释说明抽象名词conclusion的具体内容，且从句成分完整，故用连接词that引导同位语从句。故填that。 23．Videos and an interactive chat robot allow users to get the platform provides beyond text and further broaden users’ horizons. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：视频和交互式聊天机器人让用户获取该平台所提供的除文本之外的内容，进一步拓宽用户的视野。分析句子结构，____ the platform provides作get的宾语，是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作provides的宾语，表示“……的东西”，所以用what。故填what。 24．The assumption alternative farming methods could boost yields convinced many farmers. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：替代耕作方法可以提高产量的假设说服了许多农民。分析句子结构可知，本句为同位语从句，解释说明名词assumption的具体内容。从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。 25．Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder the beauty of math can be found in literary works. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：数学和文学可能是两门让学生头疼的学科。然而，科学家们想知道数学的美是否能在文学作品中找到。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，但缺少“是否”之意，应用连接词whether/if来引导。故填whether/if。 26．Once you know you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. 【答案】why 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一旦你明白了自己为什么会生气，就有可能找到解决问题的办法了。设空处引导宾语从句作know的宾语，从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。 27．We all cheered up at the news our class won the speech contest. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：听到我们班赢得演讲比赛的消息，我们都欢呼起来。空处引导同位语从句，解释news的具体内容，从句不缺成分，句意完整，用that引导，故填that。 28．The biggest problem is we can get enough money for the project. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：最大的问题是我们能否为这个项目拿到足够的钱。此处为句子作系动词is的表语，表语从句不缺成分，表示“是否”，用whether引导，故填whether。 29．Many young entrepreneurs are confused about they can balance the pressure of starting a business and the responsibility of taking care of their elderly parents. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：许多年轻创业者困惑于如何在创业压力和照顾年迈父母的责任之间取得平衡。分析句子结构可知，此空引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语；结合语境“困惑于平衡的方式”，需用连接词how在从句中作方式状语，符合语境。故填how。 30．She put forward a suggestion we could improve the efficiency of the teamwork by simplifying the approval process. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她提出了一个建议，即我们可以通过简化审批流程来提高团队工作效率。引导同位语从句，说明suggestion，从句不缺少成分和句意，故填that。 31．There has been a heated discussion about the question we can set up more public reading corners to meet citizens’ reading needs. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：关于我们能否设立更多公共阅读角以满足市民阅读需求的问题，一直存在激烈的讨论。引导同位语从句，说明question，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”用whether。故填whether。 32．The manager raised the question the company should launch the new product to the market to seize the business opportunity. 【答案】when 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：经理提出了一个问题，即公司什么时候应该将新产品推向市场以抓住商机。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明question的具体内容，表示“什么时候”，应用when引导该同位语从句。故填when。 33．She expressed the hope she could spend the summer vacation volunteering in the mountainous area to help the left-behind children with their studies. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她表示希望暑假能在山区做志愿者，帮助留守儿童学习。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明hope的具体内容，从句不缺成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 34．The young man devotes almost all his spare time to online games instead of studying, and that’s he has fallen far behind his classmates in academic performance. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个年轻人几乎把所有的业余时间都花在了网络游戏上，而不是学习上，这就是他学业成绩远远落后于同学的原因。本空引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用连接副词why引导，意为“……的原因”。故填why。 35．The traditional view flower and plant buyers are mainly those with plenty of free time has changed in recent years. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：近年来，认为花草购买者主要是那些有充足空闲时间的人的传统观点已经改变。分析句子结构可知，“flower and plant buyers are mainly those with plenty of free time”是对前面名词“The traditional view”的解释说明，为同位语从句，从句语意完整、不缺成分，此空应是that。故填that。 36．After a semester of observation and communication, that’s exactly the group of parents and students in Hangzhou has found about excellent class teachers. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：经过一个学期的观察和交流，这正是杭州的家长和学生们发现的关于优秀班主任的情况。此处为表语从句引导词，从句中缺少谓语动词has found的宾语，用关系代词what充当宾语成分，表示“……的东西，……的事物，……的情况”。故填what。 37．There is no doubt regular daily exercise can improve teenagers' physical fitness and reduce the risk of obesity. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，每天有规律的锻炼能够提高青少年的身体素质，并降低肥胖的风险。引导同位语从句，说明doubt的内容，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that。故填that。 38．The researcher has some doubt the new drug can effectively relieve the symptoms of the chronic disease within a short period. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：这位研究人员对这种新药能否在短期内有效缓解慢性病症状存有一些疑问。根据空前抽象名词“doubt”以及空后“the new drug can effectively relieve the symptoms of the chronic disease within a short period”句子结构完整可知，此处需填引导同位语从句的连接词，解释说明doubt的具体内容。doubt在肯定句中后接同位语从句时，常用whether引导，意为“是否”，不充当句子成分但表示疑问含义。故填whether。 39．The food blogger received thousands of comments asking this simple homemade yogurt can keep fresh for such a long time without any preservatives. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这位美食博主收到了数千条评论，大家都在询问这款简单的自制酸奶如何能在不加任何防腐剂的情况下保鲜这么久。结合语境，评论的核心是 “询问酸奶保鲜的方式/方法”，因此用疑问词how（表 “如何、怎样”）引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，故填how。 40．Under questioning by authorities, the three led police to the boy’s body, after initially denying that they knew it was buried. 【答案】where 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在当局讯问下，三人最初否认知道男孩尸体的埋葬地点，之后带警方找到了尸体。分析句子结构可知，此空引导宾语从句，作动词knew的宾语；结合语境“知道尸体被埋葬的地方”，需用连接词where在从句中作地点状语，符合语法要求和语境。故填where。 41．At the beginning of the free training courses, many parents expressed doubt young athletes aged 8-14 could make a meaningful impact in sports competitions. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：在免费培训课程开始时，许多家长对8-14岁的年轻运动员能否在体育比赛中产生有意义的影响表示怀疑。根据空前抽象名词“doubt”以及空后“young athletes aged 8-14 could make a meaningful impact in sports competitions”句子结构完整可知，此处需填引导同位语从句的连接词，解释说明doubt的具体内容。doubt在肯定句中后接同位语从句时，常用whether引导，意为“是否”，不充当句子成分但表示疑问含义。故填whether。 42．Scholars can’t say for certain the character of Sun Wukong came from, but Journey to the West likely borrowed from existing myths and legends. 【答案】where 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：学者们不能确定孙悟空这个角色的来源，但《西游记》很可能借鉴了现存的神话和传说。空处引导名词性从句作say的宾语，结合“came from”可知，空处需表达“何处，哪里”，应用连接副词where作引导词。故填where。 43．I can’t figure out the online shopping platform will refund my money after I returned the defective product. 【答案】if/whether 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定退回瑕疵商品后，这个网购平台是否会给我退款。空处引导宾语从句，整个从句在句中作动词短语figure out的宾语，根据句意，whether和if此语境下均表示“是否”，用于体现说话人对平台是否退款这件事的不确定性，二者在该句子中可互换使用。故填if或whether。 44．The onlookers who watch them playing with great athleticism are amazed at Chai and his fellow players can achieve. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：看到他们以极高的运动能力进行比赛，旁观者对柴和他的队友们所能取得的成就感到惊讶。本空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 45． the film teaches is courage, justice, and friendship, which resonate widely, contributing to its box office success and critical acclaim. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这部电影所传递的是勇气、正义和友谊，这些品质产生了广泛的共鸣，促成了其票房成功和评论界的赞誉。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，作从句的宾语，表示“所……的东西”，需用what，句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。 46． honesty is the foundation of any successful relationship, whether personal or professional, is universally acknowledged. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：诚实是任何成功关系的基础，无论是个人关系还是工作关系，这是举世公认的。空处引导主语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，用连接词that作引导词，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填That。 47． excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with the technology. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我兴奋的是，如今的年轻人是数字公民，他们对科技驾轻就熟。“______excites me the most”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 48．Geneticists have been trying to identify genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 【答案】which 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：遗传学家一直试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是疾病治疗和预防的有效手段。空处引导宾语从句，作“identify”的宾语，从句中“genes”（基因）和后面的“which diseases”（哪些疾病）形成对应，需用连接词“which”修饰“genes”，表示“哪些基因”。故填which。 49． started as a small hobby of growing flowers has turned into a popular community activity. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：起初只是种花这一小爱好，如今已变成一项受欢迎的社区活动。根据句子结构可知，“____ started as a small hobby of growing flowers”为主语从句，作句子主语。从句中缺少主语，意为“……东西/事物”，需用what引导主语从句，句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。 50．My parents used they had to get a new car for my brother. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我父母用他们所有的钱给我弟弟买了一辆新车。设空处连接宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所……的”，应用what，故填what。 51．Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about the poem sounds when you read it aloud. 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：即使它的真正含义似乎超出你的理解，你也总能说一说这首诗大声朗读时给人的感觉。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中sounds是系动词，需用连接副词how，询问“事物的状态或感受”，符合语境。故填how。 52．He always buys his mother likes on her birthday, no matter how much it costs. 【答案】whatever 【详解】考查连词。句意：不管花多少钱，他总是在他母亲生日时买她喜欢的任何东西。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作likes的宾语，表示“任何……的东西”，用whatever引导。故填whatever。 53．This is the famous writer used to live, and many fans come here to visit every year. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是那位著名作家曾经居住的地方，每年都有许多粉丝慕名前来参观。此空引导表语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，需用连接副词where。故填where。 54．You can ask for help from is willing to give you a hand, instead of waiting for a specific person. 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你可以向任何愿意帮助你的人寻求帮助，而不是等待特定的人。本空引导介词from的宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，表示“无论谁”用连接代词whoever。故填whoever。 55．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：那个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生都想知道那个男孩会怎么做。分析可知，空白及之后的内容为动词wonder的宾语从句，空白处在从句中作do的宾语，所以用连接代词what，故填what。 56．High school students will be better aware of the real world is like by participating in community service. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：通过参加社区服务，高中生会更好地意识到现实世界是什么样的。本句中be aware of作谓语，其后跟的是宾语从句；且由于宾语从句中缺少介词like的宾语，需用连接代词what引导，表“什么”。故填what。 57．One of the proudest moments in my life is I was rewarded for my courage after saving a drowning child. 【答案】when 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我一生中最值得骄傲的时刻之一，是在救了一个溺水儿童后，我的勇气得到了回报。分析句子结构，设空处位于系动词is之后，引导表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，需用连接副词when引导。故填when。 58．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水里有什么，经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。investigate后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what。 59．People who visited me used to ask me I could sleep. “Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise?” 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：过去来看我的人都问我怎么能睡着。“交通噪音不打扰你吗？你怎么能习惯这么大的噪音呢？”分析句子结构，设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词“怎么样”来引导，how意为“怎么样”。故填how。 60．The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check the bag had 50 gold coins. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这家人很穷，但这个老实人决定把包还给失主。他把包还给了萨姆，让他检查一下包里是否有50枚金币。分析句子可知，空后面的句子为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，只缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether/if。 一、完形填空 （25-26高二上·河南三门峡·期中）Ms Brooks was a high school teacher in a less developed town in Mexico. She had been always helping the children who found it hard to 1 school. Born into a family that could hardly make ends meet, Ms. Brooks had been 2 to quit school after middle school, though she was 3 about learning. The decision weighed heavily on her young heart. 4 , she was not the one to give in. With determination, she worked tirelessly to 5 herself while continuing her studies in her spare time. Her hard work 6 when she finally earned her Bachelor’s degree. As a teacher, Ms. Brooks met many students facing the 7 similar to those that almost ended her own educational journey. Ms. Brooks served as a(n) 8 guide to her students. She tried her best to help these children stay in school, 9 how education could shape one’s life. But Ms. Brooks realized that her personal 10 alone could not fully address the problem. Therefore, she started a campaign (运动) called Lifting Children’s Dreams to 11 money to provide all the students with equal chance to receive education. The 12 to her campaign was unbelievable. Donations (捐赠物) poured in from citizens and organizations. The campaign also made people know about the 13 of children in less developed areas in the country. What Lifting Children’s Dreams 14 and all Ms. Brooks’ tireless work became a symbol of 15 , proving that united action could really make a big difference to others’ life and future. 1．A．afford B．survive C．reach D．leave 2．A．expected B．forced C．advised D．invited 3．A．anxious B．worried C．curious D．passionate 4．A．However B．Besides C．Despite D．Therefore 5．A．introduce B．confirm C．support D．enjoy 6．A．came along B．paid off C．broke down D．reflected on 7．A．changes B．responsibilities C．requests D．difficulties 8．A．creative B．active C．caring D．interesting 9．A．doubting B．understanding C．memorizing D．guessing 10．A．goals B．recommendations C．errors D．efforts 11．A．raise B．manage C．lend D．exchange 12．A．honor B．solution C．preference D．response 13．A．situation B．destination C．connection D．application 14．A．required B．spread C．achieved D．surveyed 15．A．respect B．hope C．inspiration D．progress 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述出身贫寒却自学获学士学位的墨西哥教师布鲁克斯（ Brooks），助力贫困学生求学，发起“让孩子梦想成真”筹款运动，以团结之力为欠发达地区儿童点亮教育希望。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一直帮助那些难以负担学费（继续上学）的孩子。A. afford负担得起；B. survive幸存；C. reach到达；D. leave离开。根据上文“helping the children who found it hard to”以及语境可知，此处指帮助因经济原因无法继续上学的孩子，afford符合“经济上承担得起”的语境。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ms. Brooks出生在一个勉强维持生计的家庭，中学毕业后就被迫辍学，尽管她对学习充满热情。A. expected期望；B. forced强迫；C. advised建议；D. invited邀请。根据上文“Born into a family that could hardly make ends meet”以及语境可知，因家境贫寒，她无法继续求学，是被动接受辍学的结果，forced体现“因客观条件被迫”的语境。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ms. Brooks出生在一个勉强维持生计的家庭，中学毕业后就被迫辍学，尽管她对学习充满热情。A. anxious焦虑的；B. worried担心的；C. curious好奇的；D. passionate热情的。根据上文“quit school after middle school”以及though表转折可知，前文说被迫辍学，后文应体现她对学习的热爱，passionate符合“强烈的热爱”的语境。故选D项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她不是那种会屈服的人。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Despite尽管（介词，后接名词/短语）；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“The decision weighed heavily on her young heart”以及下文“she was not the one to give in”可知，前文说辍学的决定让她内心沉重，后文说她不愿屈服，前后形成转折，However符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借决心，她不知疲倦地工作以养活自己，同时利用业余时间继续学习。A. introduce介绍；B. confirm确认；C. support养活、支持；D. enjoy享受。根据上文“she worked tirelessly”以及语境可知，这里指她工作的目的是维持自身生活，support oneself表示“养活自己”，符合“一边工作一边求学”的语境。故选C项。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她最终获得学士学位时，她的努力得到了回报。A. came along出现；B. paid off得到回报、成功；C. broke down崩溃；D. reflected on反思。根据下文“she finally earned her Bachelor’s degree”以及语境可知，这里指多年的努力换来了学位，paid off符合“付出后获得成果”的语境。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教师，Ms. Brooks遇到了许多学生，他们面临着与几乎终结她自己教育旅程的困难相似的困境。A. changes变化；B. responsibilities责任；C. requests要求；D. difficulties困难。根据上文“Born into a family that could hardly make ends meet, Ms. Brook had been 　2　 to quit school after middle school”以及语境可知，Brooks曾因家境贫困面临辍学的困难，学生们也面临类似困境，difficulties符合语境。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ms. Brooks是学生们贴心的引导者。A. creative有创造力的；B. active积极的；C. caring关心他人的、贴心的；D. interesting有趣的。根据下文“She tried her best to help these children stay in school”以及语境可知，Brooks尽力帮助学生留在学校，体现了对学生的关怀，caring符合“关爱学生”的语境。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她尽力帮助这些孩子留在学校，让他们明白教育如何塑造一个人的人生。A. doubting怀疑；B. understanding理解、明白；C. memorizing记忆；D. guessing猜测。根据下文“how education could shape one’s life”以及语境可知，Brooks通过自身经历让学生认识到教育的重要性，understanding符合“让他人领悟道理”的语境。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Ms. Brooks意识到，仅凭她个人的努力无法完全解决这个问题。A. goals目标；B. recommendations建议；C. errors错误；D. efforts努力。根据上文“She tried her best to help these children stay in school”以及语境可知，前文提到她个人帮助学生，但问题较为普遍，个人努力有限，efforts符合“个人付出的努力”的语境。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她发起了一项名为“点亮孩子的梦想”的运动，以筹集资金，为所有学生提供平等的受教育机会。A. raise筹集；B. manage管理；C. lend借出；D. exchange交换。根据下文“money to provide all the students with equal chance to receive education”可知，发起运动的目的是筹集资金帮助学生，raise money是固定搭配，意为“筹款”，符合语境。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们对她的运动的反响令人难以置信。A. honor荣誉；B. solution解决方案；C. preference偏好；D. response回应、反响。根据下文“Donations (捐赠物) poured in from citizens and organizations”可知，后文提到捐赠源源不断，说明运动得到了广泛响应，response符合“公众的反应”的语境。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项运动也让人们了解到该国欠发达地区儿童的处境。A. situation处境、状况；B. destination目的地；C. connection联系；D. application应用。根据下文“of children in less developed areas in the country”以及语境可知，这里指该运动让公众关注到贫困地区儿童的教育困境，situation符合“描述具体处境”的语境。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“让孩子梦想成真”运动所取得的成就，以及Ms. Brooks不懈的努力，成为了希望的象征。A. required要求；B. spread传播；C. achieved取得、实现；D. surveyed调查。由上文“The campaign also made people know about the　13　of children in less developed areas in the country. ”以及语境可知，此处指该运动所取得的成果，achieved符合“达成目标、获得成效”的语境。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“让孩子梦想成真”运动所取得的成就，以及Ms. Brooks不懈的努力，成为了希望的象征。A. respect尊重；B. hope希望；C. inspiration鼓舞；D. progress进步。根据上文“provide all the students with equal chance to receive education”以及语境可知，该运动为贫困儿童提供了受教育的机会，给他们的未来带来希望，hope符合“为困境中的人带来期许”的语境。故选B项。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·广东汕头·期中）Most high schools offer dozens of clubs. In this article, we highlight and explain four of the most popular. Engineering Club Whether you are certain about what engineering you’ re interested in or simply have a knack (本领) for building, join this club. Probably, you’ll get to work on many cool projects. If you have a wish to go after engineering in college and as a career, it helps to pick up the basics in high school. Photography Club If you’re interested in pursuing photography as a career or simply want to further explore this hobby, this club would be a great fit. Not only will you be surrounded by those who share your interests, but you’ll also learn more about the field. Debate Club Debate club will provide you with many important life and career skills, including how to be an effective public speaker, how to form a well-reasoned argument, how to persuade others to share your point of view, and more. As a member of a debate club, you may compete against students from your own school or those in debate clubs at nearby schools and discuss a wide range of topics. Model United Nations As a program administered by most high schools and middle schools in the United States, Model United Nations teaches students about diplomacy, foreign relations, and the operations of the United Nations. It is a simulation of the UN General Assembly in which students role-play as delegates representing countries around the world and discuss major global issues, including climate change, global health, and much more. 1．Who are these clubs intended for? A．Undergraduates. B．Laid-off workers. C．Primary school students. D．High school students. 2．What can participants do in the Debate Club? A．Work on many cool projects. B．Explore the fields and hills further. C．Learn to form a well-reasoned argument. D．Represent different countries to discuss global issues. 3．Which club suits you best if you want to learn foreign relations? A．Debate Club. B．Engineering Club. C．Photography Club. D．Model United Nations. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种高中热门社团（工程社、摄影社、辩论社、模拟联合国）的特点及参与价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most high schools offer dozens of clubs. In this article, we highlight and explain four of the most popular. (大多数高中提供数十个社团。在本文中，我们重点介绍并解释其中最受欢迎的四个。)”可知，这些社团是为高中生设立的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Debate club will provide you with many important life and career skills, including how to be an effective public speaker, how to form a well-reasoned argument, how to persuade others to share your point of view, and more. (辩论社为你提供多项重要的生活与职业技能，包括如何成为一名高效的公共演讲者、如何构建逻辑严谨的论点、如何说服他人认同你的观点等等。)”可知，辩论社成员能学习如何构建逻辑严谨的论点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Model United Nations teaches students about diplomacy, foreign relations, and the operations of the United Nations (模拟联合国教授学生外交、外交关系和联合国运作相关知识)”可知，最适合学习外交关系的社团是模拟联合国。故选D。 （25-26高二上·天津·期中）At a large forest park in eastern Beijing, 11 birds on the state-level protection list were recently released. These birds had recovered after the Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center rescued and took care of them. “We will speed up our efforts to push the establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers to jointly guard the health of wildlife,” said Du Lianhai, director of the center. The center was set up in 2001 and built a wildlife rescue base in the capital’s Shunyi District in 2005. Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated over 30,000 wild animals in total. Wildlife protection has been strengthened in Beijing in recent years. On June 1st, the city’s newly adopted regulation on wildlife protection took effect, introducing stricter and more concrete measures to protect the environment and wildlife. For example, the regulation states clearly that Beijing bans hunting throughout the year, compared with the previous regulation which bans hunting during the periods of March to May and September to November each year. The new regulation also gives severer punishment for poachers. After years of monitoring, data with the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau recently showed ecological reconstruction progress. The species and quantity of wild animals in Beijing are continuously increasing, with the number of terrestrial spinal wild animals (陆地脊椎野生动物) growing from 461 species in 1994 to more than 500. The habitat of the endangered bird has expanded from Fangshan District to the whole city, according to the bureau. “The enforcement of the new regulation marked a new phase in Beijing’s wildlife protection work,” said Dai Mingchao, deputy director of the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau. “We will step up the publicity of the regulation and raise citizens’ awareness of wildlife protection,” Dai said. “In our integrated protection of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, we take into full consideration the requirements of food-chain construction, ecological corridor construction, and wildlife and their habitat protection.” 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A．introduce the topic B．present an argument C．reach a conclusion D．describe a place 2．What have the staff at the wildlife rescue base done? A．They have sped up their efforts to help the birds recover. B．They have guarded people’s health against danger. C．They have saved wild animals from a dangerous situation. D．They have pushed the establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers. 3．What does the underlined word “concrete” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Practical. B．Temporary. C．Effective. D．Specific. 4．What can we learn from Paragraphs 7 and 8? A．Beijing citizens are still not familiar with the new regulation. B．After taking the new regulation, Beijing will enter a new phase. C．They rarely give full consideration to the requirements of food-chain construction. D．The protection of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are not in the new regulation yet. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了北京近日放飞11只获救康复的国家保护鸟类，当地野生动物救助中心成果显著；新的《野生动物保护条例》已生效，生态修复见成效，未来将加强法规宣传。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“At a large forest park in eastern Beijing, 11 birds on the state-level protection list were recently released.(在北京东部的一座大型森林公园，11只被列入国家保护名录的鸟类近日被放飞)”可知，第一段描述“北京某森林公园放飞11只国家保护鸟类”的具体事件，后文围绕“北京野生动物保护”展开（救援中心、新法规、生态成果等）。由此推知，首段是通过具体案例引出核心话题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated over 30,000 wild animals in total.(该基地的工作人员总共拯救和康复了3万多只野生动物)”可知，野生动物救援基地的工作人员从危险的环境中拯救了野生动物。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“On June 1st, the city’s newly adopted regulation on wildlife protection took effect, introducing stricter and more concrete measures to protect the environment and wildlife.(6月1日，北京市新通过的《野生动物保护条例》生效，出台了更严格、更concrete措施来保护环境和野生动物)”可知，此处指出台了更严格、更具体的措施来保护环境和野生动物。由此可知，划线单词concrete和D选项Specific“具体的，特定的”意思一致。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第七段““The enforcement of the new regulation marked a new phase in Beijing’s wildlife protection work,” said Dai Mingchao, deputy director of the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau.( 北京市园林绿化局副局长戴明超说：“新条例的实施标志着北京野生动物保护工作进入新阶段。”)”以及第八段中““We will step up the publicity of the regulation and raise citizens’ awareness of wildlife protection,” Dai said.(戴说：“我们将加强法规的宣传，提高公民保护野生动物的意识。”)”可推知，目前市民对新法规仍不熟悉，需加强宣传。故选A项。 （25-26高二上·福建泉州·期中）This week, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an AI tool built to create music. The tool, called Music LM, is not the first AI music tool to be launched. But the examples Google provided demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. Several different music examples produced by Music LM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one- or two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, “rock” or “techno”. The tool also created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In one example, Google researchers included these instructions to Music LM, “It is a soundtrack of a game. It is fast-paced and upbeat, with a catchy electric guitar riff. The music is repetitive and easy to remember, but with unexpected sounds.” In the resulting recording, the music seemed to keep very close to the description. The team said the more detailed the description was, the better the system could attempt to produce it. The Music LM model operates similarly to the machine-learning systems used by ChatGPT. ChatGPT and Music LM both require powerful computers to handle complex machine-learning models. The San Francisco-based company OpenAI launched ChatGPT late last year. ChatGPT has recently received a lot of attention because of its ability to generate complex writings and other content from just a simple description in natural languages. Such tools can produce incredibly human-like results because they are trained on enormous amounts of data. Many different materials are fed into the systems to permit them to learn complex skills to create realistic works. However, the Music LM researchers said there were some risks linked to the new tool. One of the biggest issues the researchers identified was preferences present in the training data. A preference might be including too much of one side and not enough of the other. The researchers said this raised a question about appropriateness for music generation for cultures underrepresented in the training data. 1．What can we learn about Music LM? A．It is the first AI music tool to be launched. B．It requires detailed descriptions of full sentences. C．It generates complex writings from a simple description. D．It creates music based on simple descriptive words. 2．What can be inferred from the passage about AI tools like Music LM and ChatGPT? A．They will soon replace human creators. B．They need a large amount of data for training. C．They have no limitations in their applications. D．They are only useful in the field of music. 3．Which of the following is an issue of the Music LM model? A．Being difficult for some people to use. B．Requiring too much training data. C．Creating music with strong preference. D．Producing music works with no creativity. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The development of AI tools. B．The popularity of ChatGPT. C．The features and problems of Music LM. D．The difference between Music LM and ChatGPT. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了谷歌的AI 音乐工具Music LM，可依据简单或详细描述生成音乐，运行模式与 ChatGPT相似且需海量数据训练，但存在训练数据有偏好的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the examples Google provided demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words.( 但是谷歌提供的例子显示了基于有限的描述性词汇的音乐创作能力。)”以及第二段中“Some of the generated music came from just one- or two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, “rock” or “techno”.( 有些生成的音乐仅仅来自一两个词的描述，如“爵士”、“摇滚”或“电子乐”。)”可知，Music LM根据简单的描述性词语就可以创作音乐。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Such tools can produce incredibly human-like results because they are trained on enormous amounts of data. Many different materials are fed into the systems to permit them to learn complex skills to create realistic works.( 这些工具可以产生令人难以置信的类似人类的结果，因为它们经过了大量数据的训练。许多不同的材料被输入系统，使他们能够学习复杂的技能来创造现实的作品。)”可推知，像Music LM 和 ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具，需要进行大量的数据进行训练。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One of the biggest issues the researchers identified was preferences present in the training data. A preference might be including too much of one side and not enough of the other.( 研究人员发现的最大问题之一是训练数据中存在的偏好。偏好可能包括太多的一方，而不是足够的另一方。)”可知，Music LM模型的另一个问题是在创作音乐时带有强烈的偏好。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The tool, called Music LM, is not the first AI music tool to be launched. But the examples Google provided demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words.( 这个名为Music LM的工具并不是第一个推出的人工智能音乐工具。但是谷歌提供的例子显示了基于有限的描述性词汇的音乐创作能力。)”和最后一段中“However, the Music LM researchers said there were some risks linked to the new tool.( 然而，Music LM的研究人员表示，这种新工具存在一些风险。)”以及全文内容可知，首段介绍 Music LM 的核心特点（基于描述性词汇创作，非首款）；第二段、第三段详细说明其功能（支持简单 / 详细描述、与 ChatGPT 的共性）；末段聚焦其存在的风险（训练数据偏好问题）。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是Music LM的特点和问题。故选C项。 （25-26高二上·四川南充·月考）Traveling is a great opportunity to pick up souvenirs that can remind you of your adventures. However, buying souvenirs can be risky. 1 . How do you pick the perfect souvenir that will last and hold true sentimental value? 2 . You would come across a piece that catches your eye during your travels. However, buying on impulse can lead to regrets. This is particularly true when you choose something because it’s convenient or because you felt pressured by the seller. One key aspect to keep in mind when shopping for a souvenir is its practical value. 3 . Focus on practical items that could be used as mementos, like a cozy blanket or a handwoven rug. These items can be used regularly, reminding you of the trip long after you’ve returned home. Another great tip is to look for items that represent the place you’re visiting. For example, a unique local artifact or a handmade item that tells the story of the place can be a better choice than mass-produced souvenirs. An item used every day can carry the essence of a place. 4 . A rug, for instance, would be perfect for a trip to Morocco, whereas a painting might suit a visit to Peru. When trying to pick the perfect souvenir, it’s important to balance practicality with personal meaning. You don’t have to follow trends. Instead, choose something that represents your own experience. 5 . For instance, if you visit a local market, ask about the history of the item or whether it has a specific meaning. This connection adds to the significance of the souvenir. So, the next time you’re traveling, take your time and choose a souvenir that will remind you of the moments that truly mattered. A．The memory of a souvenir is its best value. B．For some, a souvenir should serve a functional purpose. C．The process of selecting a souvenir is often impulsive. D．It’s the memories and the experience that make it worthwhile. E．You should consider whether it fits the context of your destination. F．Some travelers avoid buying souvenir to prevent any disappointment. G．While some items bring joy, others may end up being regrettable purchases. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．B 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章建议挑选旅行纪念品时，应避免冲动消费，优先选择兼具实用性、地域特色和个人情感意义的物品，以确保其长期价值。 1．前文“Traveling is a great opportunity to pick up souvenirs that can remind you of your adventures. However, buying souvenirs can be risky. (旅行是挑选纪念品的好机会，可以让你想起你的冒险经历。然而，购买纪念品可能会有风险。)”指出旅行时购买纪念品可能有风险，后文“How do you pick the perfect souvenir that will last and hold true sentimental value? (你如何挑选一件既能长久保存又真正承载情感价值的完美纪念品？)”提问如何挑选完美的纪念品，此处应填入一个过渡句，解释风险具体是什么，因此G项“While some items bring joy, others may end up being regrettable purchases. (有些纪念品带来快乐，有些却可能成为令人后悔的购物体验。)”符合语境，指出购买结果的两面性，呼应前文的风险，为后文的如何避免后悔做铺垫。故选G。 2．后文“You would come across a piece that catches your eye during your travels. However, buying on impulse can lead to regrets. (你会在旅行中遇到一件吸引你眼球的作品。然而，冲动购物可能会导致后悔。)”描述旅行中冲动购买的行为，指出有可能会后悔，此处应填入一个引入冲动购买现象的句子，因此C项“The process of selecting a souvenir is often impulsive. (挑选纪念品的过程往往带有冲动成分。)”符合语境，引出冲动购买这一核心问题。故选C。 3．前文“One key aspect to keep in mind when shopping for a souvenir is its practical value. (购买纪念品时要记住的一个关键方面是它的实用价值。)”强调纪念品的实用价值，后文“Focus on practical items that could be used as mementos, like a cozy blanket or a handwoven rug. (把重点放在可以用作纪念品的实用物品上，比如舒适的毯子或手工编织的地毯。)”举例毯子、地毯等日常用品，此处应填入一个支持实用性优先的句子，因此B项“For some, a souvenir should serve a functional purpose. (对一些人来说，纪念品应具有实用功能。)”符合语境，与后文的实用物品对应。故选B。 4．后文“A rug, for instance, would be perfect for a trip to Morocco, whereas a painting might suit a visit to Peru. (例如，地毯是去摩洛哥旅行的完美选择，而一幅画可能适合去秘鲁旅行时购买。)”举例摩洛哥的地毯、秘鲁的绘画，此处应填入一个强调物品与目的地关联性的句子，因此E项“You should consider whether it fits the context of your destination. (你应该考虑它是否与目的地相符。)”符合语境，与后文的地域案例匹配。故选E。 5．前文“You don’t have to follow trends. Instead, choose something that represents your own experience. (你不需要跟随潮流。相反，选择一些代表你自己经历的东西。)”建议选择体现个人经历的物品，后文“For instance, if you visit a local market, ask about the history of the item or whether it has a specific meaning. This connection adds to the significance of the souvenir. (例如，如果你去当地的一个市场，问问这件东西的历史，或者它是否有特定的含义。这种联系增加了纪念品的意义。)”举例询问物品的历史或意义，此处应填入一个强调纪念品与个人体验关联的句子，因此D项“It’s the memories and the experience that make it worthwhile. (正是记忆和体验让它变得有意义。)”符合语境，解释选择这类物品的原因，承前启后。故选D。 （25-26高二上·四川南充·月考）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Standing at the center of Yuyuan Garden’s Central Plaza in Shanghai is an eye-catching installation 32 (make) of woven bamboo, 33 intangible cultural heritage from Daoming town in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Kicking off on Nov. 14 and running through Dec. 14, a festival is gathering hundreds of China’s intangible cultural heritage crafts 34 over 20 time-honored brands around Yuyuan Garden and its mall area. Over the month-long 35 (celebrate), inheritors of diverse intangible cultural heritages offer innovative, immersive, interactive, and international demonstrations of traditional Chinese culture for domestic and overseas visitors. Xiao Yao, the 31-year-old inheritor of the Daoming bamboo-weaving craft, leads the design and setup of the 36 (impress) installation. Decorated with golden ginkgo leaves, the woven bamboo 37 (paint) in gold and red, flowing over the roofs of historical buildings across Yuyuan. 38 (boast) a profound history of over 2,000 years, Daoming bamboo-weaving was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2014. The residents in Daoming town 39 (begin) planting bamboo and making household tools out of it since the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), according to Xiao. The environmentally friendly craft is now also 40 (wide) used to make frames, window designs, and mall decorations, 41 has greatly improved Daoming’s local economy and the residents’ livelihoods. 【答案】 1．made 2．an 3．and 4．celebration 5．impressive 6．is painted 7．Boasting 8．have begun 9．widely 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海豫园中心广场的道明竹编装置，以及豫园举办的非遗手工艺与老字号品牌相关活动，讲述了道明竹编的历史、传承与创新应用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：矗立在上海豫园中心广场中央的，是一件引人注目的竹编装置，它源自四川成都道明镇，是一项非物质文化遗产。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词“is”，且空格前无连词，此处用非谓语动词；“installation(装置)”与“make(制作)”是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，表“被制作”。故填made。 2．考查冠词。句意：矗立在上海豫园中心广场中央的，是一件引人注目的竹编装置，它源自四川成都道明镇，是一项非物质文化遗产。空格后“intangible cultural heritage”为可数名词单数，且首次在文中提及，表示“一项非物质文化遗产”，应用不定冠词。其后单词“intangible”以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 3．考查连词。句意：11月14日至12月14日，一场活动在豫园及其商场区域开展，汇集了数百项中国非物质文化遗产手工艺和20多个老字号品牌。根据语境，“hundreds of China’s intangible cultural heritage crafts”和“over 20 time-honored brands”是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查名词。句意：在为期一个月的庆祝活动中，各类非物质文化遗产传承人面向海内外游客，提供创新、沉浸式、互动性且具有国际化特色的中国传统文化展示。根据空前形容词“month-long”可知，此处应用名词；动词“celebrate(庆祝)”的名词形式是celebration，意为“庆祝活动”，此处特指这场活动，用单数形式。故填celebration。 5．考查形容词。句意：31岁的道明竹编传承人肖遥，主导了这件令人印象深刻的装置的设计与搭建工作。根据空后名词“installation(装置)”可知，此处需要用形容词作定语；impress的形容词形式impressive表示“令人印象深刻的”，符合语境。故填impressive。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这件竹编作品饰有金色银杏叶，被漆成了金红两色，蜿蜒覆盖在豫园古建筑的屋顶之上。分析句子结构，此处是句子的谓语；主语“the woven bamboo”与paint是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”；主语为单数，be动词用is。故填is painted。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：道明竹编拥有2000多年的深厚历史，于2014年被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词was listed，此处用非谓语动词；Daoming bamboo-weaving与“boast(拥有)”是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语；句首单词首字母需大写。故填Boasting。 8．考查动词时态。句意：肖遥表示，自秦朝(公元前221至公元前206年)起，道明镇的居民就开始种植竹子，并将其制成家居用具。根据时间状语“since the Qin Dynasty”可知，此处应用现在完成时“have/has done”；主语“The residents”是复数，助动词用have，begin的过去分词为begun。故填have begun。 9．考查副词。句意：如今，这项环保工艺还被广泛应用于制作相框、窗饰和商场装饰，极大地促进了道明镇的地方经济和居民生活水平的提升。空格位于被动语态“is used”之间，用于修饰动词，应填入副词形式。wide的副词形式是widely，表示“广泛地”。故填widely。 10．考查定语从句。句意：如今，这项环保工艺还被广泛应用于制作相框、窗饰和商场装饰，极大地促进了道明镇的地方经济和居民生活水平的提升。分析句子结构，此处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子的内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 （25-26高二上·江苏泰州·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s consumer market is experiencing a significant transformation, 1 (drive) largely by the growing emphasis on emotional satisfaction among the younger generation. It is now increasingly common to see young consumers lining up in malls, not for daily necessities like food or household items, but for products and services 2 (deliver) psychological satisfaction. A typical example is the extremely popular Labubu blind-box toys, which have developed into a cultural phenomenon since their release. It even leads to 3 (globe) shortages, appealing to the youth’s desire 4 emotional comfort and social expression. This trend reflects a profound shift in consumption values. 5 traditional economic theory places emphasis on reasoning, young consumers, especially Gen Z, 6 (motivate) by emotional values. Studies show that cute and playful 7 (design), such as those of Labubu, activate the brain’s pleasure centers and pathways associated with pleasure, thereby generating instant happiness and reducing stress in today’s fast-paced, high-pressure life. Moreover, sharing unboxing experiences online strengthens interpersonal connections 8 creates a sense of belonging. Obviously, emotional value has become an important factor in purchasing decisions. The change points toward 9 more balanced consumption ecosystem 10 emotional well-being is as important as functional quality. 【答案】 1．driven 2．delivering 3．global 4．for 5．While/Although/Though 6．are motivated 7．designs 8．and 9．a 10．where 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了中国消费市场正经历显著变革，主要受年轻一代对情感满足日益重视的驱动。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国消费市场正在经历一场显著变革，这一变革主要是由年轻一代愈发重视情感满足所推动的。空处需填非谓语动词，drive和逻辑主语a significant transformation之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填driven。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，我们越来越多地能看到年轻消费者在商场排队，但他们排队并非为了食品、家居用品这类生活必需品，而是为了能带来心理满足感的产品和服务。空处需填非谓语动词，deliver和逻辑主语products and services之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填delivering。 3．考查形容词。句意：它甚至出现了全球范围内的缺货情况，恰好迎合了年轻人对情感慰藉与社交表达的需求。空处作定语修饰名词shortages，需用形容词global。故填global。 4．考查介词。句意：它甚至出现了全球范围内的缺货情况，恰好迎合了年轻人对情感慰藉与社交表达的需求。固定搭配desire for sth.，意为“对某物的渴望”。故填for。 5．考查连词。句意：尽管传统经济理论强调理性消费，但年轻消费者（尤其是Z世代）的消费行为却受情感价值驱动。前半句讲“传统经济理论强调理性”，后半句讲“年轻消费者受情感驱动”，前后是转折让步关系，位于句首，首字母需大写，因此用连词While/ Although/ Though（尽管）引导让步状语从句。故填While或Although或Though。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：尽管传统经济理论强调理性消费，但年轻消费者（尤其是Z世代）的消费行为却受情感价值驱动。空处为句子谓语动词，句子在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，motivate和主语young consumers之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are motivated。 7．考查名词复数。句意：研究表明，像拉布布这类可爱趣致的设计，能够激活大脑的愉悦中枢及与快感相关的神经通路，从而在当下快节奏、高压力的生活中为人们带来即时的快乐，缓解压力。空处是宾语从句的主语，后面的谓语动词activate是原形，说明主语是复数；且 design作“设计款式”讲时是可数名词，因此填复数形式 designs。故填designs。 8．考查连词。句意：此外，在网上分享拆盲盒的体验，既能增进人际联结，又能让人产生归属感。strengthens和creates是并列的谓语，应用连词and连接。故填and。 9．考查冠词。句意：这一变化正朝着构建一个更均衡的消费生态系统迈进，在这个生态系统中，情感幸福感与产品功能品质同等重要。 ecosystem为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，且more发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 10．考查定语从句。句意：这一变化正朝着构建一个更均衡的消费生态系统迈进，在这个生态系统中，情感幸福感与产品功能品质同等重要。空处引导定语从句，先行词ecosystem，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 （25-26高二上·河北邯郸·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s first key national R&D project equipment for high-altitude wind energy — the world’s largest 5,000-square-meter power-generating kite — 1 (successful) completed all scheduled flight tests in Alxa Left Banner, North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on Wednesday. The China-made kite, 2 (develop) under a national program led by China Energy Engineering Corp, achieved full in-air deployment and retraction (部署与回收) during testing, 3 (mark) a solid step toward the engineering 4 (apply) of high-altitude wind power technology in China. Looking like a giant kite, the power-generating kite can collect wind energy above 300 meters high and transmit it to the ground through a tether cable (电缆) that drives a generator. The 5 (late) test carried out the deployment and retraction of both a 5,000-square-meter kite and two 1,200-square-meter kites. High-altitude wind energy, often described as 6 untouched “no-man’s land” of renewable power, offers significant potential thanks to its higher wind speeds, stable directions, 7 greater energy density. Currently two main technological paths 8 (explore) globally — airborne and ground-based systems — but there is still a long way to go. In the airborne approach, lightweight wind turbines (风力涡轮机) are fixed on flying platforms 9 (generate) electricity in the sky. The recent test focused on the ground-based model, 10 a working wind turbine deployed at high altitude captures wind energy to drive a ground-based generator. 【答案】 1．successfully 2．developed 3．marking 4．application 5．latest 6．an 7．and 8．are being explored 9．to generate 10．where 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国首个高空风能国家重点研发项目设备——世界上最大的5000平方米发电风筝，在内蒙古阿拉善左旗成功完成所有预定飞行测试。 1．考查副词。句意：周三，中国首个高空风能国家重点研发计划装备——全球最大的5000平方米发电风筝，在内蒙古自治区阿拉善左旗顺利完成了所有预定飞行测试。空处修饰动词completed，应用副词successfully作状语。故填successfully。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这款国产发电风筝由中国能源建设集团牵头的国家级项目研发而成，在测试过程中，它实现了空中的完整部署与回收，这标志着中国在高空风能技术的工程化应用方面迈出了坚实的一步。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，develop和逻辑主语The China-made kite之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填developed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这款国产发电风筝由中国能源建设集团牵头的国家级项目研发而成，在测试过程中，它实现了空中的完整部署与回收，这标志着中国在高空风能技术的工程化应用方面迈出了坚实的一步。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，空格前的分句“实现空中完整部署与回收”这一动作，自然带来了“标志着坚实一步”的结果。mark 与逻辑主语（前面整个分句描述的事件）之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词marking作结果状语。故填marking。 4．考查名词。句意：这款国产发电风筝由中国能源建设集团牵头的国家级项目研发而成，在测试过程中，它实现了空中的完整部署与回收，这标志着中国在高空风能技术的工程化应用方面迈出了坚实的一步。空处应填名词application，作宾语，此处表示抽象概念，不可数。故填application。 5．考查形容词。句意：此次最新测试完成了1架5000平方米风筝和2架1200平方米风筝的部署与回收工作。此处指“此次最新的测试”，需要用形容词 latest（最新的）修饰名词 test。故填latest。 6．考查冠词。句意：高空风能常被称为可再生能源领域一片尚未开发的“无人区”，由于其风速更高、风向更稳定且能量密度更大，具有巨大的发展潜力。 land为可数名词，此处泛指“一片尚未开发的“无人区””，应用不定冠词，untouched为发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 7．考查连词。句意：高空风能常被称为可再生能源领域一片尚未开发的“无人区”，由于其风速更高、风向更稳定且能量密度更大，具有巨大的发展潜力。higher wind speeds，stable directions和greater energy density之间为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 8．考查时态语态。句意：目前，全球范围内正在探索两条主要技术路径——空中系统和地面系统，但该领域仍有很长的路要走。空处为句子谓语动词，根据Currently可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语technological paths和explore之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are being explored。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在空中系统方案中，轻型风力涡轮机被安装在飞行平台上，在空中直接发电。轻型风力涡轮机被安装在飞行平台上的“目的”是在空中发电，空处在句中表示目的，应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to generate。 10．考查定语从句。句意：近期的这次测试则聚焦于地面系统模式，在该模式下，部署于高空的工作型风力涡轮机收集风能，进而驱动地面的发电机运转。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词model，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $