专题04 非谓语动词（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考非谓语动词核心考点，系统梳理不定式、动名词、分词的功能用法及区别，按“学考要求-必备知识-高频考点-分层练习”逻辑架构知识点。通过考点精析、方法指导（如逻辑主语辨析）、真题精讲等环节，帮助学生突破语法填空、阅读及写作中的非谓语应用难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以“语境化+综合性”为特色，创新采用“功能对比表格”“真题案例逻辑分析法”，如通过对比现在分词与过去分词作状语的语态时态差异，培养学生思维品质；设计进阶分级练与实战能力训练，结合书面表达句式优化指导，提升语言能力。助力教师精准把控复习节奏，帮助学生在有限时间内高效掌握非谓语动词解题技巧，提升应考能力。

专题04 非谓语动词 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 动词不定式的结构与用法 动名词的结构与用法 分词的结构与用法 进阶分级练 在高考学考英语中，非谓语动词是语法考查的核心模块之一，主要涉及动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、过去分词）的用法。考查要求聚焦于考生对非谓语动词在句中功能的判断 —— 如作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等，以及不同形式间的区别，例如现在分词表主动与进行、过去分词表被动与完成、不定式表目的与将来的语义差异，同时强调非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系辨析，这是解题的关键切入点。 从考查题型来看，非谓语动词的考点贯穿高考英语试卷的多个部分，在语法填空、单项填空（部分地区）中常以直接辨析形式出现，要求考生根据语境选择正确的非谓语形式；在阅读理解和完形填空中，则通过复杂句式考查考生对含非谓语动词句子的理解能力，能否准确拆分句子结构、把握语义逻辑直接影响阅读效率与答题正确率；在书面表达中，合理运用非谓语动词更是提升句式丰富度与表达流畅度的重要手段，是高分作文的显著特征之一。 近年来，非谓语动词的高考命题呈现出 “语境化” 和 “综合性” 趋势，不再局限于单一语法点的记忆，而是结合具体场景考查灵活运用能力，例如在语法填空中结合时态、语态等考点综合设题，或在语篇中通过非谓语动词体现动作的先后顺序、因果关系等逻辑。这要求考生在备考时，不仅要掌握非谓语动词的基本规则，更要通过大量语篇练习，培养在真实语境中分析和运用非谓语动词的能力，做到举一反三、灵活应对。 非谓语动词是指不能单独作谓语的动词形式，包括三种：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done）。它们保留动词的部分特征（可带宾语、状语），同时具备名词、形容词或副词的语法功能，是高考学考英语语法填空、完形填空、写作的核心考点。 一、不定式（to do）：表 “目的、未发生、具体动作” 1. 核心功能 功能 说明 例句 作主语 常用 “it 作形式主语，to do 作真正主语” It is important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。） 作宾语 接在 want, hope, decide, plan 等动词后 She wants to be a doctor in the future.（她未来想成为一名医生。） 作宾语补足语 接在 ask, tell, want, teach 等动词后 My mother told me to clean the room.（妈妈让我打扫房间。） 作定语 修饰名词，表 “将要做的事” I have a lot of homework to finish tonight.（我今晚有很多作业要完成。） 作状语 表目的（=in order to）、结果（only to） He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） 作表语 说明主语的性质或内容 My dream is to travel around the world.（我的梦想是环游世界。） 2. 高频考点 省略 to 的情况：在使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）后作宾语补足语时，省略 to（被动语态中需还原 to）。 例：We saw him play basketball yesterday.（主动：我们昨天看见他打篮球了。） He was seen to play basketball yesterday.（被动：昨天有人看见他打篮球了。） 疑问词 + to do：可作主语、宾语、表语。 例：I don’t know how to solve this problem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题。） 二、动名词（doing）：表 “抽象、习惯性、已发生的动作” 1. 核心功能 功能 说明 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数，可换 “it 作形式主语” Reading books is good for our mind.（读书对我们的思维有益。） 作宾语 接在 enjoy, finish, practice, avoid 等动词后 He enjoys playing football with his friends.（他喜欢和朋友踢足球。） 作定语 修饰名词，表 “用途”（=for doing） This is a reading room.（这是一间阅览室。=a room for reading） 作表语 说明主语的性质或内容（与主语可互换） His hobby is collecting stamps.（他的爱好是集邮。=Collecting stamps is his hobby.） 2.高频考点 介词后接动名词：常见介词（in, on, at, of, for, about, without, by）后必须用 doing。 例：She is good at singing English songs.（她擅长唱英文歌。） He left without saying goodbye.（他没说再见就离开了。） 固定搭配：look forward to doing（期待做）、be used to doing（习惯做）、give up doing（放弃做）。 例：We are looking forward to meeting you soon.（我们期待尽快见到你。） 三、分词：表 “主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成” 1. 现在分词（doing）vs 过去分词（done）核心区别 类别 语态（主动 / 被动） 时态（时间关系） 功能（定语 / 状语 / 表语） 现在分词 主动 进行 / 与谓语同时 表 “主动、正在发生” 的动作 过去分词 被动 完成 / 先于谓语 表 “被动、已完成” 的动作，或 “人感到… 的”（如 excited） 2. 核心功能（以状语和定语为例） （1）作定语 现在分词（主动 / 进行）：修饰 “物”，表 “正在做… 的” 例：a running boy（一个正在跑步的男孩）、a boring story（一个无聊的故事） 过去分词（被动 / 完成）：修饰 “人或物”，表 “被… 的 / 已完成的” 例：a broken cup（一个破碎的杯子，表完成）、a surprised girl（一个感到惊讶的女孩，表人的感受） （2）作状语（需注意逻辑主语与句子主语一致） 现在分词（主动 / 同时）：表 “主动进行”，逻辑主语 = 句子主语 例：Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（我在街上走的时候，遇见了一位老朋友。=When I was walking...） 过去分词（被动 / 完成）：表 “被动完成”，逻辑主语 = 句子主语 例：Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.（从山顶看，这座城市很美。=When the city is seen...） 3. 高频考点 分词作宾语补足语：感官动词（see, hear, watch）后，doing 表 “动作正在进行”，done 表 “被动 / 完成”。 例：I heard her singing in the room.（我听见她正在房间里唱歌。= 动作进行） I heard the song sung many times.（我听过这首歌被唱很多次。= 被动完成） 独立主格结构：当分词逻辑主语≠句子主语时，需在分词前加逻辑主语（名词 / 代词），构成 “主语 + 分词”。 例：The meeting being over, we all left the hall.（会议结束后，我们都离开了大厅。） 四、易错点对比总结 易混点 正确用法 错误用法 不定式 vs 动名词作主语 It is easy to learn this rule.（表具体） It is easy learning this rule. Learning English needs patience.（表抽象） To learn English needs patience. 现在分词 vs 过去分词作表语 The film is exciting.（物：令人兴奋的） The film is excited. We are excited about the film.（人：感到兴奋的） We are exciting about the film. 分词作状语逻辑主语 Seeing the dog, she ran away.（she 能发出 see 的动作） Seen the dog, she ran away. 考点精讲讲练 1．___________ for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors. A．To be selected B．Selected C．Having selected D．Being selected 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为在2009年被 NBA 选中，斯蒂芬加入了金州勇士队。句中已有谓语动词joined，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Stephen 与select之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语作原因状语。故选B。 2．So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ______. A．reported injured B．reported injuring C．reporting injured D．reporting injuring 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，大约40所房子被大雪压塌了，报道称有22人受伤。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾补”的复合结构，其中“22 people”为宾语，空处为宾语补足语，对宾语“22 people”进行补充说明，根据句意可知，“22 people”与“report”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即“22人被报道”，所以此处应用过去分词形式表被动；“injured”为形容词，意为“受伤的”，是对“22 people”的状态进行补充说明，因此“reported injured”表示“被报道受伤”，符合语意语法。故选A项。 3．— What makes him so excited these days? — ________ a key university. A．Admitted into B．Admitting C．Having been admitted into D．Being admitted to 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——这些天什么让他如此兴奋？——被一所重点大学录取。分析句子结构可知，答句是省略句，完整形式为“________ a key university makes him so excited these days”，空格处需作主语。由于主语部分需要表达的是一个动作或状态，应使用动名词形式，且逻辑主语him与admit之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。Having been admitted into是现在分词完成被动式，强调动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，通常作状语，而非主语。故选D。 4．International theme park operators are seeking to invest in Chinese market, ________ the success of Shanghai Disney Resort and Universal Beijing Resort. A．following B．having followed C．to be following D．followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在上海迪士尼乐园和北京环球度假区取得成功之后，国际主题公园运营商正寻求在中国市场投资。句子已有谓语动词“are seeking”，因此设空处应为非谓语动词，作状语。“International theme park operators”与“follow”之间是主动关系，表示伴随或时间先后关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选A。 5．________ to succeed in his studies, Peter set even higher goals and worked tirelessly to achieve them. A．Motivating B．Motivated C．To motivate D．Having motivated 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：为了在学业上取得成功，彼得设定了更高的目标，并不知疲倦地努力实现。此处为非谓语动词作状语，motivate与逻辑主语Peter之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故选B项。 1．To my ________, she didn’t realize how________ her joke was and still talked away, making us even more embarrassed. A．embarrassment ; embarrassing B．embarrassed; embarrassment C．embarrassing; embarrassed D．embarrassment; embarrassed 2．The unique facial makeup art in Beijing Opera is called “Lianpu”, ________ the personalities, psychological and physical features of the characters. A．demonstrating B．to demonstrate C．having demonstrated D．to have demonstrated 3． his homework, the boy was not allowed TV. A．Not finished; watching B．Having not finished; to watch C．Not having finished; to watch D．Having finished; watching 4．The athlete, ________ by the coach repeatedly for his carelessness in training, finally decided to focus on improving his weak points. A．having been criticized B．being criticized C．criticized D．to have been criticized 5．______ to make a hasty decision, the committee chose to delay approving the proposal until further discussion. A．Wanting not B．Not wanted C．Not wanting D．Having not wanted 6．He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to. A．referred to be B．refer to being C．referred to being D．referring to be 7．Hannah travels the world ________ presentations and talks, getting more people ________ in the conversation of ocean life. A．giving; involving B．given; involved C．giving; involved D．given; involving 8．________ by Jack, I have no difficulty in finding the famous artist’s house. A．Directing B．Having directed C．Directed D．To direct 9．It was reported that a 90-year-old woman ______ under a destroyed house in the earthquake was saved alive at last. A．had been trapped B．being trapped C．was trapped D．trapped 10．With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view. A．stood; focusing B．standing; focusing C．standing; focused D．stood; focused 训练 一、单项选择 1．A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 2．It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins. A．that; buried B．when; buried C．that; burying D．when; burying 3．He left the office ______. A．with tears being in eyes B．with tears in his eyes C．being tears in eyes D．tears being in eyes 4．______ left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job. A．Though such a short time B．Because such a short time C．With such a short time D．As such a short time 5． With alcohol and drugs _______ out of their life, the post-1990s young people now tend to develop healthier hobbies. A．kicked B．to kick C．having kicked D．Kick 6．_______ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A．As B．With C．When D．If 7．When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 8．________, the team of volunteers sprang into action, ensuring that every child received a meal. A．The funds finally secured B．The funds are finally secured C．The funds finally being secured D．Having been finally secured 9．The tourists came to the No. 1 pit of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, eyes _________ upon these unique historical relics. A．fixing B．fixed C．are fixed D．fix 10．The fish _____ bad,the children left much of it____. A．tasted,untouched B．tasting,untouched C．tasting,untouching D．tasted,untouching 11．________ by his accent， the boy must have come from a North European country,say Norway or Finland. A．Having judged B．To judge C．Judge D．Judging 12． _____from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A．Judging B．Judged C．To judge D．Judge 13．A total number of 172 people are now in hospital for treatment, of them 24 seriously ________. A．being injured B．injured C．having injured D．to be injured 14．________  on its judgment of the current COVID-19 epidemic situation, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters aimed ________ lockdown management gradually and restore residents’ lives to regular order starting on Thursday. A．Based; to lift B．Based; lifting C．Basing; to lift D．Basing; listing 15．There is no doubt ________ Dream of Red Mansions(《红楼梦》）is such a good novel that it is worth _______ again and again. A．if; reading B．that; reading C．whether; being read D．that; to be read 16．I used to ________at seven but now I am used to________ at six o'clock. A．get up;  get up B．get up; getting up C．getting;  getting up D．getting up; get up 17．I used to ___________ to work, but now I am used to___________. A．drive; walk B．driving; walking C．drive; walking D．driving; walk 18．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _______________ for words. A．lose B．to lose C．lost D．having lost 19．When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt ______from the world. A．cut off B．cut down C．cut out D．cut back 20．The inner strength of the girl allows her _____ going when she gets into trouble. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept 21．__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 22．Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________. A．to be repairing B．repairing C．to repair D．repaired 23．_________ in his best suit and prepared to claim his prize, he went on the stage only _________ there was an error. A．Dressed; to be told B．Dressing; to tell C．Dressed; being told D．Dressing; telling 24．______ going to study in the United States, Dahlia began to pack her luggage. A．To approve of B．Approving of C．Having approved of D．Having been approved of 25．Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 26．The documentary achieved widespread popularity on social media, ______ the destructive effects of plastic pollution in a visually striking way. A．to highlight B．highlighting C．highlighted D．being highlighted 27．Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination ________ sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. A．to boast B．being boasted C．boasted D．boasting 28．A heavy snow hit our area for the first time this year, _________great inconvenience to traffic and transportation. A．causing B．caused C．to cause D．having caused 29．The development of new media, ________ from the internet to digital television，means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention. A．ranges B．ranged C．to range D．ranging 30．Tell Mary that there is someone ________ for her at the door. A．waiting B．waited C．waits D．to wait 31．________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 32．—It is selfless_________ the doctor to devote all the time he had _________ for the patients. —I think so, they are so great. A．for; to care B．of; to care C．for; to caring D．of; to caring 33．Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 34．We were having a meeting when some strangers broke in without _________. A．invited B．having invited C．being invited D．inviting 35．--I’m sure you have a plan. --Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island. A．take B．to take C．to be taking D．taking 36．As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. A．to save B．being saved C．save D．to be saved 37．Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 38．Why not_________down and talk with your parents? A．to sit B．sitting C．sit D．sat 39．We regret _______ that all flights to Florida will be put off due to the coming storms. A．announcing B．to have announced C．to announce D．to be announced 40．The question ______ at tomorrow’s meeting is very important, so we’d better make careful and adequate preparations for it. A．to be discussed B．discussed C．being discussed D．to discuss 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式． Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 41 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 42 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 43 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 44 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 45 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 46 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 47 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 48 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 49 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 50 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． 2 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式 We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 51 (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？ A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 52 we match our music to our feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than 53 (simple) depressing- because it triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 54 (be)two groups of possible 55 (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学). In terms of social psychology, one way of 56 (think) about this is that we feel much better about 57 (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 58 (have) an even worse day than you are. Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 59 music that mirrors the tone of their current life circumstances -the songs act as 60 sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us. 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 61 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   62 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 63 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 64 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 65 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 66 (bring) many changes to the world’s 67 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 68 (treasure) come alive again. “ 69 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 70 people’s daily lives,” he said. 4 Luoyang is one of the cities in China 71 artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 72 （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous 73 （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters. Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 74 （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 75 important strategic（战略的）location. As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 76 （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is 77 （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 78 the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 79 （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 80 （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非谓语动词 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 动词不定式的结构与用法 动名词的结构与用法 分词的结构与用法 进阶分级练 在高考学考英语中，非谓语动词是语法考查的核心模块之一，主要涉及动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、过去分词）的用法。考查要求聚焦于考生对非谓语动词在句中功能的判断 —— 如作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等，以及不同形式间的区别，例如现在分词表主动与进行、过去分词表被动与完成、不定式表目的与将来的语义差异，同时强调非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系辨析，这是解题的关键切入点。 从考查题型来看，非谓语动词的考点贯穿高考英语试卷的多个部分，在语法填空、单项填空（部分地区）中常以直接辨析形式出现，要求考生根据语境选择正确的非谓语形式；在阅读理解和完形填空中，则通过复杂句式考查考生对含非谓语动词句子的理解能力，能否准确拆分句子结构、把握语义逻辑直接影响阅读效率与答题正确率；在书面表达中，合理运用非谓语动词更是提升句式丰富度与表达流畅度的重要手段，是高分作文的显著特征之一。 近年来，非谓语动词的高考命题呈现出 “语境化” 和 “综合性” 趋势，不再局限于单一语法点的记忆，而是结合具体场景考查灵活运用能力，例如在语法填空中结合时态、语态等考点综合设题，或在语篇中通过非谓语动词体现动作的先后顺序、因果关系等逻辑。这要求考生在备考时，不仅要掌握非谓语动词的基本规则，更要通过大量语篇练习，培养在真实语境中分析和运用非谓语动词的能力，做到举一反三、灵活应对。 非谓语动词是指不能单独作谓语的动词形式，包括三种：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done）。它们保留动词的部分特征（可带宾语、状语），同时具备名词、形容词或副词的语法功能，是高考学考英语语法填空、完形填空、写作的核心考点。 一、不定式（to do）：表 “目的、未发生、具体动作” 1. 核心功能 功能 说明 例句 作主语 常用 “it 作形式主语，to do 作真正主语” It is important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。） 作宾语 接在 want, hope, decide, plan 等动词后 She wants to be a doctor in the future.（她未来想成为一名医生。） 作宾语补足语 接在 ask, tell, want, teach 等动词后 My mother told me to clean the room.（妈妈让我打扫房间。） 作定语 修饰名词，表 “将要做的事” I have a lot of homework to finish tonight.（我今晚有很多作业要完成。） 作状语 表目的（=in order to）、结果（only to） He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。） 作表语 说明主语的性质或内容 My dream is to travel around the world.（我的梦想是环游世界。） 2. 高频考点 省略 to 的情况：在使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）后作宾语补足语时，省略 to（被动语态中需还原 to）。 例：We saw him play basketball yesterday.（主动：我们昨天看见他打篮球了。） He was seen to play basketball yesterday.（被动：昨天有人看见他打篮球了。） 疑问词 + to do：可作主语、宾语、表语。 例：I don’t know how to solve this problem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题。） 二、动名词（doing）：表 “抽象、习惯性、已发生的动作” 1. 核心功能 功能 说明 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数，可换 “it 作形式主语” Reading books is good for our mind.（读书对我们的思维有益。） 作宾语 接在 enjoy, finish, practice, avoid 等动词后 He enjoys playing football with his friends.（他喜欢和朋友踢足球。） 作定语 修饰名词，表 “用途”（=for doing） This is a reading room.（这是一间阅览室。=a room for reading） 作表语 说明主语的性质或内容（与主语可互换） His hobby is collecting stamps.（他的爱好是集邮。=Collecting stamps is his hobby.） 2.高频考点 介词后接动名词：常见介词（in, on, at, of, for, about, without, by）后必须用 doing。 例：She is good at singing English songs.（她擅长唱英文歌。） He left without saying goodbye.（他没说再见就离开了。） 固定搭配：look forward to doing（期待做）、be used to doing（习惯做）、give up doing（放弃做）。 例：We are looking forward to meeting you soon.（我们期待尽快见到你。） 三、分词：表 “主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成” 1. 现在分词（doing）vs 过去分词（done）核心区别 类别 语态（主动 / 被动） 时态（时间关系） 功能（定语 / 状语 / 表语） 现在分词 主动 进行 / 与谓语同时 表 “主动、正在发生” 的动作 过去分词 被动 完成 / 先于谓语 表 “被动、已完成” 的动作，或 “人感到… 的”（如 excited） 2. 核心功能（以状语和定语为例） （1）作定语 现在分词（主动 / 进行）：修饰 “物”，表 “正在做… 的” 例：a running boy（一个正在跑步的男孩）、a boring story（一个无聊的故事） 过去分词（被动 / 完成）：修饰 “人或物”，表 “被… 的 / 已完成的” 例：a broken cup（一个破碎的杯子，表完成）、a surprised girl（一个感到惊讶的女孩，表人的感受） （2）作状语（需注意逻辑主语与句子主语一致） 现在分词（主动 / 同时）：表 “主动进行”，逻辑主语 = 句子主语 例：Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（我在街上走的时候，遇见了一位老朋友。=When I was walking...） 过去分词（被动 / 完成）：表 “被动完成”，逻辑主语 = 句子主语 例：Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.（从山顶看，这座城市很美。=When the city is seen...） 3. 高频考点 分词作宾语补足语：感官动词（see, hear, watch）后，doing 表 “动作正在进行”，done 表 “被动 / 完成”。 例：I heard her singing in the room.（我听见她正在房间里唱歌。= 动作进行） I heard the song sung many times.（我听过这首歌被唱很多次。= 被动完成） 独立主格结构：当分词逻辑主语≠句子主语时，需在分词前加逻辑主语（名词 / 代词），构成 “主语 + 分词”。 例：The meeting being over, we all left the hall.（会议结束后，我们都离开了大厅。） 四、易错点对比总结 易混点 正确用法 错误用法 不定式 vs 动名词作主语 It is easy to learn this rule.（表具体） It is easy learning this rule. Learning English needs patience.（表抽象） To learn English needs patience. 现在分词 vs 过去分词作表语 The film is exciting.（物：令人兴奋的） The film is excited. We are excited about the film.（人：感到兴奋的） We are exciting about the film. 分词作状语逻辑主语 Seeing the dog, she ran away.（she 能发出 see 的动作） Seen the dog, she ran away. 考点精讲讲练 1．___________ for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors. A．To be selected B．Selected C．Having selected D．Being selected 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为在2009年被 NBA 选中，斯蒂芬加入了金州勇士队。句中已有谓语动词joined，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Stephen 与select之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语作原因状语。故选B。 2．So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ______. A．reported injured B．reported injuring C．reporting injured D．reporting injuring 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，大约40所房子被大雪压塌了，报道称有22人受伤。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾补”的复合结构，其中“22 people”为宾语，空处为宾语补足语，对宾语“22 people”进行补充说明，根据句意可知，“22 people”与“report”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即“22人被报道”，所以此处应用过去分词形式表被动；“injured”为形容词，意为“受伤的”，是对“22 people”的状态进行补充说明，因此“reported injured”表示“被报道受伤”，符合语意语法。故选A项。 3．— What makes him so excited these days? — ________ a key university. A．Admitted into B．Admitting C．Having been admitted into D．Being admitted to 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——这些天什么让他如此兴奋？——被一所重点大学录取。分析句子结构可知，答句是省略句，完整形式为“________ a key university makes him so excited these days”，空格处需作主语。由于主语部分需要表达的是一个动作或状态，应使用动名词形式，且逻辑主语him与admit之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。Having been admitted into是现在分词完成被动式，强调动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，通常作状语，而非主语。故选D。 4．International theme park operators are seeking to invest in Chinese market, ________ the success of Shanghai Disney Resort and Universal Beijing Resort. A．following B．having followed C．to be following D．followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在上海迪士尼乐园和北京环球度假区取得成功之后，国际主题公园运营商正寻求在中国市场投资。句子已有谓语动词“are seeking”，因此设空处应为非谓语动词，作状语。“International theme park operators”与“follow”之间是主动关系，表示伴随或时间先后关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选A。 5．________ to succeed in his studies, Peter set even higher goals and worked tirelessly to achieve them. A．Motivating B．Motivated C．To motivate D．Having motivated 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：为了在学业上取得成功，彼得设定了更高的目标，并不知疲倦地努力实现。此处为非谓语动词作状语，motivate与逻辑主语Peter之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故选B项。 1．To my ________, she didn’t realize how________ her joke was and still talked away, making us even more embarrassed. A．embarrassment ; embarrassing B．embarrassed; embarrassment C．embarrassing; embarrassed D．embarrassment; embarrassed 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：令我尴尬的是，她没意识到自己的笑话有多尴尬，还不停地说着，让我们愈发尴尬。第一空用名词，其结构为“to one’s + 名词”，表示“令某人……的是”；第二空名词her joke前用形容词修饰。embarrassing用来形容事物，表示“令人尴尬的”；而embarrassed用于形容人，表示“感到尴尬的”，所以第二空用embarrassing修饰。故选A。 2．The unique facial makeup art in Beijing Opera is called “Lianpu”, ________ the personalities, psychological and physical features of the characters. A．demonstrating B．to demonstrate C．having demonstrated D．to have demonstrated 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧中独特的面部化妆艺术被称为“脸谱”，展现了人物的性格、心理和生理特征。根据空前is called可知，空处需用非谓语动词，“demonstrate”与主语“Lianpu”之间为主动关系，且该动作是伴随主句动作同时发生的一般性状态，应用现在分词demonstrating作伴随状语，表主动和同时发生。故选A。 3． his homework, the boy was not allowed TV. A．Not finished; watching B．Having not finished; to watch C．Not having finished; to watch D．Having finished; watching 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男孩还没有完成作业，就不允许看电视。本句的谓语是was not allowed，逗号前为非谓语动词短语。finish和the boy之间是主谓关系，且表示的动词发生在谓语之前，所以用现在分词的完成式，这里表示“没有完成”，应在现在分词前加not，即not having done的形式。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，第二空是被动表达，用不定式作主语补足语。故选C。 4．The athlete, ________ by the coach repeatedly for his carelessness in training, finally decided to focus on improving his weak points. A．having been criticized B．being criticized C．criticized D．to have been criticized 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位运动员因训练中粗心大意多次被教练批评后，最终决定专注于提高自己的弱点。空白处在句子中作状语，因动作criticize发生在主句谓语动词decided之前，且与其逻辑主语the athlete之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用现在分词的完成被动式，故选A。 5．______ to make a hasty decision, the committee chose to delay approving the proposal until further discussion. A．Wanting not B．Not wanted C．Not wanting D．Having not wanted 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：由于不想仓促做出决定，委员会选择推迟批准该提案，以便进一步讨论。句子主语为the committee，与空格处的动词“want”之间为主谓关系（委员会“不想”仓促做决定），因此需用现在分词形式，非谓语动词的否定需将“not”直接置于非谓语形式之前，即“not + doing”。故选C项。 6．He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to. A．referred to be B．refer to being C．referred to being D．referring to be 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：他建议对所提到的问题给予特别注意。suggest表示 “建议”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略。referred to是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the problems，表示“被提到的问题”。故选A。 7．Hannah travels the world ________ presentations and talks, getting more people ________ in the conversation of ocean life. A．giving; involving B．given; involved C．giving; involved D．given; involving 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汉娜周游世界，做演讲和演讲，让更多的人参与到海洋生物的对话中。主语Hannah和动词give是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语；get+宾语+宾补，宾语more people和动词involve是逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾补，get sb. involved in“让某人参与……”。故选C项。 8．________ by Jack, I have no difficulty in finding the famous artist’s house. A．Directing B．Having directed C．Directed D．To direct 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在杰克的指引下，我毫无困难地找到了那位著名艺术家的家。“(direct) by Jack”作方式状语，direct(指引，引导)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故选C项。 9．It was reported that a 90-year-old woman ______ under a destroyed house in the earthquake was saved alive at last. A．had been trapped B．being trapped C．was trapped D．trapped 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，一位在地震中被困在倒塌房屋下的90岁老妇人最终获救。句中was saved为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，woman与trap之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故选D。 10．With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view. A．stood; focusing B．standing; focusing C．standing; focused D．stood; focused 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：远处群山矗立，头顶飞鸟成群，我不禁将目光投向了这令人屏息的美景。第一空为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，mountain和stand之间为主动关系，因此需用现在分词形式作宾补，并与空格后的flying并列；第二空是“have+宾语+宾补”结构，focus和my eyes之间是被动关系，此处需用过去分词作宾补。故选C。 训练 一、单项选择 1．A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 2．It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins. A．that; buried B．when; buried C．that; burying D．when; burying 3．He left the office ______. A．with tears being in eyes B．with tears in his eyes C．being tears in eyes D．tears being in eyes 4．______ left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job. A．Though such a short time B．Because such a short time C．With such a short time D．As such a short time 5． With alcohol and drugs _______ out of their life, the post-1990s young people now tend to develop healthier hobbies. A．kicked B．to kick C．having kicked D．Kick 6．_______ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A．As B．With C．When D．If 7．When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 8．________, the team of volunteers sprang into action, ensuring that every child received a meal. A．The funds finally secured B．The funds are finally secured C．The funds finally being secured D．Having been finally secured 9．The tourists came to the No. 1 pit of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, eyes _________ upon these unique historical relics. A．fixing B．fixed C．are fixed D．fix 10．The fish _____ bad,the children left much of it____. A．tasted,untouched B．tasting,untouched C．tasting,untouching D．tasted,untouching 11．________ by his accent， the boy must have come from a North European country,say Norway or Finland. A．Having judged B．To judge C．Judge D．Judging 12． _____from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A．Judging B．Judged C．To judge D．Judge 13．A total number of 172 people are now in hospital for treatment, of them 24 seriously ________. A．being injured B．injured C．having injured D．to be injured 14．________  on its judgment of the current COVID-19 epidemic situation, the epidemic prevention and control headquarters aimed ________ lockdown management gradually and restore residents’ lives to regular order starting on Thursday. A．Based; to lift B．Based; lifting C．Basing; to lift D．Basing; listing 15．There is no doubt ________ Dream of Red Mansions(《红楼梦》）is such a good novel that it is worth _______ again and again. A．if; reading B．that; reading C．whether; being read D．that; to be read 16．I used to ________at seven but now I am used to________ at six o'clock. A．get up;  get up B．get up; getting up C．getting;  getting up D．getting up; get up 17．I used to ___________ to work, but now I am used to___________. A．drive; walk B．driving; walking C．drive; walking D．driving; walk 18．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _______________ for words. A．lose B．to lose C．lost D．having lost 19．When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt ______from the world. A．cut off B．cut down C．cut out D．cut back 20．The inner strength of the girl allows her _____ going when she gets into trouble. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept 21．__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 22．Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________. A．to be repairing B．repairing C．to repair D．repaired 23．_________ in his best suit and prepared to claim his prize, he went on the stage only _________ there was an error. A．Dressed; to be told B．Dressing; to tell C．Dressed; being told D．Dressing; telling 24．______ going to study in the United States, Dahlia began to pack her luggage. A．To approve of B．Approving of C．Having approved of D．Having been approved of 25．Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 26．The documentary achieved widespread popularity on social media, ______ the destructive effects of plastic pollution in a visually striking way. A．to highlight B．highlighting C．highlighted D．being highlighted 27．Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination ________ sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. A．to boast B．being boasted C．boasted D．boasting 28．A heavy snow hit our area for the first time this year, _________great inconvenience to traffic and transportation. A．causing B．caused C．to cause D．having caused 29．The development of new media, ________ from the internet to digital television，means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention. A．ranges B．ranged C．to range D．ranging 30．Tell Mary that there is someone ________ for her at the door. A．waiting B．waited C．waits D．to wait 31．________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 32．—It is selfless_________ the doctor to devote all the time he had _________ for the patients. —I think so, they are so great. A．for; to care B．of; to care C．for; to caring D．of; to caring 33．Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 34．We were having a meeting when some strangers broke in without _________. A．invited B．having invited C．being invited D．inviting 35．--I’m sure you have a plan. --Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island. A．take B．to take C．to be taking D．taking 36．As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. A．to save B．being saved C．save D．to be saved 37．Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 38．Why not_________down and talk with your parents? A．to sit B．sitting C．sit D．sat 39．We regret _______ that all flights to Florida will be put off due to the coming storms. A．announcing B．to have announced C．to announce D．to be announced 40．The question ______ at tomorrow’s meeting is very important, so we’d better make careful and adequate preparations for it. A．to be discussed B．discussed C．being discussed D．to discuss 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式． Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 41 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 42 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 43 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 44 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 45 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 46 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 47 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 48 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 49 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 50 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． 2 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式 We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 51 (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？ A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 52 we match our music to our feelings. It looks like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than 53 (simple) depressing- because it triggers positive memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 54 (be)two groups of possible 55 (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学). In terms of social psychology, one way of 56 (think) about this is that we feel much better about 57 (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person 58 (have) an even worse day than you are. Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 59 music that mirrors the tone of their current life circumstances -the songs act as 60 sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共鸣) with us. 3 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 61 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   62 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 63 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 64 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 65 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 66 (bring) many changes to the world’s 67 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 68 (treasure) come alive again. “ 69 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 70 people’s daily lives,” he said. 4 Luoyang is one of the cities in China 71 artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 72 （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous 73 （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters. Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 74 （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 75 important strategic（战略的）location. As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 76 （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is 77 （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 78 the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 79 （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 80 （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：各种内置滤镜的应用程序允许用户软化皱纹或调整面部特征的大小和形状。设空处为with的宾语补足语，和宾语 filters之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，构成with的复合结构，故选C。 2．A 【解析】考查it强调句句式和过去分词。句意：地震是在凌晨3点发生的。数百人丧生，许多人被埋在废墟中。去掉it was和空格后句子完整，所以此处为it强调句句式，即“it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”，且此处强调的是物，所以应用that。在with的复合结构中，动词bury意为“埋”，和逻辑主语a lot构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故选A。 3．B 【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：他离开了办公室，眼里含着泪水。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是with复合结构“with+n./pron+介词短语”，“眼里含着泪水”译为with tears in his eyes。故选B。 4．C 【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：在截至日期前只剩很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作。因为time和leave是被动关系，所以这里left是过去分词，A、B和D 三个选项都不能构成被动意思的状语从句；C 项构成了with复合结构在整个句中作状语，而其中left是过去分词在复合结构中作宾语补足语。故选C。 5．A 【解析】考察with的复合结构。句意：随着酒精和毒品被逐出他们的生活，二十世纪九十年代后的年轻人现在趋向于形成更加健康的爱好。 复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。短语kick out 表示“把球踢出界，逐出，解雇，开除”。在结构with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词中，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用kicked符合题意。故选A 6．B 【解析】考查介词用法。句意：随着经济危机变得越来越严重，政府正在想方设法改善人们的生活。这里the crisis of economy getting more and more serious是一个短语，所以应该用介词with，表示伴随；而as，when和if后面都要跟状语从句，不符合。故选B。 7．A 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：当我走进房间时，我发现艾米丽静静地坐在沙发上，眼睛盯着故事书。her eyes为独立主语，此处为独立主格结构，其中的动词fix应为非谓语形式，her eyes和fix为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故选A项。 8．A 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：资金终于到位，志愿者团队立即行动起来，确保每个孩子都有饭吃。分析知，本句已有谓语动词sprang，所以空处动词应用非谓语形式，B项排除，secured的逻辑主语应该是The funds，所以D项排除，所以空处应是“名词+非谓语”形式的独立主格形式，逻辑主语The funds和secured之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故选A项。 9．B 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：游客们来到兵马俑1号坑，目不转睛地盯着这些独特的历史遗迹。根据句意和句子结构，设空处为独立主格结构，动词短语fix one’s eyes on /upon...，意为“目不转睛”，动词fix与逻辑主语eyes之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，故选B项。 10．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这鱼尝起来很难吃，孩子们几乎没碰它。 分析可知，逗号前部分为独立主格，空处应填非谓语动词，感官系动词taste"尝起来"只有主动形式，用现在分词；根据leave sb./sth.+宾补可知，第二空应填非谓语动词作宾补，it（指代鱼肉）和untouch之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故选B。 11．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他的口音来判断，这个男孩一定来自北欧的一个国家，比如挪威或芬兰。judging by...根据……来判断，常用作评注性状语，为固定用法，在句中独立存在。故选D。 12．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他所说的来判断，他一定是那个偷了车的贼。Judge from 从……来判断。现在分词短语在句中作独立成分，用来解释整个句子，judging from…属于非谓语动词中的独立成分，故选A。 13．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前共有172人在医院接受治疗，of them 24 seriously ________为独立主格结构做伴随状语，其中24人严重受伤。24后省略名词people，与injure之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，相当于 and of them 24 seriously are injured 。故选B。 14．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：市防控新冠疫情指挥部根据目前新冠疫情形势判断，从周四起逐步放松管制，有序回归正常生活。第一空be based on是固定搭配，这里作状语应用based；第二空常用be aimed at doing或aim to do。故选A。 15．B 【解析】考查固定句型和固定短语。句意：毫无疑问，《红楼梦》是一部很好的小说，值得一读再读。结合句意表示“毫无疑问……”可知句型为there is no doubt that…；表示“值得做某事”可知短语为be worth doing sth.。故选B。 16．B 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我过去七点起床，但现在我习惯六点起床。根据句意，连词but前后对比关系，以及used可知，前一句说“过去七点起床”，后一句由状语now可知是“现在习惯六点起床”，固定短语used to do表示“过去做某事”，be used to doing表示“习惯做某事”，结合选项，故选B。 17．C 【解析】考查use短语。句意：我过去开车上班，现在我习惯了走路。短语used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。故选C项。 18．C 【解析】考查find复合结构。句意：即便是最优秀的作家，有时也会发现自己难以用文字来表达（某些东西）。find oneself +adj.表示“发现自己……”，此处是用形容词作宾语补足语。lost“失去的；丧失的；迷惑的”。故C选项正确。 19．A 【解析】考查动词短语。根据语境可知此处表示当孩子住的离家远的时候，这些老人感到与世隔绝的样子。Cut off 切断联系B. cut down 砍到，削减C. cut out 删掉，停止   D. cut back减少，剪裁，缩短 20．C 【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。句意：女孩的内在力量使她在陷入困境时继续前进。allow somebody to do something意为“让某人做某事”，是常用的动词搭配，故选C。 21．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对他的行为感到失望，悄悄地走开了，从那一刻起就切断了与他的一切联系。动词disappoint“使失望”和主语之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词作状语，表示原因，disappointed已转化为形容词，意为“感到失望的”，修饰人。故选B。 22．D 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：海伦的智能手机坏了。她得把它修好。此空为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处为非谓语动词短语作宾补，it指代的为smartphone，与repair之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故选D项。 23．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他穿上最好的西装，准备领奖，却被告知出了一个错误。 第一个空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词dress和主语he之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词形式；第二个空格处用非谓语形式作状语，only to do表示出乎意料的结果，he和tell之间是被动关系，所以应该用不定式的被动语态to be told。故选A项。 24．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被批准去美国留学后，达利娅开始收拾行李。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，approve of和逻辑主语Dahlia为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，结合approve of该动作先于began之前发生，所以此处为过去分词的完成式，即having been done。故选D项。 25．B 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：美国著名作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》，以1920年代为背景，揭示了当时社会的空虚与焦虑。be set in“以……为背景”为固定短语，空处在句中作非谓语，把be去掉即可。故选B项。 26．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部纪录片在社交媒体上广受欢迎，以极具视觉冲击力的方式突显了塑料污染的破坏性影响。分析句子可知，“ the destructive effects of plastic pollution in a visually striking way”在句中作状语，用来补充说明纪录片受欢迎的原因。主语The documentary与 highlight之间是主动关系，即纪录片本身“突出、强调”了塑料污染的破坏性影响，应用现在分词，表主动。故选B项。 27．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，敦煌是一个世界级的旅游目的地，拥有联合国教科文组织保护的遗产地位。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词boast和逻辑主语Dunhuang为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故选D项。 28．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年我们地区第一次下暴雪，对交通运输造成极大不便。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“hit”，故空处需要用非谓语动词形式，主语“A heavy snow”和“cause”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，此处不强调动作的先后，用一般式即可，故选A项。 29．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从互联网到数字电视等新媒体的发展，意味着从事广告工作的人将不得不想出更多方法来吸引公众的注意力。分析句子结构可知，means是谓语，that引导的是宾语从句，从句中的谓语是will have，所以此处应为非谓语动词，range与其逻辑主语the development of new media之间为主动关系，结合句意可知，此处表示的是当前的状态，所以使用现在分词形式作定语。故选D项。 30．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：告诉玛丽有人在门口等她。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。不定代词someone与wait之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故选A。 31．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在文化交流项目中学习不同的风俗习惯有助于学生尊重多样性。本句已有谓语动词，所以learn用非谓语形式，本句缺少主语，应该用动名词。故选C项。 32．D 【解析】考查固定句型和固定搭配。句意：——医生非常无私，把所有的时间都花在照顾病人上。——我认为是这样的，他们太棒了。第一空前的selfless修饰的是指人的the doctor，表示人的品性，应用“It’s+形容词+of sb. to do”固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……”，故第一空应用of。根据第二空前的“devote all the time he had”可知，此处应用短语devote time to doing...表示“把时间奉献给做……”，其中第二空前面的he had作定语从句，修饰all the time，该短语中to为介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故第二空应用to caring。故选D。 33．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当灾难发生时，很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语，因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”，be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词，不可作主语；选项B为动名词的完成式，强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生，但此处未明确表达此时间关系；选项C为动词原形，不能直接作主语；选项D为动名词的一般式，符合语法要求，表示“处于准备状态”的概念，适合充当句子主语。故选D。 34．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在开会，突然一些陌生人擅自闯入。介词without后跟动名词作宾语，动词invite与其逻辑主语strangers之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式being invited。故选C项。 35．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——我相信你已经有计划了。——嗯，是的，我们正在考虑环岛旅行。此处是固定搭配：consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。故选D项。 36．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名跨境医生，我的首要任务是拯救所有非洲病人。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是my primary mission，was是系动词，后面需要用不定式作表语来补充说明主语的内容。逻辑主语与save之间为主动关系，所以用不定式的主动形式。故选A。 37．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯先生正在寻找一间足够大的教室，可以容纳所有的学生。“形容词/副词+enough to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“……足够……做……”，用不定式作结果状语，同时hold与逻辑主语a classroom之间是主动关系，用主动式to hold。故选B项。 38．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么不坐下来和你父母谈谈呢？Why not do sth.?为固定句型，意为“为什么不……呢？”，这里为不带to的不定式。故选C。 39．C 【解析】考查不定式。句意：我们很遗憾的通知所有前往弗洛里达的航班都因为暴风雨延迟了。regret后面可以接doing，意思是“后悔做过”；也可以接to do，意思是“遗憾的做”。根据句意，应该选择to do的形式。B选项错误，因为to have done表示动作发生在谓语之前，D选项错误，本题并不是被动语态，故选C项。 40．A 【解析】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：明天会议要讨论的问题很重要，所以我们最好认真、充分地准备。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰question，根据at tomorrow’s meeting可知，是问题将来被讨论，question和discuss为被动关系，所以此处为动词不定式的被动语态结构作后置定语修饰question，表示将要发生的动作。故选A项。 二、 1 41．nor 42．himself 43．which/that 44．lay 45．was admitted 46．of 47．saving 48．the 49．to awake 50．gently 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗，经过努力，赢得主人喜爱的故事。 41．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻烦，也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 42．考查反身代词。句意：他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语，且指主语本身，故应用反身代词。故填himself。 43．考查定语从句。句意：他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“　　3　　came into the yard”是定语从句，修饰strange pigs and other animals，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。 44．考查动词时态。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，Fido躺在房门前，甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语，且根据前面的时间状语可知，该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态。故填lay。 45．考查动词时态和语态。句意：Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语，主语Fido和admit之间是被动关系，且根据该句时间状语，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。 46．考查介词。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。 47．考查动名词。句意：Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。故填saving。 48．考查冠词。句意：突然，这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的Fido，表特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：他开始狂吠，想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状语，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to awake。 50．考查副词。句意：他跳起来，轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit，修饰动词用副词，故填gently。 2 51．better 52．when/as 53．simply 54．are 55．explanations 56．thinking 57．ourselves 58．is having/has 59．to 60．a 【解析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些，但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢？社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些，有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣，所以感觉会好一些。 51．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应，故填better。 52．考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。 53．考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。 54．考查主谓一致。句意：关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there be句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义，故be动词填are。 55．考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。 56．考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且think about是动词词组，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。 57．考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。 58．考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以，主语this person是第三人称单数，故填is having/has。 59．考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需要加介词to，故填to。 60．考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“a sort of”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。 3 61．whom 62．truly 63．safety 64．planning 65．themselves 66．has brought 67．largest 68．treasures 69．What 70．to 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。 61．考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。 62．考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。 63．考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。 64．考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。 65．考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。 66．考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。 67．考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。 68．考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。 69．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。 70．考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。 【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第九小题，为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故应填What。 4 71．where 72．was built 73．inventions 74．surrounded 75．an 76．cultural 77．easily 78．as 79．to appreciate 80．welcomes 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国历史文化名城——洛阳。 71．考查关系副词。Luoyang是先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语成分，故填where。 72．考查动词的时态和语态。the first Buddhist temple是主语，与谓语动词build是被动关系，began提示是过去时态，故填was built。 73．考查名词。根据后面列举的发明判断是很多发明，用复数形式，故填inventions。 74．考查非谓语动词。根据and判断此处与Located并列用非谓语动词，“包围”和“大山”是被动关系，用过去分词，故填surrounded。 75．考查冠词。此处表示“洛阳占据一个重要的位置”，故填an。 76．考查形容词。根据historical and判断要用形容词形式，形容词修饰名词，故填cultural。 77．考查副词。副词修饰动词，故填easily。 78．考查固定搭配。be known as“作为……而著名”，故填as。 79．考查非谓语动词。表示目的，用动词不定式，故填to appreciate。 80．考查主谓一致。that指代place作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填welcomes。 1 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $