精品解析：天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题

塘沽一中2026届高三毕业班第三次月考 英语笔试 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —The meeting’s been put off until next Monday. —Sorry, ________. Could you say it again? A. I didn’t mean that B. I didn’t know C. I didn’t take it D. I didn’t get it 2. The president stood by a window inside the room, ________ I entered, looking over the square. A. where B. into which C. which D. that 3. She entered the Brigham Hospital in Boston and________there for several months, but her condition got worse when she was released. A. had stayed B. stayed C. was staying D. would stay 4. The various communication options________today can be good for convenience and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. A. at our fingertips B. on the horizon C. on the cutting-edge D. on display 5. Britain recently________a version of the advanced recycling approach to address the global plastic waste crisis. A. proved B. informed C. submitted D. approved 6. A man’s taste in reading rarely remains________over the course of time. A. consistent B. ambitious C. supreme D. passionate 7. The practice of offering sacrifices to Confucius and honoring teachers________as the historical origin of “Teachers’ Day”. A. is widely regarded B. are widely regarded C. was widely regarded D. have widely regarded 8. Having lost something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy ________ the pockets of people’s coats. A. going around B. going after C. going against D. going through 9. The manager ______ have thought Johnson was worth it, so he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business. A. would B. must C. should D. could 10. —How did you find the film Chinese Doctors? —________. I can’t think too highly of it. A. It makes no sense B. It’s really amazing C. It’s awful D. It’s up to you 11. ________a positive attitude to academic pressure, he adjusted well to the fast-paced high school life at the beginning of the term. A. To adopt B. Adopted C. Adopting D. Being adopted 12. The rise of social media has________increased awareness for niche, high-end destinations like the polar regions. A. thoroughly B. occasionally C. inadequately D. dramatically 13. ________ materially rich people are, they should always strive for deeper meaning in life. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whoever 14. Both sides expressed hope for an early ______ of the dispute, aiming to prevent further delays and misunderstandings. A. conclusion B. completion C. resolution D. involvement 15. The band added some hi-tech elements in their performance, which was ________ their show was different from others. A. what B. whether C. which D. where 第二节：完型填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分) It was a sunny Friday afternoon. I, however, was____16____sitting in the mentor’s (导师) office, staring at the spreadsheet (电子数据表) on which we had____17____our goals for the week. I shaded my cells red; I had not been able to____18____any of them. My mentor, Tristan, gave me a reassuring smile, reminding me not to____19____myself too much. “It’s OK to be____20____but make sure your three weekly goals are workable and measurable,” he _____21_____. Halfway through my grad school, I was____22____with a sea of experimental failures and lost without the competence I was____23____to as an “undergrad”. When my mentor Tristan saw that I was struggling, he suggested an____24____from his experience in a sport, which is called Three to Thrive (T2T), referring to three goals set each week to help____25____progress. We set up a shared spreadsheet where we would plan our goals, which can be____26____and academic. At the end of the week, we would meet and____27____our progress in the “Friday Finish.” Then we realized the____28____themselves were the problem. It was____29____for me to see where I wanted to be in one year, or five, but I had a hard time figuring out what weekly____30____would get me there. ____31____, I was setting goals too high to achieve in a week. Since then, Tristan has helped me learn to____32____my big-picture goals into smaller tasks that are challenging but____33____. With T2T, I have been able to regain some____34____of my life.T2T has also helped Tristan and me develop a much more honest and____35____mentor-mentee relationship, connecting on everything from professional techniques to tips for not eating too much ice cream. 16. A. curiously B. unhappily C. hopefully D. sleepily 17. A. uplifted B. reached C. outlined D. overlooked 18. A. enjoy B. remember C. recognize D. complete 19. A. blame B. tease C. praise D. sacrifice 20. A. talkative B. ambitious C. sensitive D. optimistic 21. A. declared B. evaluated C. discovered D. recommended 22. A. overcome B. impressed C. trained D. equipped 23. A. equal B. grateful C. accustomed D. opposed 24. A. experiment B. approach C. association D. attitude 25 A. expect B. list C. guide D. share 26. A. athletic B. personal C. traditional D. scientific 27. A. imagine B. introduce C. discuss D. postpone 28. A. rules B. records C. goals D. games 29. A. easy B. lucky C. fair D. rare 30. A. steps B. tests C. information D. help 31. A. By the way B. As a result C. On the contrary D. All of a sudden 32. A. make out B. turn down C. put aside D. break up 33. A. flexible B. changeable C. official D. practical 34. A. facts B. questions C. dignity D. control 35. A. primitive B. standard C. authentic D. potential 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分) A The Future Stars General Introduction The Future Stars was set up in 1988 as a non-profit service center for child development devoted to providing quality child care in a loving and educational environment for children 6 weeks to 6 years of age. Our funds mainly come from public donations. A healthy curiosity for learning is the most important quality for early childhood development. We aim at offering high quality developmentally age-appropriate activities for early childhood, the most critical time of child development, so that they can do better after they start formal schooling. Hours of Operation Child care will be provided for the child from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Friday (except for holidays). Children may not arrive before 7:00 am or remain after 6:00 pm. Should an emergency arises, the parent should immediately make us know in consideration of our work arrangements. A late charge of $1.00 per minute will be assessed if the child is not picked up by 6:05 pm. Charges for these services are to be paid directly to the staff person that has been looking after your child until your arrival; not to the center. Failure to pay late charges may affect continued services with the center. Parking Dropping off and picking up your child can be made from the two main areas, Spring Street and Seventh Street. Parking is free for parents coming to visit their children in our center. Please do not leave your purse or valuables in your car and be sure to lock your vehicle. Tuition (学费) When it has been confirmed that a position is available for your child, you must pay a registration (注册) fee of $200 per child. The weekly tuition fee is $98.00. You can make payments either by credit card or in cash on Monday every week. If your payment is not made by Tuesday at 9:00 am, you will be charged a $25.00 late fee. For more information, please call 434-293-6110 or visit at www.childdevelopmentcenter.com. 36. The Future Stars is intended for ________. A. would-be parents B. pre-school children C. child experts D. teenagers 37. Which of the following is NOT true about the Future Stars? A. It has a history of more than three decades. B. It has shorter hours of operation on holidays. C. It offers free parking service for visiting parents. D. It aims to improve children’s development through activities. 38. What can we know about late pick-ups from the text? A. They may affect continued services with the center. B. Parents needn’t pay late charges for them. C. Parents have to inform the center of them right away. D. They may greatly disturb the work arrangements of the center. 39. If you want your child to receive child care service from the Future Stars, you must ________. A. pay every Monday B. be charged a $25.00 late fee C. pay $98.00 for registration D. pay in cash 40. What is the purpose of the text? A. To attract public donations. B. To promote early education. C. To tell the benefits of child care. D. To introduce a child development center. B Elizabeth Keyton, originally from Georgia, the USA, married Arjun, a Malayali. She wanted to learn his mother tongue to strengthen their family bond. In the process, she created an Instagram page called “Elikutty” through which she now teaches Malayalam to thousands of people. “I always loved hearing people speak different languages, but when my mother from Serbia spoke Serbian at home, my father showed no interest in learning it, leaving frequent misunderstanding and communicating problems. That’s when I decided that if I met someone from a different culture, I would try to learn his language, which would be good for us and our family,” says Elizabeth to The Better India. “So when my relationship with Arjun started looking serious because of difficulties in communicating, I decided to learn Malayalam. However, I found that there weren’t enough resources to learn the language. Most books available were outdated or made for children. A small amount of material was often too difficult for casual (非正式的) language learners like me,” says the 35-year-old. “Later, I struggled to find a teacher suited to my needs and some grammar resources online.” As an English teacher, Elizabeth used her teaching skills to learn Malayalam. She wrote notes and made doodles (涂鸦) to learn the letters. “For me, the best way to learn is by explaining it to someone else, so I made an Instagram page in 2018 to share my notes and small drawings,” she says. Starting out with 1,000 followers in 2018, her Instagram page has over 70,000 followers today. She is pleased to make learning Malayalam fun and easy. “I have seen what happens when languages are ignored in my own house. My brother doesn’t know Serbian, which means his family won’t. It’s important to know English as it is a global language and helps when you go abroad, but the same respect should be given to native languages. They are the true way to a person’s heart.” says Elizabeth.(333) 41. Why did Elizabeth decide to learn Malayalam? A. To build a foundation for her career. B. To improve her relationship with Arjun. C. To better communicate with her mother. D. To satisfy her interest in foreign languages. 42. What difficulty did Elizabeth meet during her learning? A. Rejection from her husband. B. Failure to find a native partner. C. Lack of suitable learning resources. D. Inability to find a professional teacher. 43. What was Elizabeth’s Instagram. page used to do at first? A. Collect learning tips. B. Help her in self-study. C. Practice small drawings. D. Teach others Malayalam. 44. What is Elizabeth’s opinion on language learning? A. Using social media as the primary tool. B. Respecting our inner thinking at all times. C. Always putting the family’s common language first. D. Treating official languages and mother tongues equally. 45. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise Elizabeth’s Instagram page B. To discuss the difficulties of learning Malayalam C. To tell a story about how language learning strengthened family bonds D. To compare different methods of language learning C Giving blood regularly may not just be saving the lives of other people, it could also be improving your own blood’s health at a genetic level, according to a new study. A team of researchers compared samples from 217 men who had given blood more than 100 times in their lives, to samples from 212 men who had donated less than 10 times, to look for any variance in blood health. While the differences were subtle, the frequent donors’ blood was more likely to have beneficial mutations (突变) in a gene called DNMT3A．Other mutations in DNMT3A have been previously linked to blood cancer. “Our work is a fascinating example of how our genes interact with the environment as we age.” says stem cell biologist Dominique Bonnet, from The Francis Crick Institute in the UK. Specifically, the team looked at blood stem cells, which produce more blood cells on demand. As we get older, these mechanisms can start to break down, leading to problems with blood cancers such as leukemia (白血病). Blood loss triggers the production of the hormone erythropoietin (促红细胞生成素激素). In lab tests on blood stem cells treated with erythropoietin, the researchers found those with the DNMT3A mutation produced blood faster than those without the mutation. This suggests frequent blood loss leads to more production of the mutated blood cells. Research in mice shows the DNMT3A mutation results in healthier blood levels after the stress of blood loss. “Activities that put low levels of stress on blood cell production allow our blood stem cells to renew and we think this favors mutations that further promote stem cell growth rather than disease.” says Bonnet. However, there are limitations to consider. Blood donors are more likely to be healthier anyway (it’s a condition of giving blood), so figuring out any additional health benefit is tricky, because it might actually come from being in better shape to begin with. “Our sample size is quite modest, so we can’t say that blood donation definitely decreases the occurrence of pre-leukemic mutations.” says Bonnet. In the US, there’s such an urgent need for blood donors that someone needs blood or platelets (small fragments in blood) every two seconds. Having healthier blood is an added bonus. While waiting for more detailed studies to confirm these findings, the study tells us more about how blood cancers can get started in the first place. “We’re now aiming to work out how these different types of mutations play a role in developing leukemia or not, and whether they can be targeted therapeutically.” says stem cell biologist Hector Huerga Encabo, from the Francis Crick Institute. 46. What was the primary focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. The genetic differences between frequent and occasional blood donors. B. The role of erythropoietin in blood cell production. C. The relationship between blood donation and leukemia. D. The therapeutic applications of DNMT3A mutations 47. According to the research, blood loss affects blood stem cells in that ______ . A. It triggers the production of cancerous cells in the DNMT3A gene B. It accelerates the growth of cells with beneficial DNMT3A mutations C. It benefits the overall health condition of the donors D. It weakens the regenerative capacity of blood stem cells 48. What can be inferred about the DNMT3A gene from the passage? A. Its activity is primarily regulated by environmental factors. B. Most mutations in DNMT3A are harmless and non-functional. C. The gene is only responsible for blood cancer development. D. Its beneficial mutations may enhance blood cell production efficiency. 49. What limitation does the study acknowledge? A. Donors’ genetic backgrounds were not fully accounted for. B. Donors’ pre-existing health conditions might influence results. C. Erythropoietin levels were not measured in the experiment. D. Mouse models cannot accurately reflect human genetic mechanisms. 50. Based on the passage, the research team’s next goal is ______ . A. to develop a new drug targeting DNMT3A mutations B. to conduct large-scale human trials of erythropoietin therapy C. to determine which DNMT3A mutations directly cause leukemia D. to analyze environmental factors influencing blood donation behavior D “A lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” It’s a well-known saying. But a more accurate version would be: “A confidently told lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc. When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision. And as the modern world has shown us repeatedly, this regularly leads to undesirable outcomes. Why would this tendency come about? Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people. So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently declare “There’s a tiger coming”, instinctively (本能地) believing them was a valuable survival skill. Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is. We’ve all met someone who confidently lectures others on how the world works, despite being wrong about literally everything. It’s the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people with low ability/ experience/ knowledge about something often significantly overestimate their abilities/ expertise regarding it. This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence. We live in a highly interconnected, increasingly complex society, where countless people and worldviews end up overlapping (重叠) constantly. So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right. Left unchecked it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone. 51. What tendency is presented about humans in the first two paragraphs? A. Hating bad results much. B. Believing lies too easily. C. Trusting confident statements. D. Lacking decision-making skills. 52. What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sensitive. B. Competitive. C. Ignorant. D. Social. 53. Why do some people fall into the Dunning-Kruger effect? A. They aren’t wise enough. B. They are hard to persuade. C. They aren’t questioned by experts. D. They are afraid of admitting mistakes. 54. In what tone is the last paragraph written? A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Enthusiastic. D. Concerned. 55. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the text? A. Confident people are always right. B. Confidence always leads to positive outcomes. C Confidence can mislead people. D. Lies are easier to detect than truths. 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) Henry Ford, one of the few men that made mainstream automobiles a reality. He was born into a family of farmers who originated from England and Ireland. Not the wealthiest of families, but not poverty-stricken either. In his teenage years, his father had given him a timepiece which he later took to pieces just to see if he could piece it together again successfully, which he did. He then did the same with other people’s timepieces and eventually he repaired them too. Henry was also a sufferer of Dyslexia (阅读困难者), and although this was a hurdle it was not a reason to give up. He completed an apprenticeship (学徒期) with James F. Flower & Bros, and also with the Detroit Dry Dock Company. In 1891 he met with Thomas Edison, who liked his concept of an auto-mobile, so he allowed him to use his warehouses to manufacture two vehicles. Ford was grateful but later built his own company so he could build the cars on his own terms backed by William H. Murphy and in 1899 he founded the Detroit Automobile Company. This was short lived, however, as the vehicles produced lacked the quality and precision. And they were horribly expensive. The business went under, but it didn’t stop him. Ford went on to build the Cadillac Automobile company. After almost failing a second time because of lack of sales and high debts, more partners came into the business and the name was changed to the Ford Motor Company. The Ford Motor Company generated around 156 billion U.S. dollars in revenue (税收) in 2019. 56. Why did the author mention the timepiece? (no more than 10 words) 57 What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 3 words) 58. Who helped Henry Ford before he founded the Detroit Automobile Company? (no more than 6 words) 59. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 15 words) 60. What do you think of Henry Ford? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61. 高中生面临着学业压力，遇到了一些情绪波动或心理上的挑战，比如焦虑、不愿与人交往等现象。假设你是高中生李津，针对这种情况，你们班要举行一次班会。请你作为班长，写一篇发言稿。内容包括： 1. 健康的心理很重要。 2. 给同学们提些建议。（至少两点） Dear classmates, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 塘沽一中2026届高三毕业班第三次月考 英语笔试 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —The meeting’s been put off until next Monday. —Sorry, ________. Could you say it again? A. I didn’t mean that B. I didn’t know C. I didn’t take it D. I didn’t get it 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。会议推迟到下周一。不好意思，我没听清。你能再说一遍吗？A. I didn’t mean that我不是那个意思；B. I didn’t know我不知道；C. I didn’t take it我没拿；D. I didn’t get it我没听清。根据后文“Could you say it again?”可知，后文要求对方再说一遍，故此处为“没听清”。故选D。 2. The president stood by a window inside the room, ________ I entered, looking over the square. A. where B. into which C. which D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：总统站在我进入的房间里的一扇窗户旁，看着广场。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the room指物，在定语从句中作宾语，此处是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which引导。故选C。 3. She entered the Brigham Hospital in Boston and________there for several months, but her condition got worse when she was released. A. had stayed B. stayed C. was staying D. would stay 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她住进了波士顿的布里格姆医院，并在那里住了几个月，但出院时她的病情却恶化了。分析句子结构可知，这里考查谓语动词，She与stay为主动关系；根据句中 “entered”（一般过去时）和“for several months”可知，“住院”是与“进入医院”并列且发生在过去的动作，二者无明显先后顺序，均需用一般过去时；“for several months”可与一般过去时搭配，表过去持续的一段时间，stayed符合语境。故选B项。 4. The various communication options________today can be good for convenience and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. A. at our fingertips B. on the horizon C. on the cutting-edge D. on display 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：如今触手可及的各种沟通方式，既有利于便捷沟通和提高效率，同时也可能带来不少麻烦。A. at our fingertips触手可及的；B. on the horizon即将发生的；C. on the cutting-edge处于前沿的；D. on display展出的。根据句意“沟通方式能带来便捷”可知，此处强调“容易获取和使用”的特点，at our fingertips符合语境。故选A项。 5. Britain recently________a version of the advanced recycling approach to address the global plastic waste crisis. A. proved B. informed C. submitted D. approved 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：英国近期批准了一种先进回收方法的版本，以应对全球塑料垃圾危机。A. proved证明；B. informed通知；C. submitted提交；D. approved批准。根据句意“为应对塑料垃圾危机而启用先进回收方法”可知，此处需体现“官方认可并允许实施”的动作，approved符合语境。故选D项。 6. A man’s taste in reading rarely remains________over the course of time. A. consistent B. ambitious C. supreme D. passionate 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人的阅读品味很少会随着时间的推移而保持一致。A. consistent一致的，稳定的；B. ambitious有雄心的；C. supreme至高的，最高的；D. passionate热情的。根据句中“rarely remains”和“over the course of time”可知，此处讨论的是阅读品味是否会随时间变化，consistent 表示“始终如一的”，与“rarely”连用，强调人的阅读偏好通常会发生变化，符合常理和语境。故选A项。 7. The practice of offering sacrifices to Confucius and honoring teachers________as the historical origin of “Teachers’ Day”. A. is widely regarded B. are widely regarded C. was widely regarded D. have widely regarded 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：祭祀孔子和尊师的做法被广泛视为“教师节”的历史起源。句子描述普遍事实，应使用现在时。主语the practice与谓语regard是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故选A。 8. Having lost something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy ________ the pockets of people’s coats. A. going around B. going after C. going against D. going through 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在衣帽间落了东西，就进去取，发现罗伊在翻人们的外套口袋。A. going around到处逛逛；B. going after追求；C. going against违反，反对；D. going through仔细检查。由“the pockets of people’s coats”可知，罗伊在翻人们的外套口袋。故选D。 9. The manager ______ have thought Johnson was worth it, so he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business. A. would B. must C. should D. could 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：经理一定认为约翰逊很有价值，所以他给了他很多机会来提高业务技能。A. would会；B. must一定；C. should应该；D. could可能。根据“he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business”可知，经理“一定”认为约翰逊很有价值，所以给了他很多机会，此处表示对过去情况有把握的肯定推测，must have done符合语法语境。故选B项。 10. —How did you find the film Chinese Doctors? —________. I can’t think too highly of it. A It makes no sense B. It’s really amazing C. It’s awful D. It’s up to you 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。——你觉得这部电影《中国医生》怎么样？——太精彩了。我对它评价再高也不为过。A. It makes no sense它无意义；B. It’s really amazing它真的太精彩了；C. It’s awful它很糟糕；D. It’s up to you由你决定。根据后文“ I can’t think too highly of it”可知，“对它评价再高也不为过”，故作者很喜欢这部电影。故选B。 11. ________a positive attitude to academic pressure, he adjusted well to the fast-paced high school life at the beginning of the term. A. To adopt B. Adopted C. Adopting D. Being adopted 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：由于对学业压力采取了积极的态度，他在学期初就很好地适应了快节奏的高中生活。分析句子结构可知，句子中逗号前为非谓语动词短语作原因状语，逻辑主语he与 adopt之间是主动关系，即“他主动采取态度”，需用现在分词表主动，Adopting符合语境。故选C项。 12. The rise of social media has________increased awareness for niche, high-end destinations like the polar regions. A. thoroughly B. occasionally C. inadequately D. dramatically 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体的兴起极大地提高了人们对极地地区这类小众高端目的地的关注度。A. thoroughly彻底地；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. inadequately不足地；D. dramatically显著地、极大地。根据句意“社交媒体兴起”对“小众目的地关注度”的影响，以及结合现实中社交媒体的传播特性可知，此处需体现“关注度大幅提升”的强烈效果，dramatically符合语境。故选D项。 13. ________ materially rich people are, they should always strive for deeper meaning in life. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whoever 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论人们在物质上多么富有，他们都应该始终追求更深层次的生活意义。A. Wherever无论哪里；B. Whatever无论什么；C, However无论多么；D. Whoever无论谁。根据句意可知，本句为however引导的让步状语从句。however在此相当于no matter how，修饰materially rich，however引导让步状语从句时，其完整结构为：However + adj./adv. + S + V。故选C。 14. Both sides expressed hope for an early ______ of the dispute, aiming to prevent further delays and misunderstandings. A. conclusion B. completion C. resolution D. involvement 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：双方都表示希望尽早解决争端，以防止进一步的延误和误解。A. conclusion结论；B. completion完成；C. resolution解决；D. involvement参与。由“the dispute, aiming to prevent further delays and misunderstandings”可知，句子表示“双方都表示希望尽早解决争端，以防止进一步的延误和误解”，空格处意为“解决”。故选C。 15. The band added some hi-tech elements in their performance, which was ________ their show was different from others. A. what B. whether C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这支乐队在表演中加入了一些高科技元素，这正是他们的演出与其他演出的不同之处。分析句子结构可知，非限定性定语从句中was后接表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，所以用连接副词where引导。故选D。 第二节：完型填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分) It was a sunny Friday afternoon. I, however, was____16____sitting in the mentor’s (导师) office, staring at the spreadsheet (电子数据表) on which we had____17____our goals for the week. I shaded my cells red; I had not been able to____18____any of them. My mentor, Tristan, gave me a reassuring smile, reminding me not to____19____myself too much. “It’s OK to be____20____but make sure your three weekly goals are workable and measurable,” he _____21_____. Halfway through my grad school, I was____22____with a sea of experimental failures and lost without the competence I was____23____to as an “undergrad”. When my mentor Tristan saw that I was struggling, he suggested an____24____from his experience in a sport, which is called Three to Thrive (T2T), referring to three goals set each week to help____25____progress. We set up a shared spreadsheet where we would plan our goals, which can be____26____and academic. At the end of the week, we would meet and____27____our progress in the “Friday Finish.” Then we realized the____28____themselves were the problem. It was____29____for me to see where I wanted to be in one year, or five, but I had a hard time figuring out what weekly____30____would get me there. ____31____, I was setting goals too high to achieve in a week. Since then, Tristan has helped me learn to____32____my big-picture goals into smaller tasks that are challenging but____33____. With T2T, I have been able to regain some____34____of my life.T2T has also helped Tristan and me develop a much more honest and____35____mentor-mentee relationship, connecting on everything from professional techniques to tips for not eating too much ice cream. 16. A. curiously B. unhappily C. hopefully D. sleepily 17. A. uplifted B. reached C. outlined D. overlooked 18. A. enjoy B. remember C. recognize D. complete 19. A. blame B. tease C. praise D. sacrifice 20. A. talkative B. ambitious C. sensitive D. optimistic 21. A. declared B. evaluated C. discovered D. recommended 22. A. overcome B. impressed C. trained D. equipped 23. A. equal B. grateful C. accustomed D. opposed 24. A. experiment B. approach C. association D. attitude 25. A. expect B. list C. guide D. share 26. A. athletic B. personal C. traditional D. scientific 27. A. imagine B. introduce C. discuss D. postpone 28. A. rules B. records C. goals D. games 29. A. easy B. lucky C. fair D. rare 30. A. steps B. tests C. information D. help 31 A. By the way B. As a result C. On the contrary D. All of a sudden 32. A. make out B. turn down C. put aside D. break up 33. A. flexible B. changeable C. official D. practical 34. A. facts B. questions C. dignity D. control 35. A. primitive B. standard C. authentic D. potential 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在导师的帮助下，运用导师的“Three to Thrive(T2T)”方法，制定更切实可行的每周小目标，从而实现大目标。 【16题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我却不开心地坐在导师的办公室里，盯着那张大表格，上面列着我们本周的目标。A. curiously好奇地；B. unhappily不开心地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. sleepily困倦地。根据上文“It was a sunny Friday afternoon.(这是一个晴朗的星期五下午)”和本句中转折副词“however”下文“I shaded my cells red; I had not been able to ____ any of them”可知，作者因未完成目标心情不佳，unhappily符合“失落的情绪”。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我却不开心地坐在导师的办公室里，盯着那张大表格，上面列着我们本周的目标。A. uplifted提升；B. reached达成；C. outlined列出；D. overlooked忽视。根据下文“our goals for the week”以及语境可知，电子数据表的功能是列出目标，outlined符合“表格记录目标”的场景。故选C项。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把自己的单元格涂成了红色，一个目标也没完成。A. enjoy享受；B. remember记得；C. recognize认出；D. complete完成。根据上文“I shaded my cells red”以及常识可知，单元格涂红色通常表示“未完成”，后文导师建议调整目标，也印证作者“没完成目标”，complete符合“目标是否达成”的核心语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的导师特里斯坦给了我一个安心的微笑，提醒我不要太自责。A. blame责怪；B. tease取笑；C. praise表扬；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据上文“gave me a reassuring smile”以及语境可知，这里指作者因未完成目标可能自我责怪，导师的微笑和提醒是为了让他“不要自责”，blame oneself，为固定搭配，符合“安慰他人的语境”。故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“有野心没问题，但要确保你的三个周目标是可行且可衡量的。”他建议道。A. talkative健谈的；B. ambitious有野心的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据下文“I was setting goals too high to achieve”可知，作者设置的每周的目标很高，导师认为他有野心这一方面是不错的。ambitious符合“目标过高的原因”。故选B项。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“有野心没问题，但要确保你的三个周目标是可行且可衡量的。” 他建议道。A. declared宣布；B. evaluated评估；C. discovered发现；D. recommended建议。根据上文“make sure your three weekly goals are workable and measurable”可知，导师对作者的目标给出调整方向，属于建议，recommended符合“导师指导学生”的角色。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的学习期间，我深受无数次实验失败的影响，也因觉得没有与一个本科生相匹配的能力而感到很茫然。A. overcome（被困难）压倒、困扰；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. trained训练；D. equipped配备。根据下文“a sea of experimental failures”可知，“无数实验失败”是负面困境，overcome此处为被动语态，表“被困境压倒、困扰”，符合“作者陷入困难的状态”。故选A项。 23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的学习期间，我我深受无数次实验失败的影响，也因觉得没有与一个本科生相匹配的能力而感到很茫然。A. equal同等的，相当的；B. grateful感激的；C. accustomed习惯的；D. opposed反对的。根据下文“to as an “undergrad””以及语境可知，因为不能完成每周的目标，作者觉得自己的知识和能力不能胜任。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当导师特里斯坦看到我在挣扎时，他根据自己的运动经验，提出了一种方法，叫做“三目标成长法”（T2T），指的是每周设定三个目标来指导进步。A. experiment实验；B. approach方法；C. association联系；D. attitude态度。根据下文“Three to Thrive (T2T)”可知，这是导师提出的“方法”，用于帮助作者推进目标，approach符合“解决问题的策略”。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当导师特里斯坦看到我在挣扎时，他根据自己的运动经验，提出了一种方法，叫做“三目标成长法”（T2T），指的是每周设定三个目标来指导进步。A. expect期待；B. list列出；C. guide指导；D. share分享。根据上文“three goals set each week to help”以及语境可知，设定目标的目的是“指导”进步，明确方向，guide符合“目标对行动的引领作用”。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们建立了一个共享表格来规划目标，这些目标可以是个人的，也可以是学术的。A. athletic运动的；B. personal个人的；C. traditional传统的；D. scientific科学的。根据下文“I was setting goals too high to achieve in a week.”以及语境可知，这里指作者和导师一起制定符合个人情况的目标。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在周末，我们会碰面，在“周五收尾”环节讨论我们的进展。A. imagine想象；B. introduce介绍；C. discuss讨论；D. postpone推迟。根据上文“we would meet”以及语境可知，他们是见面讨论。discuss符合“导师与学生沟通目标执行情况”的场景。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我们意识到，目标本身就是问题所在。A. rules规则；B. records记录；C. goals目标；D. games游戏。根据下文“I was setting goals too high to achieve in a week.”可知，作者觉得自己设置的目标太高了，因此是目标本身有问题。goals为全文核心词，符合“问题根源的定位”。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，设想自己一年后或五年后想达到的状态很容易，但我很难弄清楚每周需要采取哪些步骤才能实现这个目标。A. easy容易的；B. lucky幸运的；C. fair公平的；D. rare稀有的。根据下文“but I had a hard time”可知，这里长期的目标作者很容易看到。前后意思转折，easy和had a hard time相对应。故选A项。 30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，设想自己一年后或五年后想达到的状态很容易，但我很难弄清楚每周需要采取哪些步骤才能实现这个目标。A. steps步骤；B. tests测试；C. information信息；D. help帮助。根据上文“weekly”以及语境可知，“每周计划”是实现长远目标的“具体行动”，steps指“具体行动步骤”，符合“通过每周步骤达成长远目标”的逻辑。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：结果，我设定的目标太高，一周内根本无法完成。A. By the way顺便说；B. As a result结果；C. On the contrary相反；D. All of a sudden突然。根据上文“I had a hard time figuring out what weekly ____ would get me there”可知，作者不清楚具体每周的目标，因此设置的目标过高。As a result体现因果关系，符合“因步骤不清导致目标过高”的逻辑。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后，特里斯坦帮我学会了把宏大的目标分解成更小的任务，这些任务既有挑战性，又切实可行。A. make out辨认出；B. turn down拒绝；C. put aside搁置；D. break up分解。根据下文“my big-picture goals into smaller tasks”可知，“big-picture goals”与“smaller tasks”的关系是“分解”，break up符合“将大目标拆分为小任务”的操作。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，特里斯坦帮我学会了把宏大的目标分解成更小的任务，这些任务既有挑战性，又切实可行。A. flexible灵活的；B. changeable可改变的；C. official官方的；D. practical切实可行的。根据上文“smaller tasks”可知，导师帮助作者制定小任务是在一周内可以做到的，practical符合“目标调整的核心方向”。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了“三目标成长法”，我重新掌控了自己的生活。A. facts事实；B. questions问题；C. dignity尊严；D. control控制。根据上文“I had not been able to ____ any of them”可知，原来作者制定的目标一周内一个也完不成，现在作者能够完成那些小的任务。设置的目标是自己能够掌控的。regain control of符合“从迷茫到有序”的状态变化。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“三目标成长法”也帮助特里斯坦和我建立了一种更坦诚、更真实的师徒关系，我们无话不谈，从专业技巧到如何控制冰淇淋摄入量的建议都有。A. primitive原始的；B. standard标准的；C. authentic真实的；D. potential潜在的。根据上文“much more honest”以及语境可知，“honest”与“authentic”并列，体现师徒关系“真诚、不虚假”的特点，符合“无话不谈”的亲密状态。故选C项。 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分) A The Future Stars General Introduction The Future Stars was set up in 1988 as a non-profit service center for child development devoted to providing quality child care in a loving and educational environment for children 6 weeks to 6 years of age. Our funds mainly come from public donations. A healthy curiosity for learning is the most important quality for early childhood development. We aim at offering high quality developmentally age-appropriate activities for early childhood, the most critical time of child development, so that they can do better after they start formal schooling. Hours of Operation Child care will be provided for the child from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Friday (except for holidays). Children may not arrive before 7:00 am or remain after 6:00 pm. Should an emergency arises, the parent should immediately make us know in consideration of our work arrangements. A late charge of $1.00 per minute will be assessed if the child is not picked up by 6:05 pm. Charges for these services are to be paid directly to the staff person that has been looking after your child until your arrival; not to the center. Failure to pay late charges may affect continued services with the center. Parking Dropping off and picking up your child can be made from the two main areas, Spring Street and Seventh Street. Parking is free for parents coming to visit their children in our center. Please do not leave your purse or valuables in your car and be sure to lock your vehicle. Tuition (学费) When it has been confirmed that a position is available for your child, you must pay a registration (注册) fee of $200 per child. The weekly tuition fee is $98.00. You can make payments either by credit card or in cash on Monday every week. If your payment is not made by Tuesday at 9:00 am, you will be charged a $25.00 late fee. For more information, please call 434-293-6110 or visit at www.childdevelopmentcenter.com. 36. The Future Stars is intended for ________. A. would-be parents B. pre-school children C. child experts D. teenagers 37. Which of the following is NOT true about the Future Stars? A. It has a history of more than three decades. B. It has shorter hours of operation on holidays. C. It offers free parking service for visiting parents. D. It aims to improve children’s development through activities. 38. What can we know about late pick-ups from the text? A. They may affect continued services with the center. B. Parents needn’t pay late charges for them. C. Parents have to inform the center of them right away. D. They may greatly disturb the work arrangements of the center. 39. If you want your child to receive child care service from the Future Stars, you must ________. A. pay every Monday B. be charged a $25.00 late fee C. pay $98.00 for registration D. pay in cash 40. What is the purpose of the text? A. To attract public donations. B. To promote early education. C. To tell the benefits of child care. D. To introduce a child development center. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个名为“The Future Stars”的儿童发展非营利服务中心。该中心致力于提供给6周到6岁儿童一个充满爱和教育意义的环境，提供高质量的发展适龄活动，以促进儿童早期教育的发展。文章还涵盖了中心的营业时间、停车信息和学费规定等具体细节。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据General Introduction部分的“The Future Stars was set up in 1988 as a non-profit service center for child development devoted to providing quality child care in a loving and educational environment for children 6 weeks to 6 years of age. (未来之星成立于1988年，是一家非营利性儿童发展服务中心，致力于在充满爱心和教育的环境中为6周至6岁的儿童提供优质的儿童保育服务)”可推知，未来之星服务中心是为那些学龄前儿童设计的。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hours of Operation部分的“Child care will be provided for the child from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Friday (except for holidays). (周一至周五上午7:00至下午6:00（节假日除外）将为儿童提供托儿服务)”可知，节假日不提供服务，B项表述不正确。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据部分Hours of Operation部分的“Should an emergency arises, the parent should immediately make us know in consideration of our work arrangements. (如果出现紧急情况，考虑到我们的工作安排，家长应立即通知我们)”可知，如果晚点接孩子则需要马上通知他们。故选C项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tuition (学费)部分的“When it has been confirmed that a position is available for your child, you must pay a registration (注册) fee of $200 per child. The weekly tuition fee is $98.00. You can make payments either by credit card or in cash on Monday every week. If your payment is not made by Tuesday at 9:00 am, you will be charged a $25.00 late fee. (当确认你的孩子有职位空缺时，你必须为每个孩子支付200美元的注册费用。每周学费为98.00美元。你可以在每周一使用信用卡或现金付款。如果你未在周二上午9:00之前付款，你将被收取25.00美元的滞纳金)”可知，如果你想让你的孩子接受未来之星的儿童保育服务，你必须每周一付费。故选A项。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“For more information, please call 434-293-6110 or visit at www.childdevelopmentcenter.com.(欲了解更多信息，请致电434-293-6110或访问 www.childdevelopmentcenter.com)”可推知，文章的目的是介绍一个儿童培训中心。故选D项。 B Elizabeth Keyton, originally from Georgia, the USA, married Arjun, a Malayali. She wanted to learn his mother tongue to strengthen their family bond. In the process, she created an Instagram page called “Elikutty” through which she now teaches Malayalam to thousands of people. “I always loved hearing people speak different languages, but when my mother from Serbia spoke Serbian at home, my father showed no interest in learning it, leaving frequent misunderstanding and communicating problems. That’s when I decided that if I met someone from a different culture, I would try to learn his language, which would be good for us and our family,” says Elizabeth to The Better India. “So when my relationship with Arjun started looking serious because of difficulties in communicating, I decided to learn Malayalam. However, I found that there weren’t enough resources to learn the language. Most books available were outdated or made for children. A small amount of material was often too difficult for casual (非正式的) language learners like me,” says the 35-year-old. “Later, I struggled to find a teacher suited to my needs and some grammar resources online.” As an English teacher, Elizabeth used her teaching skills to learn Malayalam. She wrote notes and made doodles (涂鸦) to learn the letters. “For me, the best way to learn is by explaining it to someone else, so I made an Instagram page in 2018 to share my notes and small drawings,” she says. Starting out with 1,000 followers in 2018, her Instagram page has over 70,000 followers today. She is pleased to make learning Malayalam fun and easy. “I have seen what happens when languages are ignored in my own house. My brother doesn’t know Serbian, which means his family won’t. It’s important to know English as it is a global language and helps when you go abroad, but the same respect should be given to native languages. They are the true way to a person’s heart.” says Elizabeth.(333) 41. Why did Elizabeth decide to learn Malayalam? A. To build a foundation for her career. B. To improve her relationship with Arjun. C. To better communicate with her mother. D. To satisfy her interest in foreign languages. 42. What difficulty did Elizabeth meet during her learning? A. Rejection from her husband. B. Failure to find a native partner. C. Lack of suitable learning resources. D. Inability to find a professional teacher. 43. What was Elizabeth’s Instagram. page used to do at first? A. Collect learning tips. B. Help her in self-study. C. Practice small drawings. D. Teach others Malayalam. 44. What is Elizabeth’s opinion on language learning? A. Using social media as the primary tool. B. Respecting our inner thinking at all times. C. Always putting the family’s common language first. D. Treating official languages and mother tongues equally. 45. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise Elizabeth’s Instagram page B. To discuss the difficulties of learning Malayalam C. To tell a story about how language learning strengthened family bonds D. To compare different methods of language learning 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述美国女子伊丽莎白为巩固与异国丈夫的感情、加强家庭联结而学习马拉雅拉姆语，克服资源短缺难题后通过社交平台分享学习内容，帮助数千人学习该语言的故事。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She wanted to learn his mother tongue to strengthen their family bond.(她想学习他的母语，以巩固他们的家庭联结。)”及第三段中的“So when my relationship with Arjun started looking serious because of difficulties in communicating, I decided to learn Malayalam.(所以当我和阿琼的关系因为沟通困难而变得严肃起来时，我决定学习马拉雅拉姆语。)”可知，伊丽莎白决定学习马拉雅拉姆语是为了改善与阿琼的关系。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, I found that there weren’t enough resources to learn the language. Most books available were outdated or made for children. A small amount of material was often too difficult for casual language learners like me.(然而，我发现没有足够的资源来学习这门语言。大多数可用的书籍都已过时或专为儿童设计。少量的学习材料对我这样的非正式语言学习者来说往往太难了。)”及“Later, I struggled to find a teacher suited to my needs and some grammar resources online.(后来，我很难找到一位适合我需求的老师，也难以在网上找到一些语法资源。)”可知，伊丽莎白在学习过程中遇到的困难是缺乏合适的学习资源。故选C项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For me, the best way to learn is by explaining it to someone else, so I made an Instagram page in 2018 to share my notes and small drawings.(对我来说，最好的学习方式是向别人讲解，所以我在2018年创建了一个Instagram账号，分享我的笔记和小画。)”可知，伊丽莎白的Instagram账号起初是用于辅助自己自学——通过分享内容来巩固学习。故选B项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It’s important to know English as it is a global language and helps when you go abroad, but the same respect should be given to native languages.(英语作为一门全球通用语言，掌握它很重要，出国时也能派上用场，但母语也应得到同样的尊重。)”可知，伊丽莎白认为应平等对待通用语言（如英语）和母语。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She wanted to learn his mother tongue to strengthen their family bond.(她想学习他的母语，以巩固他们的家庭联结。)”及全文围绕伊丽莎白学习丈夫母语、克服困难并帮助他人学习的故事展开可知，文章的主要目的是讲述一个关于语言学习如何巩固家庭联结的故事。故选C项。 C Giving blood regularly may not just be saving the lives of other people, it could also be improving your own blood’s health at a genetic level, according to a new study. A team of researchers compared samples from 217 men who had given blood more than 100 times in their lives, to samples from 212 men who had donated less than 10 times, to look for any variance in blood health. While the differences were subtle, the frequent donors’ blood was more likely to have beneficial mutations (突变) in a gene called DNMT3A．Other mutations in DNMT3A have been previously linked to blood cancer. “Our work is a fascinating example of how our genes interact with the environment as we age.” says stem cell biologist Dominique Bonnet, from The Francis Crick Institute in the UK. Specifically, the team looked at blood stem cells, which produce more blood cells on demand. As we get older, these mechanisms can start to break down, leading to problems with blood cancers such as leukemia (白血病). Blood loss triggers the production of the hormone erythropoietin (促红细胞生成素激素). In lab tests on blood stem cells treated with erythropoietin, the researchers found those with the DNMT3A mutation produced blood faster than those without the mutation. This suggests frequent blood loss leads to more production of the mutated blood cells. Research in mice shows the DNMT3A mutation results in healthier blood levels after the stress of blood loss. “Activities that put low levels of stress on blood cell production allow our blood stem cells to renew and we think this favors mutations that further promote stem cell growth rather than disease.” says Bonnet. However, there are limitations to consider. Blood donors are more likely to be healthier anyway (it’s a condition of giving blood), so figuring out any additional health benefit is tricky, because it might actually come from being in better shape to begin with. “Our sample size is quite modest, so we can’t say that blood donation definitely decreases the occurrence of pre-leukemic mutations.” says Bonnet. In the US, there’s such an urgent need for blood donors that someone needs blood or platelets (small fragments in blood) every two seconds. Having healthier blood is an added bonus. While waiting for more detailed studies to confirm these findings, the study tells us more about how blood cancers can get started in the first place. “We’re now aiming to work out how these different types of mutations play a role in developing leukemia or not, and whether they can be targeted therapeutically.” says stem cell biologist Hector Huerga Encabo, from the Francis Crick Institute. 46. What was the primary focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A. The genetic differences between frequent and occasional blood donors. B. The role of erythropoietin in blood cell production. C. The relationship between blood donation and leukemia. D. The therapeutic applications of DNMT3A mutations 47. According to the research, blood loss affects blood stem cells in that ______ . A. It triggers the production of cancerous cells in the DNMT3A gene B. It accelerates the growth of cells with beneficial DNMT3A mutations C. It benefits the overall health condition of the donors D. It weakens the regenerative capacity of blood stem cells 48. What can be inferred about the DNMT3A gene from the passage? A. Its activity is primarily regulated by environmental factors. B. Most mutations in DNMT3A are harmless and non-functional. C. The gene is only responsible for blood cancer development. D. Its beneficial mutations may enhance blood cell production efficiency. 49. What limitation does the study acknowledge? A. Donors’ genetic backgrounds were not fully accounted for. B. Donors’ pre-existing health conditions might influence results. C. Erythropoietin levels were not measured in the experiment. D. Mouse models cannot accurately reflect human genetic mechanisms. 50. Based on the passage, the research team’s next goal is ______ . A. to develop a new drug targeting DNMT3A mutations B. to conduct large-scale human trials of erythropoietin therapy C. to determine which DNMT3A mutations directly cause leukemia D. to analyze environmental factors influencing blood donation behavior 【答案】46. A 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，对比频繁和偶尔献血者的血液样本，发现频繁献血者血液在基因上有好处，但研究存在样本和献血者本身健康状况等局限。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A team of researchers compared samples from 217 men who had given blood more than 100 times in their lives, to samples from 212 men who had donated less than 10 times, to look for any variance in blood health. (一组研究人员将217名一生中献血超过100次的男性的样本与212名献血少于10次的男性的样本进行了比较，以寻找血液健康方面的任何差异)”可知，该研究的主要重点是频繁和偶尔献血者之间的基因差异。故选A项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Blood loss triggers the production of the hormone erythropoietin (促红细胞生成素激素). In lab tests on blood stem cells treated with erythropoietin, the researchers found those with the DNMT3A mutation produced blood faster than those without the mutation. This suggests frequent blood loss leads to more production of the mutated blood cells. (失血会触发促红细胞生成素激素的产生。在对用促红细胞生成素处理过的造血干细胞进行的实验室测试中，研究人员发现，带有DNMT3A突变的细胞比没有突变的细胞产生血液的速度更快。这表明频繁失血会导致更多突变血细胞的产生)”可知，失血会加速带有有益DNMT3A突变的细胞的生长。故选B项。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In lab tests on blood stem cells treated with erythropoietin, the researchers found those with the DNMT3A mutation produced blood faster than those without the mutation. (在对用促红细胞生成素处理过的造血干细胞进行的实验室测试中，研究人员发现，带有DNMT3A突变的细胞比没有突变的细胞产生血液的速度更快)”可知，带有DNMT3A突变的细胞比没有突变的细胞产生血液的速度更快，所以DNMT3A基因的有益突变可能会提高血细胞的生产效率。故选D项。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Blood donors are more likely to be healthier anyway (it’s a condition of giving blood), so figuring out any additional health benefit is tricky, because it might actually come from being in better shape to begin with. (无论如何，献血者更有可能更健康（这是献血的一个条件），所以要弄清楚任何额外的健康益处是很棘手的，因为这实际上可能一开始就来自于身体状况更好)”可知，研究承认献血者先前的健康状况可能会影响研究结果。故选B项。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We’re now aiming to work out how these different types of mutations play a role in developing leukemia or not, and whether they can be targeted therapeutically. (我们现在的目标是弄清楚这些不同类型的突变在白血病发展中是否起作用，以及是否可以对它们进行治疗)”可知，研究团队的下一个目标是确定哪些DNMT3A突变直接导致白血病。故选C项。 D “A lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” It’s a well-known saying. But a more accurate version would be: “A confidently told lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc. When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision. And as the modern world has shown us repeatedly, this regularly leads to undesirable outcomes. Why would this tendency come about? Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people. So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently declare “There’s a tiger coming”, instinctively (本能地) believing them was a valuable survival skill. Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is. We’ve all met someone who confidently lectures others on how the world works, despite being wrong about literally everything. It’s the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people with low ability/ experience/ knowledge about something often significantly overestimate their abilities/ expertise regarding it. This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence. We live in a highly interconnected, increasingly complex society, where countless people and worldviews end up overlapping (重叠) constantly. So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right. Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone. 51. What tendency is presented about humans in the first two paragraphs? A. Hating bad results much. B. Believing lies too easily. C. Trusting confident statements. D. Lacking decision-making skills. 52. What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Sensitive. B. Competitive. C. Ignorant. D. Social. 53. Why do some people fall into the Dunning-Kruger effect? A. They aren’t wise enough. B. They are hard to persuade. C. They aren’t questioned by experts. D. They are afraid of admitting mistakes. 54. In what tone is the last paragraph written? A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Enthusiastic. D. Concerned. 55. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the text? A. Confident people are always right. B. Confidence always leads to positive outcomes. C. Confidence can mislead people. D. Lies are easier to detect than truths. 【答案】51. C 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们更易相信自信表达的信息这一倾向，分析其源于人类进化中的生存需求，指出自信信息未必正确，并警示该倾向若不受控可能带来不良后果。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc.(因为从本质上讲，人类更容易接受和相信那些自信传递的信息——无论是来自自信的人，还是使用笃定语气的信息源等等)”以及第二段“When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision.(当两人或多人共同参与决策，且各自掌握的信息不同时，人们会认为表达自信的观点传递的信息更有价值，而这会直接决定最终决策)”可知，前两段提出的人类倾向是更容易相信以自信方式传递的信息。故选C。 【52题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people.(首先，人类是高度gregarious。在漫长的进化过程中，我们对世界的认知大多来自他人)”中划线词下文“人类对世界的认知大多来自他人”是对“gregarious”的解释，即依赖他人、需要与他人互动，由此可推断该词意为“群居的、社交的”。故选D。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence.(这是因为要认识到自己的智力局限性需要具备足够的智慧。如果没有这种智慧，你就不会质疑自己（有限的）的理解，所以你就能毫无顾忌地随口说出一些荒谬的言论了)”可知，邓宁-克鲁格效应的成因是认清自身认知局限需要足够的智力，而这类人缺乏这种智力，无法质疑自己的认知；由此可知，一些人陷入达克效应是因为他们不够聪明，无法认知自身缺陷。故选A。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone.(如果不加以控制，最终可能会出现这样一种情况：那些除了极度自信之外毫无其他能力的人被委以重任。而这样的结果对任何人来说都不会是好事)”可知，作者指出若不约束相信自信言论的倾向，可能导致无能力却极度自信的人掌权，并明确表示这对任何人都不是好事，语气中充满对该后果的担忧。故选D。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is.(自信地传递信息可能更有说服力，但这并不意味着它是正确的，即使自信的人真的相信它是正确的)”以及第六段“So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right.(所以，有些人即便在客观上、毫无疑问是错误的，但依然坚定不移地坚信自己是对的，最终却能够说服很多人相信他们也是正确的)”可知，自信传递的信息未必正确，甚至可能让他人相信错误的观点，即自信可能误导人。故选C。 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) Henry Ford, one of the few men that made mainstream automobiles a reality. He was born into a family of farmers who originated from England and Ireland. Not the wealthiest of families, but not poverty-stricken either. In his teenage years, his father had given him a timepiece which he later took to pieces just to see if he could piece it together again successfully, which he did. He then did the same with other people’s timepieces and eventually he repaired them too. Henry was also a sufferer of Dyslexia (阅读困难者), and although this was a hurdle it was not a reason to give up. He completed an apprenticeship (学徒期) with James F. Flower & Bros, and also with the Detroit Dry Dock Company. In 1891 he met with Thomas Edison, who liked his concept of an auto-mobile, so he allowed him to use his warehouses to manufacture two vehicles. Ford was grateful but later built his own company so he could build the cars on his own terms backed by William H. Murphy and in 1899 he founded the Detroit Automobile Company. This was short lived, however, as the vehicles produced lacked the quality and precision. And they were horribly expensive. The business went under, but it didn’t stop him. Ford went on to build the Cadillac Automobile company. After almost failing a second time because of lack of sales and high debts, more partners came into the business and the name was changed to the Ford Motor Company. The Ford Motor Company generated around 156 billion U.S. dollars in revenue (税收) in 2019. 56. Why did the author mention the timepiece? (no more than 10 words) 57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 3 words) 58. Who helped Henry Ford before he founded the Detroit Automobile Company? (no more than 6 words) 59. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 15 words) 60. What do you think of Henry Ford? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】56. To show that Ford was curious about mechanicals (everything). 57. Put it together. / Repair it. / Assemble it. 58. Thomas Edison and William H. Murphy. 59. Although Ford met some difficulties at the beginning, he didn’t give up. 60. He was full of curiosity. Because he took the timepiece that his father gave him to pieces to see if he could piece it together again successfully / He was determined and creative. Because the fall of the company didn't stop him. (Open) 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公亨利·福特，他少数几个把主流汽车变成现实的人之一。描述了他创建福特汽车公司的人生经历。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In his teenage years, his father had given him a timepiece which he later took to pieces just to see if he could piece it together again successfully, which he did. He then did the same with other people’s timepieces and eventually he repaired them too.(在他十几岁的时候，他的父亲给了他一个手表，后来他把它拆开，只是想看看能否成功地重新组装起来，他做到了。然后，他对其他人的钟表也做了同样的事情，最终他也把它们修好了)”可推知，作者提及手表是为了展示Ford对机器很感兴趣。故答案为To show that Ford was curious about mechanicals (everything). 【57题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“He then did the same with other people’s timepieces and eventually he repaired them too.(然后，他对其他人的钟表也做了同样的事情，最终他也把它们修好了)”可猜测，piece it together也是组装修理的意思。故答案为Put it together. / Repair it. / Assemble it. 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1891 he met with Thomas Edison, who liked his concept of an auto-mobile, so he allowed him to use his warehouses to manufacture two vehicles. Ford was grateful but later built his own company so he could build the cars on his own terms backed by William H. Murphy(1891年，他遇到了托马斯·爱迪生，爱迪生喜欢他的汽车概念，所以他允许爱迪生用他的仓库制造两辆汽车。福特对此很感激，但后来他建立了自己的公司，这样他就可以在威廉·h·墨菲的支持下，按照自己的条件生产汽车)”可知，在亨利·福特创立底特律汽车公司之前，Thomas Edison和William H. Murphy帮助过他。故答案为Thomas Edison and William H. Murphy. 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“This was short lived, however, as the vehicles produced lacked the quality and precision. And they were horribly expensive. The business went under, but it didn’t stop him. Ford went on to build the Cadillac Automobile company.(然而，这是短暂的，因为生产的车辆缺乏质量和精度。而且非常贵。生意破产了，但这并没有阻止他。福特接着建立了凯迪拉克汽车公司)”可知，第四段主要讲了福特遇到困难不放弃的故事。故答案为Although Ford met some difficulties at the beginning, he didn’t give up. 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In his teenage years, his father had given him a timepiece which he later took to pieces just to see if he could piece it together again successfully, which he did. He then did the same with other people’s timepieces and eventually he repaired them too.(在他十几岁的时候，他的父亲给了他一个手表，后来他把它拆开，只是想看看能否成功地重新组装起来，他做到了。然后，他对其他人的钟表也做了同样的事情，最终他也把它们修好了)”可推知，他充满了好奇。根据倒数第二段“The business went under, but it didn’t stop him.(生意破产了，但这并没有阻止他)”可推知，他是一个富有创造力且意志坚定的人。故答案为He was full of curiosity. / He was determined and creative. (Open) 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61. 高中生面临着学业压力，遇到了一些情绪波动或心理上的挑战，比如焦虑、不愿与人交往等现象。假设你是高中生李津，针对这种情况，你们班要举行一次班会。请你作为班长，写一篇发言稿。内容包括： 1. 健康的心理很重要。 2. 给同学们提些建议。（至少两点） Dear classmates, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear classmates, Currently, the majority of students are worried and unwilling to socialize with people due to the pressure from schoolwork. We should pay attention to the problems and find out some ways to deal with them. As is known to us all, it’s important to have a healthy mental state for students, which will enable us to study efficiently and live happily. When it comes to keeping a healthy mental state, I have some suggestions as follows. Firstly, we are supposed to have a correct self-image of ourselves, focusing on our strengths and embracing our weaknesses. In addition, we are expected to get along well with others, offering them a hand when they are in difficulty. Last but not least, we should have enjoyable hobbies and take part in colorful activities. As long as we put the suggestions into practice, we are bound to keep a healthy mental state! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以班长的身份针对高中生面临着学业压力，遇到一些情绪波动或心理上的挑战，比如焦虑、不愿与人交往等现象写一篇发言稿在班会课上发言。 【详解】1.词汇积累 担忧的：worried → concerned 建议：suggestion → advice 此外：in addition → what’s more 参加：take part in → participate in 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As is known to us all, it’s important to have a healthy mental state for students, which will enable us to study efficiently and live happily. 拓展句：It is known to us all that it’s important to have a healthy mental state for students, which will enable us to study efficiently and live happily. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, we are supposed to have a correct self-image of ourselves, focusing on our strengths and embracing our weaknesses.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】As long as we put the suggestions into practice, we are bound to keep a healthy mental state!（运用了as long as引导的条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $