Unit6 课时6 Grammar in Use（课件）【趣味课堂】英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

该初中英语课件聚焦后缀-ness（形容词变名词）及形容词比较级、最高级，通过金星与水星特征选择题（如“Venus is famous for its brightness”）导入，搭建从形容词到名词转化及比较级运用的学习支架，衔接前后知识脉络。 其亮点在于情境化与分层设计，以太空探索为主题贯穿。语言能力上，结合“fitness of body and mind”等短语及“the larger, the brighter”句型练习，提升真实语境运用能力。思维品质上，用比较级变化口诀（如“一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写”）和行星特征对比活动，培养归纳分析能力。学习能力上，分层作业（基础造句、提高短文《我最喜欢的行星》、拓展城市比较写作）适配不同水平，助力学生精准掌握语法，教师高效开展差异化教学。

Exploring Lesson 6 Grammar in Use The suffix -ness & Comparative and superlative adjectives Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 目录 CONTENTS Lead in 01 The suffix -ness 02 Comparative and superlative adjectives 03 Practice 04 Language points 05 Exercise&Homework 06 Lesson Objectives: In this lesson, we will be able to: 1. Grasp the usage of suffix -ness (form nouns from adjectives); master rules of comparative & superlative adjectives. 2. Use -ness nouns and comparative/superlative adjectives in exercises, dialogues and scenarios accurately. 3. Create a short passage about planet features with -ness nouns and comparative/superlative adjectives; realize grammar’s role in clear expression. 3 Lead in Read and choose. Venus is brighter than Mercury; its hotness is higher than most planets. Venus is famous for its ________ (A.bright B.brightness). Venus is ________ (A.hotter B.hottest) than Earth. The hotness of Venus is the ________ (A.high B.highest) in the solar system. B A B Today we’ll learn how to use -ness to talk about features, and how to compare things with comparative/superlative adjectives! the suffix -ness后缀-ness Comparative and superlative adjectives 形容词的比较级和最高级 Activity 1 Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold. Carefulness and responsiblity play an important role in scientific exploration. Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to love and work in space. The brightess of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter. careful (形容词) + -ness → carefulness n.细心 fit (形容词) + -ness → fitness n.健康 bright (形容词) + -ness → brightness n.亮度 fitness of body and mind 身心健康 of key importance 至关重要的 be related to 与.....有关 Language points Activity 1 1. Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration. 认真和责任心在科学探索上起着很重要的作用。 play a role in “在······中起作用”；后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式， 其中role 可用part替换。 e.g. Doing more exercise can play a role in our health. 多做运动会对我们的健康起作用。 注意：在a/an和part/role之间可以加形容词，意为“在······中起······作用”。 e.g. play an active part/role in 积极参加；发挥积极作用 play an important part/role in 在……方面起着重要的作用 【即时练习】Parents play a role in ________ their children. A. teach B. teaches C. to teach D. teaching D Language points Activity 1 2. Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to live and work in space. 对于科学家们来说，身心健康在他们的太空生活和 工作中至关重要。 of key importance “至关重要的”，相当于very important。 e.g. The ways to learn English are of key importance. = The ways to learn English are _____ _________学英语的方法是很重要的。 拓展：“of＋名词”结构相当于形容词。 of value = valuable 有价值的 of importance = important 重要的 of help = helpful 有帮助的 of use = useful 有用的 e.g. This question is of importance. = This question is ____________. 这个问题很重要。 very important important Language points Activity 1 3. The brightness of a star is related to its size. 一颗星星的亮度和它的大小有关。 related adj. “相关的；有联系的”。be related to 为“与······有关”。 e.g. Your pay is related to your work. 你的工资和你的工作量有关。 【即时练习】 Dogs and wolves ________ each other because they come from the same family of animals. A.are related to B. are angry with C. are famous for D. are interested in A Language points Activity 1 4. The larger, the brighter. 越大度亮 “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越······越······”。 e.g. The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 The earlier you sleep, the healthier you are. 睡得越早身体越健康。 【即时练习】 Teachers ask us to remember that ______ careful we are, ______ mistakes we will make. A. the more; the fewer B. the fewer; the more C. the more; the more D. the less; the fewer A The suffix -ness grammar 名词后缀（-ness） 后缀是一种重要的构词法，而且通常也可以通过后缀来判断一个词的词性。本单元主要学习了-ness的名词后缀。 词缀 英文 中文 -ness blindness 失明 carelessness 粗心大意 darkness 黑暗 happiness 快乐 illness (身体或精神上的)疾病，病 kindness 仁慈；善良 sadness 悲哀；悲伤 sickness 疾病；呕吐 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. Activity 2 business weakness happiness darkness 1. The high cost is a big _____________ in space exploration. 2. The development of the space industry will bring more _____________ and create more jobs in different areas. 3. So many stars shine in the _____________. What a beautiful night. 4. Nature can fill our lives with real joy, peace and __________. weakness business darkness happiness the high cost 高花费 in the darkness 在黑夜 fill...with... 用....填满.... Language points Activity 2 5. The high cost is a big weakness in space exploration. 高花费是太空探索的一个巨大的弱点。 the high cost “成本高”，其反义短语为the low cost，意为“成本低”。 此时 cost 在这里作名词，意为“费用；成本”。 e.g. The cost in city is high. 城市生活的成本很高。 拓展：the cost of …的成本/代价 at all cost/costs 不惜任何代价 at a cost of sth. 以……的价格；以……为代价 cut/reduce costs 降低成本 at any cost 在任何情况下；无论如何 e.g. The cost of building a wooden house is low. 建一个木屋成本较低。 【即时练习】—Mum, the camera looks so cool and you can buy me one. —Your dad doesn’t ________ buying one because it ________ too much. A. advise; spends B. advise; pays C. suggest; spends D. suggest; costs D Language points Activity 2 6. Nature can fill our lives with real joy,peace and happiness. 大自然能为生活带来真正的快乐、安宁与幸福。 fill v. “(使)充满, 装满, 注满,填满”。 fill...with... “用······装满······”。 e.g. —What you did filled my life with great joy. 你所做的让我的生命充满了快乐。 —It's my pleasure. 我的荣幸。 —Please fill the cup with water. 请往杯子装满水。 —OK. 好的。 拓展：be filled with “充满······；装满······”，一般可与be full of互换。 e.g. The cup is filled with water. = The cup is full of water. 这个杯子装满了水。 【即时练习】The schoolbag is filled ________ books. So it is very heavy. A. with B. of C. in D. on A Complete the text with the words in the box. Activity 3 coldness closeness brightness smallness Venus and Mercury are two of the closest planets to the Sun. Because of its __________ to the Sun and its ___________ in size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its ____________ and it's beautiful. People can see it at night on Earth. Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to -173℃ at night. Its ___________ is due to its thin air. closeness smallness brightness coldness drop down to 下降到 due to 因为;由于 on the other hand 另一方面 Activity 3 Read again and choose the best answer. 1. Why is Mercury difficult to see from Earth? ( ) A. Because it is too bright B. Because it is too far from the Sun C. Because it is very close to the Sun and small in size D. Because it is always hidden by Venus 2. Why can Venus be seen at night from Earth? ( ) A. Because it is very close to Earth B. Because it is very bright C. Because it is very cold D. Because it is far from the Sun C B Activity 3 Read again and choose the best answer. 3. What is the reason for Mercury's extremely low temperature at night? ( ) A. Because it receives no sunlight B. Because it is far from the Sun C. Because it has a very thin atmosphere D. Because it has ice on its surface 4. What does the phrase "on the other hand" mean in the text? ( ) A. In contrast / However B. Therefore C. Even so D. At the same time C A Language points Activity 3 7. Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to -173℃ at night. 金星是最热的星球，而夜间水星表面 的温度能降到零下173摄氏度。 drop down to “下降到······”。drop在这里作动词，意为“（使）降低，减少，变弱”。 e.g. The temperature in Hunan dropped down to -8℃ today. 今天湖南的气温降低到了零下8℃。 链接：drop还可作可数名词，意为“滴；水珠”。 e.g. The first drops of rain fell. 最初的几滴雨落了下来。 【即时练习】气温将会下降到零度以下，水会变成冰。（完成译句） The temperature will ______ below zero degree, and water will turn into ice. drop Language points Activity 3 8. Its coldness is due to its thin air. 它的寒冷是由于空气稀薄。 due to 意为“由于；因为”。 e.g. The delay to the flight was due to the ice on the run way. 飞机的延误原因是跑道上有冰。 链接：because of 也意为“因为；由于”。because of 后接名词、代词或 动词-ing形式，还可接what引导的宾语从句。 e.g. Lulu is late because of the heavy rain. 露露因为大雨而迟到。 【即时练习】因为坏天气，他们不得不推迟这个活动。（完成译句） They had to put off the meeting ______ ______ the bad weather. due to Activity 1 Pair work. Read the conversation. Pay attention to the words in bold. What are the differences between Mercury and Earth? Mercury is smaller than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth. Yes, I know that! It is the closest planet to the Sun. Yes, so it’s also much hotter than Earth. 形容词的比较级 + than the + 形容词的最高级 the differences between...and... ....和....的区别 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 形容词的比较级和最高级 1．形容词的基本概念 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态的词，常用来修饰名词或代词。 2．形容词的原级、比较级和最高级 1）概念 （1）原级：即形容词的原形。 （2）比较级：两个事物（两类事物或事物的两个方面）进行比较时， 用比较级，意为“较······”或“更······一些”。 （3）最高级：三个或三个以上的事物进行比较时，用最高级， 意为“最······”。 e.g. This room is bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大。 The rabbit is the smallest of them. 这只兔子是它们中最小的。 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1）规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和少数 双音节词 一般直接加-er或-est high 高的 higher highest great 巨大的 greater greatest near 附近的 nearer nearest tall 高的 taller tallest 以不发音 字母e结尾的词， 加-r或-st late 晚的 later latest nice 好的 nicer nicest large 大的 larger largest grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1）规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级     单音节词 和少数 双音节词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y变i， 再加-er 或-est easy 容易的 easier easiest heavy 重的 heavier heaviest busy 忙的 busier busiest angry 生气的 angrier angriest grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1）规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级     单音节词 和少数 双音节词 重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写结尾的辅音字母再加 -er或-est hot热的 hotter hottest red红色的 redder reddest thin瘦的 thinner thinnest big大的 bigger biggest fat胖的 fatter fattest wet湿的 wetter wettest grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1）规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级   多音节 和部分 双音节词      在词前加 more或most beautiful 漂亮的 more beautiful most beautiful serious 严重的 more serious most serious interesting 有趣的 more interesting most interesting important 重要的 more important most important grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1）规则变化 口诀：比较级要变化， 一般词尾加-er; 词尾若有哑音e, 直接加-r就可以； 一辅重读闭音节， 辅音字母要双写； 辅音字母后加-y, 需要把-y改为-i; 最高级加-est, 前面加the莫忘记； 形容词若是多音节，只把more和most前面写。 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 many/much多的 more most good/well好的 better best bad/ill坏的 worse worst far远的 farther（较远） further（进一步） farthest（最远） furthest（最大程度） old老的 older（年纪较大的） elder（较年长的） oldest（年纪最大的） eldest（最年长的） little小的 less least grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 2）不规则变化 口诀：合二为一有两对，“两多”与“两好”; 一分为二有两个， 一个“远”来一个“老”; 还有一个双含义， 只记“少”来别记“小”; bad不是最差的， worse和worst才叫糟。 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 3）几种特殊情况 （1）部分形容词有两种比较级和最高级形式： 原级 比较级 最高级 bitter 苦的 bitterer more bitter bitterest   most bitter clever 聪明的 cleverer more clever cleverest most clever lovely 可爱的 lovelier more lovely loveliest most lovely grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 3）几种特殊情况 (2)英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，这些形容词都没有比较级和最高级。常见的有： right正确的 wrong错误的 excellent最好的 finally最后的 last最后的 possible可能的 first最重要的 favorite最喜欢的 impossible不可能的 wooden木制的 east东方的 empty空的 golden金色的 circle圆的 square方的 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 3．形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 3）几种特殊情况 （3）“较不”和“最不”的表达：在形容词前分别加上less和least。常见的有： 原级 较不 最不 difficult困难的 less difficult较不困难的 least difficult最不困难的 hard-working 勤奋的 less hard-working 较不勤奋的 least hard-working 最不勤奋的 shy腼腆的 less shy较不腼腆的 least shy最不腼腆的 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 4．形容词比较级和最高级的修饰语 1）比较级的修饰语 much······得多 even 甚至 still 更 any任何 far更 by far 大大地 rather 相当 a lot很 a great deal 大大地 a little 有点 a bit 有点 倍数、分数、百分数 e.g. Mumu is much more outgoing than Bingbing. 牧牧比冰冰外向得多。 We felt we might finish third. Any better would be a bonus. 我们觉得我们可能得第三名。任何更好的结果都是意外收获。 She is a little taller than you. 她比你高一点点。 练习：This movie is ______ interesting than that one. I like it more. A. more B. much C. very A grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 4．形容词比较级和最高级的修饰语 2）最高级的修饰语 much 非常 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎 by far 大大地 far and away 大大地 one of the... ······中最······ of the three 三者中最······ the＋序数词 第······最······ e.g. This is by far the best book that I've ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。 Lili is the oldest girl of the three. 丽丽在三个女孩中是最大的。 The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 5．形容词比较级的替代 比较的对象相同时，可用that或those 替代第二次出现的比较对象。 e.g. The winter in Chongqing is colder than that in Yunnan. 重庆的冬天比云南的冬天冷。 The books on this shelf are more expensive than those on that shelf. 这个书架上的书比那个书架上的贵。 练习：The population of China is much ________ of America. A. more than that B. larger than that C. larger than D. more than B Comparative and Superlative Adjectives add -er/-est bright - _____________________________ add -r/-st large - ______________________________ change -y into -i, add -er/-est dry - _______________________________ double the last consonant and add -er/-est hot - _______________________________ add more/the most Wonderful -___________________________ irregular form Far - _________________________________ brighter brightest larger largest dried driest hotter hottest more wonderful most wonderful farther/further farthest/furthest Activity 2 Complete the table and learn how to use comparative and superlative adjectives. Practice Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following words. 原级 比较级 最高级 1. short _____________ ______________ 2. wise _____________ ______________ 3. happy _____________ ______________ 4. big _____________ ______________ 5. interesting _____________ ______________ 6. bad _____________ ______________ shorter shortest wiser wisest happier happiest bigger biggest more interesting the most interesting worse worst grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 1）比较级的用法 （1）基本用法 “比较级＋than”，双方比较，表示一方超过一方。 e.g. He is taller than you. 他比你高。 （2）特殊用法 ① “比较级＋and＋比较级”，意为“越来越······”，这一结构表示 事物本身程度的逐渐变化。 注意：如果为多音节形容词（以及部分双音节形容词），要用 “more and more＋形容词原级”。 e.g. It is getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了。 The story is becoming ___________________________. 故事越来越有意思了(interesting)。 more and more interesting grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 1）比较级的用法 （2）特殊用法 ② “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越······越······”，表示 一方的程度随着另一方程度的变化而变化。 e.g. The _______ careful we are, the _______ mistakes we will make. 我们越细心，犯的错误就越少。 ③ A+⋯⋯+the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数”, 意为“两者中较······”。 e.g. Lili is the taller of the two girls. 丽丽是这两个女孩中较高的那个。 ④ A+⋯+基数词+times+比较级+than+B′′，表示“A比B（大／小／多／ 少······)······倍”。 e.g. My box is three times bigger than yours. 我的盒子比你的盒子大三倍。 more fewer grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 1）比较级的用法 （2）特殊用法 ⑤ “Which/Who+...＋比较级，A or B？”意为“A和B哪一个/谁更····？”。 注意： 给出具体范围的选择，指物用which，指人用who。 e.g. ______ is more beautiful, Lili or Yanyan? 丽丽和妍妍谁更漂亮？ ⑥ 比较级的单独使用：比较级单独使用时，其比较对象暗含于句中。 e.g. Are you feeling better today？你今天感觉好些了吗？ Be more careful next time. 下次更小心一些。 My mother hoped to get a _________ job. 我妈妈希望得到一份更好的工作。 Who better grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 1）比较级的用法 （2）特殊用法 ⑦ A.“no＋比较级＋than”，意为“和······一样不······”，表示对两者 的否定，与“neither...nor...”或“as＋相反意义的形容词或副词＋as”相似。 e.g Li Jun is no taller than his brother. = Neither Li Jun nor his brother is tall. = Li Jun is as _______ as his brother. 李军和他哥哥都不高（或一样矮）。 B.“not＋比较级＋than”，意为“并不比······更······”。 注意：not只否定前者，表示前者不如后者。 e.g. Li Jun is not taller than his brother. 李军没有他哥哥高。 short grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 注意：使用比较级的常见错误 ① more不可修饰比较级，但much可以，意为“······得多，更······”。 (判断正误) e.g. He is much better this year. 今年他好得多。（ ） He is more better this year. 今年他好得多。（ ） ② 两者进行比较时，比较的对象要一致，相比较的两者必须是同一类。 (判断正误) e.g. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Chongqing. 北京的天气比重庆的天气冷。 （ ） The weather in Beijing is colder than in Chongqing. 北京的天气比重庆的天气冷。（ ） （错误的原因是将北京的天气与重庆这个城市进行对比） grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 注意：使用比较级的常见错误 ③ 形容词比较级要避免与自身进行比较。要用 “比较级＋than any other＋单数名词”或 “比较级＋than+anyone/anybody/anything+else＂来表示 “比其他的任何······都······”。 e.g. Wang Junfeng is taller than any other ___________ in the class. 王俊峰比班上的其他任何同学都高。 Lili studies harder than anyone _________ in her class. 丽丽比班上其他任何人都学习刻苦。 student else grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 2）最高级的用法 （1）基本用法 ① “the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”，意为 “······中最······的”。比较范围常用of、in、among引导的短语表达。 注意：如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in； 如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。 e.g. China is the largest country _______ Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。 China is the largest one _______ all the Asian countries. 中国是亚洲所有国家中最大的。 She is the eldest among them. 她是她们当中年纪最大的。 ② “Which/Who+...+the＋形容词最高级，A, B or C？”，用来询问 在三者或三者以上的人或物中“哪一个最······？”。 e.g. Which do you like best, math, English or Chinese? 你最喜欢什么，数学、英语还是语文？ in of grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 2）最高级的用法 （2）特殊用法 ① "one of+the+最高级+名词复数", 意为“最······的······之一”。 e.g. Shanghai is ______________________ in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 ② “the＋序数词＋最高级”，意为“第······最······”。 e.g. The Yellow River is ___________________ river in China. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。 ③ 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰， 但此时不能加定冠词the。 e.g. She is _______ best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。 one of the biggest cities the second longest my grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 2）最高级的用法 （2）特殊用法 ④ “否定词＋比较级”可表达最高级含义。 e.g. I have never read a more interesting story. = This story is ___________ interesting that I have ever read. 我从未读过比这更有趣的故事。 ⑤ "比较级 + than + any other +名词单数" = "比较级+than+the other+名词复数", 意为“比其它······都······”，可表达最高级含义。 e.g. China is bigger than any other __________ in Asia. = China is bigger than the other ___________ in Asia. = China is the biggest country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 ⑥ 在一定的上下文中，形容词最高级后的名词（所谓的中心词）可省去。 e.g. He is the tallest in the class. 他是班上最高的（学生）。 country countries the most grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 3）常见的比较级之间的转换 （1）原级与比较级转换的常见结构。 ① not+so/as+单音节形容词+as = 单音节形容词的反义词比较级＋than e.g. Kangkang is not so/as heavy as his brother. = Kankang is _________ than his brother. 康康比他哥哥轻。 ② not+so/as+多音节形容词+as = 1ess+多音节形容词原级＋than e.g. Kangkang is not so/as careful as his brother. = Kangkang is ______ careful ______ his brother. 康康不如他哥哥细心。 lighter less than grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives 6．形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 （2）比较级之间的转换：常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词的反义词。 e.g. Kankang is heavier than Xiaohui. = Xiaohui is lighter than Kangkang. 康康比晓辉重。 （3）比较级与最高级转换的常见结构。 ① 比较级＋than+any other + 单数名词 e.g. Lili is cleverer than any other student in the class. = Lili is the cleverest student in the class. 丽丽比班上任何一位学生都聪明。 ② 比较级＋than+the other＋复数名词 e.g. Wang Junfeng is older than the other boys in his class. = WangJunfeng is the oldest boy in his class. ③ 比较级＋than+anyone/anybody／anything+else e.g. Xiao Ya is taller than anyone else in her class. = Xiao Ya is the tallest in her class. 肖雅是班上最高的。 闯关练习 1. _____ a planet is to the Sun, _____ its surface temperature usually is. A. The close; the high B. The closer; the higher C. The near; the hot D. The nearer; the hotter 2. Among all the planets in our solar system, Mercury is _____ to the Sun. A. close B. closer C. closest D. the closest 3. The Earth is _____ the Sun. That’s why the Sun looks so big in the sky. A. much bigger than B. much smaller than C. the same size as D. a little bigger than 4. The Sun is ____ star in our solar system. All the planets move around it. A. a very bright B. brighter than C. the largest D. as bright as 5. Mary’s hair is longer than ______ in her class. A. any other student B. the other students C. any other student’s D. the other student’s B D B C C the other students’ Activity 3 Read the text and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words. The Death Valley is known as the _________ (hot) place on the earth and the _________ (dry) place in North American. In 1913, the _________ (high) air temperature of 134◦F (56.7 ℃) reached a record here. In summer, the average rainfall in the Death Valley is _________ (little) than 5cm. But winter and spring are _________ (wet) and the weather is more comfortable. Higher places are _________ (cool) than the lower areas in the valley. hotter driest highest less wetter cooler be known as 作为....而闻名 Language points Activity 3 9. The Death Valley is known as the hottest place on the earth and the driest place in North America. 死亡谷以地球上最热和北美最干燥的地方而闻名。 death n. “死；死亡”。 e.g. We are sorry for his death. 我们因他的死感到抱歉。 辨析：dead, die, death 和 dying 单词 词性 意思 用法 dead 形容词 死的 可在句中作定语或表语，表状态。 die 动词   死；死亡 可在句中作谓语，为非延续性动词，不能与表示 一段时间的状语连用，过去式和过去分间均为died，现在分词为dying。 death 名词 死；死亡 可在句中作主语或宾语。 dying 形容词 垂死的 可在句中作定语或表语。 Language points Activity 3 9. The Death Valley is known as the hottest place on the earth and the driest place in North America. 死亡谷以地球上最热和北美最干燥的地方而闻名。 辨析：dead, die, death 和 dying e.g. Now, the fish is dead. 现在这条鱼死了。 He died two years ago. 他两年前死了。 The death of my dog made me sad. 我狗狗的死让我伤心。 Look at the flowers. They are dying. 看看这些花儿，它们快要死了。 【即时练习】 —Why does your sister look sad? —Because her cat ________ yesterday. The cat’s ________ makes her sad. A.died; death B. died; dead C. dead; died D. death; died A Language points Activity 3 10. In 1913, the highest air temperature of 134°F (56.7℃) reached a record here. 在1913年，死亡谷创下了134华氏度（56.7摄氏度）的最高温度的纪录。 reach a record “达到了纪录”。record在这里作可数名词，意为“纪录；记录；记载”。 e.g. She holds the world record for the 100 meters. 她保持着100米的世界纪录。 拓展：record还可作动词，意为“记录；记载”。 record sth. 记录某事 It is recorded that... 据记载…… e.g. You should record all your expenses during your trip. 你应该记下一路上的所有开支。 【即时练习】我建立了一个社交媒体账户来记录我的进步。(完成译句) I set up a social media account to __________ my progress. record Exercises I. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The _____________ of the sun makes it easy for us to see things clearly during the day. 2. His _____________ led to many mistakes in the experiment. 3. The rapid _____________ of space technology helps humans explore the universe better. 4. She had to stay at home because of a sudden _____________. 5. The result of the research is closely _____________ to our daily life. brightness carelessness development illness related brightness carelessness development illness related 53 Exercises II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. This book is _________________ (interesting) than the one I read last month. 2. She is one of the _____________ (kind) people I have ever met. 3. The _____________ (hot) of the desert makes it hard for plants to grow. 4. He works _____________ (hard) than any other student in his class. 5. It’s important to pay attention to the _____________ (safe) of ourselves when traveling. more interesting kindest hotness harder safety 54 Exercises III. 完成译句 (每空一词)。 1. 水星是太阳系中离太阳最近的行星。 Mercury is ________ ________ planet to the Sun in the solar system. 2. 他的成功归功于他的勤奋和细心。 His success is ________ ________ his hard work and carefulness. 3. 这座城市的空气质量比以前好多了。 The air quality in this city is ________ ________ than before. 4. 越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 ______ ________ you work, ______ ________ progress you will make. 5. 健康的身心对每个人都至关重要。 ________ of body and mind is _____ ______ importance to everyone. the closest due to much better The harder the more Fitness of key 55 Summary We learn: 1. Key words: responsibility, exploration, death, etc.; -ness nouns (brightness); comparative/superlative adjectives. 2. Grammar: -ness (adjective → noun); rules of comparative & superlative adjectives. We can: Use -ness nouns to describe qualities; use comparative/superlative to compare things; write about planet features. 56 Homework 1. 基础层：完成课本上所有Activity的练习。用今天学的5个生词 造句。 2. 提高层：写一段3句话的短文《我最喜欢的行星》（包含1个 -ness名词和1个比较级/最高级）。 3. 拓展层：写一段80词左右的短文，比较你的家乡和你所知道 的一个其他城市（或你的两所学校），至少使用3组比较级或 最高级。 57 3 Thank you! 58 $