专题09 词义猜测题的“语境”与“逻辑”双杀法（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列.

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考阅读理解高频考点词义猜测题，覆盖词义/短语猜测、句意理解推断、代词指代定位三大核心考向，按考情精析、重难考点深解、解题思维优化的逻辑架构，通过梳理语境线索（定义、举例）、逻辑关系（因果、转折）及构词法等考点，结合典例精讲与变式巩固，帮助学生建立“语境+逻辑”双维解题框架。 讲义创新采用“双管齐下”策略，如分析2025年全国一卷“staggering”时，先引导学生通过上下文因果逻辑推断，再结合构词法验证，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置分层变式练习，从基础理解到能力提升，确保学生高效突破语境线索敏感度不足等瓶颈，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题09 词义猜测题的“语境”与“逻辑”双杀法 目录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】词义/短语猜测 【考点02】句意理解推断 【考点03】代词指代定位 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】猜测词义/短语猜测题：上下文线索+构词法双管齐下 【题型02】句意猜测题：抓逻辑关系，还原作者意图 【题型03】代词指代题：就近原则+语义一致，一招锁定 核心考向聚焦 核心价值： 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：本专题重点考查在不依赖词典的情况下，通过上下文线索、逻辑关系和构词法知识推断生词、短语及句子含义的能力。这类题型占阅读理解总分值的15%-20%，是高考英语的高频考点，也是考生突破高分的关键环节。 培优瓶颈： 1. 考生对语境线索（如定义、举例、同义/反义关系）敏感度不足； 2. 难以识别复杂句中的逻辑关系（如因果、转折、递进）； 3. 构词法知识（前缀、后缀、合成词）掌握不系统，无法有效拆解生词； 4. 对代词指代的“就近原则”和“语义一致原则”理解不到位，易混淆指代对象。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年高考将继续注重考查考生在真实语境中理解生词的能力，命题素材将更贴近生活实际，涉及社会热点、科技发展、文化交流等主题；词义猜测题的干扰项设置将更具迷惑性，需考生通过“语境+逻辑”双重验证排除干扰 策略：1. 系统梳理语境线索类型（定义、举例、对比、因果等），强化对信号词的敏感度； 2. 专项训练逻辑关系分析，重点突破“转折关系”和“因果关系”中的词义推断； 3. 归纳高频词根词缀，掌握“前缀改变词义、后缀改变词性”的规律。 ◇考点 01 词义/短语猜测 1. 题型解读 1. 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。要求考生根据上下文语境、逻辑关系或构词法知识，推断文中生词、熟词生义或特定短语的含义。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。这类题目不仅考查考生的语言知识储备，更考查其在具体语境中灵活运用语言的能力。常见的考查形式包括：生词含义推断、熟词生义推断、短语含义推断等。 2. 该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。 2. 设问方式 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷，代词型) 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? （2024新课标I卷，短语型） 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? （2024新课标II卷，短语型） 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? （2024全国甲卷，短语型） 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?（2024浙江1月卷，代词型） 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型） 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型） 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型） 3.解题技巧 方法1：关注词的功能。授课过程中引导学生关注构词法、词的情感色彩、同义词、反义词、上下义词。 方法2：关注语篇中的解释功能。引导学生总结解释的几种方式：下定义、定语（从句）、同位语（从句）、举例子、标点符号等。 方法3：关注逻辑关系。引导学生总结几种常见的逻辑关系：因果、转折、并列、递进等。 结合生活常识和文化背景 方法4：结合生活常识和文化背景。 生活常识：在猜测词义时，利用自己已有的生活经验和常识。 文化背景：对于一些具有文化特色的词汇，要考虑相关的文化背景知识。 ◇考点 02 句意理解推断 1.题型解读 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 3. 解题技巧 方法 具体操作 意义吻合法 找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。理解需要推理的句意，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结 [专题09 md]。 归纳总结法 找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项，一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思 [专题09 md]。 逻辑关系分析法 重点关注句子前后的逻辑连接词（如however, therefore, in contrast等），通过这些信号词判断句子与上下文的因果、转折、递进等关系，从而准确理解句意。 3.思维导图 ◇考点 03 代词指代定位 1.题型解读 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 2.设问方式 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷) 24. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? (2024浙江1月卷) 3.思维导图 ◇题型 01 猜测词义/短语猜测题：上下文线索+构词法双管齐下 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025年全国一卷B篇节选） ... As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health - related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal - narrative unit followed by a creative - writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 26. B 词义猜测题。由第三段末句"turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart"可知，学生提交的长篇故事质量极高且情感动人，故“staggering“在此处意为“惊人的”(amazing)，故选B项。 典例2（2025年浙江卷1月C篇节选）)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly(模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. ... 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 28. B词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”以及最后一句中的to garden more like nature does可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。 方｜法｜提｜练 利用语法关系猜词义 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1【湖南省部分学校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月节选】On a cold Colorado morning, Tera and her pet dog, Odin, waited inside the Sister Mary Alice Murphy Center for Hope. They were here to see veterinarian (兽医) Dr. Jon Geller,who provides free veterinary care through the Street Dog Coalition, a nonprofit serving pets of homeless individuals. In a make shift exam room, Geller checked Odin’s ears, heart, teeth and belly. The 11-month-old puppy received vaccinations for rabies(狂犬病), parvovirus and distemper, along with a deworming pill. ... Despite criticism about homeless individuals caring for animals, Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves and forfeit access to shelters and transportation. The most common breeds of street dogs are pit bulls and Chihuahuas. Pit bulls are often seen as outcasts, while Chihuahuas are known for being very loyal. The Street Dog Coalition, initially self-funded, now holds nonprofit status and relies on volunteers, including Colorado State University vet students, and donations. Services focus on “street medicine” — preventive care like vaccines and parasite treatment. The organization has expanded to six states, with plans to reach more high-need cities. 27．Which can explain the underlined word “forfeit” in paragraph 5? A．Remember. B．Find. C．Lose. D．Consult. 27．词义猜测题。根据上文的内容“Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves(盖勒强调了他们的牺牲：许多人优先考虑喂养宠物而不是自己)”可知，无家可归者为照顾宠物而牺牲自身利益，所以，这些无家可归者肯定是“失去”下文提到的资源“access to shelters and transportation”。所以划线单词forfeit的意义为“失去”。故选C项。 变式2【2026届陕西省西安市新城区高三上学期二模节选】Over 30% of food produced in the United States goes to waste, contributing significantly to CO2 emissions and costing the economy billions annually. As the third-largest contributor to foodservice-related food waste, hotels are increasingly taking action. Hilton, a global hotel leader, is applying lessons learned in Europe and Africa to reduce food waste across its operations. “We know hospitality accounts for about 3% of global food waste. Therefore, reducing waste is not only good for the planet, but it also supports business goals and attracts guests and employees who value sustainability.” said Emma Banks, Hilton’s vice president of food and drink strategy. Banks is instrumental in driving Hilton’s food sustainability agenda, overseeing food and drink operations across more than 70 countries... 8．What does the underlined word “instrumental” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Sensitive. B．Permanent. C．Negative. D．Crucial. 8．词句猜测题。根据第二段中画线单词所在句“Banks is instrumental in driving Hilton’s food sustainability agenda, overseeing food and drink operations across more than 70 countries. (班克斯在推动希尔顿食品可持续发展议程中_____，负责监督70多个国家的餐饮运营。)”可知，班克斯负责推动希尔顿的食品可持续发展议程，并监督其在70多个国家的运营，这表明她的角色对于该议程的实现是“至关重要的”。故选D。 变式3【山东省名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期12月】At an altitude over 4,500 meters in Burang County, Ngari Prefecture, Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region, lies Mapam Yumco Lake. For over a decade, 42-year-old Dradul has dedicated himself to protecting the wetland around this precious lake as an ecosystem guardian. Before becoming a guardian, he struggled with temporary jobs and hoped for a steady salary. Now, he earns a stable monthly income of 2,000 yuan and comes to feel a deep sense of purpose. “Protecting this lake makes me proud. It’s not just work — it’s about preserving it for future generations,” he said. Dradul’s workday begins early. He patrols (巡查) a fixed 10-kilometer route by motorcycle, with duties including observing the reserve, recording data, and addressing ecological threats. Last February, he and his team rescued a wing-broken eagle, sending it to a rescue center until it recovered. This July, they spent 20 minutes pulling a trapped wild out of a mudflat with ropes. Educating visitors is another core task. Dradul reminds tourists not to litter, drive on delicate grasslands, or leave waste. “In the past, the wetland was full of garbage and had fewer wild animals,” Dradul recalled. Today, the wetland is home to 411 plant species and 157 wildlife species — a remarkable level of biodiversity for such a high-altitude area. Yet, the work is far from easy. Climate change is a major threat: melting ice and shifting rainfall patterns cause shoreline changes and grassland degradation. Human activities also continue — some visitors still litter, bathe, or wash cars in the lake. With nearly 99,000 hectares (公顷) of wetland and only 90 guardians, remote areas can’t be patrolled daily. Despite these difficulties, Dradul remains hopeful. He dreams of Mapam Yumco Lake staying pure forever. “This responsibility, though built on small daily efforts, must be passed down. With sincerity and commitment, even the simplest actions can safeguard the lake’s beauty for generations,” he emphasized. 6．What does the underlined word “degradation” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Improvement. B．Expansion. C．Decline. D．Stability. 6．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Climate change is a major threat: melting ice and shifting rainfall patterns cause shoreline changes (气候变化是一个主要威胁：融化的冰和变化的降雨模式导致海岸线的变化)”可知，冰的融化和降雨模式变化带来的是消极影响，会导致草原退化，画线词意为“衰退，恶化”，与Decline“衰退”意思接近。故选C项。 变式4【湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月节选】Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure. Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.” Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients. We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color. After taking color variables into account, it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few:... 8．What does the phrase “swear by” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Deeply investigate. B．Deeply believe. C．Somewhat doubt. D．Still wish. 【答案】8．B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.”(然而，许多营销人员、室内设计师、医疗专业人士和其他人都对一种被称为色彩心理学的非正式科学领域……。色彩心理学被定义为“研究我们所感知的颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。”)”以及第三段“Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients(营销人员利用色彩科学来影响我们的购买行为。在选择油漆、家具和墙面装饰时，室内设计师依据“颜色能唤起人们特定情绪”这一理论进行设计。牙医也常被建议在诊室墙壁上使用浅蓝色，以帮助缓解患者的紧张情绪)”可知，营销人员利用色彩科学来影响我们的购买行为，牙医也常被建议在诊室墙壁上使用浅蓝色，以帮助缓解患者的紧张情绪，可推理出很多营销人员、室内设计师、医疗专业人士等都坚信色彩心理学这一非正式科学领域，所以“swear by”意思是“坚信”。故选B项。 ◇题型 02 句意猜测题：抓逻辑关系，还原作者意图 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger. ... 4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 第一步：定位原文 This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.(第二段) 第二步：分析线索 根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知此句是对前面的解释说明。 第三步：推测词义 作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。 第四步：代入验证 我们记者生活在一个全新的故事讲述时代，拥有众多新颖的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是新事物。对他们来说，这一切再正常不过了。 春节期间，当我与两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我深刻体会到了这一点。 第五步：代入答案 B 典例2（2019•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇）Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need." People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board. “What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could. While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet. “After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.” 24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 【答案】C 【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。 【解析】句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。 方｜法｜提｜练 1. 句子结构分析法：首先分析句子主干（主谓宾），理清修饰成分（定语、状语），抓住核心信息。复杂句可拆分理解，如长难句中的从句常为补充说明，不影响主干意思。 2. 上下文语境融合法：将句子放回原文，关注其在段落中的功能（如论点、论据、过渡）。论点句常需结合前后论据理解；过渡句则需联系上下文逻辑关系 [专题09 md]。 3. 逻辑关系定位法：识别句子内部及与周边句子的逻辑关系。如因果关系（解释原因/结果）、对比关系（比较异同）、例证关系（举例说明观点）等，通过信号词（thus, however, for instance）定位 [专题09 pdf summary]。 4. 作者意图推断法：结合文章主旨和作者态度，判断句子是否表达观点、提出建议、发出警告等。注意褒贬义词的情感色彩，如"fortunately", "unfortunately"常表达作者评价。 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1【2026届广东省汕尾市普通高中高三上学期毕业班综合测试（一）节选】On a very hot Saturday in San Antonio, about 50 educators turned up for a three-hour workshop, titled “Enhancing Instruction With Artificial Intelligence”. During the workshop, attendees generated lesson plans and graded schoolwork with OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini and Microsoft CoPilot. Celeste Simone, a middle school teacher who used the AI tools to generate pictures alongside vocabulary words and created illustrated storybooks that used students’ names as characters, said, “I’m shocked to see that they can create the materials in a matter of seconds. I don’t think I could go back to the way I did things before.” Having seen how helpful the AI tools are, another attendee raised a concern, “Are we going to be replaced by AI?” That remains to be seen. But to help the nation’s 4 million teachers to use the technology, teachers unions have formed an unlikely partnership with the world’s largest technology companies such as Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropic. The two groups don’t always see eye to eye but say they share a common goal: training the future workforce of America. “Like it or not, AI is part of our world,” said Daaiyah Bilal, an official of The National Education Association (NEA), the country’s largest teachers union. “We are preparing kids for the future. That is our primary job.” Under the arrangement announced in July, NEA is planning to build an AI training center in New York City that will offer virtual and in-person workshops for teachers. The goal is to open at least two more centers and train 400,000 teachers over the next five years. Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training. It includes a program that will give all school districts and community colleges in Washington, Microsoft’s home state, free access to its CoPilot tools. Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs, including free access to its Gemini for education platforms for US high schools. 5．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Complain. B．Agree. C．Invest. D．Negotiate. 5．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The two groups don’t always see eye to eye but say they share a common goal: training the future workforce of America. (这两个群体并不总是see eye to eye，但他们表示有着共同的目标：培养美国未来的劳动力。)”可知，前后分句存在转折关系，后半句强调“有共同目标”，前半句则应表示“意见不一致”，由此推测see eye to eye意为“意见一致”。故选B项。 变式2【2026届河北省沧州市2025-2026学年高三上学期一模节选】Do great minds think alike? Perhaps. However, a recent study reveals that “mixing things up” in the workplace may actually start even more creativity. Researchers from Rice University have found that managers who build teams with a diverse group of personalities end up getting the rewards. On the surface, it may seem smart to load up an office with employees who are all enthusiastic. The Rice team, however, recommends selecting some critical thinkers along with the optimists if you want the best results. It’s a similar theory to President Lincoln’s famous “team of opponents”. What is “affective diversity”? “Affect” refers to emotional responses: team members with “positive affect” offer expansive, boundary-pushing ideas, while those with “negative affect” ask tough questions and demand realistic solutions. This “team affective diversity”—the integration of creative thinking and critical evaluation—drives success. ... In summary, welcoming varied knowledge and abilities within the team along with accepting diverse emotions equals dynamic outcomes. Or, as Aristotle said, “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” This applies to team diversity, too. 13．What do the underlined words “negative affect” in paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Seeking practical solutions. B．Avoiding difficult questions. C．Ignoring realistic challenges. D．Putting forward creative ideas. 【答案】 13．A 13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中““Affect” refers to emotional responses: team members with “positive affect” offer expansive, boundary-pushing ideas, while those with “negative affect” ask tough questions and demand realistic solutions.(“情感”指的是情绪反应：具有“积极情感”的团队成员会提出广泛的、突破界限的想法，而具有“消极情感”的团队成员会提出尖锐的问题，并要求现实的解决方案。)”可知，明确对比两种团队成员特质：“positive affect”的人提出创新突破的想法，而“negative affect”的人“ask tough questions and demand realistic solutions(提出尖锐的问题，并要求现实的解决方案)”。由此推断，“negative affect”指的是追求切实可行的解决方案。故选A项。 变式3（2024·江西·一模节选）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman. The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.” ... Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.” 9．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean? A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough. C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement. 【答案】9．D 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选D。 ◇题型 03 代词指代题：就近原则+语义一致，一招锁定 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1(2025全国二卷第26题) 原文：There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons.B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 【答案】C 【解题思路】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined word, “it”, refer to, paragraph 4。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 第四段划线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 典例2(2024浙江1月卷第24题) 原文：When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 24. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 【答案】B 【解题思路】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the word “it”, underlined in the first paragraph, refer to。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 方｜法｜提｜练 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1（25-26高三上·辽宁·月考节选） ... When I finally let myself start painting, I didn’t aim to be perfect. I just wanted to focus on the act of painting itself. Abstract art became a door for me: It let me connect with my feelings, stay in the moment, and capture (刻画) things words couldn’t say. In the early days of painting, my works were all about “stillness” — they used only one or two colors, and they were very calm. That matched how I felt back then: I needed to slow down, think and listen to what my heart was saying. Later, as my life changed — like when I was delighted, tried new things, and learned to accept life’s unexpected turns — my paintings changed too. Bright colors started to appear, and my brushstrokes became freer and more natural. For people who stand in front of my works, I hope my paintings give them an invitation — not to understand me, but to find something of their own in the art. At its core, my journey as an abstract artist isn’t just my own story; it’s a story everyone can relate to; it’s a reminder: Art, like life, is an ongoing conversation — one that asks us to feel, to reflect and to trust what comes naturally. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The author’s mood. B．The value of painting. C．The style of artwork. D．The challenge of painting. 【答案】 2．C 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“In the early days of painting, my works were all about ‘stillness’ — they used only one or two colors, and they were very calm. That matched how I felt back then… (在刚开始绘画时，我的作品都关乎‘静谧’——它们只使用一两种颜色，非常平静。那与我当时的感受相符……)”可推知，划线词“That”指代的是前一句描述的早期画作风格，即只使用一两种颜色、非常平静的风格。故选C。 变式2（2026高三·新疆内蒙古·专题练习节选）... The results showed that the supplement group had a 55% higher incidence of arterial calcification compared to the non-user group. Further cell culture experiments revealed that excessive vitamin D promotes the deposit of calcium in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, a key step in calcification. “This doesn’t mean vitamin D is harmful at recommended levels, but consistently exceeding them might be,” Martinez noted. Vitamin D over-supplementation is common. Many adults take it for presumed benefits like improved mood or immunity, often without medical guidance. “There’s a misconception that if a little is good, more must be better,” said Martinez. Additionally, foods like milk and orange juice are often fortified with vitamin D in many countries, potentially contributing to high overall intake. Dr. James Lee from Stanford University commented, “This study provides a crucial warning against self-prescribed high-dose supplements. However, as the participants were primarily older adults, the findings may not be generalizable to younger populations. More research is needed.” 6．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Blood vessels. B．Recommended levels. C．Smooth muscle cells. D．Non-users. 【答案】 6．B 6．词句猜测题。根据第四段“This doesn’t mean vitamin D is harmful at recommended levels, but consistently exceeding them might be. (这并不意味着在推荐剂量下维生素D会有害，但长期持续超过them则可能有害。)”结合英语代词指代原则，“them”应指代前文出现的复数名词。前句中“recommended levels”(推荐摄入量)是唯一符合逻辑的复数名词。故选B。 变式3（25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中节选） ... However, less than 10 percent of polyolefin products are recycled annually, resulting in mountains of waste destined for landfills or being burnt. That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键). “Polyolefins don’t have any weak links. Every bond is incredibly strong and chemically unreactive,” said Yosi Kratish, a chemist at Northwestern University. Meanwhile, burning polyolefins requires temperatures as high as 700℃. “Everything can be burned, of course,” said Kratish. “But we wanted to find an elegant way to add the minimum amount of energy to obtain the maximum value product.” A potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst can deconstruct polyolefin plastic into useful hydrocarbons, but the process also involves high temperatures and expensive catalysts. But Kratish’s team found a workaround. Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure. “That is amazing. It’s definitely not something anybody expected” Kratish said. If proven to be scalable (可规模化) and efficient, the new catalyst could largely cut down the need for plastic pre-sorting while also reducing the amount of microplastics released into the environment every day. 10．What does “an elegant way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Combining hydrogen gas with cationic nickel. B．Deconstructing polyolefins into hydrocarbons. C．Burning polyolefins at a high temperature. D．Breaking down all of a plastic’s structure. 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段提到“potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst”（氢气+催化剂的潜在解决方案），但传统方案需高温和昂贵催化剂；第五段紧接着介绍Kratish团队的突破——使用廉价的阳离子镍作为催化剂。“an elegant way”指“以最低能量获得最大价值产品的方法”，即“氢气+阳离子镍”的组合，既解决传统方案的弊端，又实现高效分解。故划线词指的是“将氢气与阳离子态的镍相结合”故选A。 变式4（25-26高三上·河北邯郸·期中）Music psychologists have found that more than 90% of the population experience earworms, and they are beginning to understand how they work, why they happen, what they tell us about the brain, and even how to stop them. A song becomes an earworm when the mind will repeat parts of it indefinitely. It happens because the way music recall is organized in the mind is not like a sound file or tape recording that plays from beginning to end. Rather, the music is efficiently organized into “pockets” based on familiarity and similarity, with some pockets recycled where possible. This is the most crucial part of the earworm story. ... 13．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Earworms. B．Mental functions. C．Psychologists. D．Ordinary people. 13．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Music psychologists have found that more than 90% of the population experience earworms, and they are beginning to understand how they work, why they happen, what they tell us about the brain, and even how to stop them.(音乐心理学家发现，超过90%的人都有过“耳虫”经历，并且他们正开始研究“耳虫”是如何产生的，它们为什么会发生，他们告诉我们关于大脑的事情，甚至如何阻止它们)”可知，they指代前文提到的Music psychologists（音乐心理学家），即心理学家们在研究“耳虫”，且他们会告诉人们关于大脑的知识。故选C项。 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 词义猜测题的“语境”与“逻辑”双杀法 目录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】词义/短语猜测 【考点02】句意理解推断 【考点03】代词指代定位 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】猜测词义/短语猜测题：上下文线索+构词法双管齐下 【题型02】句意猜测题：抓逻辑关系，还原作者意图 【题型03】代词指代题：就近原则+语义一致，一招锁定 核心考向聚焦 核心价值： 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：本专题重点考查在不依赖词典的情况下，通过上下文线索、逻辑关系和构词法知识推断生词、短语及句子含义的能力。这类题型占阅读理解总分值的15%-20%，是高考英语的高频考点，也是考生突破高分的关键环节。 培优瓶颈： 1. 考生对语境线索（如定义、举例、同义/反义关系）敏感度不足； 2. 难以识别复杂句中的逻辑关系（如因果、转折、递进）； 3. 构词法知识（前缀、后缀、合成词）掌握不系统，无法有效拆解生词； 4. 对代词指代的“就近原则”和“语义一致原则”理解不到位，易混淆指代对象。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年高考将继续注重考查考生在真实语境中理解生词的能力，命题素材将更贴近生活实际，涉及社会热点、科技发展、文化交流等主题；词义猜测题的干扰项设置将更具迷惑性，需考生通过“语境+逻辑”双重验证排除干扰 策略：1. 系统梳理语境线索类型（定义、举例、对比、因果等），强化对信号词的敏感度； 2. 专项训练逻辑关系分析，重点突破“转折关系”和“因果关系”中的词义推断； 3. 归纳高频词根词缀，掌握“前缀改变词义、后缀改变词性”的规律。 ◇考点 01 词义/短语猜测 1. 题型解读 1. 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。要求考生根据上下文语境、逻辑关系或构词法知识，推断文中生词、熟词生义或特定短语的含义。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。这类题目不仅考查考生的语言知识储备，更考查其在具体语境中灵活运用语言的能力。常见的考查形式包括：生词含义推断、熟词生义推断、短语含义推断等。 2. 该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。 2. 设问方式 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷，代词型) 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? （2024新课标I卷，短语型） 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? （2024新课标II卷，短语型） 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? （2024全国甲卷，短语型） 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?（2024浙江1月卷，代词型） 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型） 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型） 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型） 3.解题技巧 方法1：关注词的功能。授课过程中引导学生关注构词法、词的情感色彩、同义词、反义词、上下义词。 方法2：关注语篇中的解释功能。引导学生总结解释的几种方式：下定义、定语（从句）、同位语（从句）、举例子、标点符号等。 方法3：关注逻辑关系。引导学生总结几种常见的逻辑关系：因果、转折、并列、递进等。 结合生活常识和文化背景 方法4：结合生活常识和文化背景。 生活常识：在猜测词义时，利用自己已有的生活经验和常识。 文化背景：对于一些具有文化特色的词汇，要考虑相关的文化背景知识。 ◇考点 02 句意理解推断 1.题型解读 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 3. 解题技巧 方法 具体操作 意义吻合法 找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。理解需要推理的句意，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结 [专题09 md]。 归纳总结法 找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项，一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思 [专题09 md]。 逻辑关系分析法 重点关注句子前后的逻辑连接词（如however, therefore, in contrast等），通过这些信号词判断句子与上下文的因果、转折、递进等关系，从而准确理解句意。 3.思维导图 ◇考点 03 代词指代定位 1.题型解读 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。 代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。 2.设问方式 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷) 24. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? (2024浙江1月卷) 3.思维导图 ◇题型 01 猜测词义/短语猜测题：上下文线索+构词法双管齐下 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025年全国一卷B篇节选） ... As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health - related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal - narrative unit followed by a creative - writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 典例2（2025年浙江卷1月C篇节选）)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly(模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. ... 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1【湖南省部分学校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月节选】On a cold Colorado morning, Tera and her pet dog, Odin, waited inside the Sister Mary Alice Murphy Center for Hope. They were here to see veterinarian (兽医) Dr. Jon Geller,who provides free veterinary care through the Street Dog Coalition, a nonprofit serving pets of homeless individuals. In a make shift exam room, Geller checked Odin’s ears, heart, teeth and belly. The 11-month-old puppy received vaccinations for rabies(狂犬病), parvovirus and distemper, along with a deworming pill. ... Despite criticism about homeless individuals caring for animals, Geller emphasizes their sacrifices: Many prioritize feeding their pets over themselves and forfeit access to shelters and transportation. The most common breeds of street dogs are pit bulls and Chihuahuas. Pit bulls are often seen as outcasts, while Chihuahuas are known for being very loyal. The Street Dog Coalition, initially self-funded, now holds nonprofit status and relies on volunteers, including Colorado State University vet students, and donations. Services focus on “street medicine” — preventive care like vaccines and parasite treatment. The organization has expanded to six states, with plans to reach more high-need cities. 27．Which can explain the underlined word “forfeit” in paragraph 5? A．Remember. B．Find. C．Lose. D．Consult. 变式2【2026届陕西省西安市新城区高三上学期二模节选】Over 30% of food produced in the United States goes to waste, contributing significantly to CO2 emissions and costing the economy billions annually. As the third-largest contributor to foodservice-related food waste, hotels are increasingly taking action. Hilton, a global hotel leader, is applying lessons learned in Europe and Africa to reduce food waste across its operations. “We know hospitality accounts for about 3% of global food waste. Therefore, reducing waste is not only good for the planet, but it also supports business goals and attracts guests and employees who value sustainability.” said Emma Banks, Hilton’s vice president of food and drink strategy. Banks is instrumental in driving Hilton’s food sustainability agenda, overseeing food and drink operations across more than 70 countries... 8．What does the underlined word “instrumental” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Sensitive. B．Permanent. C．Negative. D．Crucial. 变式3【山东省名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期12月】At an altitude over 4,500 meters in Burang County, Ngari Prefecture, Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region, lies Mapam Yumco Lake. For over a decade, 42-year-old Dradul has dedicated himself to protecting the wetland around this precious lake as an ecosystem guardian. Before becoming a guardian, he struggled with temporary jobs and hoped for a steady salary. Now, he earns a stable monthly income of 2,000 yuan and comes to feel a deep sense of purpose. “Protecting this lake makes me proud. It’s not just work — it’s about preserving it for future generations,” he said. Dradul’s workday begins early. He patrols (巡查) a fixed 10-kilometer route by motorcycle, with duties including observing the reserve, recording data, and addressing ecological threats. Last February, he and his team rescued a wing-broken eagle, sending it to a rescue center until it recovered. This July, they spent 20 minutes pulling a trapped wild out of a mudflat with ropes. Educating visitors is another core task. Dradul reminds tourists not to litter, drive on delicate grasslands, or leave waste. “In the past, the wetland was full of garbage and had fewer wild animals,” Dradul recalled. Today, the wetland is home to 411 plant species and 157 wildlife species — a remarkable level of biodiversity for such a high-altitude area. Yet, the work is far from easy. Climate change is a major threat: melting ice and shifting rainfall patterns cause shoreline changes and grassland degradation. Human activities also continue — some visitors still litter, bathe, or wash cars in the lake. With nearly 99,000 hectares (公顷) of wetland and only 90 guardians, remote areas can’t be patrolled daily. Despite these difficulties, Dradul remains hopeful. He dreams of Mapam Yumco Lake staying pure forever. “This responsibility, though built on small daily efforts, must be passed down. With sincerity and commitment, even the simplest actions can safeguard the lake’s beauty for generations,” he emphasized. 6．What does the underlined word “degradation” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Improvement. B．Expansion. C．Decline. D．Stability. 变式4【湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月节选】Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure. Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.” Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients. We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color. After taking color variables into account, it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few:... 8．What does the phrase “swear by” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Deeply investigate. B．Deeply believe. C．Somewhat doubt. D．Still wish. ◇题型 02 句意猜测题：抓逻辑关系，还原作者意图 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger. ... 4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. 第一步：定位原文 第二步：分析线索 第三步：推测词义 第四步：代入验证 第五步：代入答案 B典例2（2019•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇）Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need." People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board. “What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could. While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet. “After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.” 24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1【2026届广东省汕尾市普通高中高三上学期毕业班综合测试（一）节选】On a very hot Saturday in San Antonio, about 50 educators turned up for a three-hour workshop, titled “Enhancing Instruction With Artificial Intelligence”. During the workshop, attendees generated lesson plans and graded schoolwork with OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini and Microsoft CoPilot. Celeste Simone, a middle school teacher who used the AI tools to generate pictures alongside vocabulary words and created illustrated storybooks that used students’ names as characters, said, “I’m shocked to see that they can create the materials in a matter of seconds. I don’t think I could go back to the way I did things before.” Having seen how helpful the AI tools are, another attendee raised a concern, “Are we going to be replaced by AI?” That remains to be seen. But to help the nation’s 4 million teachers to use the technology, teachers unions have formed an unlikely partnership with the world’s largest technology companies such as Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropic. The two groups don’t always see eye to eye but say they share a common goal: training the future workforce of America. “Like it or not, AI is part of our world,” said Daaiyah Bilal, an official of The National Education Association (NEA), the country’s largest teachers union. “We are preparing kids for the future. That is our primary job.” Under the arrangement announced in July, NEA is planning to build an AI training center in New York City that will offer virtual and in-person workshops for teachers. The goal is to open at least two more centers and train 400,000 teachers over the next five years. Tech companies also see opportunities in education beyond training teachers. Microsoft announced a $4 billion initiative for AI research and training. It includes a program that will give all school districts and community colleges in Washington, Microsoft’s home state, free access to its CoPilot tools. Google said it would commit $1 billion for AI education and job training programs, including free access to its Gemini for education platforms for US high schools. 5．What do the underlined words “see eye to eye” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Complain. B．Agree. C．Invest. D．Negotiate. 变式2【2026届河北省沧州市2025-2026学年高三上学期一模节选】Do great minds think alike? Perhaps. However, a recent study reveals that “mixing things up” in the workplace may actually start even more creativity. Researchers from Rice University have found that managers who build teams with a diverse group of personalities end up getting the rewards. On the surface, it may seem smart to load up an office with employees who are all enthusiastic. The Rice team, however, recommends selecting some critical thinkers along with the optimists if you want the best results. It’s a similar theory to President Lincoln’s famous “team of opponents”. What is “affective diversity”? “Affect” refers to emotional responses: team members with “positive affect” offer expansive, boundary-pushing ideas, while those with “negative affect” ask tough questions and demand realistic solutions. This “team affective diversity”—the integration of creative thinking and critical evaluation—drives success. ... In summary, welcoming varied knowledge and abilities within the team along with accepting diverse emotions equals dynamic outcomes. Or, as Aristotle said, “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” This applies to team diversity, too. 13．What do the underlined words “negative affect” in paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Seeking practical solutions. B．Avoiding difficult questions. C．Ignoring realistic challenges. D．Putting forward creative ideas. 变式3（2024·江西·一模节选）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman. The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.” ... Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.” 9．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean? A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough. C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement. ◇题型 03 代词指代题：就近原则+语义一致，一招锁定 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1(2025全国二卷第26题) 原文：There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons.B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 典例2(2024浙江1月卷第24题) 原文：When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 24. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1（25-26高三上·辽宁·月考节选） ... When I finally let myself start painting, I didn’t aim to be perfect. I just wanted to focus on the act of painting itself. Abstract art became a door for me: It let me connect with my feelings, stay in the moment, and capture (刻画) things words couldn’t say. In the early days of painting, my works were all about “stillness” — they used only one or two colors, and they were very calm. That matched how I felt back then: I needed to slow down, think and listen to what my heart was saying. Later, as my life changed — like when I was delighted, tried new things, and learned to accept life’s unexpected turns — my paintings changed too. Bright colors started to appear, and my brushstrokes became freer and more natural. For people who stand in front of my works, I hope my paintings give them an invitation — not to understand me, but to find something of their own in the art. At its core, my journey as an abstract artist isn’t just my own story; it’s a story everyone can relate to; it’s a reminder: Art, like life, is an ongoing conversation — one that asks us to feel, to reflect and to trust what comes naturally. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The author’s mood. B．The value of painting. C．The style of artwork. D．The challenge of painting. 变式2（2026高三·新疆内蒙古·专题练习节选）... The results showed that the supplement group had a 55% higher incidence of arterial calcification compared to the non-user group. Further cell culture experiments revealed that excessive vitamin D promotes the deposit of calcium in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, a key step in calcification. “This doesn’t mean vitamin D is harmful at recommended levels, but consistently exceeding them might be,” Martinez noted. Vitamin D over-supplementation is common. Many adults take it for presumed benefits like improved mood or immunity, often without medical guidance. “There’s a misconception that if a little is good, more must be better,” said Martinez. Additionally, foods like milk and orange juice are often fortified with vitamin D in many countries, potentially contributing to high overall intake. Dr. James Lee from Stanford University commented, “This study provides a crucial warning against self-prescribed high-dose supplements. However, as the participants were primarily older adults, the findings may not be generalizable to younger populations. More research is needed.” 6．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Blood vessels. B．Recommended levels. C．Smooth muscle cells. D．Non-users. 变式3（25-26高三上·江苏南通·期中节选） ... However, less than 10 percent of polyolefin products are recycled annually, resulting in mountains of waste destined for landfills or being burnt. That’s because while other plastics are typically broken down with catalysts, breaking down polyolefin is difficult due to its tough carbon-carbon molecular bonds (分子键). “Polyolefins don’t have any weak links. Every bond is incredibly strong and chemically unreactive,” said Yosi Kratish, a chemist at Northwestern University. Meanwhile, burning polyolefins requires temperatures as high as 700℃. “Everything can be burned, of course,” said Kratish. “But we wanted to find an elegant way to add the minimum amount of energy to obtain the maximum value product.” A potential solution combining hydrogen gas and a catalyst can deconstruct polyolefin plastic into useful hydrocarbons, but the process also involves high temperatures and expensive catalysts. But Kratish’s team found a workaround. Unlike rare metals, engineers discovered that an alternative called cationic nickel (阳离子镍) is cheap and easy to collect. Other nickel-based catalysts include multiple reaction sites. Cationic nickel’s single-site variant allows it to function more like a precise sharp knife. Instead of breaking down all of a plastic’s structure, this option specifically targets those carbon-carbon bonds at a much lower temperature and with half the hydrogen gas pressure. “That is amazing. It’s definitely not something anybody expected” Kratish said. If proven to be scalable (可规模化) and efficient, the new catalyst could largely cut down the need for plastic pre-sorting while also reducing the amount of microplastics released into the environment every day. 10．What does “an elegant way” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Combining hydrogen gas with cationic nickel. B．Deconstructing polyolefins into hydrocarbons. C．Burning polyolefins at a high temperature. D．Breaking down all of a plastic’s structure. 变式4（25-26高三上·河北邯郸·期中）Music psychologists have found that more than 90% of the population experience earworms, and they are beginning to understand how they work, why they happen, what they tell us about the brain, and even how to stop them. A song becomes an earworm when the mind will repeat parts of it indefinitely. It happens because the way music recall is organized in the mind is not like a sound file or tape recording that plays from beginning to end. Rather, the music is efficiently organized into “pockets” based on familiarity and similarity, with some pockets recycled where possible. This is the most crucial part of the earworm story. ... 13．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Earworms. B．Mental functions. C．Psychologists. D．Ordinary people. 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $