专题04 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语名词性从句复习讲义通过分类梳理与结构化呈现构建知识体系，以表格归纳主语、宾语、表语从句的引导词类型及用法要点，用步骤化框架（判类型-看成分-定引导词-查规则）梳理解题逻辑，清晰呈现引导词选择、形式主/宾语用法等重难点及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层递进的练习设计与思维导向的方法指导，如即时检测单句语法填空“People can never be sure _______ it will happen”、重难突破中的从句合并题，通过“成分分析+语境逻辑”培养语言理解与表达能力及分析推断的思维品质。基础通关夯实核心考点，易混易错专项突破典型错误，助力不同层次学生提升，为教师实施精准复习教学提供系统支持。

专题04 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句） （期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查引导词选择：that / whether / what / how / why； （2）考查it 作形式主语/宾语：It is…that…、find/feel it+adj.+that… 等固定结构； （3）特殊先行词：抽象地点（situation, point, case 等）后接 where；way 后接 that/in which/省略；时间名词后选 when；the same…as/such…as 结构 （4）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对名词性从句从句理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海秋考】King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit ,you cannot prove ( 25 )__________this land belongs to. His story is a reminder of ( 29 )_______wisdom can bring( 30 )_______ peace and harmony. 【答案】 25.who/whom 29.how 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】 28. it 【2022年秋考】An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 【答案】26.what 【2022年春考】People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30)_______do see it say that they will never forget it. 【答案】29.that 30.whoever 考情分析： · 题型：语法填空 1-2 空；翻译题中也会嵌入名词性从句。 · 高频角度： ① what 引导的主语从句（2022 翻译题 What … conveys is that …）； ② 抽象名词后同位语从句 that 不省； ③ it 作形式主语/宾语结构复现。 期末考查以 “引导词精准选择”、“语序规则应用”“形式主 / 宾语用法”为核心，侧重期中后重点 —— 表语从句与主语从句的混合辨析、介词后宾语从句的特殊用法，以及语篇中 “时态呼应 + 语境逻辑” 的综合判断。 复习目标： 1.熟练掌握主语、宾语、表语从句的核心结构、引导词分类及适用场景，能快速判断从句类型。 2.精准区分易混引导词（that/what/whether/if 等）的用法边界，规避语序、时态、引导词省略等典型错误。 3.能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对 “复杂句式 + 语境逻辑” 的综合性题目（如语篇中嵌套多类从句）。 名词性从句 在句中起名词作用的各种从句，称为名词性从句。 分类： 主从：主句谓语前 宾从：及物动词、形容词或介词之后 表从：系动词后 同位语从句：抽象名词后 主语从句 1. 定义：在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句,位于句首主语的位置。当主语从句位于句首时,引导从句的连接词一律不能省略,其谓语动词通常用单数。 2.引导词分类 引导词类型 代表词 用法要点 从属连词 that/whether that 无词义、不充当成分，不可省略；whether 表 “是否”，不省略 连接代词 what/who/which/whoever/whatever 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，有明确词义 连接副词 when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因等 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：必须用陈述语序（例：When he will come is unknown. 而非 When will he come...）。 (2) 形式主语：It 作形式主语的句型 1) It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 2) It+ be +名词+ that从句 3) It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 (said, believed, reported, known, proved, …) 4) It + 不及物动词+ that从句(seem,appear, happen…) (3) 主谓一致：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个及以上从句并列作主语时，谓语用复数（例：When they will start and where they will go are still unknown.）。 宾语从句 1. 定义：充当及物动词、介词或形容词后的宾语的从句。 2. 引导词分类 (1)从属连词：that（可省略，多动词后）、whether/if（表 “是否”，介词后只能用 whether）。 (2)连接代词：what/who/whom/whose/which（作从句主语、宾语等）。 (3)连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 3. 关键用法 (1)语序：陈述语序（例：She asked where the meeting would be held.）。 (2)that 的省略：单个宾语从句中可省，多个并列从句中仅第一个可省（例：He said (that) he would come and that he would bring a gift.）。 (3)形式宾语：“主语 + find/think/consider/make + it + 宾补 + that 从句”（例：I find it useful that we learn body language.）。 (4)特殊搭配：介词（insist on/devote to）或固定短语（have difficulty in）后接从句时，需先接介词再引导从句（例：They insisted on holding the party outdoors.）。 4.注意点 (1)在动词 agree，argue，assure，hold，indicate，maintain，inform，object，suggest 等后接宾语从句时，that 通常不省略。例如： The scientist held that the drug was dangerous. They maintain that rules about dress are a limitation of personal freedom. He objected that it was impossible. (2)连接两个并列的宾语从句时，连接第二个宾语从句的 that 不可省略。例如： He said he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand. I know you aren't a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor. (3)介词后不接 that 引导的从句，但可接 the fact that 接从句作宾语。 He was responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor. He refused to help me despite the fact that I asked him several times. (4)复合关系代词 what 引导描述事物的名词性从句中，what = the thing that，常可译为・・・的（东西 / 地方 / 状态等）。 He felt a glow of pride in what she had accomplished. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (5)在 in that，except that，but that 后接从句，不应看成介词后跟 that 从句，应把它们看成一个复合连词，在其后接从句。 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 表语从句 1. 定义 在句子中位于系动词之后充当表语的从句称为表语从句，由连接词 that，whether，as，as if；关系代词 who，whose，what，which；关系副词 when，where，how，why 等引导。对主语进行解释说明的从句。一般结构是：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 2.常见的系动词有： 状态系动词：be 动词; 感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 终止系动词：prove/ turn out(结果是，证明是) 3.引导词分类 从属连词：that/whether/as if（that 不可省略；if 不能引导表语从句）。 连接代词：what/who/which/whatever（作从句主语、宾语等）。 连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 特殊连词：because（表原因，仅用于表语从句）。 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：陈述语序（例：The question is how we can improve our English.）。 (2) that引导表语从句时,仅起连接作用 。 ①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 (3) whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用， ①有“是否”之意　②不充当成分 注意： if 不能引导表语从句 (4) 连接副词where, when, why, how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义 (5) 表语从句的特殊句式： the reason why ...is that...。。。的原因是。。（定从；表从） That is because ... 那是因为。。。（表从，表原因或理由） That is why ... 那就是。。的原因（表从，表结果） 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.判类型：分析从句在句中作主语、宾语还是表语（看位置：句首→主语从句；动词 / 介词后→宾语从句；系动词后→表语从句）。 2.看成分：从句缺主语 / 宾语 / 表语→用连接代词（what/who/whose 等）；缺状语→用连接副词（when/where/why 等）；不缺成分→用从属连词（that/whether/if）。 3.定引导词：根据语境意义选择（如 “是否” 用 whether/if；“…… 的事物” 用 what）。 4.查规则：核实语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应、引导词特殊用法（如介词后不用 if）。 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. It is no use ________ (argue) with someone who is obstinate and refuses to listen. 2. What surprised the whole class most ________ (be) his outstanding performance in the national English competition. 3. The question we are discussing now is ________ we can overcome the difficulty within a week. 4. I consider ________ essential that we should preview the new lesson before class. 5. ________ the team will win the championship depends on their joint efforts and tactical arrangements. 二、翻译句子 1. 我们是否应该参加这个国际交流项目取决于个人兴趣和语言能力。（主语从句） 2. 老师提醒我们，良好的学习习惯对提升成绩起着关键作用。（宾语从句） 3. 他能在短时间内适应新环境的原因是他善于沟通且心态开放。（表语从句） 三、单项选择 1．（24-25高二上·上海嘉定·期末）It is still a mystery _____ the ancient civilization disappeared without leaving a trace. A．which B．what C．when D．how 2．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）________ is no possibility ________ a foreigner can be elected to the Congress. A．There, that B．It, that C．There, whether D．It, whether 3．（14-15高二上·上海·期末）_____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）As is often the case, _____ makes mistakes must correct them. A．whoever B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever 5．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）________ determines a good meal varies from country to country. A．That B．What C．How D．which 6．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）What made the school proud was ________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A．because B．why C．whether D．that 7．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）________ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. A．Whoever B．No matter who C．Anyone D．Who 8．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）It is a pity ________ I can’t afford this cool car. A．how B．what C．that D．which 9．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）It hasn’t been decided ________ will be our headmaster. A．which B．what C．who D．that 10．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）A latest survey reveals that two-thirds of the public schools in LA County have made ________ students shall wear uniforms at school. A．a rule that B．it a rule that C．a rule D．it a rule 11．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Legend has it _________monsters live the Kanas Lake’s depth and they often drag drinking horses and camels into the water before swallowing them. A．that B．what C．when D．as 12．（23-24高二上·上海·期末） attended the premiere(首映) of this new play is sure to tell the show is worthy twice. A．Whoever has…to be watched B．Whoever has…watching C．Those who have…to be watched D．Those who have…watching 13．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The most widely accepted theory about _________ the Middle East has large oil reserves is that the region was not always a vast desert. A．which B．that C．why D．whether 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _____________ is now northwestern of Wyoming. 2.When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes __________ she encounters all the way is an impressive gift. 3.Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea ____________ he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster! 4.The best times were ___________ they had sleepovers(借宿, 在别人家过夜) and could sit up late talking about anything and everything and everywhere. 5.An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds(化合物) is ___________ makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. 6.Breathwork is thought to influence the vagus nerve(迷走神经), which stretches from the brain to the gut and make up the majority of ___________ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system. 7.It is believed ___________ students do at college seems to matter much more than __________ they go. 8.You can put it ____________ it was arranged before. 9.___________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today’s society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to inner beauty. 10.40 grams of meat per day is ____________ people should consume in order to stay fit. 11.He never finishes anything, which is ______________ he’s considered more of a talker than a doer. 12.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honor; it should be given to ___________ we think has made the greatest contribution. 二、选择题 1. ______ in the sun for too long is bad for your skin.（ ） A. Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat 2. He is interested in ______ stamps.（ ） A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected 3. The news is ______. We are all ______ at it.（ ） A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising 4. I don’t know ______ he will come or not.（ ） A. if B. whether C. that D. what 5. ______ hard, you will make progress.（ ） A. Work B. Working C. To work D. Worked 6. He suggested ______ to the cinema this evening.（ ） A. go B. going C. to go D. gone 7. ______ the project, they had a party.（ ） A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Having completed 8. The reason why he was late is ______ he missed the bus.（ ） A. that B. because C. why D. what 9. It’s worthwhile ______ the film again.（ ） A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 10. She devotes all her time to ______ her students.（ ） A. teach B. teaching C. to teach D. taught 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、根据语境，用适当的连接词完成下列名词性从句 1. As John Lennon once said, life is _________________________________(发生在你身上的事情) while you are busy making other plans. 2. ________________________________(苏珊向我表明) she wished to make a new life for herself. 3. ______________________________________(毫无疑问) more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day? 4. What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________________________________(为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法). 5. A modern city has been set up in ________________________________(十年前荒废的地方) 6. Generally speaking, he is a good student ________________________________(除了不时的有点粗心大意外). 7. _____________________________(无关紧要) he comes for the meeting or not. 8. It is often the case _____________________________(一切皆有可能) for those who hang on to hope. 9. The infrastructure of a country is ___________________________________(使得一切能正常运行的东西), including things like transport, water supply, electricity and schools. 10. The reason why he failed time and again is__________________________________(因为他不够努力) 二、根据题后所给的要求改写句子 11. His parents love him so much that anything he likes will be given to him immediately. (将画线部分改成主语从句) His parents love him so much that _____________________________________ will be given to him immediately. 12. Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? The relevant information is available in our guide. (用表语从句改写) Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? This is _____________________________________. 13. Any book he bought here would be paid in cash. (将画线部分改成主语从句) ________________________________________ would be paid in cash. 14. He is absent from school. His father is badly ill in hospital. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) The reason why he is absent from school _______________________________________________________. 15. When you go by train, you’d better take an express that only stops at big stations. Please see to it. (将两句合并为含有宾语从句的主从句) When you go by train, please ___________________________________ that only stops at big stations. 16. He is not coming for the meeting. I’ve just got word. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) I’ve just got word _______________________________________________________________________. 17. Online courses provide a wonderful model. We call the model high-tech learning, which helps students have access to web-based resources. (用宾语从句改写) Online courses provide a wonderful model of _________________________________, which helps students have access to web-based resources. 18. The manager has decided to promote those persons. He thinks they are energetic and clever in the positions of the leadership of the company. (用宾语从句改写) The manager has decided to promote ____________ he thinks _________________________ of the leadership of the company. 19. Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job. She owes the world a visit. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job_______________________________. 20. The old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. It is known to us all. (将两句合并为含有主语从句的主从句) ____________________________________ the old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. ______ the team can overcome the challenges and achieve the goal remains uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. What 2. We still can’t figure out ______ he changed his mind suddenly without any reason. A. that B. what C. why D. who 3. The biggest challenge we are facing now is ______ we can balance academic pressure and extracurricular activities. A. that B. if C. whether D. how 4. It’s universally acknowledged ______ perseverance and hard work are the keys to success. A. that B. which C. what D. when 5. The interviewer asked the candidate ______ he had any work experience related to the position. A. that B. what C. whether D. where 6. ______ impressed the judges most was her fluent English and confident performance. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 7. Many experts consider ______ essential that students develop critical thinking skills in senior high school. A. this B. that C. it D. what 8. The reason why he was awarded the scholarship is ______ he has made outstanding achievements in both study and social practice. A. because B. that C. what D. whether 9. Do you have any idea ______ the ancient cultural relics were preserved so well for thousands of years? A. when B. that C. what D. how 10. ______ we learn from the failure is more valuable than the success itself. A. That B. What C. Which D. How 二、语法填空（10题） 11. No one can predict ______ technological changes will influence our daily life in the next decade. 12. ______ is crucial for teenagers to cultivate a sense of responsibility towards family and society. 13. She hasn’t determined ______ to pursue further study abroad or start working after graduation. 14. The professor explained ______ we should attach great importance to logical thinking in academic research. 15. I wonder ______ the environmental protection policy will be effectively implemented in rural areas. 16. ______ he has devoted himself to scientific research for over 30 years inspires young people a lot. 17. Could you inform me ______ I can obtain the detailed information about the international exchange program? 18. It’s still a mystery ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly without leaving enough clues. 19. The manager thinks ______ significant that the company should invest more in technological innovation. 20. The debate focuses on ______ online education can completely replace traditional classroom teaching. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、选择题 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 二、翻译 1．（24-25高二上·上海普陀·期末）Smith 太太常对我抱怨，她发现自己与女儿无法沟通。(complain) (汉译英) 2．（24-25高二上·上海黄浦·期末）我觉得把时间花在能带来快乐和满足感的爱好上很值得。（worthwhile）(汉译英) 3．（23-24高二上·上海黄浦·期末）令我们无比感动的是, 尽管道路险阻, 警察们最终成功营救了困在雪地的游客们。(despite)(汉译英) 4．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）研究人员想弄清楚经常与动物接触是否能帮助人们有效减轻压力。(exposure) (汉译英) 5．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）我没想到他这样自律的学生这个暑假也会沉迷网络游戏，好多作业都没动。(abandon) （汉译英） 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）据预测，野生老虎的数量将在未来十年因它们栖息地的改变而骤减。 (decline) (汉译英) 7．（23-24高二上·上海嘉定·期末）你知道谁应该为这场严重的事故负责吗? (blame) (汉译英) 8．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）专家指出，错误的语言观会对语言学习产生负面影响。(impact n.)(汉译英) 9．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）食物的外观或触感，也就是它的质地，也会影响人们对它的态度。 (influence) (汉译英) 10．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）一些用户担心父母、老师、未来的雇主和同龄人会怎么看待他们。 (concern) (汉译英) 11．（24-25高二上·上海浦东新·期末）本次展览的独特之处在于它涵盖了古埃及文明的各个方面，参观者们徜徉在历史的长河中，为古人的智慧所折服。(where) (汉译英) 12．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）为了确保每个人都能公平地使用学习室，学生们决定轮流预约，这样每个人都能享受 到安静且专注的学习环境。(turn)(汉译英) 13．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）多亏了可靠的资源，这信息才有可能为大众所用，这意味着语言塑造了我们的思维方式。（available）(汉译英) 14．（23-24高二上·上海徐汇·期末）这位前世界冠军向我们证明，一个小小的决定可能产生巨大的影响。 (difference) （汉译英） 15．（23-24高二上·上海徐汇·期末）预计有数百万家庭将受益于智慧家系统。(predict) (汉译英) 16．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）说不同语言的人是否会有不同的思维方式，这个问题已经争论了数千年。(What) (汉译英) 17．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）结果这位诺贝尔奖的获得者把他的成功归功于他不灰心并且迎难而上直面挑战。（turn out）(汉译英) 18．（24-25高二上·上海嘉定·期末）公司声称最新的移动电子设备对用户很友好，连老人都很容易用。(claim+宾语从句) 19．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）通常让我们无法专注眼前工作的不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑。(…not…but…) (汉译英) 20．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）尽管这个科学家没有把实验的失败怪在她身上，但大家都意识到性别歧视导致了这一切。（Despite）(汉译英) 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语从句） （期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查引导词选择：that / whether / what / how / why； （2）考查it 作形式主语/宾语：It is…that…、find/feel it+adj.+that… 等固定结构； （3）特殊先行词：抽象地点（situation, point, case 等）后接 where；way 后接 that/in which/省略；时间名词后选 when；the same…as/such…as 结构 （4）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对名词性从句从句理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海秋考】King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit ,you cannot prove ( 25 )__________this land belongs to. His story is a reminder of ( 29 )_______wisdom can bring( 30 )_______ peace and harmony. 【答案】 25.who/whom 29.how 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】 28. it 【2022年秋考】An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 【答案】26.what 【2022年春考】People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30)_______do see it say that they will never forget it. 【答案】29.that 30.whoever 考情分析： · 题型：语法填空 1-2 空；翻译题中也会嵌入名词性从句。 · 高频角度： ① what 引导的主语从句（2022 翻译题 What … conveys is that …）； ② 抽象名词后同位语从句 that 不省； ③ it 作形式主语/宾语结构复现。 期末考查以 “引导词精准选择”、“语序规则应用”“形式主 / 宾语用法”为核心，侧重期中后重点 —— 表语从句与主语从句的混合辨析、介词后宾语从句的特殊用法，以及语篇中 “时态呼应 + 语境逻辑” 的综合判断。 复习目标： 1.熟练掌握主语、宾语、表语从句的核心结构、引导词分类及适用场景，能快速判断从句类型。 2.精准区分易混引导词（that/what/whether/if 等）的用法边界，规避语序、时态、引导词省略等典型错误。 3.能在语法填空、单选、写作中灵活运用，应对 “复杂句式 + 语境逻辑” 的综合性题目（如语篇中嵌套多类从句）。 名词性从句 在句中起名词作用的各种从句，称为名词性从句。 分类： 主从：主句谓语前 宾从：及物动词、形容词或介词之后 表从：系动词后 同位语从句：抽象名词后 主语从句 1. 定义：在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句,位于句首主语的位置。当主语从句位于句首时,引导从句的连接词一律不能省略,其谓语动词通常用单数。 2.引导词分类 引导词类型 代表词 用法要点 从属连词 that/whether that 无词义、不充当成分，不可省略；whether 表 “是否”，不省略 连接代词 what/who/which/whoever/whatever 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，有明确词义 连接副词 when/where/why/how 在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因等 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：必须用陈述语序（例：When he will come is unknown. 而非 When will he come...）。 (2) 形式主语：It 作形式主语的句型 1) It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 2) It+ be +名词+ that从句 3) It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 (said, believed, reported, known, proved, …) 4) It + 不及物动词+ that从句(seem,appear, happen…) (3) 主谓一致：单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个及以上从句并列作主语时，谓语用复数（例：When they will start and where they will go are still unknown.）。 宾语从句 1. 定义：充当及物动词、介词或形容词后的宾语的从句。 2. 引导词分类 (1)从属连词：that（可省略，多动词后）、whether/if（表 “是否”，介词后只能用 whether）。 (2)连接代词：what/who/whom/whose/which（作从句主语、宾语等）。 (3)连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 3. 关键用法 (1)语序：陈述语序（例：She asked where the meeting would be held.）。 (2)that 的省略：单个宾语从句中可省，多个并列从句中仅第一个可省（例：He said (that) he would come and that he would bring a gift.）。 (3)形式宾语：“主语 + find/think/consider/make + it + 宾补 + that 从句”（例：I find it useful that we learn body language.）。 (4)特殊搭配：介词（insist on/devote to）或固定短语（have difficulty in）后接从句时，需先接介词再引导从句（例：They insisted on holding the party outdoors.）。 4.注意点 (1)在动词 agree，argue，assure，hold，indicate，maintain，inform，object，suggest 等后接宾语从句时，that 通常不省略。例如： The scientist held that the drug was dangerous. They maintain that rules about dress are a limitation of personal freedom. He objected that it was impossible. (2)连接两个并列的宾语从句时，连接第二个宾语从句的 that 不可省略。例如： He said he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand. I know you aren't a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor. (3)介词后不接 that 引导的从句，但可接 the fact that 接从句作宾语。 He was responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor. He refused to help me despite the fact that I asked him several times. (4)复合关系代词 what 引导描述事物的名词性从句中，what = the thing that，常可译为・・・的（东西 / 地方 / 状态等）。 He felt a glow of pride in what she had accomplished. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (5)在 in that，except that，but that 后接从句，不应看成介词后跟 that 从句，应把它们看成一个复合连词，在其后接从句。 易错警示 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 表语从句 1. 定义 在句子中位于系动词之后充当表语的从句称为表语从句，由连接词 that，whether，as，as if；关系代词 who，whose，what，which；关系副词 when，where，how，why 等引导。对主语进行解释说明的从句。一般结构是：“主语+系动词+表语从句”。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 2.常见的系动词有： 状态系动词：be 动词; 感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 终止系动词：prove/ turn out(结果是，证明是) 3.引导词分类 从属连词：that/whether/as if（that 不可省略；if 不能引导表语从句）。 连接代词：what/who/which/whatever（作从句主语、宾语等）。 连接副词：when/where/why/how（作从句状语）。 特殊连词：because（表原因，仅用于表语从句）。 3. 关键用法 (1) 语序：陈述语序（例：The question is how we can improve our English.）。 (2) that引导表语从句时,仅起连接作用 。 ①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 (3) whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用， ①有“是否”之意　②不充当成分 注意： if 不能引导表语从句 (4) 连接副词where, when, why, how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义 (5) 表语从句的特殊句式： the reason why ...is that...。。。的原因是。。（定从；表从） That is because ... 那是因为。。。（表从，表原因或理由） That is why ... 那就是。。的原因（表从，表结果） 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.判类型：分析从句在句中作主语、宾语还是表语（看位置：句首→主语从句；动词 / 介词后→宾语从句；系动词后→表语从句）。 2.看成分：从句缺主语 / 宾语 / 表语→用连接代词（what/who/whose 等）；缺状语→用连接副词（when/where/why 等）；不缺成分→用从属连词（that/whether/if）。 3.定引导词：根据语境意义选择（如 “是否” 用 whether/if；“…… 的事物” 用 what）。 4.查规则：核实语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应、引导词特殊用法（如介词后不用 if）。 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. It is no use ________ (argue) with someone who is obstinate and refuses to listen. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查固定句型。It is no use doing sth. 为高频固定结构，表“做某事无用”，动名词作真正主语，argue 的动名词形式为 arguing。 2. What surprised the whole class most ________ (be) his outstanding performance in the national English competition. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；结合语境“全班最惊讶的是他的表现”，用一般现在时 is 表客观事实。 3. The question we are discussing now is ________ we can overcome the difficulty within a week. 【答案】how 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。从句缺“方式”含义，how 表“如何”，符合“讨论如何一周内克服困难”的语境；what 需在从句中作主语/宾语，此处逻辑不完整，故不选。 4. I consider ________ essential that we should preview the new lesson before class. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。consider 后接“it + 形容词 + that 从句”结构，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的 that 从句，避免句子结构失衡。 5. ________ the team will win the championship depends on their joint efforts and tactical arrangements. 【答案】Whether 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。表“是否”时，主语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if；句首首字母大写，故填 Whether。 二、翻译句子 1. 我们是否应该参加这个国际交流项目取决于个人兴趣和语言能力。（主语从句） 【译文】Whether we should participate in this international exchange program depends on our personal interests and language abilities. 【解析】主语从句用 Whether 引导（表“是否”，主语从句中不用 if）；“参加国际交流项目”译为 participate in this international exchange program，“语言能力”用复数 language abilities 表泛指，符合高二词汇要求。 2. 老师提醒我们，良好的学习习惯对提升成绩起着关键作用。（宾语从句） 【译文】Teachers remind us that good learning habits play a key role in improving our academic performance. 【解析】宾语从句用 that 引导（句意完整，that 无实际含义）；“提醒”译为 remind，“良好的学习习惯”译为 good learning habits，“起关键作用”用固定短语 play a key role in，后接动名词 improving。 3. 他能在短时间内适应新环境的原因是他善于沟通且心态开放。（表语从句） 【译文】The reason why he can adapt to the new environment in a short time is that he is good at communicating and has an open mind. 【解析】表语从句用 that 引导（The reason is that... 为固定结构）；“适应新环境”译为 adapt to the new environment，“善于沟通”译为 be good at communicating，“心态开放”译为 have an open mind，从句结构完整、逻辑通顺。 三、单项选择 1．（24-25高二上·上海嘉定·期末）It is still a mystery _____ the ancient civilization disappeared without leaving a trace. A．which B．what C．when D．how 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：古代文明是如何消失得无影无踪的，至今仍是个谜。It为形式主语，真正的主语是从句_____ the ancient civilization disappeared without leaving a trace，从句中不缺少成分，应用连接副词，空处意为“如何”，用how连接主语从句，故选D。 2．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）________ is no possibility ________ a foreigner can be elected to the Congress. A．There, that B．It, that C．There, whether D．It, whether 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：没有可能一个外国人被选入国会。there is possibility that...有...可能，possibility后跟that引导的同位语从句。故选A。 3．（14-15高二上·上海·期末）_____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句引导词。句意：我们明天是否去露营取决于天气。空处引导主语从句，表示“是否”应用Whether引导。故选B。 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）As is often the case, _____ makes mistakes must correct them. A．whoever B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，无论谁犯了错误都必须改正。A. whoever无论谁；B. whatever无论什么；C. whichever无论哪一个；D. whenever无论何时。空处引导主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语，根据语境可知，此处表示“无论谁犯了错误都要改正”，所以用whoever“无论谁”引导该从句。故选A。 5．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）________ determines a good meal varies from country to country. A．That B．What C．How D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：决定一顿好饭的标准因国家而异。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，此处指的是事物，所以使用连接代词what。故选B项。 6．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）What made the school proud was ________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A．because B．why C．whether D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让学校感到骄傲的是90%以上的学生都被重点大学录取了。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导从句。故选D项。 7．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）________ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. A．Whoever B．No matter who C．Anyone D．Who 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：无论谁赢得选举，都将面临一项艰难的工作，即让经济重新站稳脚跟。分析句子，设空处引导的是主语从句，此处表示“无论谁”用whoever。故选A。 8．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）It is a pity ________ I can’t afford this cool car. A．how B．what C．that D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：真遗憾，我买不起这辆酷车。分析句子可知，该句为固定句型It is a pity that…“真遗憾……”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故选C项。 9．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）It hasn’t been decided ________ will be our headmaster. A．which B．what C．who D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谁当我们的校长还没有决定。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，此处指的是人，所以应使用连接代词who。故选C项。 10．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）A latest survey reveals that two-thirds of the public schools in LA County have made ________ students shall wear uniforms at school. A．a rule that B．it a rule that C．a rule D．it a rule 【答案】B 【详解】考查代词和宾语从句。句意：最近的一项调查显示，洛杉矶县三分之二的公立学校规定学生在学校必须穿校服。分析句子，设空处构成make it+名词+that的结构，该结构中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that引导的从句。故选B。 11．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Legend has it _________monsters live the Kanas Lake’s depth and they often drag drinking horses and camels into the water before swallowing them. A．that B．what C．when D．as 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：传说中，怪物生活在喀纳斯湖深处，它们经常把喝水的马和骆驼拖下水，然后吞下它们。Legend has it that…是一个固定句型，表示“有这样的传说；据传说……”，that引导的从句和legend是同位语的关系。故选A。 12．（23-24高二上·上海·期末） attended the premiere(首映) of this new play is sure to tell the show is worthy twice. A．Whoever has…to be watched B．Whoever has…watching C．Those who have…to be watched D．Those who have…watching 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和固定短语。句意：无论谁看过这部新剧的首演，都一定会说这部戏值得看两遍。分析句子结构可知，如果已空出用Whoever，则是Whoever引导的主语从句，谓语动词为is，符合题意，如果一空词处用Those who则是who引导的定语从句，those做本句主语，为复数，后不能用is，所以错误，二空处为固定短语：be worthy to do sth.意为“值得做某事”，且watch的逻辑主语是show，两者是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故选A项。 13．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The most widely accepted theory about _________ the Middle East has large oil reserves is that the region was not always a vast desert. A．which B．that C．why D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：关于中东拥有大量石油储备的原因，最被广泛接受的理论是，该地区并不总是一片广阔的沙漠。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，所以用连接副词why引导。故选C。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _____________ is now northwestern of Wyoming. 2.When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes __________ she encounters all the way is an impressive gift. 3.Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea ____________ he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster! 4.The best times were ___________ they had sleepovers(借宿, 在别人家过夜) and could sit up late talking about anything and everything and everywhere. 5.An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds(化合物) is ___________ makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. 6.Breathwork is thought to influence the vagus nerve(迷走神经), which stretches from the brain to the gut and make up the majority of ___________ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system. 7.It is believed ___________ students do at college seems to matter much more than __________ they go. 8.You can put it ____________ it was arranged before. 9.___________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today’s society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to inner beauty. 10.40 grams of meat per day is ____________ people should consume in order to stay fit. 11.He never finishes anything, which is ______________ he’s considered more of a talker than a doer. 12.To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honor; it should be given to ___________ we think has made the greatest contribution. 1. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词 in 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“现在怀俄明州西北部的地方”，用 what 充当主语，表“……的事物/地方”。 2. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。believes 后接宾语从句，从句中 encounters 缺少宾语，指代“她一路上遇到的所有事物”，用 what 充当宾语。 3. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句引导词。idea 后接同位语从句，解释说明 idea 的具体内容（“想要和太阳赛跑”），从句句意完整、不缺成分，用 that 引导（同位语从句中 that 不可省略）。 4. 【答案】when 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。were 后接表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，指代“他们借宿的时光”，用 when 表“……的时候”，贴合“熬夜聊天”的语境。 5. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。is 后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让烟花呈现漂亮颜色和形状的物质”，用 what 充当主语。 6. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词 of 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“被称为副交感神经系统的部分”，用 what 充当主语，构成“what is known as...”固定表达（表“被称为……的事物”）。 7. 【答案】what; where 【解析】第一空考查主语从句引导词：It is believed 后接主语从句，从句中 do 缺少宾语，用 what 指代“学生在大学做的事情”；第二空考查宾语从句引导词：than 后接宾语从句，从句中 go 缺少地点状语，用 where 指代“他们去的大学”。 8. 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。put it 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，指代“它之前被安排的位置”，用 where 表“……的地方”。 9. 【答案】That 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。从句“beauty comes from within”句意完整、不缺成分，作句子主语，用 That 引导（主语从句位于句首时，That 不可省略，首字母大写）。 10. 【答案】what 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。is 后接表语从句，从句中 consume 缺少宾语，指代“人们为了保持健康应该摄入的量”，用 what 充当宾语。 11. 【答案】why 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。is 后接表语从句，从句解释前文“他从不完成任何事”的结果（“为什么被认为是说得多做得少”），用 why 表“……的原因”。 12. 【答案】who 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。to 后接宾语从句，从句中 has made 缺少主语；we think 是插入语，指代“我们认为做出最大贡献的人”，用 who 充当主语（指人且作主语，不用 whom）。 二、选择题 1. ______ in the sun for too long is bad for your skin.（ ） A. Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat 答案：B（解析：-ing形式可作主语表抽象动作，符合句子结构要求。A是动词原形，不能直接作主语；C是不定式，虽可作主语但更侧重具体某次动作，此处无特指；D是过去式，无法作主语，故排除A、C、D） 2. He is interested in ______ stamps.（ ） A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected 答案：B（解析：固定搭配be interested in中，in是介词，后接-ing形式作宾语。A是动词原形，C是不定式，D是过去式/过去分词，均不满足介词后接动名词的要求，故排除A、C、D） 3. The news is ______. We are all ______ at it.（ ） A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprised C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising 答案：C（解析：现在分词surprising用于描述事物的性质，意为“令人惊讶的”；过去分词surprised用于描述人的感受，意为“感到惊讶的”。A中第二个surprising误用于人；B中第一个surprising误用于事；D中两者逻辑颠倒，故排除A、B、D） 4. I don’t know ______ he will come or not.（ ） A. if B. whether C. that D. what 答案：B（解析：与or not连用时，只能用whether引导宾语从句。A项if不能与or not直接连用；C项that引导宾语从句时无“是否”含义；D项what在从句中需作成分，而此处从句不缺主宾表，故排除A、C、D） 5. ______ hard, you will make progress.（ ） A. Work B. Working C. To work D. Worked 答案：B（解析：-ing形式作条件状语时，逻辑主语与主句主语you一致，表“如果努力”。A是动词原形，单独使用构成祈使句，需用连词连接主句；C是不定式，表目的时语义不符；D是过去分词，逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，故排除A、C、D） 6. He suggested ______ to the cinema this evening.（ ） A. go B. going C. to go D. gone 答案：B（解析：固定搭配suggest后接-ing形式作宾语，意为“建议做某事”。A是动词原形，C是不定式，D是过去分词，均不符合suggest的用法要求，故排除A、C、D） 7. ______ the project, they had a party.（ ） A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Having completed 答案：D（解析：-ing形式的完成式Having completed表动作先于主句动作发生，符合“完成项目后举办派对”的逻辑。A是现在分词，表动作与主句同时发生；B是动词原形，不能作状语；C是不定式，表目的时语义不符，故排除A、B、C） 8. The reason why he was late is ______ he missed the bus.（ ） A. that B. because C. why D. what 答案：A（解析：固定句式The reason why...is that...中，that引导表语从句，说明原因内容。B项because不能与reason连用（语义重复）；C项why引导表语从句时表“原因”，与句式要求不符；D项what在从句中需作成分，此处从句不缺主宾表，故排除B、C、D） 9. It’s worthwhile ______ the film again.（ ） A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 答案：B（解析：固定句型It’s worthwhile doing sth. 表示“做某事是值得的”。A是动词原形，C是不定式（虽偶尔可用但非最佳选项），D是过去式，均不满足句型要求，故排除A、C、D） 10. She devotes all her time to ______ her students.（ ） A. teach B. teaching C. to teach D. taught 答案：B（解析：固定搭配devote...to...中，to是介词，后接-ing形式作宾语。A是动词原形，C是不定式，D是过去式/过去分词，均不符合介词后接动名词的规则，故排除A、C、D） 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、根据语境，用适当的连接词完成下列名词性从句 1. As John Lennon once said, life is _________________________________(发生在你身上的事情) while you are busy making other plans. 【答案】what happens to you 【解析】what引导表语从句，在从句中作主语，表“……的事情”。“happen to”是高二上册必修核心短语，从句为简单陈述句，符合基础语法考点，排除用that（无指代意义）、which（需有选择范围）的情况。 2. ________________________________(苏珊向我表明) she wished to make a new life for herself. 【答案】What Susan has shown me is that 【解析】What引导主语从句（在从句中作shown的宾语），that引导表语从句（仅起连接作用，无实际含义）。句型结构贴合高二复合句入门难度，“show”为基础词汇，避免复杂从句嵌套。 3. ______________________________________(毫无疑问) more sleep is a good thing, but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day? 【答案】There is no doubt that 【解析】固定句型“There is no doubt that...”是高二上册重点句型，that引导同位语从句解释doubt的内容。词汇简单易掌握，无需替换，排除用if（不能引导同位语从句）、whether（此处无“是否”含义）的情况。 4. What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________________________________(为什么她总是有那么多疯狂的想法). 【答案】why she always has so many funny ideas 【解析】why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。将“crazy”改为高二基础词“funny”，降低词汇难度，从句用陈述语序（核心考点），排除用how（表方式，语义不符）的情况。 5. A modern city has been set up in ________________________________(十年前荒废的地方) 【答案】where there was a waste land ten years ago 【解析】where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。“waste land”为基础表达，替代较难的“wasteland”，从句时态与时间状语“ten years ago”一致，排除用which（需作定语修饰名词）的情况。 6. Generally speaking, he is a good student ________________________________(除了不时的有点粗心大意外). 【答案】except that he is a bit careless from time to time 【解析】except后接that引导的宾语从句，that不可省略。“careless”“from time to time”均为必修核心词汇和短语，符合水平要求，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况。 7. _____________________________(无关紧要) he comes for the meeting or not. 【答案】It doesn’t matter whether 【解析】It作形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句，且与or not连用（高二重点考点）。“It doesn’t matter”为常用句型，无需调整，排除用if（不能与or not直接连用）的情况。 8. It is often the case _____________________________(一切皆有可能) for those who hang on to hope. 【答案】that anything is possible 【解析】that引导同位语从句，解释说明case的具体内容。“possible”为基础词，从句结构简单，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况，符合高二学生对同位语从句的掌握程度。 9. The infrastructure of a country is ___________________________________(使得一切能正常运行的东西), including things like transport, water supply, electricity and schools. 【答案】what makes everything work normally 【解析】what引导表语从句，在从句中作主语。将“irrigation”改为基础词“water supply”，“work normally”为简单表达，从句无复杂结构，排除用that（无指代意义）的情况。 10. The reason why he failed time and again is__________________________________(因为他不够努力) 【答案】that he doesn’t work hard enough 【解析】固定句型“The reason why...is that...”，that引导表语从句（不用because，避免语义重复）。“work hard enough”为基础表达，贴合学生认知，排除用because（语法结构错误）的情况。 二、根据题后所给的要求改写句子 11. His parents love him so much that anything he likes will be given to him immediately. (将画线部分改成主语从句) His parents love him so much that _____________________________________ will be given to him immediately. 【答案】what he likes 【解析】用what引导主语从句替代原“anything he likes”（定语从句结构），what在从句中作宾语，是高二上册“定语从句转名词性从句”基础考点，排除用that（无指代意义）的情况。 12. Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? The relevant information is available in our guide. (用表语从句改写) Why not read our guide to apply to a university abroad? This is _____________________________________. 【答案】where the relevant information is available 【解析】where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语，对应原句“in our guide”。“relevant information”为高二基础词汇短语，从句用陈述语序，排除用that（无地点含义）的情况。 13. Any book he bought here would be paid in cash. (将画线部分改成主语从句) ________________________________________ would be paid in cash. 【答案】Whatever book he bought here 【解析】用whatever引导主语从句，相当于“any book that...”，whatever在从句中修饰book，符合名词性从句与定语从句转换考点，词汇难度适中，排除用what（不能修饰名词）的情况。 14. He is absent from school. His father is badly ill in hospital. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) The reason why he is absent from school _______________________________________________________. 【答案】is that his father is badly ill in hospital 【解析】遵循“The reason why...is that...”句型，that引导同位语从句解释reason的内容。从句为简单陈述句，符合高二学生复合句合并能力，排除用because（语法结构错误）的情况。 15. When you go by train, you’d better take an express that only stops at big stations. Please see to it. (将两句合并为含有宾语从句的主从句) When you go by train, please ___________________________________ that only stops at big stations. 【答案】see to it that you take an express 【解析】固定结构“see to it that...”，that引导宾语从句（不可省略）。“see to it”为高二上册重点短语（意为“确保”），合并后逻辑连贯，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况。 16. He is not coming for the meeting. I’ve just got word. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) I’ve just got word _______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】that he is not coming for the meeting 【解析】word后接that引导的同位语从句，解释消息的具体内容，that不可省略。从句用陈述语序（核心考点），词汇简单，符合高二学生对同位语从句的运用要求，排除用whether（无“是否”含义）的情况。 17. Online courses provide a wonderful model. We call the model high-tech learning, which helps students have access to web-based resources. (用宾语从句改写) Online courses provide a wonderful model of _________________________________, which helps students have access to web-based resources. 【答案】what we call high-tech learning 【解析】将“Massive open online courses”简化为基础表达“Online courses”，what引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，相当于“the model that we call...”，结构简洁，排除用that（需作定语从句引导词）的情况。 18. The manager has decided to promote those persons. He thinks they are energetic and clever in the positions of the leadership of the company. (用宾语从句改写) The manager has decided to promote ____________ he thinks _________________________ of the leadership of the company. 【答案】those who; are energetic and clever in the positions 【解析】who引导定语从句修饰those，后半部分为省略that的宾语从句（作thinks的宾语）。词汇均为高二基础词，符合“定语从句+宾语从句”复合结构考点，排除用what（不能修饰those）的情况。 19. Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job. She owes the world a visit. (将两句合并为含有同位语从句的主从句) Many netizens are impressed with a teacher’s excuse for quitting her job_______________________________. 【答案】that she wants to travel around the world 【解析】将“owes the world a visit”改为高二基础表达“wants to travel around the world”，that引导同位语从句说明excuse的内容，that不可省略，排除用why（表原因，语义不符）的情况。 20. The old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. It is known to us all. (将两句合并为含有主语从句的主从句) ____________________________________ the old worker, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his late seventies. 【答案】It is known to us all that 【解析】It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句（从句含非限制性定语从句，难度符合高二上册进阶要求）。“It is known to us all that...”为常用句型，学生易掌握，排除用what（需在从句中作成分）的情况。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. ______ the team can overcome the challenges and achieve the goal remains uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. What 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，表“团队是否能克服挑战并达成目标”，主语从句中表“是否”只能用whether，if不能引导主语从句，that无此语义，what需充当从句成分，故填B。 2. We still can’t figure out ______ he changed his mind suddenly without any reason. A. that B. what C. why D. who 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。figure out后接宾语从句，从句主谓结构完整（he changed his mind），缺少表“原因”的状语，结合语义“为什么突然无故改变主意”，用why引导，故填C。 3. The biggest challenge we are facing now is ______ we can balance academic pressure and extracurricular activities. A. that B. if C. whether D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。系动词is后接表语从句，结合语义“如何平衡学业压力和课外活动”，从句中缺少表“方式”的状语，that无此语义，if不能引导表语从句，whether表“是否”不符合语境，故填D。 4. It’s universally acknowledged ______ perseverance and hard work are the keys to success. A. that B. which C. what D. when 【答案】A 【解析】考查形式主语相关的主语从句引导词。此处为“it is + 形容词 + that从句”结构，it作形式主语，真正主语是that引导的从句，从句成分完整、语义明确，故填A。 5. The interviewer asked the candidate ______ he had any work experience related to the position. A. that B. what C. whether D. where 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。asked后接宾语从句，结合语义“是否有与该职位相关的工作经验”，表“是否”用whether，故填C。 6. ______ impressed the judges most was her fluent English and confident performance. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让评委印象最深刻的事物”，that不充当成分，which表“哪一个”有范围限定，who指代人，均不符合语境，故填A。 7. Many experts consider ______ essential that students develop critical thinking skills in senior high school. A. this B. that C. it D. what 【答案】C 【解析】考查形式宾语。consider后接复合宾语，真正宾语是that引导的从句，需用it作形式宾语，构成“consider it + 形容词 + that从句”结构，this、that、what均不能作形式宾语，故填C。 8. The reason why he was awarded the scholarship is ______ he has made outstanding achievements in both study and social practice. A. because B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。此处为“The reason why...is that...”固定句型，that引导表语从句解释原因，because不能与reason搭配引导表语从句，故填B。 9. Do you have any idea ______ the ancient cultural relics were preserved so well for thousands of years? A. when B. that C. what D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。have any idea后接宾语从句，从句中缺少表“方式”的状语，询问“古代文物如何保存数千年”，that不充当成分，what需作主语或宾语，when表“时间”不符合语境，故填D。 10. ______ we learn from the failure is more valuable than the success itself. A. That B. What C. Which D. How 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，从句中learn缺少宾语，指代“从失败中吸取的教训”，that不充当成分，which表“哪一个”，how表“方式”，均不符合语境，故填B。 二、语法填空（10题） 11. No one can predict ______ technological changes will influence our daily life in the next decade. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。predict后接宾语从句，从句中主谓宾结构完整（technological changes will influence our daily life），缺少表“方式”的状语，结合语义“技术变革将如何影响日常生活”，用how引导，故填how。 12. ______ is crucial for teenagers to cultivate a sense of responsibility towards family and society. 【答案】It 【解析】考查形式主语。此处为“it is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth”结构，it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语，首字母大写，故填It。 13. She hasn’t determined ______ to pursue further study abroad or start working after graduation. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。determined后接宾语从句，结合“or”表“是否”，与“or”连用表“是否”只能用whether，故填whether。 14. The professor explained ______ we should attach great importance to logical thinking in academic research. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。explained后接宾语从句，从句“we should attach great importance to logical thinking”成分完整、语义明确，that无词义仅起连接作用，故填that。 15. I wonder ______ the environmental protection policy will be effectively implemented in rural areas. 【答案】whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。wonder后接宾语从句，表“环保政策是否会在农村有效实施”，宾语从句中表“是否”可用whether或if，故填whether/if。 16. ______ he has devoted himself to scientific research for over 30 years inspires young people a lot. 【答案】That 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句子主语为从句，从句“he has devoted himself to scientific research for over 30 years”成分完整，that无词义仅起连接作用，引导主语从句，首字母大写，故填That。 17. Could you inform me ______ I can obtain the detailed information about the international exchange program? 【答案】where/how 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。inform后接宾语从句，从句中主谓宾结构完整，缺少表“地点”或“方式”的状语，询问“在哪里/如何获取交换项目详情”，用where或how引导均可，故填where/how。 18. It’s still a mystery ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly without leaving enough clues. 【答案】why 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。此处为“it is + 名词 + why从句”结构，it作形式主语，结合语义“古代文明为何突然消失且未留足够线索”，用why引导主语从句，故填why。 19. The manager thinks ______ significant that the company should invest more in technological innovation. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。thinks后接复合宾语，真正宾语是that引导的从句，用it作形式宾语，构成“think it + 形容词 + that从句”结构，故填it。 20. The debate focuses on ______ online education can completely replace traditional classroom teaching. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。系动词on后接表语从句，结合语义“在线教育是否能完全取代传统课堂教学”，表语从句中表“是否”用whether，故填whether。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、选择题 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示“谷歌可能做的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A．where B．whether C．whose D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：最近，科学家们开始就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样“思考”展开辩论。A. where哪里；B. whether是否；C. whose谁的；D. which哪一个。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，用连接代词whether引导宾语从句。故选 B。 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A．how B．what C．why D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be. A．when B．where C．what D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas. A．whether B．why C．what D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所……的事儿；D. when什么……的时间。该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。表示“为什么”用why。故选B项。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. A．that B．what C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故选B项。 二、翻译 1．（24-25高二上·上海普陀·期末）Smith 太太常对我抱怨，她发现自己与女儿无法沟通。(complain) (汉译英) 【答案】Mrs Smith always complains to me that she finds it hard to communicate with her daughter. 【详解】考查宾语从句。表示“Smith太太”应用Mrs Smith；表示“经常”应用often；表示“对我抱怨”应用complain to me，此处表示经常性的动作，使用一般现在时，主语为Mrs Smith，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，后面接that引导的宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义；表示“她”应用she；表示“发现自己与女儿无法沟通”应用find it hard to communicate with her daughter，此处find使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式；it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。故翻译成：Mrs Smith always complains to me that she finds it hard to communicate with her daughter.。 2．（24-25高二上·上海黄浦·期末）我觉得把时间花在能带来快乐和满足感的爱好上很值得。（worthwhile）(汉译英) 【答案】I think it’s worthwhile to spend time on hobbies that can bring happiness and satisfaction. 【详解】考查短语、时态、宾语从句和定语从句。“我觉得”翻译为I think，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用关系代词that或省略；“做……是值得的”用句型it’s worthwhile to do sth.；“把时间花在……”用短语spend time on sth.；“爱好”用名词hobby，泛指，用复数形式，后接定语从句，先行词hobbies在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导；“带来快乐和满足感”翻译为 bring happiness and satisfaction；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为I think it’s worthwhile to spend time on hobbies that can bring happiness and satisfaction. 3．（23-24高二上·上海黄浦·期末）令我们无比感动的是, 尽管道路险阻, 警察们最终成功营救了困在雪地的游客们。(despite)(汉译英) 【答案】What made us moved/touched a lot was that the police finally managed to rescue the tourists trapped in the snow despite the dangerous and difficult / rough road. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句和时态。本句在陈述过去的事实，为一般过去时。令我们无比感动的是翻译为主语从句What made us moved/touched a lot ，系动词为was后接表语从句，从句句意和句子完整，连接词为that。表语从句的主语为 the police，manage to do sth“设法做某事”，营救了困在雪地的游客们翻译为“rescue the tourists trapped in the snow despite the dangerous and difficult / rough road”，其中过去分词作后置定语。故翻译为：What made us moved/touched a lot was that the police finally managed to rescue the tourists trapped in the snow despite the dangerous and difficult / rough road. 4．（23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末）研究人员想弄清楚经常与动物接触是否能帮助人们有效减轻压力。(exposure) (汉译英) 【答案】Researchers want to figure out whether/if constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress. 【详解】考查名词、固定短语、宾语从句、动词时态。表示“研究人员”用researcher，结合句意可知，研究人员不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作主语；表示“想弄清楚”用want to figure out，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Researchers，故谓语用动词原形；表示“暴露于，接触”用exposure to，其中to为介词；表示“减少压力”用reduce their stress，因此表示“经常与动物接触是否能帮助人们有效减轻压力”用从句whether/if constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress，作figure out的宾语，其中从句主语为constant exposure to animals“持续接触动物”。故翻译为：Researchers want to figure out whether/if constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress. 5．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）我没想到他这样自律的学生这个暑假也会沉迷网络游戏，好多作业都没动。(abandon) （汉译英） 【答案】I didn’t think that such a self-disciplined student would also abandon himself to online games this summer vacation, leaving a lot of homework untouched. 【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“我”为I，在句中作主语，“没想到”翻译为didn’t think，在句中作谓语动词，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。“他这样自律的学生”翻译为such a self-disciplined student，在从句中作主语，“沉迷”用短语abandon oneself to，在句中作谓语动词；“网络游戏”翻译为online games，在从句中作宾语。“这个暑假”翻译为this summer vacation，在从句中作时间状语。“好多作业都没动”翻译为leaving a lot of homework untouched，在句中作状语。根据句意，故翻译为I didn’t think that such a self-disciplined student would also abandon himself to online games this summer vacation, leaving a lot of homework untouched. 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）据预测，野生老虎的数量将在未来十年因它们栖息地的改变而骤减。 (decline) (汉译英) 【答案】It is predicted that the number of wild tigers will decline dramatically due to the changes of their habitat in the next decade. 【详解】考查主语从句和动词时态。表示“据预测”应用固定句型it is predicted that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句；表示“野生老虎的数量”应用the number of wild tigers；表示“骤减”应用decline dramatically，此处使用一般将来时；表示“未来十年”应用in the next decade；表示“因它们栖息地的改变”应用due to the changes of their habitat。故翻译成：It is predicted that the number of wild tigers will decline dramatically due to the changes of their habitat in the next decade. 7．（23-24高二上·上海嘉定·期末）你知道谁应该为这场严重的事故负责吗? (blame) (汉译英) 【答案】Do you know who should be to blame for this serious accident? 【详解】考查疑问句和固定搭配。“你知道……吗？”翻译为Do you know...？know后面跟who引导的宾语从句；“应该”用情态动词should，“为……负责”用be to blame for表示，情态动词后用动词原形，“这次严重的事故”翻译为this serious accident。故整句翻译为Do you know who should be to blame for this serious accident? 8．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）专家指出，错误的语言观会对语言学习产生负面影响。(impact n.)(汉译英) 【答案】Experts point out that incorrect language beliefs can have a negative impact on language learning. 【详解】考查短语、时态和宾语从句。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时，表示“专家”应用experts；表示“指出”应用point out；“错误的语言观会对语言学习产生负面影响”可处理为that引导的宾语从句，“错误的语言观”表达为incorrect language beliefs，表示“会”应用can；“对……有负面影响”表达为 have a negative impact on，位于情态动词后使用动词原形；表示“语言学习”应用language learning。故翻译为Experts point out that incorrect language beliefs can have a negative impact on language learning. 9．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）食物的外观或触感，也就是它的质地，也会影响人们对它的态度。 (influence) (汉译英) 【答案】How the food looks or feels, that is, its texture, will also influence people’s attitudes towards it. 【详解】考查主语从句和动词时态。表示“事物的外观或触感”应用How the food looks or feels，此处使用how引导主语从句，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“也就是它的质地”应用that is, its texture；表示“也会影响”应用also influence，此处使用一般将来时；表示“人们对它的态度”应用people’s attitudes towards it。故翻译成：How the food looks or feels, that is, its texture, will also influence people’s attitudes towards it. 10．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）一些用户担心父母、老师、未来的雇主和同龄人会怎么看待他们。 (concern) (汉译英) 【答案】Some users are concerned about what parents, teachers, future employers and peers might think about them. 【详解】考查动词时态和主语从句。表示“一些用户”应用some users；表示“担心”应用be concerned about，此处使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，be动词用are；表示“父母、老师、未来的雇主和同龄人会怎么看待他们”应用what parents, teachers, future employers and peers might think about them，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作动词think的宾语。故翻译成：Some users are concerned about what parents, teachers, future employers and peers might think about them. 11．（24-25高二上·上海浦东新·期末）本次展览的独特之处在于它涵盖了古埃及文明的各个方面，参观者们徜徉在历史的长河中，为古人的智慧所折服。(where) (汉译英) 【答案】The uniqueness of this exhibition lies in the fact that it covers all aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization, where visitors wander through the river of history and are awed by the wisdom of the ancients. 【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句以及时态。根据句意可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。“本次展览的独特之处”为The uniqueness of this exhibition，作主语；“在于”为lie in，作谓语。“事实”为the fact。后接that引导的同位语从句。“它涵盖了古埃及文明的各个方面”为 it covers all aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization；ancient Egyptian civilization同时为先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，关系副词为where。“参观者们徜徉在历史的长河中，为古人的智慧所折服”为visitors wander through the river of history and are awed by the wisdom of the ancients。故翻译为：The uniqueness of this exhibition lies in the fact that it covers all aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization, where visitors wander through the river of history and are awed by the wisdom of the ancients. 12．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）为了确保每个人都能公平地使用学习室，学生们决定轮流预约，这样每个人都能享受 到安静且专注的学习环境。(turn)(汉译英) 【答案】To ensure that everyone can use the study room fairly, students decide to take turns making reservations so that each of them can enjoy a quiet and focused learning environment. 【详解】考查不定式、动词短语、目的状语从句、形容词和名词。表示“确保”应用动词ensure，此处应用不定式形式作目的状语，ensure that...意为“确保……”，that引导宾语从句，表示“更公平地使用”应用动词短语use...fairly，表示“学习室”应用名词短语 the study room ，作use的宾语，表示“决定做某事”应用动词短语decide to do...，不定式作宾语，表示“轮流做某事”应用动词短语take turns doing sth.，此处应用不定式形式作decide的宾语，表示“预约”应用动词短语make reservations，此处应用动名词形式作take turns的宾语，表示“这样就能……”应用so that引导目的状语从句，从句主语为each of them，表示“享受到”应用动词enjoy，表示“安静且专注的学习环境”应用名词短语a quiet and focused learning environment，其中quiet 和focused为形容词作定语，故翻译为To ensure that everyone can use the study room fairly, students decide to take turns making reservations so that each of them can enjoy a quiet and focused learning environment。 13．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）多亏了可靠的资源，这信息才有可能为大众所用，这意味着语言塑造了我们的思维方式。（available）(汉译英) 【答案】Thanks to reliable resources, this information has been made available to the public, which means that language shapes the way we think. 【详解】考查形容词、介词短语和定语从句。表示“多亏了”应用thanks to，为介词短语；表示“可靠的资源”应用reliable resources，作介词后宾语；表示“这信息才有可能为大众所用”中“信息”是information，“有可能为大众所用”即“使大众能获取到信息”，用make sth. available to sb.结构，因information和make是被动关系，结合语境强调信息现在处于能为大众所用的状态，强调对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，即has been made available to，“大众”the public；“这意味着语言塑造了我们的思维方式”用非限制性定语从句which means that...，which指代前面整个句子，means是谓语动词，后接that引导的宾语从句，从句主语“语言”language，谓语“塑造”shape，从句使用一般现在时表示客观事实，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，后接宾语“方式”the way，the way后接省略that引导的定语从句“我们思考的”we think。故翻译为Thanks to reliable resources, this information has been made available to the public, which means that language shapes the way we think. 14．（23-24高二上·上海徐汇·期末）这位前世界冠军向我们证明，一个小小的决定可能产生巨大的影响。 (difference) （汉译英） 【答案】The former world champion proved to us that a small decision could make a big difference. 【详解】考查短语、时态和宾语从句。“这位前世界冠军”翻译为The former world champion，在句中作主语；“向某人证明”用短语prove to sb.，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意文章，所以用连接代词that引导；“一个小小的决定”翻译为a small decision；“产生巨大的影响”用短语make a big difference。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故翻译为The former world champion proved to us that a small decision could make a big difference. 15．（23-24高二上·上海徐汇·期末）预计有数百万家庭将受益于智慧家系统。(predict) (汉译英) 【答案】It is predicted that millions of families will benefit from the smart home system. 【详解】考查主语从句、动词（短语）、名词短语和形容词。“预计……”可表达为it is predicted that…，描述当前的情况，用一般现在时，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；从句描述将来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，主语“数百万家庭”可用名词短语millions of families，“受益于”可用动词短语benefit from，“智慧家系统”可用名词短语the smart home system。故可译为：It is predicted that millions of families will benefit from the smart home system. 16．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）说不同语言的人是否会有不同的思维方式，这个问题已经争论了数千年。(What) (汉译英) 【答案】What has been discussed for thousands of years is the problem of whether those who speak different languages have different ways of thinking. 【详解】考查名词性从句和定语从句。给定句子可转换语序，将“已经争论了数千年的东西”作为句子主语，使用what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，句首单词首字母大写，“争论”discuss，由“已经”可知，从句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，且discuss与what之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，即has been discussed，“数千年”for thousands of years；主句陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词为be，what引导从句作主语，be动词使用is，表语“……的问题”译为the problem of，后接宾语从句，使用whether“是否”引导宾语从句，从句主语“说不同语言的人”those who speak different languages，其中who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，谓语同样用一般现在时描述客观事实，“有”译为have，从句主语是those，谓语动词使用原形形式，后接宾语“不同的思维方式”different ways of thinking。故翻译为What has been discussed for thousands of years is the problem of whether those who speak different languages have different ways of thinking. 17．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）结果这位诺贝尔奖的获得者把他的成功归功于他不灰心并且迎难而上直面挑战。（turn out）(汉译英) 【答案】It turned out that the Nobel Prize winner attributed his success to his not losing heart and facing up to challenges. 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时表过去情况，表示“结果”应用it turned out that，it为形式主语，that后为主语从句；表示“这位诺贝尔奖的获得者”应用the Nobel Prize winner，在从句中作主语；表示“把……归功于”应用attributed...to，为固定搭配；表示“他的成功”应用his success，在本句中作宾语；表示“他不灰心并且迎难而上直面挑战”应用his not losing heart and facing up to challenges，这里为动名词的复合结构，在这里作介词后宾语。故翻译为It turned out that the Nobel Prize winner attributed his success to his not losing heart and facing up to challenges. 18．（24-25高二上·上海嘉定·期末）公司声称最新的移动电子设备对用户很友好，连老人都很容易用。(claim+宾语从句) 【答案】The company claims that the latest mobile electronic devices are friendly to users and that even elderly people can use them easily. 【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。表示“公司”应用名词company，作主语，此处表示特指，前面加定冠词the，位于句首，单词首字母需大写；表示“声称”应用动词claim，句子描述一个客观事实，时态需用一般现在时，主语为The company，为单数主语，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；后接that引导的宾语从句，表示“最新的移动电子设备”应用名词短语the latest mobile electronic devices，作宾语从句的主语；表示“对用户很友好”应用动词短语be friendly to users，宾语从句主语为the latest mobile electronic devices是复数，故系动词需应are；连词and连接并列的宾语从句，从句由that引导，表示“老人”应用名词短语elderly people，作后面宾语从句的主语，表示“都很容易用”应用动词短语can use them easily，副词easily修饰动词use。故翻译为The company claims that the latest mobile electronic devices are friendly to users and that even elderly people can use them easily. 19．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）通常让我们无法专注眼前工作的不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑。(…not…but…) (汉译英) 【答案】Often what distracts us from the work at hand is not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句以及并列连词。根据句意，表示“通常”为often作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“让我们无法专注眼前工作的”可以理解为“让我们从眼前工作中分神的”，使用what引导的主语从句，what在句中作主语，表示“使某人从某事物中分神”为distract sb. from sth.，结合句意，此处表示经常发生的动作，使用一般现在时，主语为what，所以谓语动词为单数形式，表示“眼前工作”可译为the work at hand，所以，主语从句可译为Often what distracts us from the work at hand；根据提示，表示“不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑”应为“not…but…”连接的并列结构，表示“是”为be动词，用于一般现在时，主语从句作主语，谓语动词为单数，所以be动词为is；表示“周遭发生的事情”描述的是当前正在进行的动作，所以使用现在进行时，该句可使用what引导的表语从句，可译为what is happening around us；表示“自己内心的躁动和焦虑”为our own inner agitation and anxiety与what is happening around us使用“not…but…”连接，所以表语部分译为not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety。故翻译为Often what distracts us from the work at hand is not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety. 20．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）尽管这个科学家没有把实验的失败怪在她身上，但大家都意识到性别歧视导致了这一切。（Despite）(汉译英) 【答案】Despite the fact that the scientist didn’t blame her for the failure of the experiment, everyone was aware that gender discrimination led to all this. 【详解】考查同位语从句、宾语从句和时态。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“尽管”用despite，后接名词the fact，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容；blame sb. for sth. (因某事责备某人)，the failure of the experiment (实验的失败)，表示“这个科学家没有把实验的失败怪在她身上”用the scientist didn’t blame her for the failure of the experiment；be aware that... (意识到)，表示“大家都意识到”用everyone was aware，后接that引导的宾语从句；gender discrimination (性别歧视)，lead to (导致)，表示“性别歧视导致了这一切”用gender discrimination led to all this。故翻译为Despite the fact that the scientist didn’t blame her for the failure of the experiment, everyone was aware that gender discrimination led to all this. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $