专题01 过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语期末复习讲义围绕过去完成时及被动语态构建知识体系，通过表格对比主动/被动语态的肯定、否定及疑问结构，分点梳理“过去的过去”时间逻辑、固定句型搭配等用法，结合考情分析明确高频考点与命题特点，清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导，基础通关、重难突破及高考链接题覆盖不同层次需求，“找时间标志→判动作先后→定主动被动→验结构”四步解题法培养学生分析推断的思维品质，如汉译英题“在救援队到达之前...”强化语境中时态运用的语言能力，助力学生精准掌握，也为教师提供分层教学支持。

专题01 过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态（期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：过去完成时（主动/被动）的核心结构、时间逻辑判断 （2）高频难点：：“过去的过去” 动作先后辨析、被动语态与时态的叠加运用、固定句型（hardly...when...等）的时态搭配； （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（单句/语篇）——直接考查时态与语态的综合运用； • 单项选择——侧重时态辨析与被动结构判断； • 书面表达——要求时态呼应与语境适配。 语法填空题 单项选择 句子翻译题 1．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Hardly at the terminal station when the bus . A．did we arrive; had left B．would we arrive; had left C．had we arrived; left D．have we arrived; left 【答案】C 2．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The shy boy _________ out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．planned to be dropped B．has been planning to drop C．was going to be dropped D．had planned to drop 【答案】D 3．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）By the time we arrived, everyone ________ medical care. A．had received B．received C．was receiving D．receives 【答案】A 4．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）正如一位记者在当地报纸上的专栏中所言，对于黑人的歧视在美国社会中埋下了战争的种子。(sow) (汉译英) 【答案】As one reporter put it in a column in the local newspaper, discrimination against blacks had sown the seeds of war in American society. 5．（23-24高二上·上海嘉定·期末）在救援队达到之前，探险家们在这位年轻人的指引下成功脱离了险境。(By the time ...) (汉译英) 【答案】By the time the rescue team arrived, the explorers had successfully walked out of the danger with the guidance of the young man. 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）这项法令刚执行，关于减肥产品的广告就在电视上禁播了。(Hardly, ban) (汉译英) 【答案】Hardly had the law been implemented when advertisements for weight-loss products were banned on TV. 考情分析： 1、 高频考点 1.过去完成时的核心逻辑：强调“过去的过去”，需通过时间状语（by+过去时间点、before+过去从句）或上下文动作先后判断； 2.被动语态叠加：过去完成时被动语态（had been done）是期末重点，常结合“动作被完成于过去某动作之前”的语境；3. 固定句型搭配：hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、It was the first time that...等句型中时态的固定用法。 2、 命题特点 1.语境依赖性强：多以语篇形式考查，需结合上下文判断动作先后，而非机械套用标志词； 2. 易错点集中：混淆过去完成时与一般过去时、遗漏被动语态中的“been”、固定句型时态搭配错误。 复习目标： 1.熟练掌握过去完成时（主动 / 被动）的核心结构、时间标志词及适用场景，能精准判断 “过去的过去” 时间关系。 2.清晰区分过去完成时与一般过去时的用法边界，规避被动语态结构错误、时态呼应错误等典型问题。 3.能在语法填空、单选、改错、写作中灵活运用，应对 “语境逻辑 + 时态辨析” 的综合性题目（如语篇中多时态混合运用）。掌握 “找时间标志→判动作先后→定主动被动→验结构” 的通用解题步骤，提升解题效率与准确率。 过去完成时基本构成 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done 基本结构：had＋动词过去分词 1. 肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier this week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 2. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 3. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. 过去完成时基本用法 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 3. 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 5. 过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，他努力提高他的英语水平。 7. 动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that). ..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：Had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2. 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 解题｜技｜巧 1.找时间标志：识别 by + 过去时间点、before + 过去从句等明确标志，或通过上下文判断动作先后。 2.判动作先后：确定主句动作是否发生在另一个过去动作之前（“过去的过去”）。 3.定主动被动：分析主语与动作的关系 —— 主语发出动作→主动（had done）；主语承受动作→被动（had been done）。 4.验结构：检查否定式（not 位置）、疑问式（had 提前）、被动语态（been 不可漏）是否正确。 易｜混｜点｜规｜避 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. I wish she _________________（take）the medicine last night. 2. He couldn’t enter the house, for he _________________（leave） his key at school. 3. No sooner _________________（get）home than I told him the inspiring news. 4. We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt that we _________________（know） each other for years. 5. My classmate said he _________________（give）the book to the English teacher. 6. They _________________（learn）about 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 7. He said he would go to see the play, although he _________________（see）it before. 8. By the time he was twelve, Edison _________________（begin）to make a living by himself. 9. The test question will be spoken just one time, you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker _________________（say）. 10. —Where did you go on holiday? —I _________________（hope）to go to Hawaii, but I didn’t catch the plane on time. 二、完成句子 11. 我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。 The moment I got home, I found _________________ in the playground. 12. ——你寄包裹了吗？ ——还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。 —Have you sent the parcel? —Not yet. _________________ when I got there. 13. 一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。 Upon hearing the news that I _________________ in the activity, I informed my mum of it at once. 14. 战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。 He _________________ when the war broke out. 15. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。 That was not the first time that _________________ 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1. Before he pursued a career as a physician, he ______ (specialize) in medical science for 6 years. 2. The ambitious project ______ (accomplish) by the time the director returned from the business trip. 3. She ______ (not correspond) with her former classmate since they graduated from high school, so she felt anxious. 4. By the time we rushed to the terminal, the international flight ______ (depart) for New York. 5. The elderly scholar ______ (reside) in this coastal city for 20 years before he relocated to the suburban area. 6. The confidential letters ______ (dispatch) to the clients prior to the company's official closure. 7. He mentioned that he ______ (not encounter) his younger sister for a decade due to work pressure. 8. It was the first time that I ______ (be) absent from the important academic lecture. 9. The lecture hall ______ (be thoroughly cleaned) before the distinguished guests arrived. 10. They ______ (formulate) a detailed plan for the expedition for months before they embarked on the journey. 二、单项选择 11. —Why didn’t you participate in the crucial seminar? —I ______ about its specific schedule.（ ） A. didn’t inform B. hadn’t been notified C. haven’t told D. wasn’t reminded 12. By the end of last academic year, we ______ mastery of over 1,500 high-frequency English words.（ ） A. achieved B. have acquired C. had attained D. will gain 13. The classic film ______ when we arrived at the downtown cinema.（ ） A. had commenced B. started C. has begun D. will initiate 14. These rare saplings ______ in the botanical garden before the severe typhoon struck the region.（ ） A. had been transplanted B. were planted C. cultivated D. have been grown 15. It was the fifth time that she ______ the national English speech competition.（ ） A. entered B. had participated in C. has joined D. will take part in 16. He ______ the valuable reference book for two weeks before he returned it to the school library.（ ） A. kept B. has retained C. had possessed D. will hold 17. The ancient stone bridge ______ for nearly a century when it collapsed unexpectedly.（ ） A. stood B. had existed C. has remained D. stands 18. When I caught sight of her, she ______ the laboratory because she ______ it for hours to prepare for the experiment.（ ） A. cleaned; had cleaned B. was tidying up; had been organizing C. cleaned; cleaned D. was cleaning; sorted out 19. The complicated problem ______ by the research team before it was submitted to the academic committee.（ ） A. had been analyzed B. was studied C. investigated D. has been explored 20. —Had you ______ the updated information about the international conference before you saw it on the official website? —No, I hadn’t.（ ） A. hear B. obtained C. been informed of D. be told 三、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 By the time we reached the remote mountain town, the sun ______ (sink) behind the peaks. We discovered that the boutique hotel we ______ (reserve) in advance online ______ (already, occupy) by a group of foreign tourists. Fortunately, a warm-hearted local family offered us a spare room. They told us that their ancestors ______ (inhabit) the town for centuries and they ______ (never, witness) such a large number of visitors before. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Which sentence is correct?（ ） A. When I arrived at the venue, they departed. B. The academic report had delivered before the expert arrived. C. By 2022, she had resided in Edinburgh for 3 years. D. It was the first time that I explored the ancient castle. 2. Which sentence uses past perfect passive correctly?（ ） A. The confidential document had submitted by the deadline. B. The historic monument had been constructed in 1998. C. By last semester, the research project hadn’t accomplished. D. Had the application form been submitted before the deadline? 3. When we rushed to the exhibition hall, the opening ceremony ______ for 15 minutes.（ ） A. concluded B. has concluded C. had concluded D. had been over 4. He ______ the qualification exam because he ______ sufficient preparation in advance.（ ） A. passed; didn’t make B. didn’t pass; hadn’t made C. hasn’t passed; didn’t make D. won’t pass; doesn’t make 5. By the time she graduated from high school, she ______ mastery of over 2,000 core English words.（ ） A. acquired B. has acquired C. had acquired D. will acquire 6. The seminar ______ when we arrived at the conference center.（ ） A. had commenced B. commenced C. has commenced D. will commence 7. These precious manuscripts ______ by numerous scholars before they were preserved in the museum.（ ） A. studied B. were studied C. had been studied D. have been studied 8. It was the third time that he ______ absent from the crucial team meeting.（ ） A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be 9. He ______ in the multinational company for 8 years before he resigned and started his own business.（ ） A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. works 10. Which sentence is wrong?（ ） A. Had the preliminary plan been approved by the committee before? B. By 2023, they had established 15 community service centers. C. The keynote speech had started when we took our seats. D. He mentioned he had consulted the professor yesterday. 二、改错 11. He had accomplish the challenging task before the deadline approached.（ ） 12. The annual report was submitted before the board of directors held the meeting.（ ） 13. By last academic year, she mastered advanced grammar and vocabulary through consistent practice.（ ） 14. It was the first time that I participate in the international youth exchange program.（ ） 15. When I entered the lecture hall, the distinguished professor has left after giving the lecture.（ ） 16. The complex problem hadn’t been solve despite the team’s joint efforts.（ ） 17. They had reside in the coastal metropolis for a decade before they relocated to the suburban area.（ ） 18. Had the environmental protection proposal discuss at the municipal meeting?（ ） 19. She said she hadn’t communicate with her former colleague since they worked in different companies.（ ） 20. By the time we reached the scenic spot, the folk performance has been on for 40 minutes.（ ） 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Which sentence is correct?（ ） A. The book is being liked by students. B. The room is being cleaned now. C. The letters are typed by her these days. D. He is being own a new car. 2. Which sentence uses 现在进行时被动 correctly?（ ） A. Vegetables are being washed every day. B. The meeting is being held next Monday. C. She is being believe by everyone. D. The car is repaired now. 3. —When ______ the room ______? —Now.（ ） A. will; clean B. is; being cleaned C. does; clean D. was; cleaned 4. The old man ______ by his son these days.（ ） A. is being looked after B. looks after C. looked after D. will be looked after 5. This song ______ by many people recently.（ ） A. sings B. is being sung C. sang D. will be sung 6. The problem ______ at the meeting now. Let's join in.（ ） A. discusses B. is discussed C. is being discussed D. discussed 7. He ______ always ______ late, which makes the teacher angry.（ ） A. is; being B. was; being C. has; been D. will; be 8. The flowers ______ by my mother now.（ ） A. water B. is being watered C. are being watered D. will be watered 9. Which sentence is wrong?（ ） A. The car is being repaired now. B. The children are being taken care of. C. The book is being own by him. D. A new road is being built these days. 10. The machine ______ now. Don't touch it.（ ） A. is being tested B. tests C. tested D. will test 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空 1.（2024・新课标 II 卷）By the time he realized his mistake, the damage ______ (do). 2.（2023・全国乙卷）She ______ (not hear) from her son for months before she received his call. 3.（2022・浙江卷）The project ______ (complete) by the end of last year. 4.（2024・北京卷）It was the first time that he ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 5.（2023・北京卷）By 2022, they ______ (work) together for 10 years. 6.（2022・天津卷）The letters ______ (send) before the company closed down. 7.（2024・浙江卷）When we got there, the concert ______ (already, start). 8.（2023・天津卷）He said he ______ (see) the film before. 9.（2022・新课标 I 卷）The old building ______ (stand) there for 50 years before it was pulled down. 10.（2024・天津卷）Had the work ______ (finish) by the time the boss arrived? 二、单项选择 11.（2023・新课标 II 卷）By the time we got to the theater, the play ______ for 10 minutes.（ ） A. had begun B. has begun C. had been on D. was on 12.（2024・北京卷）—Why didn’t you come to the party? —I ______ about it.（ ） A. didn’t tell B. hadn’t been told C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told 13.（2023・浙江卷）The bridge ______ by the time the flood came.（ ） A. had been built B. was built C. built D. has been built 14．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Hardly at the terminal station when the bus . A．did we arrive; had left B．would we arrive; had left C．had we arrived; left D．have we arrived; left 15．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The shy boy _________ out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．planned to be dropped B．has been planning to drop C．was going to be dropped D．had planned to drop 16．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）By the time we arrived, everyone ________ medical care. A．had received B．received C．was receiving D．receives 17．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The young man wrote to tell me that he _______ for his great achievements in his work. A．was praised B．was being praised C．has been praised D．had been praised 三、翻译 18．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）正如一位记者在当地报纸上的专栏中所言，对于黑人的歧视在美国社会中埋下了战争的种子。(sow) (汉译英) 19．（23-24高二上·上海嘉定·期末）在救援队达到之前，探险家们在这位年轻人的指引下成功脱离了险境。(By the time ...) (汉译英) 20．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）这项法令刚执行，关于减肥产品的广告就在电视上禁播了。(Hardly, ban) (汉译英) 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态（期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：过去完成时（主动/被动）的核心结构、时间逻辑判断 （2）高频难点：：“过去的过去” 动作先后辨析、被动语态与时态的叠加运用、固定句型（hardly...when...等）的时态搭配； （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（单句/语篇）——直接考查时态与语态的综合运用； • 单项选择——侧重时态辨析与被动结构判断； • 书面表达——要求时态呼应与语境适配。 语法填空题 单项选择 句子翻译题 1．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Hardly at the terminal station when the bus . A．did we arrive; had left B．would we arrive; had left C．had we arrived; left D．have we arrived; left 【答案】C 2．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The shy boy _________ out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．planned to be dropped B．has been planning to drop C．was going to be dropped D．had planned to drop 【答案】D 3．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）By the time we arrived, everyone ________ medical care. A．had received B．received C．was receiving D．receives 【答案】A 4．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）正如一位记者在当地报纸上的专栏中所言，对于黑人的歧视在美国社会中埋下了战争的种子。(sow) (汉译英) 【答案】As one reporter put it in a column in the local newspaper, discrimination against blacks had sown the seeds of war in American society. 5．（23-24高二上·上海嘉定·期末）在救援队达到之前，探险家们在这位年轻人的指引下成功脱离了险境。(By the time ...) (汉译英) 【答案】By the time the rescue team arrived, the explorers had successfully walked out of the danger with the guidance of the young man. 6．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）这项法令刚执行，关于减肥产品的广告就在电视上禁播了。(Hardly, ban) (汉译英) 【答案】Hardly had the law been implemented when advertisements for weight-loss products were banned on TV. 考情分析： 1、 高频考点 1.过去完成时的核心逻辑：强调“过去的过去”，需通过时间状语（by+过去时间点、before+过去从句）或上下文动作先后判断； 2.被动语态叠加：过去完成时被动语态（had been done）是期末重点，常结合“动作被完成于过去某动作之前”的语境；3. 固定句型搭配：hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、It was the first time that...等句型中时态的固定用法。 2、 命题特点 1.语境依赖性强：多以语篇形式考查，需结合上下文判断动作先后，而非机械套用标志词； 2. 易错点集中：混淆过去完成时与一般过去时、遗漏被动语态中的“been”、固定句型时态搭配错误。 复习目标： 1.熟练掌握过去完成时（主动 / 被动）的核心结构、时间标志词及适用场景，能精准判断 “过去的过去” 时间关系。 2.清晰区分过去完成时与一般过去时的用法边界，规避被动语态结构错误、时态呼应错误等典型问题。 3.能在语法填空、单选、改错、写作中灵活运用，应对 “语境逻辑 + 时态辨析” 的综合性题目（如语篇中多时态混合运用）。掌握 “找时间标志→判动作先后→定主动被动→验结构” 的通用解题步骤，提升解题效率与准确率。 过去完成时基本构成 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done 基本结构：had＋动词过去分词 1. 肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier this week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 2. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 3. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. 过去完成时基本用法 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 3. 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 5. 过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，他努力提高他的英语水平。 7. 动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that). ..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：Had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2. 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 解题｜技｜巧 1.找时间标志：识别 by + 过去时间点、before + 过去从句等明确标志，或通过上下文判断动作先后。 2.判动作先后：确定主句动作是否发生在另一个过去动作之前（“过去的过去”）。 3.定主动被动：分析主语与动作的关系 —— 主语发出动作→主动（had done）；主语承受动作→被动（had been done）。 4.验结构：检查否定式（not 位置）、疑问式（had 提前）、被动语态（been 不可漏）是否正确。 易｜混｜点｜规｜避 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1. I wish she _________________（take）the medicine last night. 【答案】had taken 【解析】wish后接宾语从句表“与过去事实相反的愿望”，从句用过去完成时。last night明确动作发生在过去，“希望吃药”未实现，故填had taken。 2. He couldn’t enter the house, for he _________________（leave） his key at school. 【答案】had left 【解析】“忘带钥匙”发生在“不能进屋”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。for表原因，逻辑上先有忘带钥匙的动作，才有无法进屋的结果，故填had left。 3. No sooner _________________（get）home than I told him the inspiring news. 【答案】had he got 【解析】固定句型No sooner...than...，主句用过去完成时，且No sooner置于句首需部分倒装（助动词had提前）。“到家”在“告知消息”之前，符合“过去的过去”，故填had he got。 4. We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt that we _________________（know） each other for years. 【答案】had known 【解析】that引导的宾语从句中，“相识多年”发生在“2010年相遇”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。for years提示持续动作，需搭配完成时态，故填had known。 5. My classmate said he _________________（give）the book to the English teacher. 【答案】had given 【解析】主句said为过去时，宾语从句中“把书给老师”的动作发生在“说”之前，用过去完成时。动作先后逻辑明确，先有给书的行为，后有告知的表述，故填had given。 6. They _________________（learn）about 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 【答案】had learnt 【解析】by the end of last term（到上学期末）是过去完成时的标志词，表动作在过去某一时间点前已完成。上学期末为过去时间，“学单词”的动作在此之前完成，故填had learnt。 7. He said he would go to see the play, although he _________________（see）it before. 【答案】had seen 【解析】although引导的让步状语从句中，“之前看过”发生在“说要去看”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。before提示动作先于主句动作，故填had seen。 8. By the time he was twelve, Edison _________________（begin）to make a living by himself. 【答案】had begun 【解析】By the time+过去时从句，主句用过去完成时。“12岁”是过去时间，“开始谋生”的动作在此之前已发生，故填had begun。 9. The test question will be spoken just one time, you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker _________________（say）. 【答案】has said 【解析】what引导的宾语从句中，“理解说话者的内容”需基于“说话者已说完”的前提，用现在完成时表动作已完成且对现在有影响。will be spoken提示将来的动作，但“理解”依赖于“已说的内容”，故填has said。 10. —Where did you go on holiday? —I _________________（hope）to go to Hawaii, but I didn’t catch the plane on time. 【答案】had hoped 【解析】“希望去夏威夷”发生在“没赶上飞机”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。hope表“原本的愿望”，未实现，符合过去完成时的语义用法，故填had hoped。 二、完成句子 11. 我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。 The moment I got home, I found _________________ in the playground. 【答案】I had left my jacket 【解析】“忘夹克衫”发生在“到家发现”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。find后接宾语从句，从句语序为陈述语序，故填I had left my jacket。 12. ——你寄包裹了吗？ ——还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。 —Have you sent the parcel? —Not yet. _________________ when I got there. 【答案】The post office had already been closed 【解析】“邮局关门”发生在“我到那儿”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。邮局与“关门”是被动关系，需用被动语态，故填The post office had already been closed。 13. 一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。 Upon hearing the news that I _________________ in the activity, I informed my mum of it at once. 【答案】had been allowed to take part 【解析】“被允许参加”发生在“听到消息并告知母亲”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。“我”与“允许”是被动关系，take part in为固定短语（符合高二词汇量），故填had been allowed to take part。 14. 战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。 He _________________ when the war broke out. 【答案】had lived there for half a century 【解析】“住了半个世纪”发生在“战争爆发”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。for half a century提示持续动作，搭配过去完成时表过去某点前的持续状态，故填had lived there for half a century。 15. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。 That was not the first time that _________________ 【答案】he had lied to us 【解析】固定句型That was not the first time that...，从句需用过去完成时。“撒谎”的动作发生在“那次”之前，lie的过去分词为lied，故填he had lied to us。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1. Before he pursued a career as a physician, he ______ (specialize) in medical science for 6 years. 【答案】had specialized 【解析】“专攻医学”发生在“从事医生职业”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。before 明确动作先后，“specialize in”为高二上册核心短语，提升词汇难度，故填 had specialized。 2. The ambitious project ______ (accomplish) by the time the director returned from the business trip. 【答案】had been accomplished 【解析】“项目完成”发生在“主任出差回来”之前，且项目与“完成”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。“accomplish”替代基础词“complete”，符合提升后难度，by the time+过去时从句提示时态，故填 had been accomplished。 3. She ______ (not correspond) with her former classmate since they graduated from high school, so she felt anxious. 【答案】hadn't corresponded 【解析】“高中毕业”是过去动作，“未通信”持续到之后的过去时间，用过去完成时否定式。“correspond with”替代“hear from”，提升词汇难度，since 搭配完成时，主句 felt anxious 为过去时，故填 hadn't corresponded。 4. By the time we rushed to the terminal, the international flight ______ (depart) for New York. 【答案】had departed 【解析】“赶到航站楼”是过去动作，“航班起飞”发生在之前，用过去完成时。“terminal”“depart”替代基础词“airport”“take off”，提升词汇和语境难度，by the time+过去时从句是时态标志，故填 had departed。 5. The elderly scholar ______ (reside) in this coastal city for 20 years before he relocated to the suburban area. 【答案】had resided 【解析】“搬迁到郊区”是过去动作，“居住在沿海城市”发生在之前，且持续20年，用过去完成时。“reside”“coastal”“relocate”“suburban”替代基础词，提升词汇复杂度，before 明确动作顺序，故填 had resided。 6. The confidential letters ______ (dispatch) to the clients prior to the company's official closure. 【答案】had been dispatched 【解析】“信件被发送”发生在“公司正式关闭”之前，且信件与“发送”是被动关系，逻辑上先寄信后关门，故填 had been dispatched。 7. He mentioned that he ______ (not encounter) his younger sister for a decade due to work pressure. 【答案】hadn't encountered 【解析】主句 mentioned 是过去时，宾语从句中“未遇到姐姐”的动作发生在“提及”之前，用过去完成时否定式，动作先后逻辑清晰，故填 hadn't encountered。 8. It was the first time that I ______ (be) absent from the important academic lecture. 【答案】had been 【解析】固定句型 It was the first time that... 后接过去完成时，“academic lecture”替代“school”，提升语境难度，符合高二上册进阶要求，故填 had been。 9. The lecture hall ______ (be thoroughly cleaned) before the distinguished guests arrived. 【答案】had been thoroughly cleaned 【解析】“演讲厅被彻底打扫”发生在“贵宾到来”之前，且演讲厅与“打扫”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。“lecture hall”“distinguished guests”“thoroughly”提升词汇和表达难度，before 明确动作顺序，故填 had been thoroughly cleaned。 10. They ______ (formulate) a detailed plan for the expedition for months before they embarked on the journey. 【答案】had formulated 【解析】“启程”是过去动作，“制定探险计划”发生在之前，且持续数月，用过去完成时。“formulate”“detailed plan”“expedition”“embark on”替代基础词，提升词汇和语境难度，for months 提示持续动作，故填 had formulated。 二、单项选择 11. —Why didn’t you participate in the crucial seminar? —I ______ about its specific schedule.（ ） A. didn’t inform B. hadn’t been notified C. haven’t told D. wasn’t reminded 【答案】B 【解析】“未被通知”发生在“未参加研讨会”之前，是“过去的过去”，且“我”与“通知”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。A 是一般过去时主动（语义不符），C 是现在完成时（时态错误），D 是一般过去时被动（动作先后不明确），故排除 A、C、D。 12. By the end of last academic year, we ______ mastery of over 1,500 high-frequency English words.（ ） A. achieved B. have acquired C. had attained D. will gain 【答案】C 【解析】by the end of last academic year 是过去完成时标志，“attain mastery of”替代“learn”，提升词汇难度，表动作在过去时间点前已完成。A 是一般过去时（无完成含义），B 是现在完成时（时态不符），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、B、D。 13. The classic film ______ when we arrived at the downtown cinema.（ ） A. had commenced B. started C. has begun D. will initiate 【答案】A 【解析】“到达市中心影院”是过去动作，“电影开始”发生在之前，用过去完成时。B 是一般过去时（动作同时发生，语义不符），C 是现在完成时（时态错误），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 B、C、D。 14. These rare saplings ______ in the botanical garden before the severe typhoon struck the region.（ ） A. had been transplanted B. were planted C. cultivated D. have been grown 【答案】A 【解析】“稀有树苗被移栽”发生在“强台风来袭”之前，且树苗与“移栽”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。“rare saplings”“botanical garden”“severe typhoon”“transplant”提升词汇和语境难度，B 是一般过去时被动（动作先后不明确），C 是主动语态（逻辑错误），D 是现在完成时被动（时态错误），故排除 B、C、D。 15. It was the fifth time that she ______ the national English speech competition.（ ） A. entered B. had participated in C. has joined D. will take part in 【答案】B 【解析】固定句型 It was the fifth time that... 后接过去完成时，A 是一般过去时（不符合句型要求），C 是现在完成时（主句为过去时，时态不符），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 16. He ______ the valuable reference book for two weeks before he returned it to the school library.（ ） A. kept B. has retained C. had possessed D. will hold 【答案】C 【解析】“归还参考书”是过去动作，“持有参考书”发生在之前，且持续两周，用过去完成时。A 是一般过去时（无完成含义），B 是现在完成时（时态不符），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、B、D。 17. The ancient stone bridge ______ for nearly a century when it collapsed unexpectedly.（ ） A. stood B. had existed C. has remained D. stands 【答案】B 【解析】“石桥倒塌”是过去动作，“存在近一个世纪”发生在之前，用过去完成时。“ancient stone bridge”“existed”“unexpectedly”提升词汇和语境难度，A 是一般过去时（无完成含义），C 是现在完成时（时态不符），D 是一般现在时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 18. When I caught sight of her, she ______ the laboratory because she ______ it for hours to prepare for the experiment.（ ） A. cleaned; had cleaned B. was tidying up; had been organizing C. cleaned; cleaned D. was cleaning; sorted out 【答案】B 【解析】“看见她时”是过去时间点，“整理实验室”正在进行，用过去进行时；“为实验准备而整理数小时”发生在“看见”之前，且持续进行，用过去完成进行时。“caught sight of”“laboratory”“tidying up”“organizing”提升词汇难度，A 前半句一般过去时（无进行含义），C 两项均为一般过去时（语义不符），D 后半句一般过去时（无持续完成含义），故排除 A、C、D。 19. The complicated problem ______ by the research team before it was submitted to the academic committee.（ ） A. had been analyzed B. was studied C. investigated D. has been explored 【答案】A 【解析】“复杂问题被分析”发生在“提交学术委员会”之前，且问题与“分析”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。B 是一般过去时被动（动作先后不明确），C 是主动语态（逻辑错误），D 是现在完成时被动（时态错误），故排除 B、C、D。 20. —Had you ______ the updated information about the international conference before you saw it on the official website? —No, I hadn’t.（ ） A. hear B. obtained C. been informed of D. be told 【答案】C 【解析】问句是过去完成时一般疑问句，“获取国际会议最新信息”与“你”是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词。A 是动词原形（语法错误），B 是主动语态（逻辑错误），D 是 be 动词原形+过去分词（语法错误），故排除 A、B、D。 三、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 By the time we reached the remote mountain town, the sun ______ (sink) behind the peaks. We discovered that the boutique hotel we ______ (reserve) in advance online ______ (already, occupy) by a group of foreign tourists. Fortunately, a warm-hearted local family offered us a spare room. They told us that their ancestors ______ (inhabit) the town for centuries and they ______ (never, witness) such a large number of visitors before. 21. 【答案】had sunk 【解析】“到达偏远山城”是过去动作，“太阳落山”发生在之前，用过去完成时。“remote mountain town”“sink behind the peaks”提升语境和词汇难度，by the time+过去时从句是时态标志，故填 had sunk。 22. 【答案】had reserved 【解析】“预订精品酒店”发生在“发现被占用”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。定语从句中动作先于主句谓语 discovered，故填 had reserved。 23. 【答案】had already been occupied 【解析】“酒店被占用”发生在“我们到达”之前，且酒店与“占用”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。“foreign tourists”丰富语境，already 置于 had 之后、been 之前，故填 had already been occupied。 24. 【答案】had inhabited 【解析】主句 told 是过去时，宾语从句中“祖先世代居住”发生在“告诉我们”之前，用过去完成时。“ancestors”“inhabit”“for centuries”提升词汇和表达难度，故填 had inhabited。 25. 【答案】had never witnessed 【解析】“从没见过这么多游客”发生在“告诉我们”之前，用过去完成时否定式。“witness”替代“see”，“a large number of”提升表达难度，never 置于 had 之后、过去分词之前，故填 had never witnessed。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Which sentence is correct?（ ） A. When I arrived at the venue, they departed. B. The academic report had delivered before the expert arrived. C. By 2022, she had resided in Edinburgh for 3 years. D. It was the first time that I explored the ancient castle. 【答案】C 【解析】A 未体现“过去的过去”，“到达会场”是过去动作，“离开”应发生在之前，departed 需改为 had departed；B 存在被动关系，“学术报告”是被交付的，had delivered 需改为 had been delivered；D 符合固定句型 It was the first time that...，从句需用过去完成时，explored 需改为 had explored，故排除 A、B、D。 2. Which sentence uses past perfect passive correctly?（ ） A. The confidential document had submitted by the deadline. B. The historic monument had been constructed in 1998. C. By last semester, the research project hadn’t accomplished. D. Had the application form been submitted before the deadline? 【答案】D 【解析】A 缺少被动语态必要的 been，had submitted 需改为 had been submitted；B 1998 是单纯过去时间点，表过去发生的动作，用一般过去时 was constructed 即可，无需过去完成时；C 存在被动关系，“研究项目”是被完成的，hadn’t accomplished 需改为 hadn’t been accomplished，故排除 A、B、C。 3. When we rushed to the exhibition hall, the opening ceremony ______ for 15 minutes.（ ） A. concluded B. has concluded C. had concluded D. had been over 【答案】D 【解析】conclude 是短暂性动词，不能与 for + 时间段（for 15 minutes）连用，需用延续性短语 had been over 表持续状态。A 是一般过去时（无持续含义），B 是现在完成时（时态不符），C 是过去完成时但仍为短暂性动词（搭配错误），故排除 A、B、C。 4. He ______ the qualification exam because he ______ sufficient preparation in advance.（ ） A. passed; didn’t make B. didn’t pass; hadn’t made C. hasn’t passed; didn’t make D. won’t pass; doesn’t make 【答案】B 【解析】“没通过资格考试”是过去发生的结果，“提前未做充分准备”是过去的过去，需用过去完成时。A 逻辑矛盾（未准备却通过）且时态错误，C 前半句现在完成时（时态不符），D 一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 5. By the time she graduated from high school, she ______ mastery of over 2,000 core English words.（ ） A. acquired B. has acquired C. had acquired D. will acquire 【答案】C 【解析】by the time + 过去时间点（she graduated from high school）是过去完成时的标志，表动作在过去某一时间前已完成。A 是一般过去时（无完成含义），B 是现在完成时（时态不符），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、B、D。 6. The seminar ______ when we arrived at the conference center.（ ） A. had commenced B. commenced C. has commenced D. will commence 【答案】A 【解析】“到达会议中心”是过去动作，“研讨会开始”发生在之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。B 是一般过去时（动作同时发生，语义不符），C 是现在完成时（时态错误），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 B、C、D。 7. These precious manuscripts ______ by numerous scholars before they were preserved in the museum.（ ） A. studied B. were studied C. had been studied D. have been studied 【答案】C 【解析】“珍贵手稿被研究”发生在“被保存在博物馆”之前，是“过去的过去”，且存在被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。A 是主动语态（逻辑错误），B 是一般过去时被动（动作先后不明确），D 是现在完成时被动（时态错误），故排除 A、B、D。 8. It was the third time that he ______ absent from the crucial team meeting.（ ） A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be 【答案】B 【解析】固定句型 It was the + 序数词 + time that...，从句需用过去完成时。A 是一般过去时（不符合句型要求），C 是现在完成时（主句为过去时，时态不符），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 9. He ______ in the multinational company for 8 years before he resigned and started his own business.（ ） A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. works 【答案】C 【解析】“辞职创业”是过去动作，“在跨国公司工作”发生在之前，且持续 8 年，用过去完成时。A 是一般过去时（无完成含义），B 是现在完成时（时态不符），D 是一般现在时（时态错误），故排除 A、B、D。 10. Which sentence is wrong?（ ） A. Had the preliminary plan been approved by the committee before? B. By 2023, they had established 15 community service centers. C. The keynote speech had started when we took our seats. D. He mentioned he had consulted the professor yesterday. 【答案】D 【解析】yesterday 是单纯过去时间点，不能与过去完成时连用，需改为 the day before；A 是过去完成时被动语态疑问句（结构正确），B 符合 by + 过去时间点用过去完成时（用法正确），C 体现“过去的过去”（逻辑正确），故排除 A、B、C。 二、改错 11. He had accomplish the challenging task before the deadline approached.（ ） 【答案】accomplish→accomplished 【解析】过去完成时的基本结构为 had + 过去分词，accomplish 的过去分词是 accomplished，需修正动词形式以符合时态规则， 12. The annual report was submitted before the board of directors held the meeting.（ ） 【答案】was→had been 【解析】“年度报告被提交”发生在“董事会开会”之前，是“过去的过去”，且存在被动关系，需用过去完成时被动语态 13. By last academic year, she mastered advanced grammar and vocabulary through consistent practice.（ ） 【答案】mastered→had mastered 【解析】by + 过去时间点（last academic year）是过去完成时的标志，表动作在该时间前已完成， 14. It was the first time that I participate in the international youth exchange program.（ ） 【答案】participate→had participated 【解析】固定句型 It was the first time that... 后接过去完成时， 15. When I entered the lecture hall, the distinguished professor has left after giving the lecture.（ ） 【答案】has→had 【解析】“进入演讲厅”是过去动作，“著名教授离开”发生在之前，是“过去的过去”， 16. The complex problem hadn’t been solve despite the team’s joint efforts.（ ） 【答案】solve→solved 【解析】过去完成时被动语态的结构为 had been + 过去分词， 17. They had reside in the coastal metropolis for a decade before they relocated to the suburban area.（ ） 【答案】reside→resided 【解析】过去完成时的基本结构为 had + 过去分词， 18. Had the environmental protection proposal discuss at the municipal meeting?（ ） 【答案】discuss→been discussed 【解析】过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结构为 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词 19. She said she hadn’t communicate with her former colleague since they worked in different companies.（ ） 【答案】communicate→communicated 【解析】过去完成时的基本结构为 had + 过去分词， 20. By the time we reached the scenic spot, the folk performance has been on for 40 minutes.（ ） 【答案】has→had 【解析】“到达景区”是过去动作，“民俗表演开始”发生在之前，是“过去的过去”， 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Which sentence is correct?（ ） A. The book is being liked by students. B. The room is being cleaned now. C. The letters are typed by her these days. D. He is being own a new car. 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的正确用法。now 是现在进行时标志词，room 与 clean 是被动关系，结构为“is being + 过去分词”，用法正确。 【错误原因】A项 like 是状态动词，不能用于进行时被动，需改为 is liked；C项 these days 表近期持续动作，需用现在进行时被动 are being typed；D项 own 是状态动词，无进行时被动，需改为 owns。 2. Which sentence uses 现在进行时被动 correctly?（ ） A. Vegetables are being washed every day. B. The meeting is being held next Monday. C. She is being believe by everyone. D. The car is repaired now. 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的语境搭配。next Monday 表计划中的将来，会议举办是被动且持续筹备，用现在进行时被动合理。 【错误原因】A项 every day 表常态，需用一般现在时被动 are washed；C项 believe 是状态动词，不能用于进行时被动，需改为 is believed；D项 now 是现在进行时标志，需改为 is being repaired。 3. —When ______ the room ______? —Now.（ ） A. will; clean B. is; being cleaned C. does; clean D. was; cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的特殊疑问句。now 提示动作正在进行，room 与 clean 是被动关系，结构为“is + 主语 + being + 过去分词”。 【错误原因】A项 will 表将来，无被动形式，且不符合 now 语境；C项 does 是一般现在时主动，无被动含义；D项 was 是一般过去时被动，与 now 矛盾。 4. The old man ______ by his son these days.（ ） A. is being looked after B. looks after C. looked after D. will be looked after 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态与固定短语。these days 表近期持续动作，old man 与 look after（照顾）是被动关系，结构正确且短语完整。 【错误原因】B项是一般现在时主动，主语与动作逻辑矛盾；C项是一般过去时主动，无被动含义；D项 will 表将来，不符合 these days 语境。 5. This song ______ by many people recently.（ ） A. sings B. is being sung C. sang D. will be sung 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的时间标志。recently 表近期持续动作，song 与 sing 是被动关系，用现在进行时被动表“近期被广泛演唱”。 【错误原因】A项是一般现在时主动，主语与动作逻辑矛盾；C项是一般过去时主动，无被动含义；D项 will 表将来，不符合 recently 语境。 6. The problem ______ at the meeting now. Let's join in.（ ） A. discusses B. is discussed C. is being discussed D. discussed 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的语境提示。now 与“加入讨论”的语境，说明问题正在被讨论，结构为“is being + 过去分词”。 【错误原因】A项是一般现在时主动，无被动含义；B项是一般现在时被动，表常态而非此刻；D项是一般过去时，与 now 矛盾。 7. He ______ always ______ late, which makes the teacher angry.（ ） A. is; being B. was; being C. has; been D. will; be 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的情感色彩。always 与“老师生气”的语境，表“总是迟到”的不满情绪，用现在进行时被动（此处 being late 表状态的持续）。 【错误原因】B项 was 是过去时，与 makes （现在时）时态矛盾；C项 has been 是现在完成时，无“不满”的情感色彩；D项 will be 是将来时，不符合语境。 8. The flowers ______ by my mother now.（ ） A. water B. is being watered C. are being watered D. will be watered 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的主谓一致。now 提示此刻动作，flowers 是复数主语，与 water 是被动关系，结构为“are being + 过去分词”。 【错误原因】A项是一般现在时主动，主语与动作逻辑矛盾；B项 is 与复数主语 flowers 主谓不一致；D项 will 表将来，不符合 now 语境。 9. Which sentence is wrong?（ ） A. The car is being repaired now. B. The children are being taken care of. C. The book is being own by him. D. A new road is being built these days. 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的状态动词禁忌。own 是状态动词，表“拥有”，不能用于进行时被动，正确形式为 is owned。 【正确选项解析】A项 now 提示此刻被动，结构正确；B项 take care of 是固定短语，被动形式正确；D项 these days 表近期被动，结构正确。 10. The machine ______ now. Don't touch it.（ ） A. is being tested B. tests C. tested D. will test 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态的安全提示语境。now 与“别碰”的提示，说明机器正在被测试，结构为“is being + 过去分词”。 【错误原因】B项是一般现在时主动，主语与动作逻辑矛盾；C项是一般过去时，与 now 矛盾；D项是一般将来时主动，无被动含义。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空 1.（2024・新课标 II 卷）By the time he realized his mistake, the damage ______ (do). 【答案】had been done 【解析】“意识到错误”是过去动作，“损害发生”在之前，是“过去的过去”。damage 与 do 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态，故填 had been done。 2.（2023・全国乙卷）She ______ (not hear) from her son for months before she received his call. 【答案】hadn’t heard 【解析】“收到电话”是过去动作，“数月没收到来信”持续到该动作之前，用过去完成时否定式。for months 提示持续状态，故填 hadn’t heard。 3.（2022・浙江卷）The project ______ (complete) by the end of last year. 【答案】had been completed 【解析】by the end of last year 是过去完成时标志，project 与 complete 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态，故填 had been completed。 4.（2024・北京卷）It was the first time that he ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 【答案】had visited 【解析】固定句型 It was the first time that... 后接过去完成时，是高二上册核心考点，故填 had visited。 5.（2023・北京卷）By 2022, they ______ (work) together for 10 years. 【答案】had worked 【解析】by 2022 是过去完成时标志，“合作10年”发生在2022年之前，用过去完成时，故填 had worked。 6.（2022・天津卷）The letters ______ (send) before the company closed down. 【答案】had been sent 【解析】“公司倒闭”是过去动作，“信件被发送”在之前，是“过去的过去”。letters 与 send 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态，故填 had been sent。 7.（2024・浙江卷）When we got there, the concert ______ (already, start). 【答案】had already started 【解析】“到达那里”是过去动作，“音乐会开始”在之前，用过去完成时。already 置于 had 之后、过去分词之前，故填 had already started。 8.（2023・天津卷）He said he ______ (see) the film before. 【答案】had seen 【解析】主句 said 是过去时，宾语从句中“看过电影”发生在“说”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填 had seen。 9.（2022・新课标 I 卷）The old building ______ (stand) there for 50 years before it was pulled down. 【答案】had stood 【解析】“被拆除”是过去动作，“矗立50年”发生在之前，用过去完成时。for 50 years 提示持续状态，故填 had stood。 10.（2024・天津卷）Had the work ______ (finish) by the time the boss arrived? 【答案】been finished 【解析】问句是过去完成时被动语态的疑问句，结构为 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词。work 与 finish 是被动关系，故填 been finished。 二、单项选择 11.（2023・新课标 II 卷）By the time we got to the theater, the play ______ for 10 minutes.（ ） A. had begun B. has begun C. had been on D. was on 【答案】C 【解析】begin 是短暂性动词，不能与 for + 时间段（for 10 minutes）连用，需用延续性短语 be on 表持续状态。“到达剧院”是过去动作，“戏剧开始”在之前，用过去完成时。A 是过去完成时但为短暂性动词（搭配错误），B 是现在完成时（时态不符），D 是一般过去时（无完成含义），故排除 A、B、D。 12.（2024・北京卷）—Why didn’t you come to the party? —I ______ about it.（ ） A. didn’t tell B. hadn’t been told C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told 【答案】B 【解析】“没参加派对”是过去动作，“没被告诉”发生在之前，是“过去的过去”，且“我”与“告诉”是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。A 是一般过去时主动（语义不符），C 是现在完成时（时态错误），D 是一般过去时被动（动作先后不明确），故排除 A、C、D。 13.（2023・浙江卷）The bridge ______ by the time the flood came.（ ） A. had been built B. was built C. built D. has been built 【答案】A 【解析】“洪水来袭”是过去动作，“桥被建成”发生在之前，是“过去的过去”，且 bridge 与 build 是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。B 是一般过去时被动（动作先后不明确），C 是主动语态（逻辑错误），D 是现在完成时被动（时态错误），故排除 B、C、D。 14．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）Hardly at the terminal station when the bus . A．did we arrive; had left B．would we arrive; had left C．had we arrived; left D．have we arrived; left 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装和时态。句意：我们刚一到终点站，公共汽车就开走了。本句使用了hardly...when...“刚一……就……”句式，hardly位于句首，需用部分倒装，“到达终点站”的动作发生在“公共汽车开走”之前，即“过去的过去”，因而前一空用过去完成时，后一空用一般过去时。故选C。 15．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）The shy boy _________ out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．planned to be dropped B．has been planning to drop C．was going to be dropped D．had planned to drop 【答案】D 【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：这个害羞的男孩因为在新地方感到孤独和悲伤而打算辍学，但与校长的一次闲聊帮助他摆脱了困境。短语drop out of辍学，根据语境可知，空处表示的动作发生在helped 之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选D。 16．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）By the time we arrived, everyone ________ medical care. A．had received B．received C．was receiving D．receives 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我们到达时，每个人都得到了医疗护理。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语动词，结合该句时间状语By the time+“一般过去时”的从句可知，此处应为过去完成时，表示动作发生在arrived之前。故选A项。 17．（23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）The young man wrote to tell me that he _______ for his great achievements in his work. A．was praised B．was being praised C．has been praised D．had been praised 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个年轻人写信告诉我，他因工作中取得的巨大成就而受到赞扬。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词。根据主句中的wrote可知，宾语从句中用过去完成时态，表示该动作发生在过去的过去。主语和动词之间为动宾关系，所以用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选D。 三、翻译 18．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）正如一位记者在当地报纸上的专栏中所言，对于黑人的歧视在美国社会中埋下了战争的种子。(sow) (汉译英) 【答案】As one reporter put it in a column in the local newspaper, discrimination against blacks had sown the seeds of war in American society. 【详解】考查动词时态、定语从句。根据句意可知，表示“正如……”可处理为as引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“正如一位记者在当地报纸上的专栏中所言”可译为as one reporter put it in a column in the local newspaper，此处是对过去发生的事的描述，应用一般过去时，put的过去式不变；表示“对黑人的歧视”可用discrimination against blacks；表示“在美国社会埋下了战争的种子”，根据题干要求，表示“埋下”用sow，故可译为sow the seeds of war in American society，根据句意可知，sow的动作发生在put之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时had done结构。故译为“As one reporter put it in a column in the local newspaper, discrimination against blacks had sown the seeds of war in American society.”。 19．（23-24高二上·上海嘉定·期末）在救援队达到之前，探险家们在这位年轻人的指引下成功脱离了险境。(By the time ...) (汉译英) 【答案】By the time the rescue team arrived, the explorers had successfully walked out of the danger with the guidance of the young man. 【详解】考查时态，时间状语从句和固定搭配。“在救援队到达之前”是时间状语从句，应用“by the time”引导时间状语从句。表示“救援队到达”的事情是发生在过去的，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故可译为the rescue team arrived。“探险家们成功脱离了险境”是主句，“探险家们”为the explorers，“脱离险境”walk out of the danger这一动作发生在“救援队到达”之前，发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故可译为the explorers had successfully walked out of the danger，副词“成功”successfully修饰had walked。表示“在……的指引下”的介词短语为with the guidance of，表示“这位年轻人”应用名词短语the young man，作宾语。句首字母应大写，故答案为By the time the rescue team arrived, the explorers had successfully walked out of the danger with the guidance of the young man. 20．（23-24高二上·上海·期末）这项法令刚执行，关于减肥产品的广告就在电视上禁播了。(Hardly, ban) (汉译英) 【答案】Hardly had the law been implemented when advertisements for weight-loss products were banned on TV. 【详解】考查名词，动词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“这项法令”应用名词短语the law；表示“执行”应用动词implement；表示“关于”应用介词for；表示“减肥”应用名词weight-loss；表示“产品”应用名词product；表示“广告”应用名词advertisement；表示“在电视上”应用介词短语on TV；表示“禁播”应用动词ban；表示“刚……就……”应用固定句型Hardly had…when...；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示“刚…就…”的固定句型是过去完成时。故翻译为Hardly had the law been implemented when advertisements for weight-loss products were banned on TV. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $