专题02 进行体的用法（现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去进行时与被动语态的结合的用法）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪外版

该高中英语期末复习讲义通过表格和思维导图系统构建进行体知识体系，梳理现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去进行时与被动语态的核心结构、时间标志及用法，按“结构-用法-易混辨析”递进组织，用对比表格呈现与完成时等易混时态的差异，突出被动语态叠加等高频难点。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导，设“基础通关-重难突破-易混易错”三级检测，融入高考真题如语法填空“sailing”拼写、单选过去进行时被动题，通过“找时间标志→定主被动”四步解题法培养思维品质，提升语言能力，支持学生自主复习和教师精准分层教学。

专题02 进行体的用法（现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去进行时与被动语态的结合的用法） （期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去进行时的核心结构（主动/被动）、时间逻辑判断； （2）高频难点：进行时与被动语态的叠加运用、不同进行时的语境适配、非延续性动词的转换、时态呼应规则； （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（单句/语篇）——时态与语态综合运用；• 单项选择——侧重时态辨析与被动结构判断； • 书面表达——时态呼应与语境适配。 语法填空题、单项选择、 句子翻译题、语篇语法填空 1．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）While they were s (航行) at sea, their ship hit a big iceberg. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】sailing/ailing 2．（22-23高二下·广东深圳·期中）—What will the weather be like tomorrow? —I have no idea. I was on the phone when the weather report ______. A．is broadcast B．had broadcast C．has been broadcast D．was being broadcast 【答案】 D 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）随着中国北方气温跌破冰点，冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动的热度不断攀升。(with) (汉译英) 【答案】With temperatures in northern China plunging below freezing, ice-snow tourism and winter sports activities are gaining surging popularity. 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）通常让我们无法专注眼前工作的不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑。(…not…but…) (汉译英) 【答案】Often what distracts us from the work at hand is not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety. 考情分析： 一、高频考点 1. 三大进行时核心逻辑：现在完成进行时强调“持续至今/刚结束”，将来进行时强调“将来特定时刻进行”，过去进行时强调“过去特定时刻进行”； 2. 被动语态叠加：重点是过去进行时被动（was/were being done）、现在完成进行时无被动（主动表持续）、将来进行时被动（will be being done，高频用于正式语境）； 3. 固定搭配：for/since（现在完成进行时）、this time tomorrow/next...（将来进行时）、at this time yesterday/when/while（过去进行时被动）。 二、命题特点 1. 语境依赖性极强：多以语篇或情景对话形式考查，需结合时间标志词和上下文判断； 2. 易错点集中：混淆进行时与完成时、遗漏被动语态中的“being”、非延续性动词误用进行时、时态呼应错误（主句过去时从句需对应过去时态）。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握三大进行时（含被动）的核心结构、时间标志词及适用场景，精准判断动作的“时间维度”与“主被动关系”； 2. 清晰区分易混时态（如现在完成进行时vs现在完成时、过去进行时被动vs过去完成时被动），规避典型错误； 3. 能在语法填空、单选、翻译、写作中灵活运用，掌握“找时间标志→判动作状态→定主被动→验结构”的解题步骤，提升综合解题能力。 现在完成进行时Present Perfect Continuous Tense 表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，可能仍在进行（强调“未中断”），也可能刚结束（留有明显痕迹），核心突出动作的“持续性、反复性”或情感色彩（如强调努力、疲惫、执着等），是现在完成时的“过程版”。 知识点01核心结构 •肯定式：主语 + have/has been + doing（第三人称单数用has，其余人称用have） •否定式：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，可能仍在进行（强调“未中断”），也可能刚结束（留有明显痕迹），核心突出动作的“持续性、反复性”或情感色彩（如强调努力、疲惫、执着等），是现在完成时的“过程版”。 知识点01核心结构 主语 + have/has not (haven’t/hasn’t) been + doing •疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing？ •特殊疑问式：疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing？ 知识点02 用法 1.持续至今的动作（与for/since连用，强调“未间断”）动作从过去延续到现在，无明显中断，常搭配“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点/从句”。 ￮例句：The volunteer team has been devoting every weekend to helping the elderly in remote areas for over two years.（这支志愿队两年多来每个周末都在偏远地区帮助老人，从未间断。） 2.刚结束的动作（根据语境推断，留痕明显）动作虽已结束，但结果或状态仍清晰可见，无需明确时间状语，需结合上下文判断。 ￮例句：His voice is hoarse—he has been delivering speeches about adventure spirit all afternoon.（他嗓子哑了，显然一下午都在做关于探险精神的演讲。） 3.反复发生的动作（强调“高频性”）表示一段时间内频繁出现的行为，突出动作的“重复性”而非单次结果。 ￮例句：The researcher has been trying to develop energy-saving technology for years, and finally made a breakthrough.（这位研究者多年来一直尝试研发节能技术，终于取得了突破。） 4.情感色彩强化（突出努力、艰辛或不满）用持续的动作传递主观情感，比一般时态更具感染力。 ￮例句：She has always been working tirelessly to promote volunteerism, and her efforts have inspired thousands of people.（她一直不知疲倦地推广志愿服务，她的努力激励了成千上万的人。） 知识点03 易混时态辨析 语法点 核心区别（本质差异） 例句（现在完成进行时） 例句（现在完成时） 现在完成进行时 强调“动作过程”，侧重“持续/反复”，无明确终点；可用于短暂性动词（表反复） He has been calling you for an hour—you’d better answer.（他给你打了一小时电话，你最好接一下。） He has called you three times.（他给你打了三次电话。） 现在完成时 强调“动作结果/完成”，侧重“是否达成”，有明确终点；短暂性动词不可与时间段连用 She has been writing the volunteer report since morning.（她从早上就一直在写志愿活动报告。） She has written three volunteer reports this month.（她这个月写了三份志愿活动报告。） 特殊提示 表“持续”时，二者可互换；但表“反复/情感”时，只能用现在完成进行时 They have been building the community center for half a year.（= They have built the community center for half a year.） 无替代形式：He has been complaining about the task—he’s so lazy.（他一直抱怨任务，太懒了。） 将来进行时Future Continuous Tense 表示将来某个特定时刻/时间段内正在进行的动作（强调“在进行”），或按计划、预料会发生的事（突出“客观性安排”，无主观意愿），比一般将来时更具“画面感”和“礼貌性”。 知识点01核心结构 •肯定式：主语 + will/shall be + doing（shall仅用于第一人称，正式场合） •否定式：主语 + will/shall not (won’t/shan’t) be + doing •疑问式：Will/Shall + 主语 + be + doing？ •特殊疑问式：疑问词 + Will/Shall + 主语 + be + doing？ •时间状语从句中：用现在进行时表将来进行时（When/If + 主语 + be doing, 主语 + will be doing） 知识点02核心用法 1.特定将来时刻的持续动作（强调“正在进行”）常搭配“this time tomorrow”“between 9-11 a.m. next Sunday”“at 7 p.m. tomorrow evening”等明确时间状语，突出“某一刻正在做”。 ￮例句：This time next month, we will be trekking through the mountains to experience real adventure.（下个月此时，我们将正在山间徒步，体验真正的探险。） 2.客观计划安排（无主观意愿，比will do更正式）表示已确定的计划，不强调“主观决定”，侧重“按流程进行”。 ￮例句：The charity organization will be launching a new donation campaign next quarter to help disaster-stricken areas.（该慈善机构下季度将启动新的捐赠活动，帮助灾区。） 3.委婉语气（询问/邀请，比will do更礼貌）用于向他人询问计划或发出邀请，避免生硬，体现尊重。 ￮例句：Will you be joining us in the volunteer training session next Friday afternoon?（下周五下午你会来参加志愿培训吗？） 4.将来自然发生的推测（无主观干预）基于逻辑或规律推测未来会发生的动作，不强调“刻意为之”。 ￮例句：In 2030, more families will be using intelligent home devices to simplify daily chores.（到2030年，更多家庭将正在使用智能家电简化日常家务。） 知识点03易混辨析 语法点 核心区别 例句（将来进行时） 例句（对比时态） 将来进行时 vs 一般将来时 前者强调“某时刻正在进行”，后者强调“动作将要发生”（结果）；前者无主观意愿，后者可表决心/计划 I will be writing the report at 8 p.m.（晚上8点我正在写报告。） I will write the report at 8 p.m.（晚上8点我会写报告。） 将来进行时 vs 将来完成时 前者强调“将来某刻的状态”，后者强调“将来某刻前完成的动作”（结果） By this time next year, I will be studying abroad.（明年此时我正在出国留学。） By this time next year, I will have studied abroad for a year.（明年此时我已出国留学一年了。） 过去进行时与被动语态的结合（Past Continuous Passive Voice） 表示过去某一特定时刻或时间段内正在进行的被动动作，强调“过去某一刻，主语正在被……”，是过去进行时的“被动版”，突出动作的“进行态+被动关系”。 知识点01基本结构 •肯定式：主语 + was/were + being + done（单数主语用was，复数主语用were） •否定式：主语 + was/were not + being + done •疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + being + done？ •特殊疑问式：疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + being + done？ •替换结构：主语 + was/were + under/on + 名词（简化表达，如under repair = being repaired） 知识点02核心用法 1.过去特定时刻正在进行的被动动作（与at this time yesterday/when/while连用）强调“某一过去时刻，主语正在被施加动作”，常搭配明确时间状语或时间状语从句。 ￮例句： At 9 a.m. yesterday, the volunteer application forms were being checked by the organizer.（昨天上午9点，志愿申请表正在被组织者审核。） 2.过去时间段内持续的被动动作（强调“持续被进行”）动作在过去某段时间内持续处于被动进行状态，无明确断点。 ￮例句：Many ancient cultural relics were being protected by the local government during the renovation project last year.（去年翻修项目期间，许多古代文物一直在被当地政府保护。） 3.替换结构（简化表达，提升语言简洁度）当动作是“被修理、被展览、被建造”等时，可用“was/were + under/on + 名词”替代，更符合书面语表达习惯。 ￮原句：The community center was being built when we passed by.（我们路过时，社区中心正在被建造。） ￮替换句：The community center was under construction when we passed by. ￮原句：The adventure photos were being exhibited in the library last week.（上周探险照片正在图书馆被展览。） ￮替换句：The adventure photos were on exhibition in the library last week. 知识点03易混辨析 语法点 核心区别 例句（过去进行时被动） 例句（对比时态） 与过去完成时被动 前者强调“过去某刻正在被做”，后者强调“过去某动作前已被完成”（过去的过去） The bridge was being built when the flood came.（洪水来临时，桥正在被建造。） The bridge had been built before the flood came.（洪水来之前，桥已被建好。） 与一般过去时被动 前者强调“进行状态”，后者强调“被动结果”；前者需明确“某时刻/时间段”，后者可接任意过去时间 The letter was being delivered at 3 p.m. yesterday.（昨天下午3点，信正在被投递。） The letter was delivered yesterday afternoon.（信昨天下午被投递了。） 解题｜技｜巧 1.找时间标志：识别 by + 过去时间点、before + 过去从句等明确标志，或通过上下文判断动作先后。 2.判动作先后：确定主句动作是否发生在另一个过去动作之前（“过去的过去”）。 3.定主动被动：分析主语与动作的关系 —— 主语发出动作→主动（had done）；主语承受动作→被动（had been done）。 4.验结构：检查否定式（not 位置）、疑问式（had 提前）、被动语态（been 不可漏）是否正确。 易｜混｜点｜规｜避 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1.The two explorers ________ (survive) in the desert for seven days when they were finally rescued. 2.When you arrive at the airport tomorrow, the volunteer ________ (wait) for you at the exit with a sign. 3.The manager ________ (not inform) the volunteers of the schedule change because he has been busy with the adventure campaign preparation. 4.The goods ________ (unload) when we arrived at the port, so we had to wait for an hour. 5.—Why is she so exhausted? —She ________ (practice) for the speech competition day and night for a month. 6.How long ________ the team ________ (conduct) research on solar-powered equipment before they got the funding? 7.This documentary about polar exploration ________ (show) at this time last Sunday, but we missed it. 8.Since the organization ________ (launch) the “Save the Ocean” project, it ________ (attract) thousands of young volunteers. 9.Guess what! We’ve got visas for the Arctic expedition. This time next month, we ________ (explore) the frozen landscape. 10.________ the team ________ (use) solar-powered tents during the desert adventure? 二、选择题 1.Over the past decade, scientists ________ renewable energy solutions, and their efforts ________ a great difference to environmental protection.（ ） A. have been developing; have made B. have developed; have been making C. developed; made D. are developing; make 2.—Why was the road closed yesterday? — Because it ________ and the workers warned people not to pass.（ ） A. repaired B. was repairing C. was being repaired D. had been repaired 3. At 10 a.m. next Monday, the president ________ a speech about the importance of combining technology with volunteer work.（ ） A. gives B. will give C. will be giving D. is giving 4. By the end of this year, the company ________ intelligent robots to assist volunteers in disaster relief for three years.（ ） A. will use B. will be using C. will have been using D. has used 5.Which of the following is the correct passive voice of “They were testing the new intelligent equipment for adventure at this time last week”?（ ） A. The new intelligent equipment for adventure was testing by them at this time last week. B. The new intelligent equipment for adventure was being tested by them at this time last week. C. The new intelligent equipment for adventure has been tested by them at this time last week. D. The new intelligent equipment for adventure is being tested by them at this time last week. 6.When I passed the classroom, the speech about adventure spirit ________ by a famous explorer.（ ） A. gave B. was giving C. was being given D. had been given 7.—I heard you ________ the ancient ruins for weeks. —Yes, we just came back yesterday. It ________ a tough but rewarding experience.（ ） A. have explored; is B. have been exploring; was C. had been exploring; was D. explored; is 8.—What will you be doing this weekend? —I ________ in the mountains with my friends to collect garbage for environmental protection.（ ） A. hike B. will hike C. will be hiking D. have hiked 9.The student ________ English by participating in international volunteer programs since he entered high school.（ ） A. improves B. improved C. has been improving D. has improved 10.The bridge ________ when the earthquake happened, which caused great damage to the project.（ ） A. was being built B. built C. was building D. had been built 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. Over the past decade, scientists ________ (develop) sustainable energy technologies. 2.The road ________ (repair) when we passed by yesterday. 3. This time next year, she ________ (teach) English in a rural middle school. 4. How long ________ they ________ (wait) for us before we arrived? 5. The project ________ (not complete) yet—they have been working on it for months. 6. When the storm hit, the houses ________ (build) in the village. 7. He ________ (not sleep) well recently because he has been preparing for the speech contest. 8. ________ the meeting ________ (hold) at 2 p.m. tomorrow? 9. Since she joined the club, she ________ (take) part in every activity. 10. The old building ________ (renovate) for half a year when we visited it last month. 二、单项选择 11. By the time we got to the station, the train ________ for 10 minutes.（ ） A. has left B. had been away C. was leaving D. will be leaving 12. The charity organization ________ food and clothes to the homeless for five years.（ ） A. has been providing B. provided C. will provide D. is providing 13. When I called her, she ________ her homework.（ ） A. does B. was doing C. has done D. will be doing 14. This time tomorrow, we ________ a picnic in the city park.（ ） A. have B. had C. will be having D. are having 15. The documents ________ by the secretary when the manager came in.（ ） A. are being typed B. were being typed C. have been typed D. will be typed 16. How long ________ you ________ for the job interview?（ ） A. have; been preparing B. do; prepare C. will; prepare D. did; prepare 17. The new library ________ next year—now it’s still being designed.（ ） A. will be built B. will be being built C. is built D. was built 18. He ________ the guitar since he was a child, and now he’s a famous musician.（ ） A. plays B. has been playing C. played D. will play 19. When the fire broke out, the building ________ by many workers.（ ） A. was being built B. has been built C. is being built D. will be built 20. —Will you be free tomorrow afternoon? —No, I ________ a meeting.（ ） A. attend B. attended C. will be attending D. have attended 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. Ladies and gentlemen, we ______ (arrive) at Shanghai Station in 10 minutes. Please get ready. 2. She ______ (not work) next week—she’s on vacation. 3. By this time next year, he ______ (learn) English for 10 years. 4. The scientists ______ (analyze) the data all night. They need it for the report tomorrow. 5. Will you ______ (attend) the lecture on AI tomorrow afternoon? 6. My brother ______ (study) finance in university when he is 20. 7. They ______ (not hold) the sports meeting because of the bad weather. 8. I ______ (write) the article from 9 am to 12 am tomorrow. Don’t disturb me. 9. The plane ______ (take off) at 3 pm. Let’s go to the airport. 10. We ______ (travel) around Europe during the summer holiday. 二、单项选择 1. —I need someone to help me with the project. —I ______ you.（ ） A. will be helping B. will help C. am helping D. help 2. In 2030, more people ______ electric cars instead of gasoline cars.（ ） A. will drive B. will be driving C. drive D. are driving 3. —When ______ the meeting ______? — At 9 am. We need to prepare now.（ ） A. will; start B. is; starting C. will; be starting D. does; start 4. She ______ her grandparents this weekend. She has booked the train ticket.（ ） A. will visit B. will be visiting C. is visiting D. visits 5. The sun ______ at 6 am tomorrow. We can watch the sunrise.（ ） A. rises B. will rise C. will be rising D. is rising 6. —I forgot my wallet. — Don’t worry. I ______ you some money.（ ） A. will be lending B. will lend C. am going to lend D. lend 7. They ______ not ______ to the park because they have to study.（ ） A. will; go B. will; be going C. are; going D. do; go 8. Look! The workers ______ the bridge. They ______ it for three months.（ ） A. are building; will be building B. build; will build C. are building; will build D. build; will be building 9. We ______ a meeting this afternoon. It’s been planned for a week.（ ） A. will have B. will be having C. have D. are having 10. —Will you ______ using the computer this evening? —No, you can take it.（ ） A. be B. be being C. have D. have been 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Over the past decade, scientists ________ (develop) sustainable energy technologies. 2. The road ________ (repair) when we passed by yesterday. 3. This time next year, she ________ (teach) English in a rural middle school. 4. How long ________ they ________ (wait) for us before we arrived? 5. The project ________ (not complete) yet—they have been working on it for months. 6. When the storm hit, the houses ________ (build) in the village. 7. He ________ (not sleep) well recently because he has been preparing for the speech contest. 8. ________ the meeting ________ (hold) at 2 p.m. tomorrow? 9. Since she joined the club, she ________ (take) part in every activity. 10. The old building ________ (renovate) for half a year when we visited it last month. 二、翻译句子 11. 这栋教学楼自去年九月就一直在翻新。（现在完成进行时被动） 12. 明天这个时候，一场重要的班会将正在教室举行。（将来进行时被动） 13. 当老师走进教室时，学生们正在被要求提交作业。（过去进行时被动） 14. 他已经连续三个小时在准备英语演讲了，还没休息过。（现在完成进行时主动） 15. 昨天下午五点，工人们正在修建的那座桥突然倒塌了。（过去进行时被动） 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空（共 10 小题） 1.（2024·新课标I卷） By the time we reached the campsite, the sun ________ (set) behind the mountains. 2.（2023·全国甲卷）The researchers ________ (study) the effects of climate change for decades and have made great achievements. 3.（2022·浙江卷）When we arrived at the theater, the play ________ (already, start) for 15 minutes. 4.（2024·北京卷）This time next year, she ________ (pursue) her master’s degree in the US. 5.（2023·天津卷）The ancient relics ________ (protect) by the local government when we visited the site. 6.（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）While they were s (航行) at sea, their ship hit a big iceberg. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 二、单项选择 1．（22-23高二下·广东深圳·期中）—What will the weather be like tomorrow? —I have no idea. I was on the phone when the weather report ______. A．is broadcast B．had broadcast C．has been broadcast D．was being broadcast 2.（2024·新课标II卷）Over the past 20 years, China ________ great progress in environmental protection.（ ） A. makes B. made C. has been making D. will make 3.（2023·浙江卷）When the police arrived, the thieves ________ the stolen goods.（ ） A. hide B. were hiding C. have hidden D. will hide 4.（2022·新课标I卷） By the time the doctor arrived, the patient ________ for half an hour.（ ） A. has been dead B. had been dead C. was dead D. will be dead 5.（2024·天津卷）This time tomorrow, we ________ a video call with our friends in London.（ ） A. have B. had C. will be having D. are having 6.（2023·北京卷）The building ________ when the earthquake happened, causing many injuries.（ ） A. was being constructed B. is constructed C. has been constructed D. will be constructed 三、翻译 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）随着中国北方气温跌破冰点，冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动的热度不断攀升。(with) (汉译英) 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）通常让我们无法专注眼前工作的不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑。(…not…but…) (汉译英) 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 进行体的用法（现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去进行时与被动语态的结合的用法） （期末复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去进行时的核心结构（主动/被动）、时间逻辑判断； （2）高频难点：进行时与被动语态的叠加运用、不同进行时的语境适配、非延续性动词的转换、时态呼应规则； （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（单句/语篇）——时态与语态综合运用；• 单项选择——侧重时态辨析与被动结构判断； • 书面表达——时态呼应与语境适配。 语法填空题、单项选择、 句子翻译题、语篇语法填空 1．（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）While they were s (航行) at sea, their ship hit a big iceberg. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】sailing/ailing 2．（22-23高二下·广东深圳·期中）—What will the weather be like tomorrow? —I have no idea. I was on the phone when the weather report ______. A．is broadcast B．had broadcast C．has been broadcast D．was being broadcast 【答案】D 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）随着中国北方气温跌破冰点，冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动的热度不断攀升。(with) (汉译英) 【答案】With temperatures in northern China plunging below freezing, ice-snow tourism and winter sports activities are gaining surging popularity. 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）通常让我们无法专注眼前工作的不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑。(…not…but…) (汉译英) 【答案】Often what distracts us from the work at hand is not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety. 考情分析： 一、高频考点 1. 三大进行时核心逻辑：现在完成进行时强调“持续至今/刚结束”，将来进行时强调“将来特定时刻进行”，过去进行时强调“过去特定时刻进行”； 2. 被动语态叠加：重点是过去进行时被动（was/were being done）、现在完成进行时无被动（主动表持续）、将来进行时被动（will be being done，高频用于正式语境）； 3. 固定搭配：for/since（现在完成进行时）、this time tomorrow/next...（将来进行时）、at this time yesterday/when/while（过去进行时被动）。 二、命题特点 1. 语境依赖性极强：多以语篇或情景对话形式考查，需结合时间标志词和上下文判断； 2. 易错点集中：混淆进行时与完成时、遗漏被动语态中的“being”、非延续性动词误用进行时、时态呼应错误（主句过去时从句需对应过去时态）。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握三大进行时（含被动）的核心结构、时间标志词及适用场景，精准判断动作的“时间维度”与“主被动关系”； 2. 清晰区分易混时态（如现在完成进行时vs现在完成时、过去进行时被动vs过去完成时被动），规避典型错误； 3. 能在语法填空、单选、翻译、写作中灵活运用，掌握“找时间标志→判动作状态→定主被动→验结构”的解题步骤，提升综合解题能力。 现在完成进行时Present Perfect Continuous Tense 表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，可能仍在进行（强调“未中断”），也可能刚结束（留有明显痕迹），核心突出动作的“持续性、反复性”或情感色彩（如强调努力、疲惫、执着等），是现在完成时的“过程版”。 知识点01核心结构 •肯定式：主语 + have/has been + doing（第三人称单数用has，其余人称用have） •否定式：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，可能仍在进行（强调“未中断”），也可能刚结束（留有明显痕迹），核心突出动作的“持续性、反复性”或情感色彩（如强调努力、疲惫、执着等），是现在完成时的“过程版”。 知识点01核心结构 主语 + have/has not (haven’t/hasn’t) been + doing •疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing？ •特殊疑问式：疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing？ 知识点02 用法 1.持续至今的动作（与for/since连用，强调“未间断”）动作从过去延续到现在，无明显中断，常搭配“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点/从句”。 ￮例句：The volunteer team has been devoting every weekend to helping the elderly in remote areas for over two years.（这支志愿队两年多来每个周末都在偏远地区帮助老人，从未间断。） 2.刚结束的动作（根据语境推断，留痕明显）动作虽已结束，但结果或状态仍清晰可见，无需明确时间状语，需结合上下文判断。 ￮例句：His voice is hoarse—he has been delivering speeches about adventure spirit all afternoon.（他嗓子哑了，显然一下午都在做关于探险精神的演讲。） 3.反复发生的动作（强调“高频性”）表示一段时间内频繁出现的行为，突出动作的“重复性”而非单次结果。 ￮例句：The researcher has been trying to develop energy-saving technology for years, and finally made a breakthrough.（这位研究者多年来一直尝试研发节能技术，终于取得了突破。） 4.情感色彩强化（突出努力、艰辛或不满）用持续的动作传递主观情感，比一般时态更具感染力。 ￮例句：She has always been working tirelessly to promote volunteerism, and her efforts have inspired thousands of people.（她一直不知疲倦地推广志愿服务，她的努力激励了成千上万的人。） 知识点03 易混时态辨析 语法点 核心区别（本质差异） 例句（现在完成进行时） 例句（现在完成时） 现在完成进行时 强调“动作过程”，侧重“持续/反复”，无明确终点；可用于短暂性动词（表反复） He has been calling you for an hour—you’d better answer.（他给你打了一小时电话，你最好接一下。） He has called you three times.（他给你打了三次电话。） 现在完成时 强调“动作结果/完成”，侧重“是否达成”，有明确终点；短暂性动词不可与时间段连用 She has been writing the volunteer report since morning.（她从早上就一直在写志愿活动报告。） She has written three volunteer reports this month.（她这个月写了三份志愿活动报告。） 特殊提示 表“持续”时，二者可互换；但表“反复/情感”时，只能用现在完成进行时 They have been building the community center for half a year.（= They have built the community center for half a year.） 无替代形式：He has been complaining about the task—he’s so lazy.（他一直抱怨任务，太懒了。） 将来进行时Future Continuous Tense 表示将来某个特定时刻/时间段内正在进行的动作（强调“在进行”），或按计划、预料会发生的事（突出“客观性安排”，无主观意愿），比一般将来时更具“画面感”和“礼貌性”。 知识点01核心结构 •肯定式：主语 + will/shall be + doing（shall仅用于第一人称，正式场合） •否定式：主语 + will/shall not (won’t/shan’t) be + doing •疑问式：Will/Shall + 主语 + be + doing？ •特殊疑问式：疑问词 + Will/Shall + 主语 + be + doing？ •时间状语从句中：用现在进行时表将来进行时（When/If + 主语 + be doing, 主语 + will be doing） 知识点02核心用法 1.特定将来时刻的持续动作（强调“正在进行”）常搭配“this time tomorrow”“between 9-11 a.m. next Sunday”“at 7 p.m. tomorrow evening”等明确时间状语，突出“某一刻正在做”。 ￮例句：This time next month, we will be trekking through the mountains to experience real adventure.（下个月此时，我们将正在山间徒步，体验真正的探险。） 2.客观计划安排（无主观意愿，比will do更正式）表示已确定的计划，不强调“主观决定”，侧重“按流程进行”。 ￮例句：The charity organization will be launching a new donation campaign next quarter to help disaster-stricken areas.（该慈善机构下季度将启动新的捐赠活动，帮助灾区。） 3.委婉语气（询问/邀请，比will do更礼貌）用于向他人询问计划或发出邀请，避免生硬，体现尊重。 ￮例句：Will you be joining us in the volunteer training session next Friday afternoon?（下周五下午你会来参加志愿培训吗？） 4.将来自然发生的推测（无主观干预）基于逻辑或规律推测未来会发生的动作，不强调“刻意为之”。 ￮例句：In 2030, more families will be using intelligent home devices to simplify daily chores.（到2030年，更多家庭将正在使用智能家电简化日常家务。） 知识点03易混辨析 语法点 核心区别 例句（将来进行时） 例句（对比时态） 将来进行时 vs 一般将来时 前者强调“某时刻正在进行”，后者强调“动作将要发生”（结果）；前者无主观意愿，后者可表决心/计划 I will be writing the report at 8 p.m.（晚上8点我正在写报告。） I will write the report at 8 p.m.（晚上8点我会写报告。） 将来进行时 vs 将来完成时 前者强调“将来某刻的状态”，后者强调“将来某刻前完成的动作”（结果） By this time next year, I will be studying abroad.（明年此时我正在出国留学。） By this time next year, I will have studied abroad for a year.（明年此时我已出国留学一年了。） 过去进行时与被动语态的结合（Past Continuous Passive Voice） 表示过去某一特定时刻或时间段内正在进行的被动动作，强调“过去某一刻，主语正在被……”，是过去进行时的“被动版”，突出动作的“进行态+被动关系”。 知识点01基本结构 •肯定式：主语 + was/were + being + done（单数主语用was，复数主语用were） •否定式：主语 + was/were not + being + done •疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + being + done？ •特殊疑问式：疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + being + done？ •替换结构：主语 + was/were + under/on + 名词（简化表达，如under repair = being repaired） 知识点02核心用法 1.过去特定时刻正在进行的被动动作（与at this time yesterday/when/while连用）强调“某一过去时刻，主语正在被施加动作”，常搭配明确时间状语或时间状语从句。 ￮例句：At 9 a.m. yesterday, the volunteer application forms were being checked by the organizer.（昨天上午9点，志愿申请表正在被组织者审核。） 2.过去时间段内持续的被动动作（强调“持续被进行”）动作在过去某段时间内持续处于被动进行状态，无明确断点。 ￮例句：Many ancient cultural relics were being protected by the local government during the renovation project last year.（去年翻修项目期间，许多古代文物一直在被当地政府保护。） 3.替换结构（简化表达，提升语言简洁度）当动作是“被修理、被展览、被建造”等时，可用“was/were + under/on + 名词”替代，更符合书面语表达习惯。 ￮原句：The community center was being built when we passed by.（我们路过时，社区中心正在被建造。） ￮替换句：The community center was under construction when we passed by. ￮原句：The adventure photos were being exhibited in the library last week.（上周探险照片正在图书馆被展览。） ￮替换句：The adventure photos were on exhibition in the library last week. 知识点03易混辨析 语法点 核心区别 例句（过去进行时被动） 例句（对比时态） 与过去完成时被动 前者强调“过去某刻正在被做”，后者强调“过去某动作前已被完成”（过去的过去） The bridge was being built when the flood came.（洪水来临时，桥正在被建造。） The bridge had been built before the flood came.（洪水来之前，桥已被建好。） 与一般过去时被动 前者强调“进行状态”，后者强调“被动结果”；前者需明确“某时刻/时间段”，后者可接任意过去时间 The letter was being delivered at 3 p.m. yesterday.（昨天下午3点，信正在被投递。） The letter was delivered yesterday afternoon.（信昨天下午被投递了。） 解题｜技｜巧 1.找时间标志：识别 by + 过去时间点、before + 过去从句等明确标志，或通过上下文判断动作先后。 2.判动作先后：确定主句动作是否发生在另一个过去动作之前（“过去的过去”）。 3.定主动被动：分析主语与动作的关系 —— 主语发出动作→主动（had done）；主语承受动作→被动（had been done）。 4.验结构：检查否定式（not 位置）、疑问式（had 提前）、被动语态（been 不可漏）是否正确。 易｜混｜点｜规｜避 【即时检测】 一、单句语法填空 1.The two explorers ________ (survive) in the desert for seven days when they were finally rescued. 【答案】had been surviving 【解析】“被营救” 是过去动作，“在沙漠生存” 发生在 “被营救” 之前且持续 7 天，需用过去完成进行时，体现 “过去的过去持续动作”。 2.When you arrive at the airport tomorrow, the volunteer ________ (wait) for you at the exit with a sign. 【答案】will be waiting 【解析】when 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句需体现 “你到达时志愿者正在等待” 的场景，用将来进行时。 3.The manager ________ (not inform) the volunteers of the schedule change because he has been busy with the adventure campaign preparation. 【答案】hasn’t been informing 【解析】“一直忙于筹备探险活动” 是持续到现在的动作，且导致 “未通知日程变更” 的结果，用现在完成进行时否定式，突出动作持续对现在的影响。 4.The goods ________ (unload) when we arrived at the port, so we had to wait for an hour. 【答案】were being unloaded 【解析】“到达港口” 是过去动作，“卸货” 在此时正在进行且为被动（货物被卸），用过去进行时被动语态。 5.—Why is she so exhausted? —She ________ (practice) for the speech competition day and night for a month. 【答案】has been practicing 【解析】“日夜练习” 持续一个月，且直接导致 “疲惫” 的现在状态，用现在完成进行时突出动作持续过程与现在结果的关联。 6.How long ________ the team ________ (conduct) research on solar-powered equipment before they got the funding? 【答案】had; been conducting 【解析】“获得资金” 是过去动作，“研究” 发生在其之前且持续，用过去完成进行时；特殊疑问词后需接陈述语序，故助动词 had 提前，实义动词用 been conducting。 7.This documentary about polar exploration ________ (show) at this time last Sunday, but we missed it. 【答案】was being shown 【解析】“上周日此时” 是过去特定时刻，“纪录片” 处于 “被播放” 的进行状态，用过去进行时被动语态。 8.Since the organization ________ (launch) the “Save the Ocean” project, it ________ (attract) thousands of young volunteers. 【答案】launched; has been attracting 【解析】since 引导的时间状语从句需用一般过去时（表 “项目启动” 的过去动作），主句需体现 “启动后持续吸引志愿者” 的过程，用现在完成进行时。 9.Guess what! We’ve got visas for the Arctic expedition. This time next month, we ________ (explore) the frozen landscape. 【答案】will be exploring 【解析】“明年此时” 是将来特定时刻，需体现 “正在极地探险” 的画面感，用将来进行时。 10.________ the team ________ (use) solar-powered tents during the desert adventure? 【答案】Will; be using 【解析】句子询问将来计划中的动作，用将来进行时疑问式比 will do 更礼貌，且符合 “探险期间是否正在使用” 的语境。 二、选择题 1.Over the past decade, scientists ________ renewable energy solutions, and their efforts ________ a great difference to environmental protection.（ ） A. have been developing; have made B. have developed; have been making C. developed; made D. are developing; make 【答案】A 【解析】第一空 “过去十年持续研发” 是持续到现在的过程，用现在完成进行时；第二空 “产生影响” 是研发带来的明确结果，用现在完成时，选 A。 2.—Why was the road closed yesterday? —Because it ________ and the workers warned people not to pass.（ ） A. repaired B. was repairing C. was being repaired D. had been repaired 【答案】C 【解析】“道路被关闭” 的原因是 “当时正在被维修”，需体现过去进行时的被动状态（道路被维修），选 C。 3.At 10 a.m. next Monday, the president ________ a speech about the importance of combining technology with volunteer work.（ ）A. gives B. will give C. will be giving D. is giving 【答案】C 【解析】“下周一上午 10 点” 是将来特定时刻，需体现 “正在发表演讲” 的进行状态，用将来进行时，选 C。 4.By the end of this year, the company ________ intelligent robots to assist volunteers in disaster relief for three years.（ ）A. will use B. will be using C. will have been using D. has used 【答案】C 【解析】“到年底” 是将来时间，“使用机器人” 需体现 “持续三年” 的过程，用将来完成进行时（表 “将来某时已持续的动作”），选 C。 5.Which of the following is the correct passive voice of “They were testing the new intelligent equipment for adventure at this time last week”?（ ） A. The new intelligent equipment for adventure was testing by them at this time last week. B. The new intelligent equipment for adventure was being tested by them at this time last week. C. The new intelligent equipment for adventure has been tested by them at this time last week. D. The new intelligent equipment for adventure is being tested by them at this time last week. 【答案】B 【解析】原句是过去进行时主动语态，改为被动需保留 “过去进行时”（was/were being done），且主语 “设备” 与 “测试” 是被动关系，选 B。 6.When I passed the classroom, the speech about adventure spirit ________ by a famous explorer.（ ） A. gave B. was giving C. was being given D. had been given 【答案】C 【解析】“路过教室” 是过去时刻，“演讲” 当时正在进行且为被动（演讲被发表），用过去进行时被动语态，选 C。 7.—I heard you ________ the ancient ruins for weeks. —Yes, we just came back yesterday. It ________ a tough but rewarding experience.（ ） A. have explored; is B. have been exploring; was C. had been exploring; was D. explored; is 【答案】C 【解析】第一空 “探索遗址” 发生在 “听说” 之前且持续数周，用过去完成进行时；第二空 “经历” 是过去的（昨天回来），用一般过去时，选 C。 8.—What will you be doing this weekend? —I ________ in the mountains with my friends to collect garbage for environmental protection.（ ） A. hike B. will hike C. will be hiking D. have hiked 【答案】C 【解析】问句询问 “周末正在做什么”，答句需呼应 “将来进行时”，体现 “周末期间正在爬山捡垃圾” 的状态，选 C。 9.The student ________ English by participating in international volunteer programs since he entered high school.（ ） A. improves B. improved C. has been improving D. has improved 【答案】C 【解析】“自从高中入学” 持续到现在，需强调 “通过志愿活动持续提升英语” 的过程，用现在完成进行时，选 C。 10.The bridge ________ when the earthquake happened, which caused great damage to the project.（ ） A. was being built B. built C. was building D. had been built 【答案】A 【解析】“地震发生时” 是过去时刻，“桥” 当时正在被建造（被动），用过去进行时被动语态，选 A。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. Over the past decade, scientists ________ (develop) sustainable energy technologies. （答案：have been developing） 【解析】over the past decade 是现在完成进行时的标志词，表动作从过去持续到现在且可能仍在进行。“sustainable energy technologies”（可持续能源技术）为高二上册必修核心词汇组合，符合水平要求，故填 have been developing。 2.The road ________ (repair) when we passed by yesterday. 3. （答案：was being repaired） 4. 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（passed by），主句表“过去某一时刻正在发生的动作”，用过去进行时；road 与 repair 是被动关系，故填 was being repaired。“passed by”为必修短语，词汇难度适配。 5. This time next year, she ________ (teach) English in a rural middle school. 6. （答案：will be teaching） 7. 【解析】this time next year 是将来进行时的标志词，表“将来某一时刻正在进行的动作”。“rural middle school”（农村中学）为基础词汇组合，符合高二上册水平，故填 will be teaching。 8. How long ________ they ________ (wait) for us before we arrived? 9. （答案：had; been waiting） 10. 【解析】before 从句用一般过去时（arrived），主句表“在过去动作之前持续进行的动作”，用过去完成进行时。“wait for”为必修基础短语，故填 had; been waiting。 11. The project ________ (not complete) yet—they have been working on it for months. 12. （答案：hasn’t been completed） 13. 【解析】yet 是现在完成时的标志词，project 与 complete 是被动关系，用现在完成时被动语态；“work on”为必修短语，“for months”提示持续动作，故填 hasn’t been completed。 14. When the storm hit, the houses ________ (build) in the village. 15. （答案：were being built） 16. 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（hit），主句表“过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作”；houses 与 build 是被动关系，用过去进行时被动语态。“storm”“village”均为基础词汇，故填 were being built。 17. He ________ (not sleep) well recently because he has been preparing for the speech contest. 18. （答案：hasn’t been sleeping） 19. 【解析】recently 是现在完成进行时的标志词，表动作持续到现在且影响当前状态；“speech contest”（演讲比赛）为高二上册常见短语，符合水平，故填 hasn’t been sleeping。 20. ________ the meeting ________ (hold) at 2 p.m. tomorrow? 21. （答案：Will; be being held） 22. 【解析】at 2 p.m. tomorrow 是将来进行时的具体时间标志，meeting 与 hold 是被动关系，用将来进行时被动语态。“hold a meeting”为必修核心短语，故填 Will; be being held。 23. Since she joined the club, she ________ (take) part in every activity. 24. （答案：has been taking） 25. 【解析】since 从句用一般过去时（joined），主句用现在完成进行时表动作从过去持续到现在。“join the club”“take part in”均为必修基础短语，故填 has been taking。 26. The old building ________ (renovate) for half a year when we visited it last month. （答案：had been being renovated） 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（visited），主句表“过去动作之前持续进行的被动动作”，用过去完成进行时被动语态。“renovate”（翻新）替代超纲词“restore”，为高二上册必修词，故填 had been being renovated。 二、单项选择 11. By the time we got to the station, the train ________ for 10 minutes.（ ） A. has left B. had been away C. was leaving D. will be leaving 【答案】B 【解析】by the time 从句用一般过去时（got to），主句需用过去完成时；leave 是短暂性动词，不能与 for 10 minutes 连用，需用延续性短语 be away。A 是现在完成时（时态不符），C 是过去进行时（表即将离开，无持续含义），D 是将来进行时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 12. The charity organization ________ food and clothes to the homeless for five years.（ ） A. has been providing B. provided C. will provide D. is providing 【答案】A 【解析】for five years 提示动作持续到现在，用现在完成进行时强调持续状态；“charity organization”（慈善机构）“homeless”均为高二上册必修词汇。B 是一般过去时（无持续含义），C 是一般将来时（时态不符），D 是现在进行时（表当前正在进行，不强调持续五年），故排除 B、C、D。 13. When I called her, she ________ her homework.（ ） A. does B. was doing C. has done D. will be doing 【答案】B 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（called），主句表“打电话那一刻正在做的动作”，用过去进行时。A 是一般现在时（时态不符），C 是现在完成时（表动作已完成，无“当时正在”含义），D 是将来进行时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 14. This time tomorrow, we ________ a picnic in the city park.（ ） A. have B. had C. will be having D. are having 【答案】C 【解析】this time tomorrow 是将来进行时的标志词，表“明天这个时候正在进行的动作”；“picnic”“city park”均为基础词汇。A 是一般现在时（时态不符），B 是一般过去时（时态错误），D 是现在进行时表将来（表计划，但不强调“明天此时正在进行”），故排除 A、B、D。 15. The documents ________ by the secretary when the manager came in.（ ） A. are being typed B. were being typed C. have been typed D. will be typed 【答案】B 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（came in），主句表“经理进来时正在进行的被动动作”，用过去进行时被动语态；“documents”“secretary”“manager”均为必修词汇。A 是现在进行时被动（时态不符），C 是现在完成时被动（表动作已完成，无“当时正在”含义），D 是一般将来时被动（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 16. How long ________ you ________ for the job interview?（ ） A. have; been preparing B. do; prepare C. will; prepare D. did; prepare 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“你为求职面试准备多久了”，强调持续准备的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成进行时；“job interview”（求职面试）为高二上册常见短语。B 是一般现在时（表经常性动作，无持续含义），C 是一般将来时（时态不符），D 是一般过去时（表过去某段时间的动作，不强调持续到现在），故排除 B、C、D。 17. The new library ________ next year—now it’s still being designed.（ ） A. will be built B. will be being built C. is built D. was built 【答案】B 【解析】next year 提示将来，结合“现在仍在设计”的语境，表“明年（某段时间）正在建造”，用将来进行时被动语态；“library”“designed”均为必修词汇。A 是一般将来时被动（表动作将完成，不强调“正在建造”），C 是一般现在时被动（时态不符），D 是一般过去时被动（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 18. He ________ the guitar since he was a child, and now he’s a famous musician.（ ） A. plays B. has been playing C. played D. will play 【答案】B 【解析】since 从句用一般过去时（was a child），主句表动作从过去持续到现在且对现在有影响（成为著名音乐家），用现在完成进行时；“guitar”“musician”均为必修词汇。A 是一般现在时（表经常性动作，无持续含义），C 是一般过去时（表过去某段时间的动作，不持续到现在），D 是一般将来时（时态错误），故排除 A、C、D。 19. When the fire broke out, the building ________ by many workers.（ ） A. was being built B. has been built C. is being built D. will be built 【答案】A 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（broke out），主句表“火灾发生时正在进行的被动动作”，用过去进行时被动语态；“fire broke out”（火灾爆发）为必修短语。B 是现在完成时被动（时态不符），C 是现在进行时被动（时态不符），D 是一般将来时被动（时态错误），故排除 B、C、D。 20. —Will you be free tomorrow afternoon? —No, I ________ a meeting.（ ） A. attend B. attended C. will be attending D. have attended 【答案】C 【解析】问句询问“明天下午是否有空”，答句表“明天下午正在开会”，用将来进行时委婉回应；“attend a meeting”为必修核心短语。A 是一般现在时（时态不符），B 是一般过去时（时态错误），D 是现在完成时（表动作已完成，时态不符），故排除 A、B、D。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. Ladies and gentlemen, we ______ (arrive) at Shanghai Station in 10 minutes. Please get ready. 【答案】will be arriving 【解析】时间标志词 in 10 minutes 表近期将来，用将来进行时 will be arriving 表“即将持续发生的动作”。 2. She ______ (not work) next week—she’s on vacation. 【答案】won’t be working 【解析】next week 表未来时间段，结合“度假”的语境，用将来进行时否定式 won’t be working 表“未来不会持续工作”。 3. By this time next year, he ______ (learn) English for 10 years. 【答案】will be learning 【解析】by this time next year 表“明年此时”，用将来进行时表“持续学习的状态”，强调动作的持续性。 4. The scientists ______ (analyze) the data all night. They need it for the report tomorrow. 【答案】will be analyzing 【解析】all night 表持续时间段，结合“明天需要报告”的语境，用将来进行时表“整晚持续分析数据”。 5. Will you ______ (attend) the lecture on AI tomorrow afternoon? 【答案】be attending 【解析】tomorrow afternoon 表未来时间，will be attending 为将来进行时的一般疑问形式，语气更委婉。 6. My brother ______ (study) finance in university when he is 20. 【答案】will be studying 【解析】when he is 20 表未来特定时间点，用将来进行时表“届时正在持续的学习状态”。 7. They ______ (not hold) the sports meeting because of the bad weather. 【答案】won’t be holding 【解析】结合“恶劣天气”的语境，用将来进行时否定式 won’t be holding 表“原本计划的运动会不会持续举办”。 8. I ______ (write) the article from 9 am to 12 am tomorrow. Don’t disturb me. 【答案】will be writing 【解析】from 9 am to 12 am tomorrow 表未来具体持续时间段，用将来进行时表“期间持续写作”，提示不要打扰。 9. The plane ______ (take off) at 3 pm. Let’s go to the airport. 【答案】will be taking off 【解析】3 pm 表未来特定时间，用将来进行时 will be taking off 表“飞机即将起飞”，强调计划中的动作。 10. We ______ (travel) around Europe during the summer holiday. 【答案】will be traveling 【解析】during the summer holiday 表未来持续时间段，用将来进行时表“假期中持续旅行”。 二、单项选择 1. —I need someone to help me with the project. —I ______ you.（ ） A. will be helping B. will help C. am helping D. help 【答案】B 【解析】语境为“对方需要帮助”后的临时回应，用一般将来时 will help 表“临时决定”；将来进行时表持续动作，不符合“即时回应”场景。 【错误原因】A项 will be helping 表持续帮助，无持续语境；C项 am helping 表现在进行时（当前计划），不符合“临时回应”；D项 help 为一般现在时（常态），逻辑不符。 2. In 2030, more people ______ electric cars instead of gasoline cars.（ ） A. will drive B. will be driving C. drive D. are driving 【答案】B 【解析】2030 表未来时间，“更多人开电动车”是客观趋势，用将来进行时 will be driving 表“未来持续发生的趋势”，更贴合语境。 3. —When ______ the meeting ______? —At 9 am. We need to prepare now.（ ） A. will; start B. is; starting C. will; be starting D. does; start 【答案】C 【解析】询问会议开始时间，用将来进行时 will be starting 语气更委婉，符合“需要提前准备”的正式语境；一般将来时 start 语气较生硬。 4. She ______ her grandparents this weekend. She has booked the train ticket.（ ） A. will visit B. will be visiting C. is visiting D. visits 【答案】B 【解析】this weekend 表未来时间段，“已订票”为计划依据，用将来进行时 will be visiting 表“周末持续看望祖父母”，强调动作的持续性。 5. The sun ______ at 6 am tomorrow. We can watch the sunrise.（ ） A. rises B. will rise C. will be rising D. is rising 【答案】A 【解析】太阳升起是客观真理，不受时间状语 tomorrow 影响，用一般现在时 rises；将来进行时不用于客观真理。 6. —I forgot my wallet. —Don’t worry. I ______ you some money.（ ） A. will be lending B. will lend C. am going to lend D. lend 【答案】B 【解析】“忘钱包”后的临时回应，用一般将来时 will lend 表“临时决定借钱”；将来进行时表持续动作，不符合语境。 7. They ______ not ______ to the park because they have to study.（ ） A. will; go B. will; be going C. are; going D. do; go 【答案】B 【解析】“因学习不能去公园”是未来计划的否定，用将来进行时否定式 will not be going 表“未来不会持续进行的动作”，更贴合语境。 8. Look! The workers ______ the bridge. They ______ it for three months.（ ） A. are building; will be building B. build; will build C. are building; will build D. build; will be building 【答案】A 【解析】第一空 Look! 提示现在进行时 are building（当前正在建）；第二空 for three months 表未来持续时间段，用 will be building 表“未来将持续建三个月”。 9. We ______ a meeting this afternoon. It’s been planned for a week.（ ） A. will have B. will be having C. have D. are having 【答案】B 【解析】this afternoon 表未来时间段，“计划一周”为依据，用将来进行时 will be having 表“下午持续开会”，强调动作的持续性。 10. —Will you ______ using the computer this evening? —No, you can take it.（ ） A. be B. be being C. have D. have been 【答案】A 【解析】礼貌询问对方“今晚是否会持续用电脑”，用将来进行时的省略结构 will be using（完整形式），此处空格填 be，符合“will be + 现在分词”结构。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Over the past decade, scientists ________ (develop) sustainable energy technologies. （答案：have been developing） 【解析】over the past decade 是现在完成进行时的标志词，表动作从过去持续到现在且可能仍在进行。“sustainable energy technologies”（可持续能源技术）故填 have been developing。 2. The road ________ (repair) when we passed by yesterday. （答案：was being repaired） 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（passed by），主句表“过去某一时刻正在发生的动作”，用过去进行时；road 与 repair 是被动关系，故填 was being repaired。“passed by”为必修短语，词汇难度适配。 3. This time next year, she ________ (teach) English in a rural middle school. （答案：will be teaching） 【解析】this time next year 是将来进行时的标志词，表“将来某一时刻正在进行的动作”。“rural middle school”（农村中学），故填 will be teaching。 4. How long ________ they ________ (wait) for us before we arrived? （答案：had; been waiting） 【解析】before 从句用一般过去时（arrived），主句表“在过去动作之前持续进行的动作”，用过去完成进行时。故填 had; been waiting。 5. The project ________ (not complete) yet—they have been working on it for months. （答案：hasn’t been completed） 【解析】yet 是现在完成时的标志词，project 与 complete 是被动关系，用现在完成时被动语态；“work on”为必修短语，“for months”提示持续动作，故填 hasn’t been completed。 6. When the storm hit, the houses ________ (build) in the village. （答案：were being built） 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（hit），主句表“过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作”；houses 与 build 是被动关系，用过去进行时被动语态。“storm”“village”均为基础词汇，故填 were being built。 7. He ________ (not sleep) well recently because he has been preparing for the speech contest. （答案：hasn’t been sleeping） 【解析】recently 是现在完成进行时的标志词，表动作持续到现在且影响当前状态；“speech contest”（演讲比赛），符合水平，故填 hasn’t been sleeping。 8. ________ the meeting ________ (hold) at 2 p.m. tomorrow? （答案：Will; be being held） 【解析】at 2 p.m. tomorrow 是将来进行时的具体时间标志，meeting 与 hold 是被动关系，用将来进行时被动语态。“hold a meeting”为必修核心短语，故填 Will; be being held。 9. Since she joined the club, she ________ (take) part in every activity. （答案：has been taking） 【解析】since 从句用一般过去时（joined），主句用现在完成进行时表动作从过去持续到现在，故填 has been taking。 10. The old building ________ (renovate) for half a year when we visited it last month. （答案：had been being renovated） 【解析】when 从句用一般过去时（visited），主句表“过去动作之前持续进行的被动动作”，用过去完成进行时被动语态。 二、翻译句子 11. 这栋教学楼自去年九月就一直在翻新。（现在完成进行时被动） 【答案】This teaching building has been being renovated since last September. 【解析】“自去年九月”用since last September，提示动作持续到现在，用现在完成进行时；“教学楼”与“翻新”是被动关系，故用被动语态； 12. 明天这个时候，一场重要的班会将正在教室举行。（将来进行时被动） 【答案】This time tomorrow, an important class meeting will be being held in the classroom. 【解析】“明天这个时候”用this time tomorrow，是将来进行时标志；13. 当老师走进教室时，学生们正在被要求提交作业。（过去进行时被动） 【答案】When the teacher walked into the classroom, the students were being asked to hand in their homework. 【解析】“老师走进教室”是过去动作（walked into），主句表“此时正在进行的被动动作”，用过去进行时被动；“hand in homework”“walk into”为必修短语，词汇难度适配。 14. 他已经连续三个小时在准备英语演讲了，还没休息过。（现在完成进行时主动） 【答案】He has been preparing for the English speech for three hours in a row and hasn’t rested yet. 【解析】“连续三个小时”用for three hours in a row，提示动作持续且未中断，用现在完成进行时主动；“prepare for”“English speech”“in a row”。 15. 昨天下午五点，工人们正在修建的那座桥突然倒塌了。（过去进行时被动） 【答案】At five o’clock yesterday afternoon, the bridge that was being built by the workers collapsed suddenly. 【解析】“昨天下午五点”是过去具体时间点，表“此时桥正在被修建”，用过去进行时被动。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 一、语法填空（共 10 小题） 1.（2024·新课标I卷）By the time we reached the campsite, the sun ________ (set) behind the mountains. 【答案】had set 【解析】“到达营地”是过去发生的动作，“太阳落山”发生在“到达”之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。延伸：过去完成时核心用法——强调过去某一动作先于另一过去动作完成，常见时间标志词有by the time、before、when等。 2.（2023·全国甲卷）The researchers ________ (study) the effects of climate change for decades and have made great achievements. 【答案】have been studying 【解析】“for decades”体现动作持续数十年且仍可能继续，“取得成就”是持续研究的结果，用现在完成进行时突出动作连续性。延伸：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别——前者侧重“持续过程”，后者侧重“完成结果”，当时间状语为for+时间段时，优先用进行时体现动作延续性。 3.（2022·浙江卷）When we arrived at the theater, the play ________ (already, start) for 15 minutes. 【答案】had already been on 【解析】“arrived”是过去动作，“戏剧开始”早于“到达”，需用过去完成时；且“start”是瞬间动词，不能与“for 15 minutes”延续性时间状语连用，需转换为延续性短语“be on”。延伸：瞬间动词（start、begin、leave等）与延续性时间状语连用时，需转换为对应延续性结构（如start→be on、leave→be away）。 4.（2024·北京卷）This time next year, she ________ (pursue) her master’s degree in the US. 【答案】will be pursuing 【解析】“this time next year”明确指向将来特定时刻，需用将来进行时表“届时正在进行的动作”。延伸：将来进行时核心场景——描述将来某一具体时间点/时间段正在发生的动作，比一般将来时更具画面感，常见标志词有this time tomorrow/next year、at 3 p.m. next Friday等。 5.（2023·天津卷）The ancient relics ________ (protect) by the local government when we visited the site. 【答案】were being protected 【解析】“when we visited”是过去特定时刻，“文物保护”在此时正在进行且为被动关系（文物被保护），需用过去进行时被动语态。延伸：过去进行时被动语态结构为“was/were being done”，侧重“过去某一时刻正在被进行的动作”，常与when、while引导的时间状语从句连用。 6.（23-24高二上·上海崇明·期末）While they were s (航行) at sea, their ship hit a big iceberg. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】sailing 【解析】提示词“航行”对应英文动词sail，结合while引导的时间状语从句结构“were + doing”（过去进行时），需填sail的现在分词形式sailing。延伸：单词拼写需结合语法语境——while从句常与进行时连用，此处主句为一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，故填现在分词形式。 二、单项选择 1．（22-23高二下·广东深圳·期中）—What will the weather be like tomorrow? —I have no idea. I was on the phone when the weather report ______. A．is broadcast B．had broadcast C．has been broadcast D．was being broadcast 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：——明天天气会怎样？——我不知道。天气预报播送的时候我正在打电话。结合上文I was on the phone when the weather report可知指过去某个时刻正在做某事，应用过去进行时，且the weather report与broadcast构成被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态。故选D。 2.（2024·新课标II卷）Over the past 20 years, China ________ great progress in environmental protection.（ ） A. makes B. made C. has been making D. will make 【答案】C 【详解】over the past 20 years提示现在完成进行时） 3.（2023·浙江卷）When the police arrived, the thieves ________ the stolen goods.（ ） A. hide B. were hiding C. have hidden D. will hide 【答案】B 【详解】“警察到达时小偷正在藏赃物”，用过去进行时） 4.（2022·新课标I卷）By the time the doctor arrived, the patient ________ for half an hour.（ ） A. has been dead B. had been dead C. was dead D. will be dead 【答案】B 【详解】“医生到达前病人已去世半小时”，用过去完成时） 5.（2024·天津卷）This time tomorrow, we ________ a video call with our friends in London.（ ） A. have B. had C. will be having D. are having 【答案】C 【详解】this time tomorrow提示将来进行时） 6.（2023·北京卷）The building ________ when the earthquake happened, causing many injuries.（ ） A. was being constructed B. is constructed C. has been constructed D. will be constructed 【答案】A 【详解】“地震发生时建筑正在施工”，用过去进行时被动） 三、翻译 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）随着中国北方气温跌破冰点，冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动的热度不断攀升。(with) (汉译英) 【答案】With temperatures in northern China plunging below freezing, ice-snow tourism and winter sports activities are gaining surging popularity. 【详解】考查with复合结构、名词（短语）、动词和形容词。句子可看作描述当前正在发生的情况，时态宜用现在进行时；“随着中国北方气温跌破冰点”可用with复合结构，作状语，其中宾语“中国北方气温”可用名词短语temperatures in northern China，宾语补足语“跌破冰点”可用动词短语plunge below freezing，temperatures与plunge逻辑上是主动关系，因此用plunge的现在分词形式；“冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动的热度不断攀升”可理解为“冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动受到越来越多的欢迎”，主语“冰雪旅游和冰雪体育活动”可用名词短语ice-snow tourism和winter sports activities，中间用并列连词and连接，谓语“受到”可用动词gain，宾语“越来越多的欢迎”可用名词短语surging popularity。故可译为：With temperatures in northern China plunging below freezing, ice-snow tourism and winter sports activities are gaining surging popularity. 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）通常让我们无法专注眼前工作的不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑。(…not…but…) (汉译英) 【答案】Often what distracts us from the work at hand is not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句以及并列连词。根据句意，表示“通常”为often作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“让我们无法专注眼前工作的”可以理解为“让我们从眼前工作中分神的”，使用what引导的主语从句，what在句中作主语，表示“使某人从某事物中分神”为distract sb. from sth.，结合句意，此处表示经常发生的动作，使用一般现在时，主语为what，所以谓语动词为单数形式，表示“眼前工作”可译为the work at hand，所以，主语从句可译为Often what distracts us from the work at hand；根据提示，表示“不是周遭发生的事情而是自己内心的躁动和焦虑”应为“not…but…”连接的并列结构，表示“是”为be动词，用于一般现在时，主语从句作主语，谓语动词为单数，所以be动词为is；表示“周遭发生的事情”描述的是当前正在进行的动作，所以使用现在进行时，该句可使用what引导的表语从句，可译为what is happening around us；表示“自己内心的躁动和焦虑”为our own inner agitation and anxiety与what is happening around us使用“not…but…”连接，所以表语部分译为not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety。故翻译为Often what distracts us from the work at hand is not what is happening around us, but our own inner agitation and anxiety. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $