新课7 必修第一册 Unit 4 Customs and Traditions（词汇+课文）（沪外版2020）（教材预习讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪外版必修一Unit 4 Customs and Traditions（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 worldwide adv. 在全世界；在世界各地 - adulthood n. 成年 reach/adulthood（达到成年） childishness n. 孩子气；稚嫩 - responsibility n. 职责；义务 shoulder/bear responsibility（承担责任） take on responsibility（接受责任） ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 hold a ceremony（举行仪式） youth n. （统称）青年，年轻人；青年时期 in one's youth（在青年时期） coming-of-age n. 成年；成人年龄 coming-of-age ceremony（成人礼） occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on this/that occasion（在这 / 那个场合） topic n. 话题；标题 a hot/key topic（热门 / 关键话题） citizen n. 公民 a law-abiding citizen（守法公民） multiculturalism n. 多元文化主义 - civic adj. 市民的；城镇居民的 civic duty（公民义务） respect n./v. 尊重；重视 show respect for...（对… 表示尊重） respect sb.'s opinion（尊重某人观点） duty n. 责任；义务 fulfill one's duty（履行职责） event n. 公开活动；社交场合；重要事情 a major/significant event（重大事件） tradition n. 传统，传统信仰（或风俗） follow/keep up a tradition（遵循传统） entry n. 进入（行动）；加入（权利、机会） entry into...（进入…） womanhood n. 成年女子的状态 reach womanhood（步入成年女性阶段） marriage n. 婚姻；结婚 a happy/arranged marriage（幸福 / 包办婚姻） sewing n. 缝纫 sewing machine（缝纫机） household adj./n. 家庭的；家用的 / 家庭 household chores（家务） a household of five（五口之家） upcoming adj. 即将发生（或来临）的 an upcoming event（即将到来的活动） male n./adj. 男性；雄性 / 男性的 male/female gender（男性 / 女性） individual adj./n. 一个人的；个人 individual rights（个人权利） sacred adj. 神圣的 a sacred place/ritual（神圣的地方 / 仪式） thread n. （棉、毛、丝等的）线 a piece of thread（一根线） perform v. 履行；执行 perform a task/duty（执行任务 / 职责） strand n. （线、绳、毛发等的）股，缕 a strand of hair（一缕头发） represent v. 作为…… 的象征；代表 represent a country/idea（代表国家 / 理念） intellectual adj. 智力的；理智的 intellectual ability/property（智力 / 知识产权） vary v. （根据情况）变化，改变 vary from...to...（从… 到… 变化） significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地 significantly improve/increase（显著改善 / 增加） specific adj. 特有的；明确的；具体的 specific details/requirements（具体细节 / 要求） ritual n. 仪式；程序；礼节 religious/traditional rituals（宗教 / 传统仪式） symbolise v. 是…… 的象征；代表 symbolise peace/freedom（象征和平 / 自由） transition n. 过渡；转变 transition from...to...（从… 过渡到…） childhood n. 童年；孩童时期 in childhood（在童年时期） refer v. 描述；与…… 相关；提到 refer to...as...（把… 称作…） refer to a dictionary（查字典） graduate v. 获得学位；大学毕业 graduate from...（从… 毕业） campus n. （大学、学院的）校园 on campus（在校园里） reminisce v. 回忆，追忆 reminisce about...（回忆…） current adj. 当前的；现在的 current affairs/situation（时事 / 现状） alumni n. （统称）校友，毕业生 alumni association（校友会） themed adj. 特定主题的 a themed party/event（主题派对 / 活动） rent v. （短期）租用，租借 rent a house/car（租房子 / 车） senior n. 高年级学生 a senior in high school/college（高中 / 大学高年级学生） pajamas n. （一套）睡衣裤 a pair of pajamas（一套睡衣） election n. 选举，推选 hold an election（举行选举） accompany v. 伴随；陪同 accompany sb. to...（陪同某人到…） court n. 王宫；宫殿；法院 royal court（宫廷） court of law（法院） prince n. 王子；亲王 the prince of Wales（威尔士亲王） princess n. 王室女成员；公主 a Disney princess（迪士尼公主） select v. 选择；挑选 select from...（从… 中挑选） elect v. 选举，推选 elect sb. as...（选举某人为…） involve v. （使）参加；牵涉 be involved in...（参与…；与… 有关联） stage v./n. 上演 / 阶段，状态 stage a play（上演戏剧） at this stage（在这个阶段） parade n. 游行 hold a parade（举行游行） march v. 齐步走；行进 march forward（向前行进） band n. 乐队 a rock/jazz band（摇滚 / 爵士乐队） classic adj. 典雅的，古朴的 classic music/art（古典音乐 / 艺术） socialize v. 交往，交际 socialize with sb.（与某人社交） casual adj. 非正式的 casual clothes/meeting（休闲装 / 非正式会议） formal adj. 正式的；庄重的 formal attire/ceremony（正式着装 / 仪式） affair n. 事件；事情 a social/political affair（社交 / 政治事件） DJ n. 唱片节目主持人 a club DJ（夜店 DJ） gymnasium n. 健身房；体育馆 in the gymnasium（在体育馆里） cafeteria n. 自助餐厅，自助食堂 school cafeteria（学校食堂） entire adj. 全部的；完全的 the entire world/team（整个世界 / 团队） partner n. 搭档；同伴 a business/dancing partner（商业伙伴 / 舞伴） bow n. 鞠躬；弯腰行礼 take/make a bow（鞠躬） remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb. of...（使某人想起…） remind sb. to do...（提醒某人做…） participant n. 参与者；参加者 an active participant（积极参与者） graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 a graceful dance/movement（优雅的舞蹈 / 动作） nation n. 国家；民族 a sovereign nation（主权国家） wreath n. 花环 a Christmas wreath（圣诞花环） symbol n. 象征 a symbol of peace/unity（和平 / 团结的象征） Jew n. 犹太人 Jewish culture（犹太文化） stationery n. 文具 stationery store（文具店） item n. 一件物品；项目 an item of clothing/luggage（一件衣物 / 行李） indicate v. 象征；暗示 indicate sth. to sb.（向某人暗示某事） dress up 动词短语 穿上盛装；穿上正装 dress up for a party（为派对盛装打扮） stand for 动词短语 象征；是…… 意思 What does "UN" stand for?（“UN” 代表什么？） leave... behind 动词短语 脱离（某状态）；离开 leave the past behind（放下过去） shoulder responsibilities 动词短语 对某事承担责任 shoulder family/social responsibilities（承担家庭 / 社会责任） on the rise 介词短语 在上涨，在上升 Crime rate is on the rise.（犯罪率在上升。） a sense of 介词短语 …… 感，…… 意识 a sense of humor/responsibility（幽默感 / 责任感） take on 动词短语 接受；承担（责任） take on a new challenge/role（接受新挑战 / 角色） give … away 动词短语 （在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎 The father gives his daughter away.（父亲将女儿交给新郎。） homecoming n. 校友返校活动 homecoming game/dance（返校节比赛 / 舞会） centre around 动词短语 围绕 The story centres around a family.（故事围绕一个家庭展开。） show up 动词短语 如约赶到；出现 Show up on time.（准时到场。） (be) involved in 动词短语 参与……；与…… 有关联 She is involved in charity work.（她参与慈善工作。） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. responsibility n. 责任 → responsible adj. 负责的；irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 2. ceremony n. 典礼 → ceremonial adj. 仪式的；ceremoniously adv. 隆重地 3. youth n. 青年 → young adj. 年轻的；youthful adj. 青春的 4. citizen n. 公民 → citizenship n. 公民身份；citizenry n. 公民（总称） 5. respect n./v. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的；disrespect n./v. 无礼 6. duty n. 义务 → dutiful adj. 尽职的；dutifully adv. 忠实地 7. tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统上 8. perform v. 执行 → performance n. 表现；performer n. 表演者 9. represent v. 代表 → representation n. 代表；representative adj. 典型的 10. involve v. 牵涉 → involvement n. 参与；involved adj. 复杂的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 leave childishness behind 脱离稚嫩 2 shoulder grown-up responsibilities 肩负起成人的责任 3 include multiculturalism and general responsibilities 包括多元文化主义和一般责任 4 on the rise 在上升 5 have respect for other people 尊重他人 6 have a sense of duty 有责任感 7 take on these values 接受这些价值观 8 be treated differently from other coming-of-age events 和其他成人仪式不同 9 mark a girl’s entry into womanhood 标志着女孩成年 10 other general household skills 其他一般的家务技能 11 get prepared for their upcoming marriage 为她们将来的婚姻做准备 12 perform the sacred thread ceremony 进行圣线仪式 13 represent three promises 代表三个承诺 14 vary significantly from culture to culture 在各个文化中大相径庭 15 have specific rituals 有独特的礼节 16 symbolise one’s transition from childhood to adulthood 代表一个人从童年转变为成年 17 refer to a tradition at many university 指的是许多大学的传统 18 reminisce about the school days 回忆校园时光 19 centre around homecoming 围绕着校友返校活动 20 show up 如约赶到 21 rent a senior 租借一个高年级学生 22 wear your pajamas to school 把睡衣穿去学校 23 hold elections for Homecoming King 选举返校日国王 24 be selected from among the upper-level students 从高年级学生中选出 25 be involved in school activities 参加学习活动 26 stage a homecoming parade 上演返校日游行 27 take place on the Friday night 发生在周五晚 28 no matter what grade they are in 无论他们是哪个年级 29 make it a semi-formal affair 使其成为半正式的事件 30 in the gymnasium or cafeteria 在体育馆或在自助食堂 核心词汇精讲 1. responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务 As citizens, we should shoulder responsibility for our society. 作为公民，我们应当承担社会责任。 【拓展】responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的；irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 【搭配】take on responsibility 承担责任；a sense of responsibility 责任感；be responsible for 对…… 负责 2. tradition n. 传统；传统习俗 The quinceanera is a long-standing Latin American tradition for young girls. 十五岁成人礼是拉丁美洲女孩由来已久的传统。 【拓展】traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统上 【搭配】carry on a tradition 传承传统；family traditions 家庭传统 3. represent v. 代表；象征；表现 The sacred thread represents the transition from childhood to adulthood. 圣线象征着从孩童到成年的转变。 【拓展】representation n. 代表；象征；representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的 【搭配】represent sb at a ceremony 在典礼上代表某人；represent a culture 代表一种文化 4. transition n. 过渡；转变 The coming-of-age ceremony marks the transition from youth to adulthood. 成人礼标志着从青年到成年的转变。 【拓展】transitional adj. 过渡的；过渡期的 【搭配】the transition from A to B 从 A 到 B 的转变；smooth transition 平稳过渡 5. vary v. （根据情况）变化；各不相同 Coming-of-age rituals vary significantly in different countries and cultures. 不同国家和文化的成人仪式差异显著。 【拓展】variety n. 多样；various adj. 各种各样的；variation n. 变化 【搭配】vary from person to person 因人而异；vary with seasons 随季节变化 6. individual adj. 个人的；单独的 n. 个人 Every individual has the right to take part in civic activities. 每个个体都有权参与公民活动。 【拓展】individually adv. 单独地；individuality n. 个性 【搭配】individual needs 个人需求；treat each individual fairly 公平对待每一个人 7. refer v. 提及；谈及；与…… 相关 The word “quinceanera” refers to a special coming-of-age event in Latin America. “十五岁成人礼” 一词指拉丁美洲一项特殊的成年仪式。 【拓展】reference n. 参考；提及 【搭配】refer to sth/sb 提及某物 / 某人；refer to a book 查阅书籍 8. accompany v. 陪伴；陪同；伴随 Parents will accompany teenagers to attend the upcoming graduation ceremony. 父母会陪同青少年参加即将到来的毕业典礼。 【拓展】accompanying adj. 伴随的；accompaniment n. 伴随物 【搭配】accompany sb to sp 陪某人去某地；be accompanied by 伴有…… 9. involve v. 使参与；牵涉；包含 The homecoming parade involves all alumni and current students on campus. 校友返校游行包含校园里所有校友和在校生。 【拓展】involvement n. 参与；牵连；involved adj. 参与的；复杂的 【搭配】be involved in 参与；卷入；involve sb in a project 让某人参与项目 10. select v. 挑选；选拔 adj. 精选的 Students are selected to stage the traditional ritual for the graduation event. 学生们被选拔出来为毕业活动演绎传统仪式。 【拓展】selection n. 选择；精选品；selective adj. 有选择的 【搭配】select sb as a representative 推选某人为代表；select carefully 精心挑选 11. stage n. 阶段；舞台 v. 举办；上演 Adulthood is an important stage in one’s whole life. 成年是人的一生当中重要的阶段。 【搭配】at this stage 在现阶段；stage a parade 举办游行；on stage 在舞台上 12. ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 A grand coming-of-age ceremony will be held for all graduating seniors. 一场盛大的成人礼将为所有高三毕业生举办。 【拓展】ceremonial adj. 仪式的；礼仪的 【搭配】graduation ceremony 毕业典礼；wedding ceremony 婚礼仪式 13. perform v. 履行；执行；表演 Young people must perform their civic duties as legal citizens. 年轻人作为合法公民必须履行公民义务。 【拓展】performance n. 表演；表现；performer n. 表演者 【搭配】perform duties 履行职责；perform a dance 表演舞蹈 14. specific adj. 具体的；特有的；明确的 Each culture has its own specific symbols for coming-of-age. 每种文化都有其独有的成人象征符号。 【拓展】specifically adv. 明确地；专门地；specify v. 明确说明 【搭配】specific requirements 具体要求；specific to this region 该地区特有 15. entire adj. 全部的；完整的；整个的 The entire campus takes part in the annual homecoming activity. 整个校园都会参与一年一度的校友返校活动。 【拓展】entirely adv. 完全地；全部地 【搭配】the entire country 全国；spend the entire day 花上一整天 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： GROWING WORLDWIDE Entering adulthood is an important step in everyone’s life. It means that a young person must soon leave childishness behind and start to shoulder grown-up responsibilities. Comment by 作者: leave sth behind: 留下… leave sb. alone 让某人独自呆着 Comment by 作者: V-T If you shoulder the responsibility or the blame for something, you accept it. 肩负 例： He has had to shoulder the responsibility of his father's mistakes. 他不得不肩负起他父亲所犯错误的责任。 In Germany, there’s a ceremony called “Jugendfeier,” or “youth celebration,” a coming-of-age ceremony for 14-year-olds. They go to school to prepare for the occasion, studying topics thought to be important for young citizens of the future. The things these young people learn about include multiculturalism and general responsibilities in society. Comment by 作者: prepare /prɪˈpɛə/  1.  V-T If you prepare something, you make it ready for something that is going to happen. 准备 On average each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare. 平均每份报告需要1000个小时来准备。 2.  V-T/V-I If you prepare for an event or action that will happen soon, you get yourself ready for it or make the necessary arrangements. (为…) 作准备; 准备 (做某事) He had to go back to his hotel and prepare to catch a train for New York. 他不得不回宾馆准备赶火车去纽约。 Comment by 作者: include /ɪnˈkluːd/  V-T If one thing includes another thing, it has the other thing as one of its parts. 包括 例： The trip has been extended to include a few other events. 行程已经延长以包括其他几项活动。 “Jugendfeier” began in the 19th century, when awareness of civic practices was on the rise. At the ceremony, a teacher makes a speech about values, such as having respect for other people and having a sense of duty. The idea is that the young people taking part in the ceremony will take on these values for themselves. Perhaps it’s fair to say that “Jugendfeier” is treated differently from other coming-of-age events in the world—it’s more serious than it is fun. Comment by 作者: civic /ˈsɪvɪk/   1.  ADJ You use civic to describe people or things that have an official status in a town or city. 市政的 [ADJ n] 例： ...the businessmen and civic leaders of Manchester. …曼彻斯特的商人们和市政领导。 2.  ADJ You use civic to describe the duties or feelings that people have because they belong to a particular community. 市民的; 公民的 [ADJ n] 例： ...a sense of civic pride. …市民自豪感。 Comment by 作者: be on the rise 呈上升趋势 ; 上升 Comment by 作者: make a speech 发表演说 Comment by 作者: respect /rɪˈspɛkt/  1.  V-T If you respect someone, you have a good opinion of their character or ideas. 尊重 例： I want him to respect me as a career woman. 我要他把我作为一个职业女性来尊重。 2.  N-UNCOUNT If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them. 敬重 例： I have tremendous respect for Dean. 我非常敬重迪安。 Comment by 作者: a sense of… …感：a sense of humour 幽默感 Comment by 作者: 该句是表语从句，that不做句子成分，只起引导作用且不能被省略。 Comment by 作者: take on 1.  PHRASAL VERB If you take on a job or responsibility, especially a difficult one, you accept it. 承担 例： No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 没有任何其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。 2.  PHRASAL VERB If something takes on a new appearance or quality, it develops that appearance or quality. 呈现 [no passive] 例： Believing he had only a year to live, his writing took on a feverish intensity. 他认为自己只有一年能活了，他的文字呈现出一种极度的狂热。 Comment by 作者: fair /fɛə/ )，常考的多义词： 1.  ADJ Something or someone that is fair is reasonable, right, and just. 公平的 I wanted them to get a fair deal. 我希望他们得到一个公平的交易。 2.  fairly ADV 公平地 例： ...demonstrating concern for employees and solving their problems quickly and fairly. …证实对雇员的关注以及迅速公平地解决他们的问题。 3.  ADJ A fair amount, degree, size, or distance is quite a large amount, degree, size, or distance. 相当大的; 相当远的 [ADJ n] 例： My neighbours across the street travel a fair amount. 我街对面的邻居们去过相当多的地方。 4.  ADJ A fair guess or idea about something is one that is likely to be correct. 合理的[ADJ n] 例： It's a fair guess to say that the damage will be extensive. 说破坏将很严重是合理的猜测。 5.  ADJ If you describe someone or something as fair, you mean that they are average in standard or quality, neither very good nor very bad. 一般的 例： Reimar had a fair command of English. 赖马尔具备一般的英语水平。 6.  ADJ Someone who is fair, or who has fair hair, has light-coloured hair. 浅色头发的 例： Both children were very like Robina, but were much fairer than she was. 两个孩子都很像罗比娜，但是头发颜色比她的浅得多。 7.  ADJ  金发的 例： ...a tall, fair-haired man. …一个金发的高个男人。 8.  ADJ Fair skin is very pale and usually burns easily. 白皙的 例： It's important to protect my fair skin from the sun. 保护我白皙的皮肤不受日晒是很重要的。 9.  ADJ When the weather is fair, it is quite sunny and not raining. 晴的 [正式] 例： Weather conditions were fair. 天气状况晴好。 10.  N-COUNT A county, state, or country fair is an event where there are, for example, displays of goods and animals, and amusements, games, and competitions. 集市 例： Every autumn I go to the county fair. 每个秋季我都去县里的集市。 Comment by 作者: than 既可以做介词，也可以做连词；此句中than引导比较状语从句。 In Latin American, there is a coming-of-age tradition called “quinceanera.” It is a celebration for girls on their 15th birthday, marking a girl’s entry into womanhood. In the past, “quinceanera” was connected with marriage. Girls were taught cooking, sewing, and other general household skills before the special day to get prepared for their upcoming marriage. Traditional ceremonies began when the teenager arrived, with her father. He would dance with her, and then “give her away” to dance with other males from among their family and circle of friends. Comment by 作者: V-T Something that marks someone as a particular type of person indicates that they are that type of person. 表明 (为某一种类的人) 例： Her opposition to feminism marks her as a convinced traditionalist. 她对女权主义的反对表明她是一个坚定的传统主义者。 Comment by 作者: V-T If you connect a person or thing with something, you realize that there is a link or relationship between them. 将 (某人、某物与某事物) 联系起来 例： I hoped he would not connect me with that now-embarrassing review I'd written seven years earlier. 我希望他不会把我和我7年前写的、现在读起来令人难堪的评论联系起来。 【固定搭配】 be connected with…与…联系 Today, the ceremony has become more like an individual celebration of the young person’s coming-of-age—similar to how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day in other cultures. Comment by 作者: be similar to…与…相似 In some Indian families, the sacred thread ceremony is performed when a boy is grown-up. He is given three strands of the sacred thread which represent three promises he makes: to respect knowledge, to respect his parents and to respect society. Comment by 作者: sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/ adj. 神圣的；宗教的 例： The owl is sacred for many Californian Indian people. 猫头鹰对于很多加利福利亚的印第安人来说是神圣的。 Comment by 作者: represent作动词时，常用以下义项： 1. V-T To represent an idea or quality means to be a symbol or an expression of that idea or quality. 代表; 象征; 反映 例： New York represents everything that's great about America. 纽约象征着美国伟大的一切。 2. V-T If you represent a person or thing as a particular thing, you describe them as being that thing. 描写; 描绘 例： The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental guru. 大众媒体倾向于把他描绘成环保领袖。 It is said that the sacred thread ceremony marks a new life. The child, traditionally, leaves his family to go and live with the Guru (teacher).At this point the boy becomes “twice-born.” In Indian traditions, a human being has at least two births—the first one is his physical birth and the second one his intellectual birth through a teacher’s care. At this ceremony, a Guru accepts a child and draws him towards knowledge. Comment by 作者: intellectual adj 智力上的；和智力有关的 Comment by 作者: draw做动词时，有托、拉的意思；本句中翻译成引领。 Coming-of-age traditions vary significantly from culture to culture. Nearly every society has specific rituals, ceremonies, and traditions to symbolise or celebrate one’s transition from childhood to adulthood. Comment by 作者: significantly 意义重大地，重要地；显著地 Comment by 作者: ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ n. 仪式；惯例；礼制 adj. 仪式的；例行的；礼节性的 Comment by 作者: symbolize V-T If one thing symbolizes another, it is used or regarded as a symbol of it. 象征 例： The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War between East and West. 柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。 Comment by 作者: transition 既可以作动词，也可以是名词；注意和“to”搭配： transitions from one state or activity to another, they move gradually from one to the other. 从…转向… 【参考译文】 全球各地的成长仪式 进入成年期是每个人生命中重要的一步。这意味着年轻人必须尽快把孩子气抛在脑后，开始承担起成年人的责任。 在德国，有一个叫做“Jugendfeier”的仪式，或“青年庆典”，一个14岁的成人仪式。他们去学校为这一时刻做准备，学习被认为对未来的年轻公民很重要的课题。这些年轻人学习的东西包括多元文化主义和社会的一般责任。 “Jugendfeier”开始于19世纪，当时人们对公民行为的意识正在上升。在仪式上，老师做一个关于价值观的演讲，如尊重他人和有责任感。他们的想法是，参加这个仪式的年轻人将为他们自己承担这些价值观。或许公平地说，“新生”事件的处理方式与世界上其他成人事件不同——它的严肃程度超过了它的乐趣。 在拉丁美洲，有一种成人的传统叫做“quinceanera”。这是女孩们庆祝15岁生日的活动，标志着女孩进入了成年期。在过去，“quinceanera”与婚姻有关。在这个特别的日子到来之前，女孩们要学习烹饪、缝纫和其他一般的家庭技能，为即将到来的婚姻做准备。当她和她的父亲到达时，传统的仪式开始了。他会和她一起跳舞，然后把她“送出去”，和其他来自家庭和朋友圈的男性一起跳舞。 如今，这个仪式更像是对年轻人的个人庆祝，类似于在其他文化中一个人的18岁生日被视为重要的一天。 在一些印度家庭，当一个男孩长大后，就会举行神圣的丝线仪式。神给了他三条神线，这三条神线代表了他的三个承诺:尊重知识，尊重父母，尊重社会。 据说，神圣的丝线仪式标志着新生命的诞生。按照传统，这个孩子会离开家人去和古鲁(老师)住在一起。在这一点上，男孩成为“两次出生”。“在印度的传统中，一个人至少有两次出生——第一次是身体上的出生，第二次是在老师的照料下智力上的出生。在这个仪式上，一位古鲁接受了一个孩子，并吸引他走向知识。 不同的文化有不同的成年传统。几乎每个社会都有特定的仪式、仪式和传统来象征或庆祝一个人从童年到成年的转变。 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “He is given three strands of the sacred thread which represent three promises he makes: to respect knowledge, to respect his parents and to respect society.” 句式结构：复合句（含被动语态 + 多层定语修饰 + 并列不定式）。 解析： 主干为被动句 “He is given three strands of the sacred thread”，“three strands” 受 “of the sacred thread” 修饰。 定语从句：“which represent three promises” 修饰 “thread”，说明线的象征意义；“he makes” 是省略关系代词 “that” 的定语从句，修饰 “promises”，形成 “名词 + 定语从句 + 定语从句” 的嵌套结构。 并列不定式：冒号后的 “to respect knowledge...to respect society” 是三个并列的不定式短语，作 “promises” 的同位语，进一步解释承诺内容，全句通过多层修饰展现仪式的文化内涵。 2. “Perhaps it’s fair to say that ‘Jugendfeier’ is treated differently from other coming-of-age events in the world—it’s more serious than it is fun.” 句式结构：复合句（含主语从句 + 宾语从句 + 比较状语从句）。 解析： 主干为 “it’s fair to say that...”，其中 “it” 是形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 “to say that...”。 宾语从句：“that ‘Jugendfeier’ is treated differently...” 作 “say” 的宾语，说明观点内容；“from other coming-of-age events” 是比较状语。 破折号补充：“it’s more serious than it is fun” 是比较状语从句，通过 “more...than...” 对比仪式的性质，全句通过多重复句结构强调 “Jugendfeier” 的严肃性。 3. “Today, the ceremony has become more like an individual celebration of the young person’s coming-of-age—similar to how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day in other cultures.” 句式结构：复合句（含系表结构 + 同位语 + 宾语从句）。 解析： 主干为 “the ceremony has become more like an individual celebration”，“of the young person’s coming-of-age” 作后置定语。 同位语补充：破折号后的 “similar to...” 是形容词短语作同位语，解释 “celebration” 的性质。 宾语从句：“how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day” 作介词 “to” 的宾语，其中 “how” 引导宾语从句，描述其他文化中对 18 岁生日的看待方式，全句通过多层修饰和对比展现传统仪式的现代演变。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 要求：根据首字母及中文提示写出完整单词 1. Every citizen has the r__________（责任）to protect traditional culture in our country. 2. The graduation c__________（典礼）will be held on the campus next Friday afternoon. 3. Different countries have their own t__________（传统）of coming-of-age celebrations. 4. The sacred thread r__________（象征；代表）the shift from youth to adulthood. 5. The t__________（过渡）from childhood to maturity brings many new duties to teenagers. 6. Teenagers’ attitudes towards rituals v__________（变化；各不相同）from family to family. 7. The word “homecoming” r__________（提及；指）the annual alumni activity at school. 8. Parents will a__________（陪伴）their kids to take part in the special adult ceremony. 9. This cultural activity i__________（使参与；包含）all students and local residents. 10. Teachers will s__________（选拔）several students to stage the traditional parade. 11. Adolescence is an important s__________（阶段）full of growth and self-reflection. 12. You need to p__________（履行；执行）your duties as a responsible young adult. 13. The article lists s__________（具体的；特有的）rules for the Latin American quinceanera. 14. The e__________（整个的；全部的）class took part in the themed social activity last week. 15. As an i__________（个人）, you should respect different cultural rituals around the world. 参考答案 responsibility, ceremony, tradition, represents, transition, vary, refers, accompany, involves, select, stage, perform, specific, entire, individual 二、完成句子 occasion respect individual perform represent intellectual specific symbolize refer senior accompany 1. His achievements earned him ________ and admiration. 他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美. 2. You should always __________what you promise. 你应永远履行你的诺言. 3. Don't ________to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了. 4. Shall I ___________you to the hospital? 我陪您去医院 吗 ? 5. She was picked out from the whole class to _________ them at the other school. 从全班中选出她来作为去另一学校的代表. 6. The ________ people often take no interest in fashion. 年长的人通常对时尚不感兴趣. 7. What does the Statue of Liberty __________? 自由女神象征着什么? 8. Chess is a highly __________ game. 象棋是需用高度智力的运动项目. 9. His behaviour was not in keeping with the solemn(庄严的) _________. 他的举止与这庄严的场合不协调. 10. We should make a concrete analysis of each __________ question. 对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析. 【答案】 1. respect 2.perform 3. refer 4. accompany 5. represent 6. senior 7. symbolize 8. intellectual 9.occasion 10. specific 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪外版必修一Unit 4 Customs and Traditions（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 worldwide adv. 在全世界；在世界各地 - adulthood n. 成年 reach/adulthood（达到成年） childishness n. 孩子气；稚嫩 - responsibility n. 职责；义务 shoulder/bear responsibility（承担责任） take on responsibility（接受责任） ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 hold a ceremony（举行仪式） youth n. （统称）青年，年轻人；青年时期 in one's youth（在青年时期） coming-of-age n. 成年；成人年龄 coming-of-age ceremony（成人礼） occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on this/that occasion（在这 / 那个场合） topic n. 话题；标题 a hot/key topic（热门 / 关键话题） citizen n. 公民 a law-abiding citizen（守法公民） multiculturalism n. 多元文化主义 - civic adj. 市民的；城镇居民的 civic duty（公民义务） respect n./v. 尊重；重视 show respect for...（对… 表示尊重） respect sb.'s opinion（尊重某人观点） duty n. 责任；义务 fulfill one's duty（履行职责） event n. 公开活动；社交场合；重要事情 a major/significant event（重大事件） tradition n. 传统，传统信仰（或风俗） follow/keep up a tradition（遵循传统） entry n. 进入（行动）；加入（权利、机会） entry into...（进入…） womanhood n. 成年女子的状态 reach womanhood（步入成年女性阶段） marriage n. 婚姻；结婚 a happy/arranged marriage（幸福 / 包办婚姻） sewing n. 缝纫 sewing machine（缝纫机） household adj./n. 家庭的；家用的 / 家庭 household chores（家务） a household of five（五口之家） upcoming adj. 即将发生（或来临）的 an upcoming event（即将到来的活动） male n./adj. 男性；雄性 / 男性的 male/female gender（男性 / 女性） individual adj./n. 一个人的；个人 individual rights（个人权利） sacred adj. 神圣的 a sacred place/ritual（神圣的地方 / 仪式） thread n. （棉、毛、丝等的）线 a piece of thread（一根线） perform v. 履行；执行 perform a task/duty（执行任务 / 职责） strand n. （线、绳、毛发等的）股，缕 a strand of hair（一缕头发） represent v. 作为…… 的象征；代表 represent a country/idea（代表国家 / 理念） intellectual adj. 智力的；理智的 intellectual ability/property（智力 / 知识产权） vary v. （根据情况）变化，改变 vary from...to...（从… 到… 变化） significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地 significantly improve/increase（显著改善 / 增加） specific adj. 特有的；明确的；具体的 specific details/requirements（具体细节 / 要求） ritual n. 仪式；程序；礼节 religious/traditional rituals（宗教 / 传统仪式） symbolise v. 是…… 的象征；代表 symbolise peace/freedom（象征和平 / 自由） transition n. 过渡；转变 transition from...to...（从… 过渡到…） childhood n. 童年；孩童时期 in childhood（在童年时期） refer v. 描述；与…… 相关；提到 refer to...as...（把… 称作…） refer to a dictionary（查字典） graduate v. 获得学位；大学毕业 graduate from...（从… 毕业） campus n. （大学、学院的）校园 on campus（在校园里） reminisce v. 回忆，追忆 reminisce about...（回忆…） current adj. 当前的；现在的 current affairs/situation（时事 / 现状） alumni n. （统称）校友，毕业生 alumni association（校友会） themed adj. 特定主题的 a themed party/event（主题派对 / 活动） rent v. （短期）租用，租借 rent a house/car（租房子 / 车） senior n. 高年级学生 a senior in high school/college（高中 / 大学高年级学生） pajamas n. （一套）睡衣裤 a pair of pajamas（一套睡衣） election n. 选举，推选 hold an election（举行选举） accompany v. 伴随；陪同 accompany sb. to...（陪同某人到…） court n. 王宫；宫殿；法院 royal court（宫廷） court of law（法院） prince n. 王子；亲王 the prince of Wales（威尔士亲王） princess n. 王室女成员；公主 a Disney princess（迪士尼公主） select v. 选择；挑选 select from...（从… 中挑选） elect v. 选举，推选 elect sb. as...（选举某人为…） involve v. （使）参加；牵涉 be involved in...（参与…；与… 有关联） stage v./n. 上演 / 阶段，状态 stage a play（上演戏剧） at this stage（在这个阶段） parade n. 游行 hold a parade（举行游行） march v. 齐步走；行进 march forward（向前行进） band n. 乐队 a rock/jazz band（摇滚 / 爵士乐队） classic adj. 典雅的，古朴的 classic music/art（古典音乐 / 艺术） socialize v. 交往，交际 socialize with sb.（与某人社交） casual adj. 非正式的 casual clothes/meeting（休闲装 / 非正式会议） formal adj. 正式的；庄重的 formal attire/ceremony（正式着装 / 仪式） affair n. 事件；事情 a social/political affair（社交 / 政治事件） DJ n. 唱片节目主持人 a club DJ（夜店 DJ） gymnasium n. 健身房；体育馆 in the gymnasium（在体育馆里） cafeteria n. 自助餐厅，自助食堂 school cafeteria（学校食堂） entire adj. 全部的；完全的 the entire world/team（整个世界 / 团队） partner n. 搭档；同伴 a business/dancing partner（商业伙伴 / 舞伴） bow n. 鞠躬；弯腰行礼 take/make a bow（鞠躬） remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb. of...（使某人想起…） remind sb. to do...（提醒某人做…） participant n. 参与者；参加者 an active participant（积极参与者） graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 a graceful dance/movement（优雅的舞蹈 / 动作） nation n. 国家；民族 a sovereign nation（主权国家） wreath n. 花环 a Christmas wreath（圣诞花环） symbol n. 象征 a symbol of peace/unity（和平 / 团结的象征） Jew n. 犹太人 Jewish culture（犹太文化） stationery n. 文具 stationery store（文具店） item n. 一件物品；项目 an item of clothing/luggage（一件衣物 / 行李） indicate v. 象征；暗示 indicate sth. to sb.（向某人暗示某事） dress up 动词短语 穿上盛装；穿上正装 dress up for a party（为派对盛装打扮） stand for 动词短语 象征；是…… 意思 What does "UN" stand for?（“UN” 代表什么？） leave... behind 动词短语 脱离（某状态）；离开 leave the past behind（放下过去） shoulder responsibilities 动词短语 对某事承担责任 shoulder family/social responsibilities（承担家庭 / 社会责任） on the rise 介词短语 在上涨，在上升 Crime rate is on the rise.（犯罪率在上升。） a sense of 介词短语 …… 感，…… 意识 a sense of humor/responsibility（幽默感 / 责任感） take on 动词短语 接受；承担（责任） take on a new challenge/role（接受新挑战 / 角色） give … away 动词短语 （在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎 The father gives his daughter away.（父亲将女儿交给新郎。） homecoming n. 校友返校活动 homecoming game/dance（返校节比赛 / 舞会） centre around 动词短语 围绕 The story centres around a family.（故事围绕一个家庭展开。） show up 动词短语 如约赶到；出现 Show up on time.（准时到场。） (be) involved in 动词短语 参与……；与…… 有关联 She is involved in charity work.（她参与慈善工作。） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. responsibility n. 责任 → responsible adj. 负责的；irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 2. ceremony n. 典礼 → ceremonial adj. 仪式的；ceremoniously adv. 隆重地 3. youth n. 青年 → young adj. 年轻的；youthful adj. 青春的 4. citizen n. 公民 → citizenship n. 公民身份；citizenry n. 公民（总称） 5. respect n./v. 尊重 → respectful adj. 恭敬的；disrespect n./v. 无礼 6. duty n. 义务 → dutiful adj. 尽职的；dutifully adv. 忠实地 7. tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统上 8. perform v. 执行 → performance n. 表现；performer n. 表演者 9. represent v. 代表 → representation n. 代表；representative adj. 典型的 10. involve v. 牵涉 → involvement n. 参与；involved adj. 复杂的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 leave childishness behind 脱离稚嫩 2 shoulder grown-up responsibilities 肩负起成人的责任 3 include multiculturalism and general responsibilities 包括多元文化主义和一般责任 4 on the rise 在上升 5 have respect for other people 尊重他人 6 have a sense of duty 有责任感 7 take on these values 接受这些价值观 8 be treated differently from other coming-of-age events 和其他成人仪式不同 9 mark a girl’s entry into womanhood 标志着女孩成年 10 other general household skills 其他一般的家务技能 11 get prepared for their upcoming marriage 为她们将来的婚姻做准备 12 perform the sacred thread ceremony 进行圣线仪式 13 represent three promises 代表三个承诺 14 vary significantly from culture to culture 在各个文化中大相径庭 15 have specific rituals 有独特的礼节 16 symbolise one’s transition from childhood to adulthood 代表一个人从童年转变为成年 17 refer to a tradition at many university 指的是许多大学的传统 18 reminisce about the school days 回忆校园时光 19 centre around homecoming 围绕着校友返校活动 20 show up 如约赶到 21 rent a senior 租借一个高年级学生 22 wear your pajamas to school 把睡衣穿去学校 23 hold elections for Homecoming King 选举返校日国王 24 be selected from among the upper-level students 从高年级学生中选出 25 be involved in school activities 参加学习活动 26 stage a homecoming parade 上演返校日游行 27 take place on the Friday night 发生在周五晚 28 no matter what grade they are in 无论他们是哪个年级 29 make it a semi-formal affair 使其成为半正式的事件 30 in the gymnasium or cafeteria 在体育馆或在自助食堂 核心词汇精讲 1. responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务 As citizens, we should shoulder responsibility for our society. 作为公民，我们应当承担社会责任。 【拓展】responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的；irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 【搭配】take on responsibility 承担责任；a sense of responsibility 责任感；be responsible for 对…… 负责 2. tradition n. 传统；传统习俗 The quinceanera is a long-standing Latin American tradition for young girls. 十五岁成人礼是拉丁美洲女孩由来已久的传统。 【拓展】traditional adj. 传统的；traditionally adv. 传统上 【搭配】carry on a tradition 传承传统；family traditions 家庭传统 3. represent v. 代表；象征；表现 The sacred thread represents the transition from childhood to adulthood. 圣线象征着从孩童到成年的转变。 【拓展】representation n. 代表；象征；representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的 【搭配】represent sb at a ceremony 在典礼上代表某人；represent a culture 代表一种文化 4. transition n. 过渡；转变 The coming-of-age ceremony marks the transition from youth to adulthood. 成人礼标志着从青年到成年的转变。 【拓展】transitional adj. 过渡的；过渡期的 【搭配】the transition from A to B 从 A 到 B 的转变；smooth transition 平稳过渡 5. vary v. （根据情况）变化；各不相同 Coming-of-age rituals vary significantly in different countries and cultures. 不同国家和文化的成人仪式差异显著。 【拓展】variety n. 多样；various adj. 各种各样的；variation n. 变化 【搭配】vary from person to person 因人而异；vary with seasons 随季节变化 6. individual adj. 个人的；单独的 n. 个人 Every individual has the right to take part in civic activities. 每个个体都有权参与公民活动。 【拓展】individually adv. 单独地；individuality n. 个性 【搭配】individual needs 个人需求；treat each individual fairly 公平对待每一个人 7. refer v. 提及；谈及；与…… 相关 The word “quinceanera” refers to a special coming-of-age event in Latin America. “十五岁成人礼” 一词指拉丁美洲一项特殊的成年仪式。 【拓展】reference n. 参考；提及 【搭配】refer to sth/sb 提及某物 / 某人；refer to a book 查阅书籍 8. accompany v. 陪伴；陪同；伴随 Parents will accompany teenagers to attend the upcoming graduation ceremony. 父母会陪同青少年参加即将到来的毕业典礼。 【拓展】accompanying adj. 伴随的；accompaniment n. 伴随物 【搭配】accompany sb to sp 陪某人去某地；be accompanied by 伴有…… 9. involve v. 使参与；牵涉；包含 The homecoming parade involves all alumni and current students on campus. 校友返校游行包含校园里所有校友和在校生。 【拓展】involvement n. 参与；牵连；involved adj. 参与的；复杂的 【搭配】be involved in 参与；卷入；involve sb in a project 让某人参与项目 10. select v. 挑选；选拔 adj. 精选的 Students are selected to stage the traditional ritual for the graduation event. 学生们被选拔出来为毕业活动演绎传统仪式。 【拓展】selection n. 选择；精选品；selective adj. 有选择的 【搭配】select sb as a representative 推选某人为代表；select carefully 精心挑选 11. stage n. 阶段；舞台 v. 举办；上演 Adulthood is an important stage in one’s whole life. 成年是人的一生当中重要的阶段。 【搭配】at this stage 在现阶段；stage a parade 举办游行；on stage 在舞台上 12. ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 A grand coming-of-age ceremony will be held for all graduating seniors. 一场盛大的成人礼将为所有高三毕业生举办。 【拓展】ceremonial adj. 仪式的；礼仪的 【搭配】graduation ceremony 毕业典礼；wedding ceremony 婚礼仪式 13. perform v. 履行；执行；表演 Young people must perform their civic duties as legal citizens. 年轻人作为合法公民必须履行公民义务。 【拓展】performance n. 表演；表现；performer n. 表演者 【搭配】perform duties 履行职责；perform a dance 表演舞蹈 14. specific adj. 具体的；特有的；明确的 Each culture has its own specific symbols for coming-of-age. 每种文化都有其独有的成人象征符号。 【拓展】specifically adv. 明确地；专门地；specify v. 明确说明 【搭配】specific requirements 具体要求；specific to this region 该地区特有 15. entire adj. 全部的；完整的；整个的 The entire campus takes part in the annual homecoming activity. 整个校园都会参与一年一度的校友返校活动。 【拓展】entirely adv. 完全地；全部地 【搭配】the entire country 全国；spend the entire day 花上一整天 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： GROWING WORLDWIDE Entering adulthood is an important step in everyone’s life. It means that a young person must soon leave childishness behind and start to shoulder grown-up responsibilities. Comment by 作者: leave sth behind: 留下… leave sb. alone 让某人独自呆着 Comment by 作者: V-T If you shoulder the responsibility or the blame for something, you accept it. 肩负 例： He has had to shoulder the responsibility of his father's mistakes. 他不得不肩负起他父亲所犯错误的责任。 In Germany, there’s a ceremony called “Jugendfeier,” or “youth celebration,” a coming-of-age ceremony for 14-year-olds. They go to school to prepare for the occasion, studying topics thought to be important for young citizens of the future. The things these young people learn about include multiculturalism and general responsibilities in society. Comment by 作者: prepare /prɪˈpɛə/  1.  V-T If you prepare something, you make it ready for something that is going to happen. 准备 On average each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare. 平均每份报告需要1000个小时来准备。 2.  V-T/V-I If you prepare for an event or action that will happen soon, you get yourself ready for it or make the necessary arrangements. (为…) 作准备; 准备 (做某事) He had to go back to his hotel and prepare to catch a train for New York. 他不得不回宾馆准备赶火车去纽约。 Comment by 作者: include /ɪnˈkluːd/  V-T If one thing includes another thing, it has the other thing as one of its parts. 包括 例： The trip has been extended to include a few other events. 行程已经延长以包括其他几项活动。 “Jugendfeier” began in the 19th century, when awareness of civic practices was on the rise. At the ceremony, a teacher makes a speech about values, such as having respect for other people and having a sense of duty. The idea is that the young people taking part in the ceremony will take on these values for themselves. Perhaps it’s fair to say that “Jugendfeier” is treated differently from other coming-of-age events in the world—it’s more serious than it is fun. Comment by 作者: civic /ˈsɪvɪk/   1.  ADJ You use civic to describe people or things that have an official status in a town or city. 市政的 [ADJ n] 例： ...the businessmen and civic leaders of Manchester. …曼彻斯特的商人们和市政领导。 2.  ADJ You use civic to describe the duties or feelings that people have because they belong to a particular community. 市民的; 公民的 [ADJ n] 例： ...a sense of civic pride. …市民自豪感。 Comment by 作者: be on the rise 呈上升趋势 ; 上升 Comment by 作者: make a speech 发表演说 Comment by 作者: respect /rɪˈspɛkt/  1.  V-T If you respect someone, you have a good opinion of their character or ideas. 尊重 例： I want him to respect me as a career woman. 我要他把我作为一个职业女性来尊重。 2.  N-UNCOUNT If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them. 敬重 例： I have tremendous respect for Dean. 我非常敬重迪安。 Comment by 作者: a sense of… …感：a sense of humour 幽默感 Comment by 作者: 该句是表语从句，that不做句子成分，只起引导作用且不能被省略。 Comment by 作者: take on 1.  PHRASAL VERB If you take on a job or responsibility, especially a difficult one, you accept it. 承担 例： No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 没有任何其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。 2.  PHRASAL VERB If something takes on a new appearance or quality, it develops that appearance or quality. 呈现 [no passive] 例： Believing he had only a year to live, his writing took on a feverish intensity. 他认为自己只有一年能活了，他的文字呈现出一种极度的狂热。 Comment by 作者: fair /fɛə/ )，常考的多义词： 1.  ADJ Something or someone that is fair is reasonable, right, and just. 公平的 I wanted them to get a fair deal. 我希望他们得到一个公平的交易。 2.  fairly ADV 公平地 例： ...demonstrating concern for employees and solving their problems quickly and fairly. …证实对雇员的关注以及迅速公平地解决他们的问题。 3.  ADJ A fair amount, degree, size, or distance is quite a large amount, degree, size, or distance. 相当大的; 相当远的 [ADJ n] 例： My neighbours across the street travel a fair amount. 我街对面的邻居们去过相当多的地方。 4.  ADJ A fair guess or idea about something is one that is likely to be correct. 合理的[ADJ n] 例： It's a fair guess to say that the damage will be extensive. 说破坏将很严重是合理的猜测。 5.  ADJ If you describe someone or something as fair, you mean that they are average in standard or quality, neither very good nor very bad. 一般的 例： Reimar had a fair command of English. 赖马尔具备一般的英语水平。 6.  ADJ Someone who is fair, or who has fair hair, has light-coloured hair. 浅色头发的 例： Both children were very like Robina, but were much fairer than she was. 两个孩子都很像罗比娜，但是头发颜色比她的浅得多。 7.  ADJ  金发的 例： ...a tall, fair-haired man. …一个金发的高个男人。 8.  ADJ Fair skin is very pale and usually burns easily. 白皙的 例： It's important to protect my fair skin from the sun. 保护我白皙的皮肤不受日晒是很重要的。 9.  ADJ When the weather is fair, it is quite sunny and not raining. 晴的 [正式] 例： Weather conditions were fair. 天气状况晴好。 10.  N-COUNT A county, state, or country fair is an event where there are, for example, displays of goods and animals, and amusements, games, and competitions. 集市 例： Every autumn I go to the county fair. 每个秋季我都去县里的集市。 Comment by 作者: than 既可以做介词，也可以做连词；此句中than引导比较状语从句。 In Latin American, there is a coming-of-age tradition called “quinceanera.” It is a celebration for girls on their 15th birthday, marking a girl’s entry into womanhood. In the past, “quinceanera” was connected with marriage. Girls were taught cooking, sewing, and other general household skills before the special day to get prepared for their upcoming marriage. Traditional ceremonies began when the teenager arrived, with her father. He would dance with her, and then “give her away” to dance with other males from among their family and circle of friends. Comment by 作者: V-T Something that marks someone as a particular type of person indicates that they are that type of person. 表明 (为某一种类的人) 例： Her opposition to feminism marks her as a convinced traditionalist. 她对女权主义的反对表明她是一个坚定的传统主义者。 Comment by 作者: V-T If you connect a person or thing with something, you realize that there is a link or relationship between them. 将 (某人、某物与某事物) 联系起来 例： I hoped he would not connect me with that now-embarrassing review I'd written seven years earlier. 我希望他不会把我和我7年前写的、现在读起来令人难堪的评论联系起来。 【固定搭配】 be connected with…与…联系 Today, the ceremony has become more like an individual celebration of the young person’s coming-of-age—similar to how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day in other cultures. Comment by 作者: be similar to…与…相似 In some Indian families, the sacred thread ceremony is performed when a boy is grown-up. He is given three strands of the sacred thread which represent three promises he makes: to respect knowledge, to respect his parents and to respect society. Comment by 作者: sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/ adj. 神圣的；宗教的 例： The owl is sacred for many Californian Indian people. 猫头鹰对于很多加利福利亚的印第安人来说是神圣的。 Comment by 作者: represent作动词时，常用以下义项： 1. V-T To represent an idea or quality means to be a symbol or an expression of that idea or quality. 代表; 象征; 反映 例： New York represents everything that's great about America. 纽约象征着美国伟大的一切。 2. V-T If you represent a person or thing as a particular thing, you describe them as being that thing. 描写; 描绘 例： The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental guru. 大众媒体倾向于把他描绘成环保领袖。 It is said that the sacred thread ceremony marks a new life. The child, traditionally, leaves his family to go and live with the Guru (teacher).At this point the boy becomes “twice-born.” In Indian traditions, a human being has at least two births—the first one is his physical birth and the second one his intellectual birth through a teacher’s care. At this ceremony, a Guru accepts a child and draws him towards knowledge. Comment by 作者: intellectual adj 智力上的；和智力有关的 Comment by 作者: draw做动词时，有托、拉的意思；本句中翻译成引领。 Coming-of-age traditions vary significantly from culture to culture. Nearly every society has specific rituals, ceremonies, and traditions to symbolise or celebrate one’s transition from childhood to adulthood. Comment by 作者: significantly 意义重大地，重要地；显著地 Comment by 作者: ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ n. 仪式；惯例；礼制 adj. 仪式的；例行的；礼节性的 Comment by 作者: symbolize V-T If one thing symbolizes another, it is used or regarded as a symbol of it. 象征 例： The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War between East and West. 柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。 Comment by 作者: transition 既可以作动词，也可以是名词；注意和“to”搭配： transitions from one state or activity to another, they move gradually from one to the other. 从…转向… 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “He is given three strands of the sacred thread which represent three promises he makes: to respect knowledge, to respect his parents and to respect society.” 句式结构：复合句（含被动语态 + 多层定语修饰 + 并列不定式）。 解析： 主干为被动句 “He is given three strands of the sacred thread”，“three strands” 受 “of the sacred thread” 修饰。 定语从句：“which represent three promises” 修饰 “thread”，说明线的象征意义；“he makes” 是省略关系代词 “that” 的定语从句，修饰 “promises”，形成 “名词 + 定语从句 + 定语从句” 的嵌套结构。 并列不定式：冒号后的 “to respect knowledge...to respect society” 是三个并列的不定式短语，作 “promises” 的同位语，进一步解释承诺内容，全句通过多层修饰展现仪式的文化内涵。 2. “Perhaps it’s fair to say that ‘Jugendfeier’ is treated differently from other coming-of-age events in the world—it’s more serious than it is fun.” 句式结构：复合句（含主语从句 + 宾语从句 + 比较状语从句）。 解析： 主干为 “it’s fair to say that...”，其中 “it” 是形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语 “to say that...”。 宾语从句：“that ‘Jugendfeier’ is treated differently...” 作 “say” 的宾语，说明观点内容；“from other coming-of-age events” 是比较状语。 破折号补充：“it’s more serious than it is fun” 是比较状语从句，通过 “more...than...” 对比仪式的性质，全句通过多重复句结构强调 “Jugendfeier” 的严肃性。 3. “Today, the ceremony has become more like an individual celebration of the young person’s coming-of-age—similar to how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day in other cultures.” 句式结构：复合句（含系表结构 + 同位语 + 宾语从句）。 解析： 主干为 “the ceremony has become more like an individual celebration”，“of the young person’s coming-of-age” 作后置定语。 同位语补充：破折号后的 “similar to...” 是形容词短语作同位语，解释 “celebration” 的性质。 宾语从句：“how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day” 作介词 “to” 的宾语，其中 “how” 引导宾语从句，描述其他文化中对 18 岁生日的看待方式，全句通过多层修饰和对比展现传统仪式的现代演变。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 要求：根据首字母及中文提示写出完整单词 1. Every citizen has the r__________（责任）to protect traditional culture in our country. 2. The graduation c__________（典礼）will be held on the campus next Friday afternoon. 3. Different countries have their own t__________（传统）of coming-of-age celebrations. 4. The sacred thread r__________（象征；代表）the shift from youth to adulthood. 5. The t__________（过渡）from childhood to maturity brings many new duties to teenagers. 6. Teenagers’ attitudes towards rituals v__________（变化；各不相同）from family to family. 7. The word “homecoming” r__________（提及；指）the annual alumni activity at school. 8. Parents will a__________（陪伴）their kids to take part in the special adult ceremony. 9. This cultural activity i__________（使参与；包含）all students and local residents. 10. Teachers will s__________（选拔）several students to stage the traditional parade. 11. Adolescence is an important s__________（阶段）full of growth and self-reflection. 12. You need to p__________（履行；执行）your duties as a responsible young adult. 13. The article lists s__________（具体的；特有的）rules for the Latin American quinceanera. 14. The e__________（整个的；全部的）class took part in the themed social activity last week. 15. As an i__________（个人）, you should respect different cultural rituals around the world. 二、完成句子 occasion respect individual perform represent intellectual specific symbolize refer senior accompany 1. His achievements earned him ________ and admiration. 他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美. 2. You should always __________what you promise. 你应永远履行你的诺言. 3. Don't ________to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了. 4. Shall I ___________you to the hospital? 我陪您去医院 吗 ? 5. She was picked out from the whole class to _________ them at the other school. 从全班中选出她来作为去另一学校的代表. 6. The ________ people often take no interest in fashion. 年长的人通常对时尚不感兴趣. 7. What does the Statue of Liberty __________? 自由女神象征着什么? 8. Chess is a highly __________ game. 象棋是需用高度智力的运动项目. 9. His behaviour was not in keeping with the solemn(庄严的) _________ 他的举止与这庄严的场合不协调. 10. We should make a concrete analysis of each __________ question. 对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $