专题03 选择性必修第一册Unit 5单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末知识清单）高二英语上学期人教版

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理选择性必修第一册Unit 5内容，涵盖词类转换、重点词汇、短语句型、写作任务及高考真题应用，构建从基础词汇拓展到语用能力提升的学习支架，助力语言能力培养。 清单通过分类呈现（如词类转换按“动词-名词-形容词”关联）、易混词对比表（如“attain”与“achieve”用法辨析）等设计，体现知识完整性与条理性。写作模块提供正反观点议论文模板及亮点词汇，高考真题链接标注考点，培养思维品质与学习能力，学生可自主夯实基础，教师可据此优化教学方案。

专题03 选择性必修第一册Unit 5单元词汇短语句型梳理 1.________ vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→________ adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的→________ n. 热爱;献身;专心;忠诚 2.________ n. 不足;缺少;短缺→________ adj. 短的;缺乏的;不足的→________ v. (使)变短;缩短→________ adv. 不多时;不久;立刻;马上 3.________ vt. 使增长;使兴旺　n. 增长;提高;激励→________ n. 帮助(或激励、改善)……的事物;助推器 4.________ vt. 使相信;使确信;说服;劝说→________ adj. 确信的→________ adj. 令人信服的 5.________ n. 特征;特点;品质　adj. 典型的;独特的→________ n. 品质,性格;特点,特性;角色;符号;文字→________ vt. 是……的特征;以……为典型;描述 6.________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到→________ n. 达到;获得;成就;造诣 7.________ adj. 传统的;习惯的→________ n. 惯例;习俗 8.________ n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→________ v. 假定;假设;承担(责任);取得(权利)→________ conj. 假设……为真;假如 9.________ adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的→________ adv. 强烈地;非常→________ n. 增强;加剧;紧张 10.________ vt. & vi. 扩大;增加;增强　vt. 扩展;发展(业务) vi. 细谈;详述→________ n. 扩大;膨胀→________ adj. 广阔的;广泛的;全面的 11.________ vt. 估计;估价;估算　n. 估计;估算;估价→________ n. 判断;评价;估计→________ vt. & n. 高估→________ vt. & n. 低估 12.________ n. 消耗;消耗量;消费→________ v. 消耗;耗费;吃;喝;使充满(强烈的感情)→________ n. 消费者 13.________ vt. 产生;引起→________ n. (尤指电、热等的)产生;(一)代 14.________ n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲→________ adj. 不慌不忙的;慢悠悠的　adv. 悠闲地 15.________ n. 现实;实际情况;事实→________ adj. 真的;现实的→________ adv. 真正地;事实上→________ vt. 实现;意识到 16.________ adj. 含盐的;咸的→________ n. 食盐　vt. (给食物) 加盐→________ adj. 加了盐的 17.________ n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→________ v. 使延长;扩大→________ adj. 广阔的;广大的;广泛的 18.________ n. 危机;危急关头→________ (pl.) 19.________ vt. 克服;解决;战胜　使受巨大影响→________/________/________ (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 20.________ n. 产量;输出;输出量　vt. 输出→________/________/________ (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→________ n. & vt. 投入;输入 21.________ adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的→________ adv. 国内地;家庭式地 22.________ adj. 与化学有关的;化学的　n. 化学制品;化学品→________ n. 化学→________ n. 化学家;药剂师 23.________ n. 味道;特点;特色→________ adj. 有……味道的;添加了味道的 24.________ n. 营养;滋养→________ adj. 营养(物)的→________ adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的 25.________ n. 贫穷;贫困→________ adj. 贫穷的→________ adv. 糟糕地　adj. 不适 26.________ vt. & vi. 消化　vt. 领会;领悟　n. 摘要;文摘→________ n. 消化;消化能力 27.________ adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的　n. 必需品;要点;要素→________ adv. 本质上;根本上;基本上 28.________ n. 可供选择的事物　adj. 可供替代的;非传统的→________ adv. 要不,或者 29.________ n. 食品杂货店　(pl.)食品杂货→________ n. 食物杂货商 30.________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度);深厚;诚挚;强烈→________ adj. 深的;纵深的　adv. 深深地;在深处→________ adv. 非常;深刻地→________ v. 加强;加深 31.________ n. 根;根茎;根部;根源　 vt. & vi. (使)生根 vi.翻寻→________ adj. 固定在某地的;稳固的;根深蒂固的 32.________ adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地→________ adj. 完全的;完整的 1．crisis n．(pl.crises) __________ 2．characteristic n. ________________ adj. ________________ 3．conventional adj. __________________ 4．domestic adj. _________________________________ 5．celebrity n. _________________________ 6．envision vt. ______________ 7．grain n. ___________________ 8．urban adj. __________________________ 9．bomb n. _____ vt. ____________________ 10．tunnel n. _____________________ 11．wheat n. _______________ 12．flavour(NAmE-vor) n. ___________________ 13．poverty n. ____________ 14．organic adj. ________________________________ 15．bacterium n．(pl. bacteria) _______ 16．grocery n. _____________[pl.groceries] ___________ 1.________________成功做某事 2.________________应对危机 3.________________历经千辛万苦 4.make ________________做出不可估量的贡献 5.________________把……用于;献身;致力;专心 6.________________在内心深处;本质上;实际上 7.________________不在乎名利 8.________________实现梦想 9.________________年轻的心态 10.________________满怀憧憬 11.________________例如 12.________________世界粮食日 13.________________提高产量 14.________________扩大产量 15.________________获得更高产量 16.________________ 严重的食物短缺 17.________________减少全球饥饿和贫困 18.________________永不浪费食物 19.________________成为现实 20.________________包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) 21.________________鉴于;考虑到 22.________________转向 23.________________ 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 24.________________广泛使用 25.________________ the case远非如此 26.________________富含营养 27.essential ________必需的矿物质 28.________________生活的各个方面 29.________________ chemicals让……不受化学物质的污染 1.Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, ______________________________. 确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 2.______________________________ about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。 3.Why different crops are grown is that___________________________,making it ready for the next batch of crops.种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 一、单元写作任务：农业相关正反观点议论文 正反观点议论文是对农业相关话题（如耕作方式、农业技术应用等）提出不同见解并说明理由，使读者信服的文体。核心是通过摆事实、讲道理辨析观点正误，支持或否定某种农业主张。写作需观点鲜明、逻辑清晰、论据充分，内容通常包括： 1. 点明辩论主题及参与者；2. 分述正反两方观点及论据；3. 得出结论或表明个人观点。 二、亮点词汇 1. view/opinion 观点 2. differ/vary 不同 3. different/various 不同的 4. object 反对 5. debate 辩论 6. against 反对（prep.） 7. favor/support 支持（v.） 8. opposite 相反的 9. exception 例外 10. reasonable 合理的 11. effective 有效的 12. advantage 优点 13. organic farming 有机耕作 14. chemical fertilizer 化学肥料 15. crop yield 农作物产量 16. ecological protection 生态保护 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Recently, our class had a heated debate about whether chemical farming is better than organic farming. 最近，我们班就化学耕作是否比有机耕作更好展开了激烈辩论。 (2) Different people hold various views about the issue of sustainable farming. 人们对可持续耕作这一问题持有不同的观点。 (3) People have taken different attitudes towards the use of pesticides in agriculture. 人们对农业中农药的使用持有不同态度。 (4) There are different opinions among people as to whether space exploration is worth the effort. 关于太空探索是否值得，人们看法不一。 2. 中段常用句式 （1）陈述正方观点 (1) Some are in favor of chemical farming. They think it helps increase crop yield significantly. 有些人支持化学耕作，他们认为这能显著提高农作物产量。 (2) People who are for organic farming believe it is environmentally-friendly. 支持有机耕作的人认为它对环境友好。 (3) On the contrary, there are some people in favor of traditional farming. At the same time, they say it preserves soil fertility. 相反，有一些人支持传统耕作，他们说这能保持土壤肥力。 （2）陈述反方观点 (1) Some of them hold a different view, arguing that chemical farming harms people’s health. 他们中的一些人持有不同观点，认为化学耕作危害人体健康。 (2) People who are against organic farming don’t think so—they claim its yield is too low. 反对有机耕作的人不这么认为，他们声称其产量太低。 (3) Some people argue that chemical pesticides kill not only pests but also beneficial organisms. 一些人认为化学农药不仅杀死害虫，还会杀死有益生物。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think organic farming is better for long-term development. 就我而言，我在某种程度上同意后者的观点，我认为有机耕作更有利于长期发展。 (2) It is universally acknowledged that every coin has two sides, and farming methods are no exception. 人们普遍认为事物都有两面性，耕作方式也不例外。 (3) Comparing this with that, however, I prefer organic farming to chemical farming. 不过，相比之下，我更喜欢有机耕作而不是化学耕作。 (4) For my part, I think it reasonable to combine the advantages of both methods. Only in this way can we balance yield and environmental protection. 在我看来，结合两种方式的优点是合理的。只有这样，我们才能平衡产量和环境保护。 四、范文背诵 Recently, our class had a heated debate about whether chemical farming is better than organic farming. Different students hold different views. Some students who are in favor of chemical farming maintain that it has a number of benefits. To begin with, they think crops grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow fast and are high in production, thus relieving the starvation problem around the world. In addition, chemical farming is a great way to fight crop diseases and insects, making crops look more attractive. While those who are greatly opposed to it argue that organic farming uses natural waste from animals as fertilizer, making the soil rich in minerals and protecting the environment. More importantly, organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man-made chemicals, avoiding damage to people’s health. As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. Comparing the two methods, I prefer organic farming. It is not only beneficial to our health but also contributes to ecological balance, which is vital for sustainable agricultural development. 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Water is e to the growth of crops. 2. I had no （选择/可供选择的事物）but to turn to you for help. 3. If you work hard, you will o this problem. 4. Neighbors devoted their spare time to___________ (help) others rebuild homes. 5. You will never attain success unless you are fully ___________ (devote) to your work. 6. Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an ___________ (entire) different word order. 7. Our plans were based on the ___________ (assume) that everyone would be willing to help. 8. ___________ reality, different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency (效率) greatly. 9. Her _______________ (强烈的) interest in biology led her to research plant strains. 10. The government plans to _______________ (扩大) agricultural output by 20%. 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Travel promotes understanding, ________ (expand) our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid ________ (grow) of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 2.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）I post my work on social media and, ________ turn, have met some of the kindest people. 3.（2023·浙江高考1月）Another mistake most people make is to work out ________ (intense) almost every day. 4.（2023·浙江高考1月）Perhaps your household won’t ________ (entire) make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces ________ (make) the changes you desire. 5.（新高考Ⅰ卷）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and ________ (consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. 6.（2024·浙江高考1月）________ (give) the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” 7.（2023·全国甲卷）________ we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. 8.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The core of your relationship is ________ you will always be there to help each other. 1.However, what concerned him most was that .然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺 2.Today, about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻…… 3. Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 5. is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. 种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 易混词 用法及例句 devote dedicate devote（v. 致力于；奉献）：侧重“专心投入时间、精力”于目标或事业，常用搭配devote...to doing，语气较通用。 例：Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to researching hybrid rice. 袁隆平毕生致力于杂交水稻研究。 例：Farmers devote a lot of time to caring for crops during the growing season. 农民在作物生长期投入大量时间照料庄稼。 dedicate（v. 献身；奉献）：侧重“正式献身于崇高目标”，语气更庄重，常用搭配dedicate...to sb./sth.。 例：The scientist dedicated her research achievements to the fight against world hunger. 这位科学家将研究成果献给抗击全球饥饿的事业。 例：He dedicated his life to promoting sustainable farming practices. 他献身于推广可持续耕作方式。 attain achieve attain（v. 获得；达成）：侧重“经过艰苦努力实现较难的目标”，尤指数量、水平等，Unit5高频搭配“attain yield”。 例：The new hybrid strain helps farmers attain a higher yield even in dry areas. 这种新杂交品种帮助农民在干旱地区也能获得更高产量。 例：It takes years of hard work to attain mastery in organic farming. 要精通有机耕作需要多年的努力。 achieve（v. 实现；取得）：用法更通用，侧重“通过努力达成任何目标”，可指成就、梦想等。 例：Yuan Longping achieved his dream of feeding more people with hybrid rice. 袁隆平实现了用杂交水稻养活更多人的梦想。 例：The farm achieved a record production of wheat this year. 这家农场今年小麦产量创下纪录。 expand extend expand（v. 扩大；扩展）：侧重“扩大规模、产量、范围”，尤指数量或业务增长，Unit5核心搭配“expand output”。 例：The government plans to expand grain output by optimizing planting structures. 政府计划通过优化种植结构扩大粮食产量。 例：The farm expanded its organic vegetable cultivation area by 50% this year. 这家农场今年将有机蔬菜种植面积扩大了50%。 extend（v. 延长；延伸）：侧重“延长时间、空间或范围”，不侧重数量增长。 例：Farmers extend the growing period of crops by using greenhouses. 农民通过温室延长作物的生长期。 例：The road extends from the village to the farmland for easier transportation. 这条路从村庄延伸到农田，方便运输。 boost increase boost（v. 促进；提升）：侧重“快速、有效地提升数量或水平”，强调“助推作用”，Unit5高频搭配“boost yields”。 例：Using organic fertilizer can boost crop yields without polluting the soil. 使用有机肥能在不污染土壤的情况下提高作物产量。 例：The new agricultural policy has boosted farmers' enthusiasm for grain production. 新的农业政策激发了农民种粮的积极性。 increase（v./n. 增加；增多）：用法最通用，侧重“数量逐渐增长”，无“助推”隐含义。 例：The consumption of organic food has increased steadily in recent years. 近年来有机食品的消费量稳步增长。 例：We need to increase investment in agricultural technology to improve efficiency. 我们需要增加农业技术投入以提高效率。 conventional traditional conventional（adj. 常规的；传统的）：侧重“符合惯例、常规的”，尤指方法、做法，隐含“非创新”之意，Unit5搭配“conventional farming”。 例：Conventional farming often uses chemical fertilizers to increase production. 常规耕作常使用化肥提高产量。 例：Many farmers are gradually abandoning conventional planting methods for organic ones. 许多农民正逐渐放弃常规种植方式，转向有机种植。 traditional（adj. 传统的；惯例的）：侧重“传承已久的文化、习俗或方法”，隐含“文化延续性”。 例：Traditional planting methods in this area have been passed down for centuries. 该地区的传统种植方法已传承数百年。 例：She learned traditional crop rotation techniques from her grandfather. 她从祖父那里学到了传统的轮作技术。 essential necessary essential（adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的）：侧重“事物本身不可或缺，缺之则无法存在”，常用搭配be essential for/to。 例：Essential minerals in soil are vital for crop growth and development. 土壤中的必需矿物质对作物生长发育至关重要。 例：Clean water is essential for both crops and livestock on the farm. 清洁的水对农场的作物和牲畜都必不可少。 necessary（adj. 必要的；必需的）：侧重“为实现目标而需要”，语气较通用，可替代essential，但程度稍弱。 例：It is necessary to test the soil before choosing fertilizers. 选择化肥前测试土壤是必要的。 例：Farmers need necessary tools to plow the land efficiently. 农民需要必要的工具来高效耕地。 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $专题03 选择性必修第一册Unit 5单元词汇短语句型梳理 清单 01 词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三) 1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的→devotion n.热爱;献身;专心;忠诚 2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.短的;缺乏的;不足的→shorten v. (使)变短;缩短→shortly adv.不多时;不久;立刻;马上 3.boost vt.使增长;使兴旺　n.增长;提高;激励→booster n.帮助(或激励、改善)……的事物;助推器 4.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服;劝说→convinced adj.确信的→convincing adj.令人信服的 5.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质　adj.典型的;独特的→character n.品质,性格;特点,特性;角色;符号;文字→characterise/-ize vt.是……的特征;以……为典型;描述 6.attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到→attainment n.达到;获得;成就;造诣 7.conventional adj.传统的;习惯的→convention n.惯例;习俗 8.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→assume v.假定;假设;承担(责任);取得(权利)→assuming conj.假设……为真;假如 9.intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的→intensely adv.强烈地;非常→intensity n.增强;加剧;紧张 10.expand vt. & vi.扩大;增加;增强　vt.扩展;发展(业务) vi.细谈;详述→expansion n.扩大;膨胀→expansive adj.广阔的;广泛的;全面的 11.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算　n.估计;估算;估价→estimation n.判断;评价;估计→overestimate vt. & n.高估→underestimate vt. & n.低估 12.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume v.消耗;耗费;吃;喝;使充满(强烈的感情)→consumer n.消费者 13.generate vt.产生;引起→generation n. (尤指电、热等的)产生;(一)代 14.leisure n.闲暇;休闲;空闲→leisurely adj.不慌不忙的;慢悠悠的　adv.悠闲地 15.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→real adj.真的;现实的→really adv.真正地;事实上→realize/-ise vt.实现;意识到 16.salty adj.含盐的;咸的→salt n.食盐　vt. (给食物)加盐→salted adj.加了盐的 17.extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend v.使延长;扩大→extensive adj.广阔的;广大的;广泛的 18.crisis n.危机;危急关头→crises (pl.) 19.overcome vt.克服;解决;战胜　使受巨大影响→overcame/overcome/overcoming (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 20.output n.产量;输出;输出量　vt.输出→output/output/outputting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→input n. & vt.投入;输入 21.domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的→domestically adv.国内地;家庭式地 22.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的　n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家;药剂师 23.flavo(u)r n.味道;特点;特色→flavo(u)red adj.有……味道的;添加了味道的 24.nutrition n.营养;滋养→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的 25.poverty n.贫穷;贫困→poor adj.贫穷的→poorly adv.糟糕地　adj.不适 26.digest vt. & vi.消化　vt.领会;领悟　n.摘要;文摘→digestion n.消化;消化能力 27.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的　n.必需品;要点;要素→essentially adv.本质上;根本上;基本上 28.alternative n.可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的;非传统的→alternatively adv.要不,或者 29.grocery n.食品杂货店　(pl.)食品杂货→grocer n.食物杂货商 30.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度);深厚;诚挚;强烈→deep adj.深的;纵深的　adv.深深地;在深处→deeply adv.非常;深刻地→deepen v.加强;加深 31.root n.根;根茎;根部;根源　 vt. & vi. (使)生根vi.翻寻→rooted adj.固定在某地的;稳固的;根深蒂固的 32.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj.完全的;完整的 1．crisis n．(pl.crises) 危机；危急关头 2．characteristic n. 特征；特点 adj. 典型的；特有的 3．conventional adj. 传统的；常规的；符合习俗的 4．domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的；驯养的 5．celebrity n. 名人；名流；著名；名望 6．envision vt. 想象；预想；展望 7．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒；细粒 8．urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 9．bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；投弹于 10．tunnel n. 隧道；地道；坑道 11．wheat n. 小麦；麦子 12．flavour(NAmE-vor) n. 味道；风味；特色 13．poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 14．organic adj. 有机的；有机体的；器官的 15．bacterium n．(pl. bacteria) 细菌 16．grocery n. 食品杂货店 [pl.groceries] 食品杂货 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 2.tackle the crisis应对危机 3.through intense effort历经千辛万苦 4.make invaluable contributions做出不可估量的贡献 5.devote ... to把……用于;献身;致力;专心 6.deep down在内心深处;本质上;实际上 7.care little for celebrity or money不在乎名利 8.fulfil one’s dreams实现梦想 9.young at heart年轻的心态 10.full of vision满怀憧憬 11.for instance例如 12.World Food Day世界粮食日 13.boost yields提高产量 14.expand output扩大产量 15.attain a higher yield获得更高产量 16.a serious shortage of food严重的食物短缺 17.alleviate world hunger and poverty减少全球饥饿和贫困 18.never waste food永不浪费食物 19.become a reality成为现实 20.be comprised of包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) 21.given that鉴于;考虑到 22.switch/turn to转向 23.in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流 24.in widespread use广泛使用 25.far from the case远非如此 26.rich in nutrition富含营养 27.essential minerals必需的矿物质 28.all aspects of life生活的各个方面 29.keep ... free of/from chemicals让……不受化学物质的污染 1.Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。  2.What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。  3.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 一、单元写作任务：农业相关正反观点议论文 正反观点议论文是对农业相关话题（如耕作方式、农业技术应用等）提出不同见解并说明理由，使读者信服的文体。核心是通过摆事实、讲道理辨析观点正误，支持或否定某种农业主张。写作需观点鲜明、逻辑清晰、论据充分，内容通常包括： 1. 点明辩论主题及参与者；2. 分述正反两方观点及论据；3. 得出结论或表明个人观点。 二、亮点词汇 1. view/opinion 观点 2. differ/vary 不同 3. different/various 不同的 4. object 反对 5. debate 辩论 6. against 反对（prep.） 7. favor/support 支持（v.） 8. opposite 相反的 9. exception 例外 10. reasonable 合理的 11. effective 有效的 12. advantage 优点 13. organic farming 有机耕作 14. chemical fertilizer 化学肥料 15. crop yield 农作物产量 16. ecological protection 生态保护 三、常用表达 1. 首段常用句式 (1) Recently, our class had a heated debate about whether chemical farming is better than organic farming. 最近，我们班就化学耕作是否比有机耕作更好展开了激烈辩论。 (2) Different people hold various views about the issue of sustainable farming. 人们对可持续耕作这一问题持有不同的观点。 (3) People have taken different attitudes towards the use of pesticides in agriculture. 人们对农业中农药的使用持有不同态度。 (4) There are different opinions among people as to whether space exploration is worth the effort. 关于太空探索是否值得，人们看法不一。 2. 中段常用句式 （1）陈述正方观点 (1) Some are in favor of chemical farming. They think it helps increase crop yield significantly. 有些人支持化学耕作，他们认为这能显著提高农作物产量。 (2) People who are for organic farming believe it is environmentally-friendly. 支持有机耕作的人认为它对环境友好。 (3) On the contrary, there are some people in favor of traditional farming. At the same time, they say it preserves soil fertility. 相反，有一些人支持传统耕作，他们说这能保持土壤肥力。 （2）陈述反方观点 (1) Some of them hold a different view, arguing that chemical farming harms people’s health. 他们中的一些人持有不同观点，认为化学耕作危害人体健康。 (2) People who are against organic farming don’t think so—they claim its yield is too low. 反对有机耕作的人不这么认为，他们声称其产量太低。 (3) Some people argue that chemical pesticides kill not only pests but also beneficial organisms. 一些人认为化学农药不仅杀死害虫，还会杀死有益生物。 3. 尾段常用句式 (1) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think organic farming is better for long-term development. 就我而言，我在某种程度上同意后者的观点，我认为有机耕作更有利于长期发展。 (2) It is universally acknowledged that every coin has two sides, and farming methods are no exception. 人们普遍认为事物都有两面性，耕作方式也不例外。 (3) Comparing this with that, however, I prefer organic farming to chemical farming. 不过，相比之下，我更喜欢有机耕作而不是化学耕作。 (4) For my part, I think it reasonable to combine the advantages of both methods. Only in this way can we balance yield and environmental protection. 在我看来，结合两种方式的优点是合理的。只有这样，我们才能平衡产量和环境保护。 四、范文背诵 Recently, our class had a heated debate about whether chemical farming is better than organic farming. Different students hold different views. Some students who are in favor of chemical farming maintain that it has a number of benefits. To begin with, they think crops grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow fast and are high in production, thus relieving the starvation problem around the world. In addition, chemical farming is a great way to fight crop diseases and insects, making crops look more attractive. While those who are greatly opposed to it argue that organic farming uses natural waste from animals as fertilizer, making the soil rich in minerals and protecting the environment. More importantly, organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man-made chemicals, avoiding damage to people’s health. As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. Comparing the two methods, I prefer organic farming. It is not only beneficial to our health but also contributes to ecological balance, which is vital for sustainable agricultural development. 根据汉语和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Water is e ssential to the growth of crops. 2. I had no alternative （选择/可供选择的事物）but to turn to you for help. 3. If you work hard, you will o vercome this problem. 4. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild homes. 5. You will never attain success unless you are fully devoted (devote) to your work. 6. Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely (entire) different word order. 7. Our plans were based on the assumption (assume) that everyone would be willing to help. 8. In reality, different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency (效率) greatly. 9. Her intense (强烈的) interest in biology led her to research plant strains. 10. The government plans to expand (扩大) agricultural output by 20%. 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Travel promotes understanding, ________ (expand) our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid ________ (grow) of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 【答案】expands；growth 【解析】第一空考查并列谓语时态。主语Travel为单数，且与promotes、makes、boosts构成并列谓语，遵循“时态一致、主谓一致”原则，故填expand的第三人称单数形式expands。第二空考查词性转换，形容词rapid后需接名词，grow的名词形式为growth（增长），符合语法要求。故依次填expands、growth。 2.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）I post my work on social media and, ________ turn, have met some of the kindest people. 【答案】in 【解析】考查固定搭配。in turn为固定短语，表“反过来、依次”，此处指“我把作品发到社交媒体上，反过来也遇到了一些最善良的人”，符合句意。故填in。 3.（2023·浙江高考1月）Another mistake most people make is to work out ________ (intense) almost every day. 【答案】intensely 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需副词修饰动词短语work out（锻炼），intense为形容词，其副词形式为intensely（剧烈地、高强度地），符合语法要求。故填intensely。 4.（2023·浙江高考1月）Perhaps your household won’t ________ (entire) make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces ________ (make) the changes you desire. 【答案】entirely；to make 【解析】第一空考查词性转换，副词entirely修饰动词make，entire的副词形式为entirely（完全地）；第二空考查非谓语动词，此处用不定式to make表目的，指“为了做出你想要的改变”，符合句意。故依次填entirely、to make。 5.（新高考Ⅰ卷）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and ________ (consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. 【答案】consuming 【解析】考查词性转换。此处需形容词修饰名词habits，consume为动词，其形容词形式为consuming（消费的、消耗的），“consuming habits”表“消费习惯”，符合句意。故填consuming。 6.（2024·浙江高考1月）________ (give) the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” 【答案】Given 【解析】考查非谓语动词（介词用法）。given为过去分词转化的介词，表“考虑到、鉴于”，后接名词短语作状语，符合句意“考虑到存在的疑虑程度”。句首首字母大写，故填Given。 7.（2023·全国甲卷）________ we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。从句中discovered缺少宾语，且指代“发现的内容”，故用What引导主语从句。That引导主语从句时无意义且不充当成分，不符合此处语法需求。故填What。 8.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The core of your relationship is ________ you will always be there to help each other. 【答案】that 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。从句“you will always be there to help each other”意思完整、不缺任何成分，that引导表语从句时无实际意义，仅起连接作用，符合语法要求。故填that。 1.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺 2.Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻…… 3.Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 5.Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. 种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 易混词 用法及例句 devote dedicate devote（v. 致力于；奉献）：侧重“专心投入时间、精力”于目标或事业，常用搭配devote...to doing，语气较通用。 例：Yuan Longping devoted his entire life to researching hybrid rice. 袁隆平毕生致力于杂交水稻研究。 例：Farmers devote a lot of time to caring for crops during the growing season. 农民在作物生长期投入大量时间照料庄稼。 dedicate（v. 献身；奉献）：侧重“正式献身于崇高目标”，语气更庄重，常用搭配dedicate...to sb./sth.。 例：The scientist dedicated her research achievements to the fight against world hunger. 这位科学家将研究成果献给抗击全球饥饿的事业。 例：He dedicated his life to promoting sustainable farming practices. 他献身于推广可持续耕作方式。 attain achieve attain（v. 获得；达成）：侧重“经过艰苦努力实现较难的目标”，尤指数量、水平等，Unit5高频搭配“attain yield”。 例：The new hybrid strain helps farmers attain a higher yield even in dry areas. 这种新杂交品种帮助农民在干旱地区也能获得更高产量。 例：It takes years of hard work to attain mastery in organic farming. 要精通有机耕作需要多年的努力。 achieve（v. 实现；取得）：用法更通用，侧重“通过努力达成任何目标”，可指成就、梦想等。 例：Yuan Longping achieved his dream of feeding more people with hybrid rice. 袁隆平实现了用杂交水稻养活更多人的梦想。 例：The farm achieved a record production of wheat this year. 这家农场今年小麦产量创下纪录。 expand extend expand（v. 扩大；扩展）：侧重“扩大规模、产量、范围”，尤指数量或业务增长，Unit5核心搭配“expand output”。 例：The government plans to expand grain output by optimizing planting structures. 政府计划通过优化种植结构扩大粮食产量。 例：The farm expanded its organic vegetable cultivation area by 50% this year. 这家农场今年将有机蔬菜种植面积扩大了50%。 extend（v. 延长；延伸）：侧重“延长时间、空间或范围”，不侧重数量增长。 例：Farmers extend the growing period of crops by using greenhouses. 农民通过温室延长作物的生长期。 例：The road extends from the village to the farmland for easier transportation. 这条路从村庄延伸到农田，方便运输。 boost increase boost（v. 促进；提升）：侧重“快速、有效地提升数量或水平”，强调“助推作用”，Unit5高频搭配“boost yields”。 例：Using organic fertilizer can boost crop yields without polluting the soil. 使用有机肥能在不污染土壤的情况下提高作物产量。 例：The new agricultural policy has boosted farmers' enthusiasm for grain production. 新的农业政策激发了农民种粮的积极性。 increase（v./n. 增加；增多）：用法最通用，侧重“数量逐渐增长”，无“助推”隐含义。 例：The consumption of organic food has increased steadily in recent years. 近年来有机食品的消费量稳步增长。 例：We need to increase investment in agricultural technology to improve efficiency. 我们需要增加农业技术投入以提高效率。 conventional traditional conventional（adj. 常规的；传统的）：侧重“符合惯例、常规的”，尤指方法、做法，隐含“非创新”之意，Unit5搭配“conventional farming”。 例：Conventional farming often uses chemical fertilizers to increase production. 常规耕作常使用化肥提高产量。 例：Many farmers are gradually abandoning conventional planting methods for organic ones. 许多农民正逐渐放弃常规种植方式，转向有机种植。 traditional（adj. 传统的；惯例的）：侧重“传承已久的文化、习俗或方法”，隐含“文化延续性”。 例：Traditional planting methods in this area have been passed down for centuries. 该地区的传统种植方法已传承数百年。 例：She learned traditional crop rotation techniques from her grandfather. 她从祖父那里学到了传统的轮作技术。 essential necessary essential（adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的）：侧重“事物本身不可或缺，缺之则无法存在”，常用搭配be essential for/to。 例：Essential minerals in soil are vital for crop growth and development. 土壤中的必需矿物质对作物生长发育至关重要。 例：Clean water is essential for both crops and livestock on the farm. 清洁的水对农场的作物和牲畜都必不可少。 necessary（adj. 必要的；必需的）：侧重“为实现目标而需要”，语气较通用，可替代essential，但程度稍弱。 例：It is necessary to test the soil before choosing fertilizers. 选择化肥前测试土壤是必要的。 例：Farmers need necessary tools to plow the land efficiently. 农民需要必要的工具来高效耕地。 $