寒假作业01 句子成分和基本句型（巩固培优）高一英语人教版

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01 句子成分和基本句型 一、句子成分 1.主语：句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。除基础形式外，重点关注名词短语作主语（Most of the little children are curious.）、从句作主语（What you said made me happy.）。 2.谓语：谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。必须体现时态 / 语态，注意主谓一致（The number of students is large.），避免非谓语动词作谓语。 3.表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或所处的位置等，它必须与系动词连用，共同构成句子的谓语部分（系表结构），通常位于系动词之后。常见的系动词有 be 动词、感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）、变化类动词（become, get, turn, grow）以及表示状态持续的动词（remain, stay, keep）等。可充当表语的有形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 4.宾语：宾语是动作的承受者，通常位于及物动词或介词之后，用于补充说明动作作用的对象。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指动作直接作用的对象，间接宾语指动作受益的对象或动作的方向。能充当宾语的词或结构与主语类似，包括名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句等。区分双宾语（give sb. sth.）与宾语补足语（make sb. happy），重点关注从句作宾语（I don’t know if he will come.）。 5.定语：定语用于修饰、限定名词或代词，说明其性质、特征、数量、所属等信息，使被修饰的名词或代词更加具体明确。 6.状语：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、条件、让步、目的、结果等情况，使句子的表达更加丰富、准确。 7.宾语补足语：宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，它通常位于宾语之后，常见的结构为 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。能充当宾语补足语的有形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。注意与双宾语的区别（双宾语：buy sb. sth.；宾补：keep sb. busy），重点掌握形容词、不定式作宾补（ask sb. to do）。 8.同位语：同位语用于对前面的名词或代词进行解释、说明或补充，使其内容更加具体、明确，同位语与被解释的名词或代词在语法地位上平等，所指内容相同。同位语通常由名词、名词短语、从句等充当，可位于被修饰词之后，有时也会用逗号、破折号等与被修饰词隔开。 二、基本句型 主谓（SV） 谓语为不及物动词（The sun rises.） 主谓宾（SVO） 谓语为及物动词（We learn English.） 主系表（SVP） 系动词 + 表语（She looks beautiful.） 主谓双宾（SVOO） 间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物）（He told us a story.） 主谓宾补（SVOC） 宾语 + 补语（We keep the room clean.） 主谓状（SVA） 谓语 + 状语（They lived here.） 主谓宾状（SVOA） 宾语 + 状语（She likes reading in the library.）。 三、特殊句型 (1)There be 句型：表存在（There are many books on the shelf.），注意主谓一致（There is a pen and two books.）。 (2)现在进行时表将来：表计划好的动作（We are leaving tomorrow.），需结合时间状语判断。 (3)并列句：用 and/but/or 连接两个简单句（He is tired, but he keeps working.）。 (4)复合句基本结构：主句 + 从句（定语从句：The book that I read is interesting.；名词性从句：What he said is true.）。 (5)附加疑问句 结构：前肯后否 / 前否后肯（He likes sports, doesn’t he?；She didn’t come, did she?）。 语调：疑问部分升调表不确定，降调表确认（You are coming, aren’t you? ↓）。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1分，共8分） 1．In the sentence “Lily reads books every day.”, the subject is _____. A．Lily B．reads C．books D．every day 2．Which of the following sentences belongs to the Subject + Predicate structure? A．He is a good boy. B．Birds fly. C．She likes apples. D．My mother bought me a dress. 3．In the sentence “The flower looks beautiful.”, the predicative is _____. A．The flower B．looks C．beautiful D．None of them 4．The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____. A．Subject + Predicate + Object B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 5．What’s the object in the sentence “I love music.”? A．I. B．love. C．music. D．None of them. 6．In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is _____. A．We B．made C．the room D．clean 7．The sentence “There is a book on the desk.” is a(n) _____. A．Subject + Predicate structure B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative structure C．Subject + Predicate + Object structure D．There be structure 8．In the sentence “She looks happy.”, the linking verb is _____. A．She B．looks C．happy D．None of them 2、 用给出的基本句型结构翻译句子（每题1分，共10分） 1.你应该保持你的房间干净且整齐。(SVOC) 2.一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校参观。(SVOA) . 3.她给我们作了一个关于现代艺术的有趣的讲座。(SVIODO) 4.当我们从山顶上看，我们感觉这个城市更美。(SVOC) 5.这次活动给我们留下了深刻印象。(SVIODO) 一、阅读理解（每空2分） A Surf Camp Overview Take advantage of this opportunity to surf the best waves of the Christchurch surf region while you receive in-depth surf coaching. The Kaikoura coast will be our target destination. Everything is designed for the average surfer who may have started later than they would have liked. It’s about fun and new surfing experiences. You will improve your surfing by theory (理论) classes, land-based simulations (模拟) video coaching and tips on mindset. Day 1: We will meet as a group in Christchurch around 10 am, load up the car with our surfboards and equipment, and head for Kaikoura. We will get to know each other. I’ll define what surfing level you are at according to a pretest and we’ll hopefully fit two classes in once at our destination. Day 2-4: Three full days of continuous surfing and coaching. In between classes we’ll check videos and go through theory lessons while calming down. We can also check out local attractions and good food spots etc. Day 5: We’ll fit in a couple of surf classes before heading back to Christchurch Airport around 2pm. By attending the Christchurch surf camp you will come away with the skills and confidence to move gradually in the direction of your surfing goals. I hope you’ll feel a sense of possibility that you can learn some new skills. You’ll also get: · video footage (片段) from all your surf classes; · downloads of all the material from the theory classes; · a relaxing positive time with like-minded people. 1．Who are the camp targeted at? A．Professional athletes. B．Unskilled surfers. C．Surf lifeguards. D．Surf coaches. 2．What will campers do on Day 1? A．Learn to choose surfboards. B．Visit local attractions. C．Take a surfing test. D．Watch video lessons. 3．What will campers get from this camp? A．Learning materials and skills. B．Medals and surfing equipment. C．Tickets and additional training. D．One-on-one training and online classes. B When I was a teenager, I wrote postcards to show my friends the new places I had explored every time my family took a vacation. I considered postcards as simply a way to share travels until I came across my grandmother’s postcard album (专辑). It was a dark gray leather album, where most of the postcards had pictures that did not reflect a holiday or a travel destination. Instead, the notes were mostly invitations to a dinner party or, a walk the next day. “Why do these postcards ask you to come to tea?” I asked my grandmother. “Because this is how we communicated before we had a telephone,” she said. “I would post a postcard in the morning mail, and a friend would receive it that afternoon. Then she would post a reply that arrived in my mail the next morning.” I was surprised. Life without a phone sounded like something out of the world. Connecting by postcard seemed as unexpected as using a pigeon (鸽子). I had forgotten about my grandmother’s postcards until lockdowns (封锁) limited our trips to seeing our three granddaughters. Remembering my grandmother’s album, I bought several sets of cards and every few weeks, I’d write notes and mail them. Then one day I opened my mailbox and saw three hand-addressed envelopes. They were from my granddaughters, each thanking me for the postcards. The notes expressed their disappointment with the pandemic and described how my messages had comforted them. I had been thinking how my grandmother had accepted the telephone as a new way to keep relationships. Like her, I accepted the girls’ preferred way of communication and texted my thanks for their letters. However, even as the lock-downs end, I will continue to send them postcards because everyone enjoys receiving a real letter. 4．Why did the author’s grandmother write postcards? A．To share her travel experiences. B．To show love and care. C．To keep in touch with people. D．To kill the time. 5．What did the author think of life without a phone? A．It was unbelievable. B．It was peaceful. C．It was just as usual. D．It was attractive. 6．How did the author feel when receiving her granddaughters’ letters? A．Disappointed. B．Delighted. C．Regretful. D．Embarrassed. 7．Which one should be the title for the text? A．An Old Postcard Album B．New Ways of Communication C．Love during Lockdowns D．Attraction of Postcards C In today’s digital age, social media has become an integral part of our lives. It allows us to connect with friends, family, and even strangers from all over the world. However, the question of whether social media is a blessing or a curse has sparked intense debate. On one hand, social media provides numerous benefits. It enables us to share our lives, experiences, and ideas with a vast audience instantly. For students, it can be a great platform to collaborate on school projects, exchange study resources, and learn from each other. Moreover, it helps long-distance relationships stay strong as people can easily keep in touch through photos, videos, and messages. On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. The constant stream of information can be overwhelming and distracting. Many people find themselves spending hours scrolling through their feeds, wasting precious time that could have been used for more productive activities. Additionally, the spread of false information is a major concern. Rumors and fake news can travel at lightning speed on social media, causing panic and confusion among the public. Another negative aspect is the potential impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. People often compare their lives to the seemingly perfect lives of others they see online, which can make them feel inadequate. In conclusion, while social media offers many advantages, we must also be aware of its drawbacks and use it responsibly. By setting limits on our usage and being critical of the information we consume, we can make the most of this powerful tool without falling victim to its negative effects. 8．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Social media is only beneficial to people. B．Social media has both positive and negative aspects. C．Social media is a curse and should be avoided. D．Social media helps students with their studies only. 9．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of social media? A．Enabling people to share their lives. B．Helping long-distance relationships. C．Spreading false information. D．Providing a platform for students to collaborate. 10．Why can social media have a negative impact on mental health? A．Because it makes people feel lonely, anxious, and have low self-esteem. B．Because it takes up too much of people’s time. C．Because it provides too much useful information. D．Because it helps people connect with strangers. 11．What’s the author’s attitude towards social media? A．Totally positive. B．Totally negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 二、完形填空（每空1分） Many people tend to bring electronic products when travelling, including me. Last year I just ruined my summer vacation by bringing 12 a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail. Instead of reading great novels, I 13 to reading online newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was acting as if I were still in the office. My body was on vacation but my 14 wasn’t. So this year I made up my mind to try something 15 : getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m not good at self-control. But I was 16 . I started by 17 the iPad to my wife. Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone 18 at our cabin was worse than in the past. I was trapped in a small circle and 19 to carry out my plan. 20 cut off from e-mail and my favorite newspaper websites, I had little way to 21 the world. I had no choice but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation 22 against the Internet. I finally realized that it was I, of course, not the iPad, that led to the problem. I knew I had 23 when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. “Don’t need it,” I said. 24 , as we return to work, a test begins: Can I 25 when I’m back at work? I had no 26 of giving up my iPad completely. But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to use it every five minutes. 12．A．about B．up C．along D．out 13．A．stuck B．led C．donated D．contributed 14．A．opinion B．identity C．mind D．image 15．A．attractive B．effective C．magical D．different 16．A．unusual B．shocked C．determined D．professional 17．A．defining B．handing C．sending D．confirming 18．A．quality B．download C．signal D．technology 19．A．concerned B．reminded C．inspired D．forced 20．A．Immediately B．Fortunately C．Largely D．Creatively 21．A．give way to B．connect to C．adapt to D．turn to 22．A．comparison B．struggle C．contrast D．protect 23．A．won B．removed C．suffered D．recovered 24．A．Somehow B．Anyway C．However D．Therefore 25．A．function B．forgive C．escape D．continue 26．A．guideline B．intention C．emotion D．measure 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo and silk, etc. Some cultures even carved marks on pieces of stone. Writing materials were expensive and hard to use, and few people learned 1 (read). Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks to a man named Cai Lun. Cai Lun began 2 (work) as a palace servant in Imperial China in the year AD 75. His service to the emperor was rewarded with several promotions. Cai Lun’s most important promotion came in the year 89, when he was put 3 charge of making paper. Paper had already existed in China, 4 the process for making it was difficult and the paper was low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting with many different materials and different 5 (way) of reducing those materials to paper. In the year 105, Cai Lun 6 (show) the emperor a way of making paper from bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. Cai Lun’s paper was stronger and cheaper than any paper 7 had been made before. The emperor was pleased and gave Cai Lun great wealth. Because of Cai Lun’s paper making method, Chinese culture grew more 8 (rapid) over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much 9 (easy) to share, and more people learned to read. The use of paper spread beyond China, helping other cultures record and spread 10 (they) ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But the entire world should be grateful for the clever Chinese paper maker. 二、书信写作 11．假定你是李华，你的笔友Richard是你校的一名交换生，正在犹豫选科问题，他不确定选择物理方向还是历史方向，给你写了一封邮件征求你的建议，请你给他写一封回信。 字数：80词左右；为使行文连贯，可适当添加细节。 Dear Richard, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业01 句子成分和基本句型 一、句子成分 1.主语：句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。除基础形式外，重点关注名词短语作主语（Most of the little children are curious.）、从句作主语（What you said made me happy.）。 2.谓语：谓语，对主语进行描述，通常位于句子后面(部分)，谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当，必须体现为某一时态形式。必须体现时态 / 语态，注意主谓一致（The number of students is large.），避免非谓语动词作谓语。 3.表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或所处的位置等，它必须与系动词连用，共同构成句子的谓语部分（系表结构），通常位于系动词之后。常见的系动词有 be 动词、感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）、变化类动词（become, get, turn, grow）以及表示状态持续的动词（remain, stay, keep）等。可充当表语的有形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 4.宾语：宾语是动作的承受者，通常位于及物动词或介词之后，用于补充说明动作作用的对象。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指动作直接作用的对象，间接宾语指动作受益的对象或动作的方向。能充当宾语的词或结构与主语类似，包括名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句等。区分双宾语（give sb. sth.）与宾语补足语（make sb. happy），重点关注从句作宾语（I don’t know if he will come.）。 5.定语：定语用于修饰、限定名词或代词，说明其性质、特征、数量、所属等信息，使被修饰的名词或代词更加具体明确。 6.状语：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、条件、让步、目的、结果等情况，使句子的表达更加丰富、准确。 7.宾语补足语：宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，它通常位于宾语之后，常见的结构为 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。能充当宾语补足语的有形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。注意与双宾语的区别（双宾语：buy sb. sth.；宾补：keep sb. busy），重点掌握形容词、不定式作宾补（ask sb. to do）。 8.同位语：同位语用于对前面的名词或代词进行解释、说明或补充，使其内容更加具体、明确，同位语与被解释的名词或代词在语法地位上平等，所指内容相同。同位语通常由名词、名词短语、从句等充当，可位于被修饰词之后，有时也会用逗号、破折号等与被修饰词隔开。 二、基本句型 主谓（SV） 谓语为不及物动词（The sun rises.） 主谓宾（SVO） 谓语为及物动词（We learn English.） 主系表（SVP） 系动词 + 表语（She looks beautiful.） 主谓双宾（SVOO） 间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物）（He told us a story.） 主谓宾补（SVOC） 宾语 + 补语（We keep the room clean.） 主谓状（SVA） 谓语 + 状语（They lived here.） 主谓宾状（SVOA） 宾语 + 状语（She likes reading in the library.）。 三、特殊句型 (1)There be 句型：表存在（There are many books on the shelf.），注意主谓一致（There is a pen and two books.）。 (2)现在进行时表将来：表计划好的动作（We are leaving tomorrow.），需结合时间状语判断。 (3)并列句：用 and/but/or 连接两个简单句（He is tired, but he keeps working.）。 (4)复合句基本结构：主句 + 从句（定语从句：The book that I read is interesting.；名词性从句：What he said is true.）。 (5)附加疑问句 结构：前肯后否 / 前否后肯（He likes sports, doesn’t he?；She didn’t come, did she?）。 语调：疑问部分升调表不确定，降调表确认（You are coming, aren’t you? ↓）。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1分，共8分） 1．In the sentence “Lily reads books every day.”, the subject is _____. A．Lily B．reads C．books D．every day 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：莉莉每天都读书。此句句子结构是：主谓宾状，Lily是句子的主语（subject），reads是谓语动词，books是宾语，every day作时间状语。故选A项。 2．Which of the following sentences belongs to the Subject + Predicate structure? A．He is a good boy. B．Birds fly. C．She likes apples. D．My mother bought me a dress. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。问题句意：以下哪个句子属于主语+谓语结构？分析句子可知，Subject + Predicate（主谓结构）是指主语发出动作，且谓语是不及物动词，仅靠主语和谓语句子意思就完整。A 选项 “He is a good boy” 是主系表结构，有系动词 “is”；C 选项 “She likes apples” 是主谓宾结构，“likes（喜欢）” 是及物动词，后面有宾语 “apples”；D 选项 “My mother bought me a dress” 是主谓双宾结构。而 B 选项 “Birds fly” 中，“Birds（鸟）” 是主语，“fly（飞）” 是不及物动词作谓语，符合主谓结构特点。故选B项。 3．In the sentence “The flower looks beautiful.”, the predicative is _____. A．The flower B．looks C．beautiful D．None of them 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这朵花看起来很美。此句为主系表结构，在此句子结构中，表语用于说明主语的样子、特征或状态等情况，位于系动词之后。此句中，The flower作主语，looks（看起来）是系动词，beautiful（漂亮的）用于说明主语The flower的特征，作表语。故选C。 4．The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____. A．Subject + Predicate + Object B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他给了妹妹一个玩具。在这个句子里，“He”是主语；“gave”是谓语动词；“his sister”是间接宾语；“a toy”是直接宾语。所以该句是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构。故选C项。 5．What’s the object in the sentence “I love music.”? A．I. B．love. C．music. D．None of them. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我喜欢音乐。在这个句子中，I为主语，“love” 是及物动词，“music”是“love”这个动作所指向的对象，所以宾语是“music”。故选C。 6．In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is _____. A．We B．made C．the room D．clean 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们把房间打扫干净了。在主谓宾补结构中，补语用于补充说明宾语的情况，使句子意思更完整。此句中，we(我们)是主语，the room(房间) 是宾语，clean(干净的) 用于说明宾语the room的状态，所以补语是clean。故选D项。 7．The sentence “There is a book on the desk.” is a(n) _____. A．Subject + Predicate structure B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative structure C．Subject + Predicate + Object structure D．There be structure 【答案】D 【详解】考查句型结构。句意：桌子上有一本书。此处为“There be +主语+地点状语”的结构，用于表示某地存在某物。故选D。 8．In the sentence “She looks happy.”, the linking verb is _____. A．She B．looks C．happy D．None of them 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她看起来高兴。系动词用于连接主语和表语，在 “She looks happy.” 中，looks起到连接主语She和表语happy的作用，说明主语的状态，所以系动词是looks。故选B项。 2、 用给出的基本句型结构翻译句子（每题1分，共10分） 1.你应该保持你的房间干净且整齐。(SVOC) 【答案】You should keep your room clean and tidy. 【解析】该句要求使用 SVOC 句型，句中 You 是主语（S），should keep 是谓语（V），your room 是宾语（O），clean and tidy 是宾语补足语（OC），补充说明宾语的状态，完全符合主谓宾补句型要求。 2.一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校参观。(SVOA) . 【答案】A group of exchange students from the UK are going to visit our school next month. 【解析】该句要求使用 SVOA 句型，句中 A group of exchange students from the UK 是主语（S），are going to visit 是谓语（V），our school 是宾语（O），next month 是时间状语（A），符合主谓宾状句型要求。 3.她给我们作了一个关于现代艺术的有趣的讲座。(SVIODO) 【答案】She gave us an interesting lecture on modern art. 【解析】该句要求使用 SVIODO 句型，句中 She 是主语（S），gave 是谓语（V），us 是间接宾语（IO），an interesting lecture on modern art 是直接宾语（DO），符合主谓间接宾语直接宾语句型要求。 4.当我们从山顶上看，我们感觉这个城市更美。(SVOC) 【答案】When we see from the top of the hill/Seeing from the top of the hill，we can find the city more beautiful. 【解析】该句要求使用 SVOC 句型，句中 we 是主语（S），can find 是谓语（V），the city 是宾语（O），more beautiful 是宾语补足语（OC），补充说明宾语的特征，符合主谓宾补句型要求；句首是时间状语成分，不影响核心句型结构。 5.这次活动给我们留下了深刻印象。(SVIODO) 【答案】The activity left us a deep impression. 【解析】该句要求使用 SVIODO 句型，句中 The activity 是主语（S），left 是谓语（V），us 是间接宾语（IO），a deep impression 是直接宾语（DO），符合主谓间接宾语直接宾语句型要求。 一、阅读理解（每空2分） A Surf Camp Overview Take advantage of this opportunity to surf the best waves of the Christchurch surf region while you receive in-depth surf coaching. The Kaikoura coast will be our target destination. Everything is designed for the average surfer who may have started later than they would have liked. It’s about fun and new surfing experiences. You will improve your surfing by theory (理论) classes, land-based simulations (模拟) video coaching and tips on mindset. Day 1: We will meet as a group in Christchurch around 10 am, load up the car with our surfboards and equipment, and head for Kaikoura. We will get to know each other. I’ll define what surfing level you are at according to a pretest and we’ll hopefully fit two classes in once at our destination. Day 2-4: Three full days of continuous surfing and coaching. In between classes we’ll check videos and go through theory lessons while calming down. We can also check out local attractions and good food spots etc. Day 5: We’ll fit in a couple of surf classes before heading back to Christchurch Airport around 2pm. By attending the Christchurch surf camp you will come away with the skills and confidence to move gradually in the direction of your surfing goals. I hope you’ll feel a sense of possibility that you can learn some new skills. You’ll also get: · video footage (片段) from all your surf classes; · downloads of all the material from the theory classes; · a relaxing positive time with like-minded people. 1．Who are the camp targeted at? A．Professional athletes. B．Unskilled surfers. C．Surf lifeguards. D．Surf coaches. 2．What will campers do on Day 1? A．Learn to choose surfboards. B．Visit local attractions. C．Take a surfing test. D．Watch video lessons. 3．What will campers get from this camp? A．Learning materials and skills. B．Medals and surfing equipment. C．Tickets and additional training. D．One-on-one training and online classes. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是冲浪营的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Everything is designed for the average surfer who may have started later than they would have liked.(一切都是为一般的冲浪者设计的，他们可能开始得比他们想要的晚)”可知，该营地是以不熟练的冲浪者作为目标对象的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“We will get to know each other. I’ll define what surfing level you are at according to a pretest and we’ll hopefully fit two classes in once at our destination.(我们会互相了解的。我会根据预测来确定你的冲浪水平，我们希望能在目的地安排上两节课)”可知，在第一天参与者应该会进行冲浪测试。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Day 5部分中“By attending the Christchurch surf camp you will come away with the skills and confidence to move gradually in the direction of your surfing goals. I hope you’ll feel a sense of possibility that you can learn some new skills.(通过参加克赖斯特彻奇冲浪营，你将获得技巧和信心，并逐渐朝着您的冲浪目标前进。我希望你能感觉到你可以学到一些新技能的可能性)”以及“· video footage (片段) from all your surf classes; · downloads of all the material from the theory classes;(·所有冲浪课程的视频片段；·下载理论课上的所有材料)”可知，参与者将从营中获得一些学习资料和技能。故选A。 B When I was a teenager, I wrote postcards to show my friends the new places I had explored every time my family took a vacation. I considered postcards as simply a way to share travels until I came across my grandmother’s postcard album (专辑). It was a dark gray leather album, where most of the postcards had pictures that did not reflect a holiday or a travel destination. Instead, the notes were mostly invitations to a dinner party or, a walk the next day. “Why do these postcards ask you to come to tea?” I asked my grandmother. “Because this is how we communicated before we had a telephone,” she said. “I would post a postcard in the morning mail, and a friend would receive it that afternoon. Then she would post a reply that arrived in my mail the next morning.” I was surprised. Life without a phone sounded like something out of the world. Connecting by postcard seemed as unexpected as using a pigeon (鸽子). I had forgotten about my grandmother’s postcards until lockdowns (封锁) limited our trips to seeing our three granddaughters. Remembering my grandmother’s album, I bought several sets of cards and every few weeks, I’d write notes and mail them. Then one day I opened my mailbox and saw three hand-addressed envelopes. They were from my granddaughters, each thanking me for the postcards. The notes expressed their disappointment with the pandemic and described how my messages had comforted them. I had been thinking how my grandmother had accepted the telephone as a new way to keep relationships. Like her, I accepted the girls’ preferred way of communication and texted my thanks for their letters. However, even as the lock-downs end, I will continue to send them postcards because everyone enjoys receiving a real letter. 4．Why did the author’s grandmother write postcards? A．To share her travel experiences. B．To show love and care. C．To keep in touch with people. D．To kill the time. 5．What did the author think of life without a phone? A．It was unbelievable. B．It was peaceful. C．It was just as usual. D．It was attractive. 6．How did the author feel when receiving her granddaughters’ letters? A．Disappointed. B．Delighted. C．Regretful. D．Embarrassed. 7．Which one should be the title for the text? A．An Old Postcard Album B．New Ways of Communication C．Love during Lockdowns D．Attraction of Postcards 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从祖母的明信片专辑了解到其用途，疫情封锁期间作者给孙女们寄明信片，孙女们的回信让作者很开心，作者将继续寄明信片。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Because this is how we communicated before we had a telephone,” she said. “I would post a postcard in the morning mail, and a friend would receive it that afternoon. Then she would post a reply that arrived in my mail the next morning.”(“因为在我们有电话之前，这就是我们交流的方式，”她说。“我会在早上的邮件中寄出一张明信片，我的朋友会在当天下午收到。然后她会寄出一封回信，第二天早上就会到我的邮箱里。”) ”可知，作者的祖母写明信片是为了和人们保持联系。故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I was surprised. Life without a phone sounded like something out of the world.(我很惊讶。没有电话的生活听起来就像来自另一个世界的事情)”可知，作者认为没有电话的生活是难以置信的。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Then one day I opened my mailbox and saw three hand addressed envelopes. They were from my granddaughters, each thanking me for the postcards. The notes expressed their disappointment with the pandemic and described how my messages had comforted them.(然后有一天，我打开邮箱，看到了三个手写地址的信封。它们来自我的孙女们，每封信都感谢我寄的明信片。信中表达了她们对疫情的失望，并描述了我的信息是如何安慰她们的)”和第六段中“Like her, I accepted the girls’ preferred way of communication and texted my thanks for their letters.(像她一样，我接受了女孩们喜欢的交流方式，并发短信感谢她们的来信)”可知，疫情阻止了作者对孙女们的探望，所以收到她们的来信时是高兴的。故选B项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第三段中““Because this is how we communicated before we had a telephone(因为在我们有电话之前，这就是我们交流的方式)”可知祖母时代明信片用于交流；根据第五段“The notes expressed their disappointment with the pandemic and described how my messages had comforted them.(信中表达了她们对疫情的失望，并描述了我的信息是如何安慰她们的)”可知作者寄的明信片安慰了孙女们；根据最后一段“However, even as the lock downs end, I will continue to send them postcards because everyone enjoys receiving a real letter.(然而，即使封锁结束，我也会继续给她们寄明信片，因为每个人都喜欢收到真正的信件)”可知明信片受欢迎。这些都体现了明信片的魅力。故D项“Attraction of Postcards(明信片的魅力)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 C In today’s digital age, social media has become an integral part of our lives. It allows us to connect with friends, family, and even strangers from all over the world. However, the question of whether social media is a blessing or a curse has sparked intense debate. On one hand, social media provides numerous benefits. It enables us to share our lives, experiences, and ideas with a vast audience instantly. For students, it can be a great platform to collaborate on school projects, exchange study resources, and learn from each other. Moreover, it helps long-distance relationships stay strong as people can easily keep in touch through photos, videos, and messages. On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. The constant stream of information can be overwhelming and distracting. Many people find themselves spending hours scrolling through their feeds, wasting precious time that could have been used for more productive activities. Additionally, the spread of false information is a major concern. Rumors and fake news can travel at lightning speed on social media, causing panic and confusion among the public. Another negative aspect is the potential impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. People often compare their lives to the seemingly perfect lives of others they see online, which can make them feel inadequate. In conclusion, while social media offers many advantages, we must also be aware of its drawbacks and use it responsibly. By setting limits on our usage and being critical of the information we consume, we can make the most of this powerful tool without falling victim to its negative effects. 8．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Social media is only beneficial to people. B．Social media has both positive and negative aspects. C．Social media is a curse and should be avoided. D．Social media helps students with their studies only. 9．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of social media? A．Enabling people to share their lives. B．Helping long-distance relationships. C．Spreading false information. D．Providing a platform for students to collaborate. 10．Why can social media have a negative impact on mental health? A．Because it makes people feel lonely, anxious, and have low self-esteem. B．Because it takes up too much of people’s time. C．Because it provides too much useful information. D．Because it helps people connect with strangers. 11．What’s the author’s attitude towards social media? A．Totally positive. B．Totally negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述社交媒体已成生活一部分，它既有分享、协作等好处，也存在信息繁杂、影响心理健康等弊端，需合理使用。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段第一句“On one hand, social media provides numerous benefits.(一方面，社交媒体提供了许多好处。)”以及第三段第一句“On the other hand, social media also has its downsides.(另一方面，社交媒体也有它的缺点。)”可知，文章既阐述了社交媒体的优点，又说明了其缺点，即社交媒体既有积极的方面也有消极的方面。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, social media also has its downsides.(另一方面，社交媒体也有它的缺点。)”以及“Additionally, the spread of false information is a major concern.(此外，虚假信息的传播是一个主要问题。)”可知，“传播虚假信息”是社交媒体的缺点，不是好处。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and low self-esteem.(研究表明，过度使用社交媒体会导致孤独感、焦虑和自卑。)”可知，社交媒体对心理健康有负面影响是因为它会让人们感到孤独、焦虑和自卑。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, while social media offers many advantages, we must also be aware of its drawbacks and use it responsibly.(总之，虽然社交媒体提供了许多优势，但我们也必须意识到它的缺点，并负责任地使用它。)”可知，作者既肯定了社交媒体的优点，也指出了其缺点，可推知，作者的态度是中立的。故选C项。 二、完形填空（每空1分） Many people tend to bring electronic products when travelling, including me. Last year I just ruined my summer vacation by bringing 12 a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail. Instead of reading great novels, I 13 to reading online newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was acting as if I were still in the office. My body was on vacation but my 14 wasn’t. So this year I made up my mind to try something 15 : getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m not good at self-control. But I was 16 . I started by 17 the iPad to my wife. Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone 18 at our cabin was worse than in the past. I was trapped in a small circle and 19 to carry out my plan. 20 cut off from e-mail and my favorite newspaper websites, I had little way to 21 the world. I had no choice but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation 22 against the Internet. I finally realized that it was I, of course, not the iPad, that led to the problem. I knew I had 23 when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. “Don’t need it,” I said. 24 , as we return to work, a test begins: Can I 25 when I’m back at work? I had no 26 of giving up my iPad completely. But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to use it every five minutes. 12．A．about B．up C．along D．out 13．A．stuck B．led C．donated D．contributed 14．A．opinion B．identity C．mind D．image 15．A．attractive B．effective C．magical D．different 16．A．unusual B．shocked C．determined D．professional 17．A．defining B．handing C．sending D．confirming 18．A．quality B．download C．signal D．technology 19．A．concerned B．reminded C．inspired D．forced 20．A．Immediately B．Fortunately C．Largely D．Creatively 21．A．give way to B．connect to C．adapt to D．turn to 22．A．comparison B．struggle C．contrast D．protect 23．A．won B．removed C．suffered D．recovered 24．A．Somehow B．Anyway C．However D．Therefore 25．A．function B．forgive C．escape D．continue 26．A．guideline B．intention C．emotion D．measure 【答案】 12．C 13．A 14．C 15．D 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在过去的假期中仍然沉迷线上工作，没有真正的放松身心，这次假期，他决定远离互联网，在妻子的支持下，他成功了，在返回工作后，他决定降低使用电子设备的频率。 12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：去年，我带了一款现代便利设备：iPad，毁了我的暑假。A. (bring) about引起，导致；B. (bring) up养育；C. (bring) along把（某人或某物）带来；D. (bring) out生产，使显现。根据下文“Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail.”可知，作者在假期中查看电子邮件，由此可知，作者旅行时iPad带来了。故选C项。 13．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我每天早上坚持看网上报纸，而不是读伟大的小说。A. stuck (to) 坚持；B. led (to) 导致；C. donated (to) 捐赠给；D. contributed (to) 有助于。根据上文“Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail.”可知，作者在假期中沉迷工作，由此可知，作者每天早上坚持看网上报纸。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的身体在度假，但我的大脑没有。A. opinion意见；B. identity身份；C. mind大脑；D. image形象。根据上文“Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail.”可知，作者在假期中沉迷工作，由此可知，作者的身体在度假，但大脑没有，还在工作中。故选C项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以今年我决定尝试一些不同的东西：远离互联网。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. effective有效的；C. magical神奇的；D. different不同的。根据上文“reading online newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was acting as if I were still in the office.”可知度假时作者依然通过网络阅读报纸，由句中“getting away from the Internet”可知，作者这次决定远离互联网，由此可知，今年作者决定尝试一些不同的东西。故选D项。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我下定决心了。A. unusual不寻常的；B. shocked震惊的；C. determined有决心的；D. professional专业的。根据上文“I’m not good at self-control.”以及空前“But”以及下文“I started by _____ the iPad to my wife.”可知，作者不善于自我控制，但是作者是有决心的，把iPad交给了妻子。故选C项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我首先把iPad交给了妻子。A. defining下定义；B. handing交给；C. sending发送；D. confirming确认。根据上文“getting away from the Internet.”以及“since I’m not good at self-control.”可知，作者决定远离互联网，但是自己缺乏自制力，因此，把iPad交给了妻子。故选B项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，幸运的是：我们小屋的手机信号比过去更糟糕。A. quality质量；B. download已下载的数据资料；C. signal信号；D. technology科技。根据下文“I was trapped in a small circle and _____ to carry out my plan.”可知，作者被迫执行远离互联网的计划，由此可知，旅行中居住的小屋的手机信号不好，作者无法上网。故选C项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被困在一个小圈子里，被迫执行我的计划。A. concerned使担心；B. reminded提醒；C. inspired激励；D. forced强迫，迫使。根据上文“I Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone _____ at our cabin was worse than in the past.”可知，旅行中居住的小屋的手机信号不好，作者无法上网，由此可知，这迫使作者执行远离互联网的计划。故选D项。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于在很大程度上与电子邮件和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，我几乎没有办法与世界联系。A. Immediately立即；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Largely在很大程度上；D. Creatively有创造性地。根据上文“I Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone _____ at our cabin was worse than in the past.”可知，旅行中居住的小屋的手机信号不好，作者无法上网，由此可知，作者在很大程度上与电子邮件和最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝了。故选C项。 21．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由于在很大程度上与电子邮件和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，我几乎没有办法与世界联系。A. give way to向……妥协，让位给；B. connect to与……联系，连接到；C. adapt to适应；D. turn to求助于。根据句中“_____ cut off from e-mail and my favorite newspaper websites”可知，作者无法查看电子邮件和最喜欢的报纸网站，由此可知，作者几乎没有办法与世界联系。故选B项。 22．考查名词和动词词义辨析。句意：在妻子的坚定决心和大力支持下，我成功地与互联网进行了假期斗争。A. comparison比较；B. struggle斗争；C. contrast对比；D. protect保护。根据上文“getting away from the Internet.”可知，作者决定假期中远离互联网，此处指在与互联网的假期斗争中作者成功了。故选B项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们经过一家星巴克时，我知道我赢了，我妻子问我是否想停下来使用Wi-Fi。“不需要，”我说。A. won赢了；B. removed去除；C. suffered遭受；D. recovered康复。根据句中“Don’t need it”可知，作者拒绝使用Wi-Fi，由此可知，在与互联网斗争中作者赢了。故选A项。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作岗位时，一个测试开始了：我可以在回到工作岗位后继续远离互联网吗？A. Somehow不知怎么地；B. Anyway无论如何；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据句中“Can I _____ when I’m back at work?”可知，假期在与互联网的斗争中，作者赢了，但作者不知道回到工作岗位后会怎样，由此可知，上下文为转折关系，“However”意为“然而”，符合语境。故选C项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作岗位时，一个测试开始了：我可以在回到工作岗位后继续远离互联网吗？A. function起作用；B. forgive原谅；C. escape逃跑；D. continue继续。根据句中“a test begins”可知，假期在与互联网的斗争中，作者赢了，但当回到工作岗位时，作者面临一个测试，不知道回到工作岗位后能否继续远离互联网。故选D项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我并不打算完全放弃我的iPad。A. guideline准则；B. intention打算，意图；C. emotion情绪；D. measure措施。根据下文“But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to use it every five minutes.”可知，作者希望降低使用电子设备的频率，由此可知，作者并不打算完全放弃我的iPad。故选B项。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo and silk, etc. Some cultures even carved marks on pieces of stone. Writing materials were expensive and hard to use, and few people learned 1 (read). Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks to a man named Cai Lun. Cai Lun began 2 (work) as a palace servant in Imperial China in the year AD 75. His service to the emperor was rewarded with several promotions. Cai Lun’s most important promotion came in the year 89, when he was put 3 charge of making paper. Paper had already existed in China, 4 the process for making it was difficult and the paper was low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting with many different materials and different 5 (way) of reducing those materials to paper. In the year 105, Cai Lun 6 (show) the emperor a way of making paper from bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. Cai Lun’s paper was stronger and cheaper than any paper 7 had been made before. The emperor was pleased and gave Cai Lun great wealth. Because of Cai Lun’s paper making method, Chinese culture grew more 8 (rapid) over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much 9 (easy) to share, and more people learned to read. The use of paper spread beyond China, helping other cultures record and spread 10 (they) ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But the entire world should be grateful for the clever Chinese paper maker. 【答案】 1．to read 2．working/to work 3．in 4．but 5．ways 6．showed 7．that 8．rapidly 9．easier 10．their 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了造纸术发明家蔡伦的事迹，介绍了在纸发明前人们书写材料的情况，以及蔡伦改进造纸术的过程和造纸术对中国文化及世界文化传播产生的重要影响 。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：书写材料昂贵且难以使用，很少有人学习阅读。“learn to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“学习做某事”，主语people与read是逻辑上的主动关系，用动词不定式形式作宾语。故填to read。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：公元75年，蔡伦开始在中国皇宫做仆人。主语Cai Lun与work是逻辑主动关系，此处想表达的是开始做仆人，“begin doing sth.”和“begin to do sth.”都有“开始做某事”的意思，所以空处应用动名词working或动词不定式to work作宾语。故填working/to work。 3．考查介词。句意：蔡伦最重要的晋升发生在89年，当时他被任命负责造纸。“in charge of”是固定短语，意为“负责；掌管”，所以空处应用介词in。故填in。 4．考查连词。句意：纸在中国已经存在，但制作过程困难，而且纸张质量差。前文“Paper had already existed in China”说明纸已存在，后文说制作难、质量差，存在转折关系，所以空处应用连词but连接。故填but。 5．考查名词的数。句意：蔡伦开始用许多不同的材料和不同的方法将这些材料制成纸进行试验。different后接可数名词复数，空处应填way的复数形式。故填ways。 6．考查动词时态。句意：公元105年，蔡伦向皇帝展示了一种用竹子、破布和渔网造纸的方法。根据时间状语“In the year 105”可知，句子用一般过去时，空处应填show的过去式。故填showed。 7．考查定语从句。句意：蔡伦的纸比以前做的任何纸都更结实、更便宜。空处引导定语从句，先行词是paper，指物，在定语从句中作主语，因先行词被any修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 8．考查副词。句意：由于蔡伦的造纸方法，中国文化在接下来的几个世纪里发展得更快。此处修饰动词grew，应用副词rapidly作状语。故填rapidly。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：这是因为思想更容易分享，更多的人学会了阅读。much可修饰形容词比较级，根据语境，此处是和以前对比思想分享的难易程度，空处应填easy的比较级形式easier，与后文more people形成逻辑呼应。故填easier。 10．考查代词。句意：纸张的使用传播到中国以外，帮助其他文化记录和传播他们的思想。此处修饰名词ideas，要用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。 二、书信写作 11．假定你是李华，你的笔友Richard是你校的一名交换生，正在犹豫选科问题，他不确定选择物理方向还是历史方向，给你写了一封邮件征求你的建议，请你给他写一封回信。 字数：80词左右；为使行文连贯，可适当添加细节。 Dear Richard, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Richard, Learning that you are deeply troubled by what elective subjects to choose, I’m writing to offer some suggestions to express my humble opinions to you. First and foremost, the most important factor that you should consider is your preference, which can inject limitless motivation and fuel you following learning. Additionally, objectively analyzing and comparing performances in history and physics, you can figure out where your strength lies in, so as to bring out your advantage later. Last but not least, it is advisable to turn to teachers who can offer your professional suggestions, allowing you to make a considerate decision. Hopefully, my advice will be of value to you. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给笔友 Richard 写一封回信，针对他在选择物理方向还是历史方向上的犹豫给出建议。 【详解】词汇积累 建议：suggestions→ recommendations 重要的：important→ significant 优势：advantage→ merit 提供：offer→provide 句式拓展 同义句改写 原句：Hopefully, my advice will be of value to you. 拓展句：I hope that my advice will be helpful to you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning that you are deeply troubled by what elective subjects to choose, I’m writing to offer some recommendations to express my humble opinions to you.（使用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Last but not least, it is advisable to turn to teachers who can offer your professional suggestions, allowing you to make a considerate decision.（使用关系代词who为引导词的定语从句以及现在分词作状语） 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $