专题02 Unit3-4 知识清单（重点单词、词汇拓展、课文填空、重点短语、重点句子、语法、写作）2025-2026学年新教材人教版英语八年级上册期末复习

该初中英语Unit3-4知识清单系统梳理了比较级与最高级核心语法及相关主题内容，涵盖重点单词、词汇拓展、课文填空、短语句子、语法规则及写作应用六大知识范畴，搭建从基础词汇积累到语法规则掌握再到语用输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合与分级呈现构建完整知识体系，如词汇按“重点单词-拓展变形”分类，语法以“规则变化表+不规则对照表”梳理，突出语言能力与思维品质培养。特别设计课文填空语境应用、写作范文核心短语标注（如“one of the most popular”）等实用模块，不同基础学生可高效学习，既便于学生自主复习巩固，也为教师教学设计提供精准参考。

专题02 Unit3-4 知识清单 Unit3 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.compare v.比较,对比 2.shy adj.害羞的 3.lazy adj.懒惰的,懒洋洋的 4.loud adv.响亮地adj.大声的 5.outgoing adj.外向的 6.hard-working adj.勤奋的 7.perform v.表演,执行 8.alone adj.&adv.独自,单独 9.solve.解决,解答 10.prize n.奖,奖励 11.attend v.参加,出席 12.besides prep.除…之外(还)adv.而且 13.spare adj.空闲的,备用的 v.抽出,拨出 14.pleasure n.乐事,愉快,荣幸 15.appearance n.外表,露面 16.personality n.性格,品质 17.serious adj.严肃的,严重的 18.strength n.优势,力量 19.slim adj.苗条的,薄的 20.fact n.事实,现实 21.average adj.平均的,平常的n.平均数,平均水准 22.population n.人口 23.pleasant adj.宜人的,友好的 24.alike adj.相像的adv.相似地 25.interest n.业余爱好,兴趣 v.使感兴趣 26.novel n.小说 27.difference n. 差异 28.sense n.理解力,感觉 29humour(=humor) n.幽默,幽默感 30.touch v.触动,触碰 31.opinion n.看法,意见 32.honest adj.坦诚的,诚实的 33.direct adj率直的,直接的 34.similarity n.相似之处 35.friendship n.友谊,友情 36.character n.人物,个性 37.exchange v.&n.交换 38.accident n.意外,(交通)事故 39.expect v.预料,期待 40.situation n.情况,状况 41.reach v.伸手,达到 42.less adj.较少的,更少的,adv.较少地,更少地pron.较少,更少 二．词汇拓展 1.compare→comparison (n.比较)→comparative (adj.比较的)→comparable(adj.比较的；对照的) 2.shy→shyness (n.羞怯)→shyly (adv.羞怯地)→outgoing (adj.外向的，反义词) 3.lazy→laziness  (n.懒惰)→lazily (adv.懒洋洋地) 4.loud→loudly  (adv.大声地)→quiet (adj.安静的，反义词) 5.perform→performance (n.表演)→performer (n.表演者) 6.congratulation→congratulate (v.祝贺) 7.attend→attendance (n.出席) 8.pleasure→pleasant (adj.令人愉快的)→pleasantly (adv.愉快地) 9.appearance→appear (v.出现)→apparent (adj.出现的)→disappear (v.消失，反义词) 10.personality→personal (adj.个人的)→personally (adv.亲自地) 11.serious→seriously  (adv.严肃地)→seriousness (n.严肃) 12.rainfall→rain (v.下雨)→rainy (adj.下雨的) 13.interest→interesting (adj.有趣的，修饰物)→interested (adj.感兴趣的，修饰人) 14.difference→different (adj.不同的)→differently (adv.不同地) 15.sense→sensible (adj.明智的) →sensitive (adj.敏感的) 16.humour→humorous(adj.幽默的)→humorously (adv.幽默地) 17.less→little (adj.小的；少的，原级)→least (adj.最少的，最高级)→more(adj.更多的，反义词) 18.honest→honesty (n.诚实) →honestly (adv.诚实地)→dishonest (adj.不诚实的，反义词) 19.direct→directly (adv.直接地)→direction (n.方向)→director (n.导演) 20.similarity→similar (adj.相似的)→ similarly  (adv.相似地) 21.friendship→friend  (n.朋友)→friendly (adj.友好的) 三．课文填空 1b 阅读帖子并完成填空：阅读 Matt 和 Diana 关于朋友的帖子，然后完成下面的填空。 Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think? Should friends be similar or different? Tom: I think a good friend is like a mirror. You can understand people by 1 (know) their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. For example, we both love sports. He 2 (play) badminton better than I do. so he always 3 (win) our matches. Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. Stephen and I 4 (be) similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren't playing sports, we enjoy 5 (read) together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels. We often share interesting books with each other. Matt: I agree with Tom. A good friend can reflect your own 6 (person). I like reading novels, and Stephen 7 (introduce) me to many great novels. He also helps me 8 (become) more confident. When I'm not sure if I can do something, he always encourages me. Diana: I don't agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense of humour too. Thanks to her, I 9 (become) more outgoing. Now I think meeting new people is really fun! I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid 10 (give) his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend. 1-10：knowing, plays, wins, are, reading, personality, introduces, (to) become, am becoming, to give 3a 阅读帖子并完成填空：阅读 Rose 关于朋友的帖子，然后完成下面的填空。 I don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me. I have two amazing friends. Lily is funnier than anyone else I know. When I feel sad or have a problem, she 1 (make) me laugh and feel better. She helps me see the silver lining in difficult situations. My other friend, Lucy, is not as funny as Lily. Lucy is quieter, but she listens 2 (good) than others. Lucy and I talk about everything. I know she cares about me because she's always there 3 (listen). My favourite saying is, "A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart." Both Lily and Lucy are true friends. We are always ready 4 (help) each other by lending a hand. I remember once I 5 (fail) an exam and felt really bad. Lily 6 (tell) me jokes and made me forget my worries. Lucy listened to me7 (complain) about my problems and gave me some good advice. They 8 (be) always there for me. I think it's not important whether friends are similar or different. What 9 (matter) most is that they are kind and 10 (care) about you. 1-10：makes, better, to listen, to help, failed, told, complain, are, matters, care 四．重点短语 1.more outgoing更外向 2.as...as...和……一样…… 3.be different from与……不同 4.be similar to与……相似 5.work harder更努力 6.get up earlier起得更早 7.play better做得更好 8.have...in common有共同点 9.care about关心 10.a sense of humour幽默感 11.as tall as和……一样高 12.not as smart as不如……聪明 13.help others more更乐于助人 14.get better grades取得更好的成绩 15.have more hobbies有更多爱好 16.dance more beautifully跳得更优美 17.run a little slower跑得稍慢一点 18.be more patient更有耐心 五．重点句子 1.谁跳得更好,埃拉还是艾玛？Who dances better, Ella or Emma? 2.祝贺你在学校音乐节上获奖！Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival ! 3.我和她一样努力学习！I work as hard as her! 4.你们俩是如何度过业余时间的？How do you both spend your spare time? 5.你们有什么共同点？What do you have in common? 6.你们有什么不同？How are you different from each other? 7.芝加哥(Chicago)七月比广州凉爽。Chicago is cooler than Guangzhou in July. 8.有些人认为朋友应该相似,但也有些人认为朋友应该有所不同。 Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. 9.朋友应该是相似的还是不同的呢？Should friends be similar or different? 10.他打羽毛球比我打得好,所以在我们的比赛中他总是获胜。 He plays badminton better than I do,so he always wins our matches. 11.多亏了她,我变得更加外向了。Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 12.他们意外地交换了彼此的生活。They exchanged their lives by accident 13.我真的不在乎我的朋友和我是相似还是不同。 14.don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me. 15.真正的朋友会向你伸出援手,触动你的心灵。 A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 16.我们总是乐于通过伸出援手来互相帮助。 We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand. 6、 重点语法 形容词和副词比较级 一、定义：形容词和副词的比较级是英语语法中用于比较两个人或事物之间性质、特征或动作 程度 差异的一种形式。 通过比较级，我们能够清晰地表达出一方在某方面比另一方更具某种特质或程度更高。 在 “Emma is taller than Ella.” 这句话中，“taller” 就是 “tall” 的比较级，用于表明Emma 在身高方面比 Ella 更具优势，即 Emma 比 Ella 高。这体现了比较级在描述两者 差异时的作用，让信息传达更加准确和具体。 二、形容词、副词比较级的构成： 变化规则 例词 一般情况下在词尾加-er tall→taller long→longer 以e结尾的形容词或副词,在词尾加-r late→later large→larger 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节形容词或副词,要变"y"为"i"再加-er heavy→heavier easy→easier 重读闭音节的形容词或副词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er big→bigger thin→thinner 多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词,应在单词前加more slowly→more slowly interesting→more interesting 有些形容词或副词 good→better 三．不规则变化 good好的 better更好的 best最好的 well好；(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地； worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地； ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) more更多的；更 most最多的；最 much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的（few规则变化） less更少的 least最少的 far远的；远地 farther更远的；更远地 farthest最远的；最远地 further进一步的(地) furthest最深刻的(地) old老的 older更老的 oldest最老的 elder更老的 eldest最老的 四、形容词、副词比较级的用法： （一）两者之间的比较：比较级最常见的用法就是用于比较两个人或事物在某方面的差异， 基本结构为 “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B”。 在描述身高差异时，“Emma is taller than Ella.”（Emma 比 Ella 高。） 描述学习努力程度时，“Chen Jie works harder than Peter.”（陈杰比彼得学习 更努力。） 描述动作表现时，“Ella dances better than Emma.”（艾拉跳舞比艾玛好。） （二）两者之间选择：which/who is+比较级，A or B? Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球? Which is better, the red dress or the black dress?那条裙子更好，红色的还是黑色的? （三） 两者之间较：the+比较级 He is the thinner of the two.他是两人中较瘦的那个 （四）越来越…比较级+and+比较级：多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级 The weather is becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。 She is becoming more and more beautiful.她变得越来越美了。 （五）越…越… ：the+比较级，the+比较级 The more careful you are, the more points you will get.你越细心，得分越多。 The more you read, the more you know.你书读得越多，你就知道越多。 （六）修饰比较级：为了更准确地表达比较的程度，可以用一些词或短语来修饰比较级。常见的有 “much”（ …… 得多） 、“a little”（一点儿） 、“even”（甚至） 、“far”（远，…… 得多）等 “My father is much busier than my mother.”（我爸爸比我妈妈忙得多。） ； “I am a little shorter than my sister.”（我比我妹妹矮一点儿。） “It's even colder today than yesterday.”（今天比昨天甚至更冷。） 五、同级比较：表示两者在某方面程度相同时，使用 “as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” 结构， 意为 “和…… 一样” ； “Julie is as slim as me.”（朱莉和我一样苗条。） 其否定形式 “not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” ，表示 “不如……” 。 “I am not as serious as my cousin.”（我没有我表哥那么严肃。） 7、 写作 每个人都是这个世界上独一无二的存在。假如你是李海，你们学校要举行一次以“My Good Friend”为题的英语征文大赛。请你根据下表提示和要求写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你和你的好朋友张涵有哪些相似和不同之处吧！ 提示： 不同点 相似点 Zhang Han 1.比我高得多，更外向； 2.更擅长唱歌和跳舞； 3.喜欢看电影。 1.留着黑色短发； 2.喜欢运动； 3.学习努力，各门功课都很好； 4.喜欢阅读，通常周末一起去图书馆； …… Li Hai 1.喜欢上网； 2.喜欢旅游。 要求： 1.语句通顺，条理清晰； 2.不少于100词。 【范文赏读】 My Good Friend Zhang Han is my good friends. We are similar in some ways. We both have short black hair and both of us like sports. We are both hard-working and do well in all subjects. We both like reading and we usually go to the library together on weekends.We often share something interesting with each other. But in other ways we are different. Zhang Han is much taller and more outgoing than me. He is better at singing and dancing. He likes going to the movies while I like surfing the internet and travelling. I’m so glad to have such a good friend and I hope our friendship will last forever. Unit4 一．重点单词 1.folding adj.折叠式的,可折叠的 2.bamboo n.竹,竹子 3. popular adj.广受欢迎的,流行的 4.tool n.工具,手段 5.actually adv.实际上,居然 6.shoot n.幼苗,嫩芽，v.开(枪),射击 7.appear v.出现,看来好像 8.land n.陆地,土地, v.降落,着陆 9.African adj非洲的,非洲人的;n.非洲人 10.rose n.玫瑰,蔷薇 11.butterfly n.蝴蝶 12.wing n.翅膀,翼 13.frog n.蛙,青蛙 14.weigh v.有…重,称重量 15.believe v.相信,认为有可能 16.connect v.关联,连接 17.connected adj.连接的,相关的 18.without prep.没有;缺乏 19.imagine v.想象,猜想 20.honey n.蜂蜜;(爱称)亲爱的 21.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 22.connection n.联系,连接 23.action n.行动;行为 24.store v.贮存,存储n.百货商店,商店 25.communicate v.交流,沟通 26.protect v.保护,防护 27.importance n.重要性 28.title n.标题,题目,名称 29.human n.人adj.人的,人类的 30.happiness n.幸福,快乐 31.disappoint v.使失望,使破灭 32.role n.作用;职能,角色 33.climate n.气候 34.ocean雪n.大海,海洋 35.except prep.除…之外,除了 36.lively adj.精力充沛的,生机勃勃的 二．词汇拓展 1.folding→fold (v.折叠) →folded (adj.折叠好的) 2.popular→popularity (n.流行)→unpopular (adj.不受欢迎的) 3.actually→actual (adj.实际的) 4.appear→appearance (n.外貌)→disappear (v.消失) 5.African→Africa (n.非洲)→Africans (n.非洲人复数) 6.butterfly→butterflies (n.蝴蝶复数) 7.weigh→weight  (n.重量) 8.connect→connection (n.连接)→connected (adj.连接的) 9.without→with (prep.有；和……一起，反义词) 10.imagine→imagination (n.想象力)→imaginary (adj.想象出来的) 11.disappointed→disappointing (adj.令人失望的)→disappoint (v.使失望) 12.action→act (v.行动)→active (adj.积极的)→actively (adv.积极地) 13.communicate→communication (n.交流) →communicative (adj.健谈的) 14.protect→protection (n.保护) 15.importance→important (adj.重要的)→importantly (adv.重要地) 16.happiness→happy(adj.幸福的)→happier (adj.更幸福的)→happiest(adj.最幸福的)→happily (adv.幸福地) 17.lively→live (v.居住)→living(adj.活的) 三．课文填空 1b 阅读文章并完成填空：阅读关于蜜蜂的文章，然后完成下面的填空。 We Can't Live Without Bees Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other 1 (live), and bees are one of the best examples of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination. On one trip, they often visit 50 2 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower to another, they take pollen with them. This action helps plants 3 (grow). In fact, without their work, about 80 per cent of the plants in the world cannot grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the 4 (important) animals on this planet. Bees are also one of the 5 (interesting) animals in the world. For example, they work hard together 6 (make)their homes. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it 7 (use) a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet. However, the number of bees 8 (drop), and scientists are worried. They need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do 9 (protect) one of the most amazing animals on earth. It's time for us to take action. If we don't, we may 10 (lose) these important friends and face a difficult future. 1-10：to live, to, (to) grow, most important, most interesting, to make, uses, is dropping, to protect, lose 3a 阅读文章并完成填空：阅读关于蓝鲸的文章，然后完成下面的填空。 The Blue Whale The blue whale is the 1 (large) and 2 (heavy) animal on earth. It can weigh as much as 200 tons. Many people like watching blue whales swim, and they think it is one of the 3 (beautiful) things to see. Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They eat a lot, but they eat some of the 4 (tiny) animals in the ocean. A blue whale can eat around four tons of these a day. Blue whales can live up to 90 years. When a blue whale 5 (die) at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea. This food lasts for over a year and it helps 6 (create) a lively and healthy ecosystem. Blue whales play an important role in our world, so we must protect them. 7 (luck), the number of blue whales is increasing slowly because of some effective protection measures. We should keep 8 (work) hard to make sure they can live safely. If we continue 9 (pollute) the oceans, their living environment will be in danger. Let's do what we can 10 (save) these amazing animals. 1-10：largest, heaviest, most beautiful, tiniest, dies, (to) create, Luckily, working, to pollute, to save 四．重点短语 1.the largest animal最大的动物 2.the most useful plant最有用的植物 3.play a part in参与；在…中起作用 4.be home to是……的栖息地 5.take a walk散步 6.a symbol of goodness美德的象征 7.thousands of成千上万的 8.live in forests生活在森林里 9.depend on water依赖水 10.protect wild animals保护野生动物 11.in the deep sea在深海里 12.on high mountains在高山上 13.lose leaves落叶 14.feed on fish以鱼为食 15.in the desert在沙漠里 16.save energy节省能量 17.grow in deserts生长在沙漠 18.live in groups群居 19.have sharp teeth有锋利的牙齿 五．重点句子 1.蓝鲸有什么惊人之处呢？What's amazing about the blue whale? 2.它是世界上最大的动物。It's the largest/biggest animal in the world. 3.竹子是中国绘画中最受欢迎的主题之一Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings. 4.有些竹子一天之内几乎能长一米。Some bamboo can grow almost one metre in one day. 5.人们可以用它来建造房屋、制作工具和器具。 People can use it to build houses and make tools and instruments. 6.我认为世界上最有用的植物是竹子。I think the most useful plant in the world is bamboo. 1.它的体重可达200吨。It can weigh as much as 200 tons. 2.它们食量很大,但它们吃的却是海洋中一些极其微小的动物。 They eat a lot, but they eat some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. 3.蓝鲸可以活到90岁。Blue whales can live up to 90 years. 4.当一头蓝鲸在海洋中死去,它就会成为生活在海洋中及海洋周边多种动物的食物。 When a blue whale dies at sea,it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea. 6、 重点语法 形容词和副词最高级 一、定义：形容词和副词的最高级用于比较三个或三个以上的人或事物，表明在某方面 “最… …” 的性质、特征或动作程度。通过最高级，我们能够明确指出在多个对象中处于最突出 地位的那一个，使信息表达更加精确和具体 。 比如，“The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.”（蓝鲸是世界上最大且最重的动物。）这句话中，“the largest” （最大的）和 “the heaviest”（最重的）就是最高级形式，清晰地表明了蓝鲸在动物中体型方 面的最突出特点。 二、形容词、副词最高级的构成： 　　最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。句中常含有表示范围的in/of的短语。形容词的最高级前一定要加定冠词the,副词的最高级前的定冠词可加可不加。 一． 最高级的变化规则 变化规则 例词 一般情况下在词尾加-est tall→tallest long→longest 以e结尾的形容词或副词,在词尾加-st late→latest large→largest 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节形容词或副词,要把"y"变"i",再加-est heavy→heaviest easy→easiest 重读闭音节的形容词或副词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-est big→biggest thin→thinnest 多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词,应在单词前加most slowly→most slowly interesting→most interesting 有些形容词或副词最高级的变化不规则 good→best many→most 三．不规则变化 good好的 better更好的 best最好的 well好；(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地； worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地； ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) more更多的；更 most最多的；最 much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的（few规则变化） less更少的 least最少的 far远的；远地 farther更远的；更远地 farthest最远的；最远地 further进一步的(地) furthest最深刻的(地) old老的 older更老的 oldest最老的 elder更老的 eldest最老的 四． 最高级的句式结构 (1)"主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。 The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 (2)"主语+实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。 Lin Feng jumps (the) highest in our school. 林峰是我们学校跳得最高的。 (3)"主语+be动词+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……之一"。 China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。 (4)"主语+be动词+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语"表示"在……中是第几……的……"。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 (5)"疑问词+be动词+the+形容词最高级,A、B or C?"用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较。 Who is the cleverest, Zhang Hua, Liu Shuang or Chen Fei?张华、刘爽和陈飞,谁最聪明? (6)"疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+the)+副词最高级,A、B or C?" Which city do you like best, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?你最喜欢哪个城市,北京、上海还是广州? 7、 写作 假如你是李华，来自成都。你校正在进行“动物周”活动，请你根据下表提示，写一篇英语演讲稿，向同学们介绍大熊猫，让更多的人了解大熊猫、保护大熊猫。 外形 黑白相间 特点 可爱、强壮，爱吃竹子 栖息地 中国四川、陕西等地 濒危原因 内因：幼崽不易存活 外因：人类破坏其生存环境 保护措施 停止砍伐树木、建立自然保护区 现状 数量增长，现在野外约1 900只 要求：1.包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥； 2. 不少于80词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：bamboo竹子；reserve（自然）保护区 【范文赏读】 Pandas Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua, a student from Chengdu. I will give a report about pandas.  Pandas are my favourite animal. They are black and white. They like climbing trees and eating bamboo. They are cute and strong. They mainly live in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces. Some people cut down forests and pandas lost their homes. Besides, pandas have few babies. As a result, they were in danger.  To protect pandas, China has built many nature reserves. People stop cutting down trees and try their best to protect pandas. The number of pandas begins to grow. Now there are about 1,900 pandas in the wild. How amazing! Pandas are important to nature. It is important for us to protect them.  Thanks for listening. $ 专题02 Unit3-4 知识清单 Unit3 一．重点单词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. v.比较,对比 2. adj.害羞的 3. adj.懒惰的,懒洋洋的 4. adv.响亮地adj.大声的 5. adj.外向的 6. adj.勤奋的 7. v.表演,执行 8. adj.&adv.独自,单独 9. .解决,解答 10. n.奖,奖励 11. v.参加,出席 12. prep.除…之外(还)adv.而且 13. adj.空闲的,备用的 v.抽出,拨出 14. n.乐事,愉快,荣幸 15. n.外表,露面 16. n.性格,品质 17. adj.严肃的,严重的 18. n.优势,力量 19. adj.苗条的,薄的 20. n.事实,现实 21. adj.平均的,平常的n.平均数,平均水准 22. n.人口 23. adj.宜人的,友好的 24. adj.相像的adv.相似地 25. n.业余爱好,兴趣 v.使感兴趣 26. n.小说 27. n. 差异 28. n.理解力,感觉 (=humor) n.幽默,幽默感 30. v.触动,触碰 31. n.看法,意见 32. adj.坦诚的,诚实的 33. adj率直的,直接的 34. n.相似之处 35. n.友谊,友情 36. n.人物,个性 37. v.&n.交换 38. n.意外,(交通)事故 39. v.预料,期待 40. n.情况,状况 41. v.伸手,达到 42. adj.较少的,更少的,adv.较少地,更少地pron.较少,更少 二．词汇拓展 1.compare→ (n.比较)→ (adj.比较的)→ (adj.比较的；对照的) 2.shy→ (n.羞怯)→ (adv.羞怯地)→ (adj.外向的，反义词) 3.lazy→ (n.懒惰)→ (adv.懒洋洋地) 4.loud→ (adv.大声地)→ (adj.安静的，反义词) 5.perform→ (n.表演)→ (n.表演者) 6.congratulation→ (v.祝贺) 7.attend→ (n.出席) 8.pleasure→ (adj.令人愉快的)→ (adv.愉快地) 9.appearance→ (v.出现)→ (adj.出现的)→ (v.消失，反义词) 10.personality→ (adj.个人的)→ (adv.亲自地) 11.serious→ (adv.严肃地)→ (n.严肃) 12.rainfall→ (v.下雨)→ (adj.下雨的) 13.interest→ (adj.有趣的，修饰物)→ (adj.感兴趣的，修饰人) 14.difference→ (adj.不同的)→ (adv.不同地) 15.sense→ (adj.明智的) → (adj.敏感的) 16.humour→ (adj.幽默的)→ (adv.幽默地) 17.less→ (adj.小的；少的，原级)→ (adj.最少的，最高级)→ (adj.更多的，反义词) 18.honest→ (n.诚实) → (adv.诚实地)→ (adj.不诚实的，反义词) 19.direct→ (adv.直接地)→ (n.方向)→ (n.导演) 20.similarity→ (adj.相似的)→  (adv.相似地) 21.friendship→ (n.朋友)→ (adj.友好的) 三．课文填空 1b 阅读帖子并完成填空：阅读 Matt 和 Diana 关于朋友的帖子，然后完成下面的填空。 Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think? Should friends be similar or different? Tom: I think a good friend is like a mirror. You can understand people by 1 (know) their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. For example, we both love sports. He 2 (play) badminton better than I do. so he always 3 (win) our matches. Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. Stephen and I 4 (be) similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren't playing sports, we enjoy 5 (read) together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels. We often share interesting books with each other. Matt: I agree with Tom. A good friend can reflect your own 6 (person). I like reading novels, and Stephen 7 (introduce) me to many great novels. He also helps me 8 (become) more confident. When I'm not sure if I can do something, he always encourages me. Diana: I don't agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense of humour too. Thanks to her, I 9 (become) more outgoing. Now I think meeting new people is really fun! I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid 10 (give) his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend. 3a 阅读帖子并完成填空：阅读 Rose 关于朋友的帖子，然后完成下面的填空。 I don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me. I have two amazing friends. Lily is funnier than anyone else I know. When I feel sad or have a problem, she 1 (make) me laugh and feel better. She helps me see the silver lining in difficult situations. My other friend, Lucy, is not as funny as Lily. Lucy is quieter, but she listens 2 (good) than others. Lucy and I talk about everything. I know she cares about me because she's always there 3 (listen). My favourite saying is, "A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart." Both Lily and Lucy are true friends. We are always ready 4 (help) each other by lending a hand. I remember once I 5 (fail) an exam and felt really bad. Lily 6 (tell) me jokes and made me forget my worries. Lucy listened to me7 (complain) about my problems and gave me some good advice. They 8 (be) always there for me. I think it's not important whether friends are similar or different. What 9 (matter) most is that they are kind and 10 (care) about you. 四．重点短语 1.more 更外向 2.as... ...和……一样…… 3.be from与……不同 4.be to与……相似 5.work 更努力 6.get earlier起得更早 7.play 做得更好 8.have...in 有共同点 9. about关心 10.a of humour幽默感 11.as as和……一样高 12. as smart as不如……聪明 13.help more更乐于助人 14.get better 取得更好的成绩 15.have more 有更多爱好 16.dance more 跳得更优美 17. a little slower跑得稍慢一点 18.be more 更有耐心 五．重点句子 1.谁跳得更好,埃拉还是艾玛？Who dances , Ella or Emma? 2.祝贺你在学校音乐节上获奖！Congratulations on the prize at the school music ! 3.我和她一样努力学习！I work her! 4.你们俩是如何度过业余时间的？How do you both your time? 5.你们有什么共同点？What do you have ? 6.你们有什么不同？How are you from each ? 7.芝加哥(Chicago)七月比广州凉爽。Chicago is than Guangzhou July. 8.有些人认为朋友应该相似,但也有些人认为朋友应该有所不同。 Some people think that friends should be , but some other people that friends should be . 9.朋友应该是相似的还是不同的呢？Should friends ? 10.他打羽毛球比我打得好,所以在我们的比赛中他总是获胜。 He badminton better than I do,so he always our matches. 11.多亏了她,我变得更加外向了。 to her, I am more . 12.他们意外地交换了彼此的生活。They their lives by 13.我真的不在乎我的朋友和我是相似还是不同。 14.don't really if my friends are to or different from me. 15.真正的朋友会向你伸出援手,触动你的心灵。 A true friend for your hand and your heart. 16.我们总是乐于通过伸出援手来互相帮助。 We are always to help each other by a hand. 6、 重点语法 形容词和副词比较级 一、定义：形容词和副词的比较级是英语语法中用于比较两个人或事物之间性质、特征或动作 程度 差异的一种形式。 通过比较级，我们能够清晰地表达出一方在某方面比另一方更具某种特质或程度更高。 在 “Emma is taller than Ella.” 这句话中，“taller” 就是 “tall” 的比较级，用于表明Emma 在身高方面比 Ella 更具优势，即 Emma 比 Ella 高。这体现了比较级在描述两者 差异时的作用，让信息传达更加准确和具体。 二、形容词、副词比较级的构成： 变化规则 例词 一般情况下在词尾加 tall→taller long→longer 以e结尾的形容词或副词,在词尾加 late→later large→larger 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节形容词或副词, heavy→heavier easy→easier 重读闭音节的形容词或副词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时, big→bigger thin→thinner 多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词,应在单词前加 slowly→more slowly interesting→more interesting 有些形容词或副词 good→ 三．不规则变化 good好的 well好；(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的（few规则变化） far远的；远地 old老的 四、形容词、副词比较级的用法： （一）两者之间的比较：比较级最常见的用法就是用于比较两个人或事物在某方面的差异， 基本结构为 “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B”。 在描述身高差异时，“Emma is than Ella.”（Emma 比 Ella 高。） 描述学习努力程度时，“Chen Jie works than Peter.”（陈杰比彼得学习 更努力。） 描述动作表现时，“Ella dances than Emma.”（艾拉跳舞比艾玛好。） （二）两者之间选择：which/who is+比较级，A or B? Which is to the sun, the moon or the earth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球? Which is , the red dress or the black dress?那条裙子更好，红色的还是黑色的? （三） 两者之间较：the+比较级 He is the of the two.他是两人中较瘦的那个 （四）越来越…比较级+and+比较级：多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级 The weather is becoming and .天气变得越来越冷了。 She is becoming beautiful.她变得越来越美了。 （五）越…越… ：the+比较级，the+比较级 careful you are, points you will get.你越细心，得分越多。 you read, you know.你书读得越多，你就知道越多。 （六）修饰比较级：为了更准确地表达比较的程度，可以用一些词或短语来修饰比较级。常见的有 “much”（ …… 得多） 、“a little”（一点儿） 、“even”（甚至） 、“far”（远，…… 得多）等 “My father is much than my mother.”（我爸爸比我妈妈忙得多。） ； “I am a little than my sister.”（我比我妹妹矮一点儿。） “It's even today than yesterday.”（今天比昨天甚至更冷。） 五、同级比较：表示两者在某方面程度相同时，使用 “as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” 结构， 意为 “和…… 一样” ； “Julie is me.”（朱莉和我一样苗条。） 其否定形式 “not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as” ，表示 “不如……” 。 “I am not my cousin.”（我没有我表哥那么严肃。） 7、 写作 每个人都是这个世界上独一无二的存在。假如你是李海，你们学校要举行一次以“My Good Friend”为题的英语征文大赛。请你根据下表提示和要求写一篇英语短文，介绍一下你和你的好朋友张涵有哪些相似和不同之处吧！ 提示： 不同点 相似点 Zhang Han 1.比我高得多，更外向； 2.更擅长唱歌和跳舞； 3.喜欢看电影。 1.留着黑色短发； 2.喜欢运动； 3.学习努力，各门功课都很好； 4.喜欢阅读，通常周末一起去图书馆； …… Li Hai 1.喜欢上网； 2.喜欢旅游。 要求： 1.语句通顺，条理清晰； 2.不少于100词。 【范文赏读】 My Good Friend Unit4 一．重点单词 1. adj.折叠式的,可折叠的 2. n.竹,竹子 3. adj.广受欢迎的,流行的 4. n.工具,手段 5. adv.实际上,居然 6. n.幼苗,嫩芽，v.开(枪),射击 7. v.出现,看来好像 8. n.陆地,土地, v.降落,着陆 9. adj非洲的,非洲人的;n.非洲人 10. n.玫瑰,蔷薇 11. n.蝴蝶 12. n.翅膀,翼 13. n.蛙,青蛙 14. v.有…重,称重量 15. v.相信,认为有可能 16. v.关联,连接 17. adj.连接的,相关的 18. prep.没有;缺乏 19. v.想象,猜想 20. n.蜂蜜;(爱称)亲爱的 21. adj.失望的;沮丧的 22. n.联系,连接 23. n.行动;行为 24. v.贮存,存储n.百货商店,商店 25. v.交流,沟通 26. v.保护,防护 27. n.重要性 28. n.标题,题目,名称 29. n.人adj.人的,人类的 30. n.幸福,快乐 31. v.使失望,使破灭 32. n.作用;职能,角色 33. n.气候 34. 雪n.大海,海洋 35. prep.除…之外,除了 36. adj.精力充沛的,生机勃勃的 二．词汇拓展 1.folding→ (v.折叠) → (adj.折叠好的) 2.popular→ (n.流行)→ (adj.不受欢迎的) 3.actually→ (adj.实际的) 4.appear→ (n.外貌)→ (v.消失) 5.African→ (n.非洲)→ (n.非洲人复数) 6.butterfly→ (n.蝴蝶复数) 7.weigh→ (n.重量) 8.connect→ (n.连接)→ (adj.连接的) 9.without→ (prep.有；和……一起，反义词) 10.imagine→ (n.想象力)→ (adj.想象出来的) 11.disappointed→ (adj.令人失望的)→ (v.使失望) 12.action→ (v.行动)→ (adj.积极的)→ (adv.积极地) 13.communicate→ (n.交流) → (adj.健谈的) 14.protect→ (n.保护) 15.importance→ (adj.重要的)→ (adv.重要地) 16.happiness→ (adj.幸福的)→ (adj.更幸福的)→ (adj.最幸福的) → (adv.幸福地) 17.lively→ (v.居住)→ (adj.活的) 三．课文填空 1b 阅读文章并完成填空：阅读关于蜜蜂的文章，然后完成下面的填空。 We Can't Live Without Bees Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other 1 (live), and bees are one of the best examples of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination. On one trip, they often visit 50 2 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower to another, they take pollen with them. This action helps plants 3 (grow). In fact, without their work, about 80 per cent of the plants in the world cannot grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the 4 (important) animals on this planet. Bees are also one of the 5 (interesting) animals in the world. For example, they work hard together 6 (make)their homes. In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it 7 (use) a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet. However, the number of bees 8 (drop), and scientists are worried. They need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do 9 (protect) one of the most amazing animals on earth. It's time for us to take action. If we don't, we may 10 (lose) these important friends and face a difficult future. 3a 阅读文章并完成填空：阅读关于蓝鲸的文章，然后完成下面的填空。 The Blue Whale The blue whale is the 1 (large) and 2 (heavy) animal on earth. It can weigh as much as 200 tons. Many people like watching blue whales swim, and they think it is one of the 3 (beautiful) things to see. Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They eat a lot, but they eat some of the 4 (tiny) animals in the ocean. A blue whale can eat around four tons of these a day. Blue whales can live up to 90 years. When a blue whale 5 (die) at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea. This food lasts for over a year and it helps 6 (create) a lively and healthy ecosystem. Blue whales play an important role in our world, so we must protect them. 7 (luck), the number of blue whales is increasing slowly because of some effective protection measures. We should keep 8 (work) hard to make sure they can live safely. If we continue 9 (pollute) the oceans, their living environment will be in danger. Let's do what we can 10 (save) these amazing animals. 四．重点短语 1.the animal最大的动物 2.the useful plant最有用的植物 3.play a in参与；在…中起作用 4.be to是……的栖息地 5. a walk散步 6.a of goodness美德的象征 7. of成千上万的 8.live in 生活在森林里 9. on water依赖水 10. wild animals保护野生动物 11.in the sea在深海里 12.on mountains在高山上 13.lose 落叶 14. on fish以鱼为食 15.in the 在沙漠里 16.save 节省能量 17. in deserts生长在沙漠 18.live in 群居 19.have teeth有锋利的牙齿 五．重点句子 1.蓝鲸有什么惊人之处呢？What's the blue whale? 2.它是世界上最大的动物。It's the animal in the world. 3.竹子是中国绘画中最受欢迎的主题之一Bamboo is one of in Chinese paintings. 4.有些竹子一天之内几乎能长一米。Some can grow almost one metre one day. 5.人们可以用它来建造房屋、制作工具和器具。 People can it to build houses and and instruments. 6.我认为世界上最有用的植物是竹子。I think in the world is bamboo. 1.它的体重可达200吨。It can 200 tons. 2.它们食量很大,但它们吃的却是海洋中一些极其微小的动物。 They eat a lot, but they some of the animals in the ocean. 3.蓝鲸可以活到90岁。Blue whales can 90 years. 4.当一头蓝鲸在海洋中死去,它就会成为生活在海洋中及海洋周边多种动物的食物。 When a blue whale at sea,it becomes food for many kinds of animals in and around the sea. 6、 重点语法 形容词和副词最高级 一、定义：形容词和副词的最高级用于比较三个或三个以上的人或事物，表明在某方面 “最… …” 的性质、特征或动作程度。通过最高级，我们能够明确指出在多个对象中处于最突出 地位的那一个，使信息表达更加精确和具体 。 比如，“The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world.”（蓝鲸是世界上最大且最重的动物。）这句话中，“the largest” （最大的）和 “the heaviest”（最重的）就是最高级形式，清晰地表明了蓝鲸在动物中体型方 面的最突出特点。 二、形容词、副词最高级的构成： 　　最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。句中常含有表示范围的in/of的短语。形容词的最高级前一定要加定冠词the,副词的最高级前的定冠词可加可不加。 一． 最高级的变化规则 变化规则 例词 一般情况下在词尾加 tall→tallest long→longest 以e结尾的形容词或副词,在词尾加 late→latest large→largest 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节形容词或副词, heavy→heaviest easy→easiest 重读闭音节的形容词或副词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时, big→biggest thin→thinnest 多音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词,应在单词前加 slowly→most slowly interesting→most interesting 有些形容词或副词最高级的变化不规则 good→ many→ 三．不规则变化 good好的 well好；(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的（few规则变化） far远的；远地 old老的 四． 最高级的句式结构 (1)"主语+be动词+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。 The Yangtze River is the river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 (2)"主语+实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。 Lin Feng jumps (the) in our school. 林峰是我们学校跳得最高的。 (3)"主语+be动词+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……之一"。 China is one of the in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。 (4)"主语+be动词+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语"表示"在……中是第几……的……"。 The Yellow River is the second river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 (5)"疑问词+be动词+the+形容词最高级,A、B or C?"用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较。 Who is the , Zhang Hua, Liu Shuang or Chen Fei?张华、刘爽和陈飞,谁最聪明? (6)"疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+the)+副词最高级,A、B or C?" Which city do you like , Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?你最喜欢哪个城市,北京、上海还是广州? 7、 写作 假如你是李华，来自成都。你校正在进行“动物周”活动，请你根据下表提示，写一篇英语演讲稿，向同学们介绍大熊猫，让更多的人了解大熊猫、保护大熊猫。 外形 黑白相间 特点 可爱、强壮，爱吃竹子 栖息地 中国四川、陕西等地 濒危原因 内因：幼崽不易存活 外因：人类破坏其生存环境 保护措施 停止砍伐树木、建立自然保护区 现状 数量增长，现在野外约1 900只 要求：1.包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥； 2. 不少于80词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：bamboo竹子；reserve（自然）保护区 【范文赏读】 Pandas $