考前押题06 概要写作进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练）高二英语上学期沪教版

考前押题06 概要写作进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练） 一、人与自我 1 二、人与社会 11 三、人与自然 21 一、人与自我 Passage 1 1．(24-25高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情绪性进食是人们用食物应对情绪而非满足饥饿的行为，频繁为之会影响健康，还说明了其与正负情绪、日常压力的关联及形成的习得性模式，指出认识这种行为并区分生理与情绪饥饿有助于改变。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Emotional eating, which is using food to deal with feelings instead of hunger, can be harmful to health when done frequently unconsciously. ②It is caused by not only negative feelings but also positive ones, and more often by daily stresses, sometimes major life events. ③Emotional eating patterns are learned and hard to unlearn, but possible with awareness. ④Distinguishing physical hunger from emotional hunger helps address its troublesome results. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明情绪性进食的定义及危害；将第②点作为其产生的原因（正负情绪及日常压力等）；将第③、④点整合为改变这种行为的可能性及方法（了解原因、区分两种饥饿）。 3. 遣词造句 Emotional eating can be harmful to people’s fitness. Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life. We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause. To get rid of the troublesome results of emotional eating, we should learn to distinguish physical hunger from emotional hunger. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Generally, it’s produced by both negative and positive emotions, or even devastating blows, which, however, is mainly caused by numerous pressures in everyday life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] We easily slide into emotional eating patterns, but we can avoid it if we have an insight into the real cause.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） Passage 2 2．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Marketing Success of the Staley Cup Quencher In the world of drinkware, the Stanley Cup Quencher has emerged as a true success story, captivating consumers and dominating the market. This insulated tumbler has become a household name, with its popularity soaring across various demographics. The Stanley Cup Quencher’s success is not just a matter of luck; it is a testament to the power of effective product positioning. The company identified its target market as millennials and Gen Z consumers who value durability, style, and functionality in their drinkware. These consumers lead active lifestyles and are always on the go. Stanley recognized that this demographic was underserved in the drinkware market and saw an opportunity to fill that gap. To appeal to this target market, Stanley developed a unique selling proposition (USP) for the Cup Quencher. The USP focused on the product’s ability to keep drinks hot or cold for hours, its durable construction and its fashionable, modern design. By emphasizing these key features, Stakley positioned the Cup Quencher as the perfect companion for busy, active lifestyles. Stanley also differentiated the Cup Quencher from its competitors by focusing on the product’s versatility. While many insulated tumblers are marketed solely for keeping drinks hot or cold, Stanley positioned the Cup Quencher as a multi-purpose tool that could be used for everything from morning coffee to evening cocktails. This versatility appealed to consumers who value products that can serve multiple functions and adapt to their changing needs throughout the day. Finally, tapping into emotional appeal and lifestyle branding can be a powerful way to connect with your target audience. By associating your product with a particular set of values, aspirations, or experiences, you can create an emotional bond with consumers that goes beyond the product’s tangible benefits. Stanley’s marketing campaigns for the Cup Quencher portrayed it as a lifestyle accessory for adventurous, independent, and stylish consumers, which resonated with their target audience on an emotional level. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： The Stanley Cup (Quencher), a drinkware, has thrived/gone viral through product positioning. The company discovers the group of millennials and Gen Z and targets their selling strategy at them. The cup appeals to them with excellent temperature preservation, durable design, and versatility. Also, through establishing an emotional connection, the cup is marketed as a must-have for active, stylish individuals. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Stanley的一款保温杯通过精准的产品定位走红，并分析了其营销思路以及具体的营销策略。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In the world of drinkware, the Stanley Cup Quencher has emerged as a true success story, captivating consumers and dominating the market. ②The Stanley Cup Quencher’s success is not just a matter of luck; it is a testament to the power of effective product positioning. ③The company identified its target market as millennials and Gen Z consumers who value durability, style, and functionality in their drinkware. ④To appeal to this target market, Stanley developed a unique selling proposition (USP) for the Cup Quencher. ⑤The USP focused on the product’s ability to keep drinks hot or cold for hours, its durable construction and its fashionable, modern design. ⑥Stanley also differentiated the Cup Quencher from its competitors by focusing on the product’s versatility. ⑦Finally, tapping into emotional appeal and lifestyle branding can be a powerful way to connect with your target audience. ⑧Stanley’s marketing campaigns for the Cup Quencher portrayed it as a lifestyle accessory for adventurous, independent, and stylish consumers, which resonated with their target audience on an emotional level. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，说明主题现象；将第3、4两个要点进行重组，总体概括其营销思路；将第5、6两个要点进行整合，具体说明第一个营销策略；将第7、8两个要点进行重组，具体说明第二个营销策略。 3. 遣词造句 The Stanley Cup (Quencher), a drinkware, has been in vogue through product positioning. The company discovers the group of millennials and Gen Z and targets their selling tactic at them. The cup appeals to them with remarkable temperature preservation, durable design, and versatility. Also, through establishing an emotional connection, the cup is marketed as a must-have for energetic, stylish individuals. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The Stanley Cup (Quencher), a drinkware, has thrived/gone viral through product positioning. (名词a drinkware作同位语，简洁地点明Stanley Cup的产品属性) [高分句型2] Also, through establishing an emotional connection, the cup is marketed as a must-have for active, stylish individuals. (动名词短语establishing an emotional connection作宾语，简洁地指出营销手段) Passage 3 3．(24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Combating Cyberbullying: A Guide for Adults to Protect and Support Children If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, address the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. If you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied, I advise you to ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is addressed promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional distress and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage provides strategies for adults to tackle cyberbullying affecting children. It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes. In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively. 【导语】本文是说明文。文章旨在向成年人提供关于如何识别和应对儿童网络欺凌的指导，包括识别网络欺凌的迹象、如何与孩子沟通了解情况、记录证据、以及通过不同渠道（如学校、社交媒体平台、警方）进行报告和处理的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. ②If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. ③The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. ④Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. ⑤Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. ⑥If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. 2. 缜密构思 提出1、2句的主旨，将3、4、5、6句进行重组整合 3. 遣词造句 The passage provides strategies for adults to tackle cyberbullying affecting children. It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes. In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively. 【点睛】[高分句型1]It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes.(动名词作宾语) [高分句型2]In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively.(动名词作主语) Passage 4 4．(24-25高二上·上海位育中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of  mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述“脑饥饿”现象，即因大脑多巴胺信号受损导致身体难以感知饱腹感。其成因可能涉及遗传（多巴胺受体D4基因变异）与肥胖，但二者何为首要因素尚不清楚。减肥对改善脑饥饿效果有限，需综合治疗并注重饮食意识。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. ②Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. ③While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. ④It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The main focus of this article is the phenomenon of “brain hunger”, which occurs when the dopamine signaling in the brain is damaged, making it difficult for the body to perceive a sense of fullness. Its causes may involve genetics (mutations in the dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity, but it is unclear which of the two is the primary factor. Weight loss has limited effectiveness in improving brain hunger, and comprehensive treatment along with a focus on dietary awareness is required. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain.运用过去分词作状语的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. 运用现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型3]：It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and a combination of treatments for management.运用了名词的并列结构以及介词短语作状语的结构，表达高级。 Passage 5 5．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·月考)Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Read with Eyes or Ears Picture yourself sitting at home in a quiet reading nook, ignoring the world around you, absorbed in a tale. You read the blurb, instantly became intrigued and now you’re in the middle of an absolute page-turner. But, there’s a hot debate-physical books vs. books vs. audiobooks. Does the device you’re using to read affect your reaction to the book? Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain. There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social perception. So, whichever way you’re reading, there are definitely benefits. But, let’s look at the pros to reading with your eyes-that’s physical books and e-books. They can help to retain information better. This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which it likely will at some point or other. On the other hand, there’s the audiobook. Headphones in, you’re switched off from life and the story really comes alive, almost like watching a film-in your head. From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a greater sense of empathy as you hear the emotion of the narrator. We can more easily understand inflection and intonation. Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, heightening the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more. All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks. Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format. It may just change your whole literary experience. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a heated debate between physical books and audiobooks. Both offer distinct advantages. Physical books allow for better information retention as you can see the words and easily go back. Audiobooks, on the other hand, develop empathy as you hear the emotion of the narrator. Consider different formats to enhance your literary experience. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在纸质书或电子书和有声书之间存在着激烈的争论。两者都有各自的优势。实体书可以更好地保留信息，因为你可以看到单词并很容易地返回。另一方面，当你听到叙述者的情感时，有声读物会培养同理心。考虑不同的格式来增强你的文学体验。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①But, there’s a hot debate-physical books vs. books vs. audiobooks. ②So, whichever way you’re reading, there are definitely benefits. ③They can help to retain information better. ④Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which it likely will at some point or other. ⑤From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a greater sense of empathy as you hear the emotion of the narrator. ⑥ Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format. It may just change your whole literary experience. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、5、6几个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 There is a heated debate between paper books and audio books. Both have their advantages. Physical books can retain information better because you can see the words and go back easily. Audiobooks, on the other hand, foster empathy when you hear the narrator’s emotions. Consider different formats to enhance your experience of literature. 【点睛】[高分句型1] There is a heated debate between physical books and audiobooks.(这句话运用了there be句型及过去分词作定语) [高分句型2] Physical books allow for better information retention as you can see the words and easily go back. (这句话运用了as引导的原因状语从句) 二、人与社会 Passage 1 1．(24-25高二上·上海长宁区·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America. Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app. What explains the return of the dumb phone? One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead. But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Non-smart phones are regaining popularity. Although smart phones are prevalent, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs. One factor is anxiety about smart phone impacts on young people’s mental health. The other factor is that plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。非智能手机正重新流行。尽管智能手机普及，但非智能手机需求在增长，不仅有复刻款，还有新创品牌。其回归原因包括对智能手机危害的担忧，以及年轻人和成年人都有选择非智能手机的情况。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback ②It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. ③But demand is growing. ④Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. ⑤One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. ⑥But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 2.缜密构思将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行重写。 3.遣词造句 Dumb phones are making a comeback Despite prevalence of smart phones, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs. One factor is anxiety about smart phone influences on young people’s mental health. The other reason is that many grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Although smart phones are prevalent, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs.(运用although引导的让步状语从句对第一段和第二段进行总结，表达高级) [高分句型2] The other factor is that plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will.(用that引导的表语从句对最后一段进行概括，表达高级) Passage 2 2．(23-24高二上·上海嘉定区·期末)Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Generative AI Is Changing Creative Work Large language and image AI models, sometimes called generative AI or foundation models, have created a new set of opportunities for businesses and professionals that perform content creation. Experts have maintained that AI has the potential to revolutionize creative work. To begin with, it has realized automated content generation. Generative AI uses complex machine learning models to interpret and manipulate pre-existing data, thus generating content, such as articles, blog posts, or social media posts automatically. This can be a valuable time-saving tool for businesses and professional who create content on a regular basis. AI-generated content is also very likely to be of higher quality than content created by humans due to the fact that AI models are able to learn from a large amount of data and identify patterns that humans may not be able to see. For instance, through automated fact-checking, namely, automatically comparing the information to trusted sources and databases, generative AI can help ensure that information presented in articles or social media posts is accurate and truthful. AI models can generate a variety of content types, including text, images, and video, which helps businesses and professionals to create more diverse and interesting content that appeals to a wider range of people. Generative AI can help them personalize the content and boost customer engagement, too. One application could be in creating personalized email marketing campaigns. Businesses can employ AI powered software to achieve subject line and email body personalization and address recipients by their name or organization, which helps businesses’ widely-distributed general email feel more personal. Overall, while there are still challenges to be addressed in the development and implementation of these technologies, the potential benefits of AI in improving creative work are numerous and far-reaching. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Generative AI models automate content creation, saving time for businesses. Because AI-generated content is often of higher quality, with automated fact-checking ensuring accuracy, it surpasses human-created content in many cases. These models produce diverse content types and personalize them, boosting customer engagement. Although there are challenges to overcome, AI undoubtedly offers numerous benefits for improving creative work. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生成式人工智能（Generative AI）如何改变创意工作，阐述了其自动化内容生成、提高内容质量、多样化内容类型以及个性化内容等方面的应用和优势，同时也提到了技术发展和实施中存在的挑战。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①To begin with, it has realized automated content generation. ②This can be a valuable time-saving tool for businesses and professional who create content on a regular basis. ③AI-generated content is also very likely to be of higher quality than content created by humans due to the fact that AI models are able to learn from a large amount of data and identify patterns that humans may not be able to see. ④AI models can generate a variety of content types, including text, images, and video, which helps businesses and professionals to create more diverse and interesting content that appeals to a wider range of people. ⑤Overall, while there are still challenges to be addressed in the development and implementation of these technologies, the potential benefits of AI in improving creative work are numerous and far-reaching. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Generative AI models automate content creation, saving time for businesses. These models produce diverse content types and personalize them, boosting customer engagement. Although there are challenges to overcome, AI undoubtedly offers numerous benefits for improving creative work. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Because AI-generated content is often of higher quality, with automated fact-checking ensuring accuracy, it surpasses human-created content in many cases. (Because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】Although there are challenges to overcome, AI undoubtedly offers numerous benefits for improving creative work. (Although引导的让步状语从句) Passage 3 3．(25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Role Do Patents Play? Patents have been with us since the 17th century. In exchange for disclosing one’s invention, the state grants a limited, legal monopoly over exploitation. In theory, the system encourages more innovation, for the good of society. Recently, however, voices of dissent have been rising. Legal costs are high. Specialists game the system to their advantage. Life-saving innovations are priced beyond the means of the poor. On July 26, at the Euroscience Open Forum, economist David Levine argued that patents were discouraging innovation. “When Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started developing the first Apple computers in a garage, they did not worry much about patents. They shared and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. They had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. If they had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, we would have no email and no smartphones,” he said. We can learn from David’s ideas that innovation thrives when patents are not in the way. Actually, the most important software innovations in the US occurred before the US began allowing software patenting. More recently, the pace of innovation has dramatically slowed. Today, patents are often used as weapons. In the 1950s, an American inventor filed so-called “submarine patents” to claim an early form of machine vision technology. When others, decades later, developed the barcode and other machine readers, he sued to protect his previously unnoticed patents and collected more than $1 billion — even though the real development work had been done by others. In addition, big companies today routinely cross-license patents to avoid blocking one another — but in the process, they also block new entrants that could disrupt the market, improve services and lower costs. That hurts consumers and inventors. In fact, patents actually harm the economy. In the US, the cost of patent trolls — firms that acquire strategic patents and use legal threats to extract steep royalties from real innovators — now amounts to 12 per cent of business R&D spending. It is, in essence, a new tax on innovation. One study of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the world’s first technology fair in London, found that only 10 per cent of the innovations on display had been patented. As you can see, society can be more innovative without patents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Patents harm innovation in three aspects. First, patents, without which ideas can spread freely, greatly hinder innovation. Second, patents are regarded as weapons. Submarine patents allow owners to profit from developers’ work, while cross-license patents favored by big companies commonly block new entrants. Last, patents hurt economy because patent trolls buy strategic patents and charge innovators royalties legally. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说专利在三个方面对创新造成了损害。首先，如果没有专利，思想就能自由传播，但专利的存在却极大地阻碍了创新。其次，专利被视为一种武器。海底专利使专利所有者能够从开发者的成果中获利，而大公司青睐的交叉许可专利通常会阻碍新进入者的进入。最后，专利损害了经济，因为专利流氓会购买具有战略意义的专利，并以合法的方式向创新者收取专利使用费。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①On July 26, at the Euroscience Open Forum, economist David Levine argued that patents were discouraging innovation. ②We can learn from David’s ideas that innovation thrives when patents are not in the way. Actually, the most important software innovations in the US occurred before the US began allowing software patenting. More recently, the pace of innovation has dramatically slowed. ③Today, patents are often used as weapons. In addition, big companies today routinely cross-license patents to avoid blocking one another — but in the process, they also block new entrants that could disrupt the market, improve services and lower costs. ④One study of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the world’s first technology fair in London, found that only 10 per cent of the innovations on display had been patented. As you can see, society can be more innovative without patents. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Patents are harmful for innovation in three aspects. First, patents, without which ideas can spread freely, greatly hamper innovation. Second, patents are considered as weapons. Submarine patents allow owners to profit from developers’ work, while cross-license patents favored by big companies commonly block new entrants. Last, patents hurt economy because patent trolls purchase strategic patents and charge innovators royalties legally. 【点睛】[高分句型1] First, patents, without which ideas can spread freely, greatly hinder innovation.运用介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Last, patents hurt economy because patent trolls buy strategic patents and charge innovators royalties legally.用because引导原因状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 Passage 4 4．(25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. British are having less children With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families. So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国人的生育数量比以往减少了。推迟生育年龄、养育孩子的高昂费用以及不稳定的经济形势都导致了人口下降。政府采取了诸如增加对儿童的补贴以及减少父母工作时间等措施，以鼓励人们多生育孩子。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. ②One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. ③First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3两个要点进行分论。 3.遣词造句 British people are having fewer children than before. The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline. The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The delayed child-bearing age, the high cost of raising a child and the unstable economic situation all contribute to the population decline.(运用动名词作宾语对第二段、第三段和第四段进行总结。) [高分句型2] The government has taken measures such as increasing the subsidies for children and reducing parents' working hours to encourage people to have more children.(用动名词作宾语、动词不定式短语作目的状语、动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。) Passage 5 5．(24-25高二上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·校考)Directions: Read the passage and write a summary within 60 words. Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.” Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create an annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.” Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who recites sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memory than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues (提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Summary: According to Schacter, absent-mindedness is caused by a lack of attention.There are several ways to improve the situation. First, pay attention to the major event and give the memory system needed information. Besides, have more interest in what’s happening around. Finally, put clear and available visual cues. If all these don’t work, return to where you were before. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据沙克特的说法，心不在焉是由缺乏注意力引起的。有几种方法可以改善这种情况。首先，关注重大事件，给记忆系统提供所需的信息。此外，对周围发生的事情更感兴趣。最后，设置清晰可用的视觉线索。如果这些都不起作用，回到你原来的地方。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. ②Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. ③Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. ④Visual cues (提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. ⑤The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说和总结。 3.遣词造句 According to Schacter, absent-mindedness is caused by a lack of attention. There are several ways to improve the situation. First, pay attention to the major event and give the memory system needed information. Besides, have more interest in what’s happening around. Finally, put clear and available visual cues. If all these don’t work, return to where you were before. 【点睛】[高分句型1]  Besides, have more interest in what’s happening around.(运用了what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] If all these don’t work, return to where you were before.(运用了if引导条件状语从句和where引导的宾语从句) 三、人与自然 Passage 1 1．(24-25高三上·上海松江区·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable? In the world of environmental conservation, many people think nature regeneration projects are mainly about charity, not profit. This idea has wrapped around our common awareness, casting such efforts as noble but financially unreliable pursuits. However, is this assumption accurate? With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. These credits are like tickets that organizations can buy or sell. When they invest in restoring ecosystems, they earn credits that can be traded for money. This gives conservation a real purpose to help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a world where information travels rapidly and opinions are formed swiftly, having a good public image is without doubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, from building trust and credibility to attracting opportunities and encouraging better relationships, all helping businesses make profits in the long run. Hancock adds that the fields of profitability do not end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. Hancock has also proved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destruction of soil and improves soil structure, making the land more adaptable to weather extremes, such as floods and droughts, and consequently increases productivity. Such projects reveal the hidden values that lie within environmental restoration. If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. Businesses get profits directly by selling carbon credits and indirectly from the enhanced public image. Moreover, farmers profit from improved productivity with organic matters and a more adaptive land. With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world. (50 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科里·汉考克表示，再生自然是有利可图的。企业可以通过出售碳信用额度直接获利，也可以通过提高公众形象间接获利。此外，农民从有机物质和适应性更强的土地的生产力提高中获利。有了更多类似的自然再生实践，我们将拥有一个可持续发展的世界。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. ②According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. ③Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. ④By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. ⑤ If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4、5三个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Corey Hancock says regeneration is naturally profitable. Companies can profit directly by selling carbon credits or indirectly by raising their public profile. In addition, farmers profit from increased productivity from organic matter and more adaptable land. With more natural regeneration practices like this, we will have a sustainable world. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. (运用了省略连接代词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world. (运用了with的复合结构) Passage 2 2．(23-24高三上·上海晋元高级中学·月考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them? Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city. All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems. One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park. Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature. Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Architects are trying to make cities greener. Their common approach is using technology to bring in some nature elements. Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed to be eco-friendly but actually isn’t. Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems. So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously. 【导语】本文是议论文。建筑师们正努力让城市变得更环保。他们常用的方法是利用技术引入一些自然元素。苹果公司的“宇宙飞船”园区声称是环保的，但实际上并非如此。这样的项目无济于事，因为建筑并不是环境问题的真正原因。因此，应该努力使城市及其居民与自然和谐共处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. ②But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems. ③One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. ④Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. ⑤Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them. 2. 缜密构思 将1、 2、 3、 4、 5五个要点进行整合重组。 3. 遣词造句 Architects are trying to make cities greener. Their common approach is using technology to bring in some nature elements. Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed to be eco-friendly but actually isn’t. Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems. So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems.(because引导的原因状语从句) [高分句型2]So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously.(含情态动词的被动语态) Passage 3 3．Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A plan to restore green spaces The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces. The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space. As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers. New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation” which is roughly 25 years. Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via water purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (56) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，英国政府计划通过观察绿色植物的净化和扩展来保护濒危野生动物。大规模恢复生态环境的目的是在基金的支持下，消除绿色空间的不平等，促进生物多样性。尽管长期规划的意图是环保，但一些人怀疑这些目标是否可以实现。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. ②It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces. ③The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. ④At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. ⑤As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. ⑥Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. ⑦Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2和6、7几个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via water purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.(运用了不定式作宾语) [高分句型2] Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句) Passage 4 4．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (感染). Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some scientific studies have indicated that the noise pollution caused by human activities is an increasing threat to ocean animals, though further research is required to get more specific information. Therefore, to protect ocean animals from being further hurt, it is suggested that a noise limit in oceans should be set. 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了声音污染对海洋生物的影响。一些科学家建议将海洋噪音限制在120分贝以内，但研究海洋声音的研究人员却认为这意味着很多海洋科学研究的结束。因此对于海洋噪音对海洋动物造成伤害的界限仍然有点模糊。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. ② Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. ③Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. ④Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. 2. 缜密构思 第1个要点总起介绍相关概念，第2、3个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了关于海洋噪音120分贝的两方意见，第4个要点对全文进行总结归纳，阐述现在所面临的问题。 3. 遣词造句 ①Some scientific studies have indicated that the noise pollution caused by human activities is an increasing threat to ocean animals ②+③further research is required to get more specific information. ④ to protect ocean animals from being further hurt, it is suggested that a noise limit in oceans should be set. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Some scientific studies have indicated that the noise pollution caused by human activities is an increasing threat to ocean animals（that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2] it is suggested that a noise limit in oceans should be set.（it作形式主语） Passage 5 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular. Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes. Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay. The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括海洋中的含氧量正在迅速下降，危及海洋生物。工业污染物，尤其是塑料废物和二氧化碳的增加，是最致命的原因，全球变暖是另一个原因，最后，精耕细作也是氧气流失的罪魁祸首，因为它的废物喂养藻类，藻类消耗大量氧气，我们应采取措施应对这一被忽视的威胁。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题06 概要写作进阶练15篇（期末复习专项训练） 一、人与自我 1 二、人与社会 11 三、人与自然 21 一、人与自我 Passage 1 1．(24-25高二上·上海交通大学附属中学·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Emotional Eating? Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger. We’ve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test. But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being. Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it’s caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they’re stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine’s Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. More often, though, it’s the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or distraction in food. Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with comfort. It’s not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what’s going on. We’re all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasn’t suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner?). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain. The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you did. That’s why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, check in and see which type of hunger is driving it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 2．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Marketing Success of the Staley Cup Quencher In the world of drinkware, the Stanley Cup Quencher has emerged as a true success story, captivating consumers and dominating the market. This insulated tumbler has become a household name, with its popularity soaring across various demographics. The Stanley Cup Quencher’s success is not just a matter of luck; it is a testament to the power of effective product positioning. The company identified its target market as millennials and Gen Z consumers who value durability, style, and functionality in their drinkware. These consumers lead active lifestyles and are always on the go. Stanley recognized that this demographic was underserved in the drinkware market and saw an opportunity to fill that gap. To appeal to this target market, Stanley developed a unique selling proposition (USP) for the Cup Quencher. The USP focused on the product’s ability to keep drinks hot or cold for hours, its durable construction and its fashionable, modern design. By emphasizing these key features, Stakley positioned the Cup Quencher as the perfect companion for busy, active lifestyles. Stanley also differentiated the Cup Quencher from its competitors by focusing on the product’s versatility. While many insulated tumblers are marketed solely for keeping drinks hot or cold, Stanley positioned the Cup Quencher as a multi-purpose tool that could be used for everything from morning coffee to evening cocktails. This versatility appealed to consumers who value products that can serve multiple functions and adapt to their changing needs throughout the day. Finally, tapping into emotional appeal and lifestyle branding can be a powerful way to connect with your target audience. By associating your product with a particular set of values, aspirations, or experiences, you can create an emotional bond with consumers that goes beyond the product’s tangible benefits. Stanley’s marketing campaigns for the Cup Quencher portrayed it as a lifestyle accessory for adventurous, independent, and stylish consumers, which resonated with their target audience on an emotional level. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 3．(24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Combating Cyberbullying: A Guide for Adults to Protect and Support Children If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, address the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. If you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied, I advise you to ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is addressed promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional distress and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 4．(24-25高二上·上海位育中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 5．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·月考)Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Read with Eyes or Ears Picture yourself sitting at home in a quiet reading nook, ignoring the world around you, absorbed in a tale. You read the blurb, instantly became intrigued and now you’re in the middle of an absolute page-turner. But, there’s a hot debate-physical books vs. books vs. audiobooks. Does the device you’re using to read affect your reaction to the book? Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain. There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social perception. So, whichever way you’re reading, there are definitely benefits. But, let’s look at the pros to reading with your eyes-that’s physical books and e-books. They can help to retain information better. This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which it likely will at some point or other. On the other hand, there’s the audiobook. Headphones in, you’re switched off from life and the story really comes alive, almost like watching a film-in your head. From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a greater sense of empathy as you hear the emotion of the narrator. We can more easily understand inflection and intonation. Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, heightening the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more. All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks. Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format. It may just change your whole literary experience. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、人与社会 Passage 1 1．(24-25高二上·上海长宁区·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America. Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app. What explains the return of the dumb phone? One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead. But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 2．(23-24高二上·上海嘉定区·期末)Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Generative AI Is Changing Creative Work Large language and image AI models, sometimes called generative AI or foundation models, have created a new set of opportunities for businesses and professionals that perform content creation. Experts have maintained that AI has the potential to revolutionize creative work. To begin with, it has realized automated content generation. Generative AI uses complex machine learning models to interpret and manipulate pre-existing data, thus generating content, such as articles, blog posts, or social media posts automatically. This can be a valuable time-saving tool for businesses and professional who create content on a regular basis. AI-generated content is also very likely to be of higher quality than content created by humans due to the fact that AI models are able to learn from a large amount of data and identify patterns that humans may not be able to see. For instance, through automated fact-checking, namely, automatically comparing the information to trusted sources and databases, generative AI can help ensure that information presented in articles or social media posts is accurate and truthful. AI models can generate a variety of content types, including text, images, and video, which helps businesses and professionals to create more diverse and interesting content that appeals to a wider range of people. Generative AI can help them personalize the content and boost customer engagement, too. One application could be in creating personalized email marketing campaigns. Businesses can employ AI powered software to achieve subject line and email body personalization and address recipients by their name or organization, which helps businesses’ widely-distributed general email feel more personal. Overall, while there are still challenges to be addressed in the development and implementation of these technologies, the potential benefits of AI in improving creative work are numerous and far-reaching. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 3．(25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Role Do Patents Play? Patents have been with us since the 17th century. In exchange for disclosing one’s invention, the state grants a limited, legal monopoly over exploitation. In theory, the system encourages more innovation, for the good of society. Recently, however, voices of dissent have been rising. Legal costs are high. Specialists game the system to their advantage. Life-saving innovations are priced beyond the means of the poor. On July 26, at the Euroscience Open Forum, economist David Levine argued that patents were discouraging innovation. “When Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started developing the first Apple computers in a garage, they did not worry much about patents. They shared and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. They had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, and borrowed ideas from their network of fellow geeks. If they had had to pay royalties on all the software they borrowed, we would have no email and no smartphones,” he said. We can learn from David’s ideas that innovation thrives when patents are not in the way. Actually, the most important software innovations in the US occurred before the US began allowing software patenting. More recently, the pace of innovation has dramatically slowed. Today, patents are often used as weapons. In the 1950s, an American inventor filed so-called “submarine patents” to claim an early form of machine vision technology. When others, decades later, developed the barcode and other machine readers, he sued to protect his previously unnoticed patents and collected more than $1 billion — even though the real development work had been done by others. In addition, big companies today routinely cross-license patents to avoid blocking one another — but in the process, they also block new entrants that could disrupt the market, improve services and lower costs. That hurts consumers and inventors. In fact, patents actually harm the economy. In the US, the cost of patent trolls — firms that acquire strategic patents and use legal threats to extract steep royalties from real innovators — now amounts to 12 per cent of business R&D spending. It is, in essence, a new tax on innovation. One study of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the world’s first technology fair in London, found that only 10 per cent of the innovations on display had been patented. As you can see, society can be more innovative without patents. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 4．(25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·校考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. British are having less children With the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, compared with the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having, their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children. Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive. In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families. So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the state each month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 5．(24-25高二上·上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学·校考)Directions: Read the passage and write a summary within 60 words. Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.” Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create an annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.” Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who recites sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memory than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues (提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、人与自然 Passage 1 1．(24-25高三上·上海松江区·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable? In the world of environmental conservation, many people think nature regeneration projects are mainly about charity, not profit. This idea has wrapped around our common awareness, casting such efforts as noble but financially unreliable pursuits. However, is this assumption accurate? With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. These credits are like tickets that organizations can buy or sell. When they invest in restoring ecosystems, they earn credits that can be traded for money. This gives conservation a real purpose to help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a world where information travels rapidly and opinions are formed swiftly, having a good public image is without doubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, from building trust and credibility to attracting opportunities and encouraging better relationships, all helping businesses make profits in the long run. Hancock adds that the fields of profitability do not end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. Hancock has also proved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destruction of soil and improves soil structure, making the land more adaptable to weather extremes, such as floods and droughts, and consequently increases productivity. Such projects reveal the hidden values that lie within environmental restoration. If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 2．(23-24高三上·上海晋元高级中学·月考)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them? Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city. All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems. One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park. Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature. Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 3．Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A plan to restore green spaces The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces. The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space. As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers. New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation” which is roughly 25 years. Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 4．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期末)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (感染). Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s. The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular. Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes. Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay. The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $