UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

[对应知能达标训练P1] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．—Do you know why Mr.Black resigned from the firm? —He asked for a wage(工资) rise，but was turned down in the end. 2．Although these young men are physically mature (成熟的)，they still act like children. 3．Respecting others is a virtue(美德) and being respected is a great pleasure. 4．James had his licence(执照) taken away by the police a year ago for drink-driving. 5．When looking for someone to hire，you look for three qualities: integrity (正直诚实)，intelligence and energy. 6．The government has a commitment(承诺) to provide urban citizens with improved community services and facilities. 7．He won the general election(选举) and became the President of the country. 8．The librarian(图书馆管理员) reminded the freshmen to put the magazines where they were after finishing reading them. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Tom says the election(elect) is an uphill battle for him，but he feels he is making headway. 2．Praises spread around the classroom and even Miss Walker nodded with approval(approve). 3．No matter what difficulty you will meet with，carry out your commitment(commit) until you make it. 4．(2024·山东济南高二联考)A series of measures were introduced to make sure the endangered species was free from illegal(legal) hunting. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A torch (手电筒) along with suitable (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 6．Instantly (instant) he woke up，he buried himself in study in order to be admitted to Beijing University. 7．(2025·浙江卷1月)There's no value in delivering any kind of communication，whether written，spoken，formal，or informal，if the message doesn't come across clearly. 8．(2025·北京卷)While raising an adult is a parent's job，it's also our responsibility(responsible) as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 9．Credit cards tempt you to spend (spend) more than you otherwise might have. 10．(2025·全国一卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy，according to Tu Ningning，who is in charge of the exhibition. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．我觉得我们仿佛已认识很多年了，但实际上我们是五分钟前才认识的。(as if引导方式状语从句) I felt as if we had known each other for many years，but actually we got to know each other only five minutes ago. 2．这是我第一次离开家，所以我觉得很难适应这里的新生活。(形式宾语) This is the first time that I have been away from home，so I find it hard to adapt to the new life here. 3．微笑并不一定意味着你快乐。有时候，它仅仅意味着你足够坚强去面对困难。(enough to do) Smiling doesn't necessarily mean you're happy.Sometimes，it just means that you're strong enough to face difficulties． Ⅳ.课文语法填空 In most countries，turning 18 1.marks(mark) the start of adulthood.In this text，three young people tell us 2.what turning 18 means，or meant，to them. 16-year-old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough 3.to vote(vote) in the election and have a say on how the government spends the taxes.Though Bethany's mum，an ambulance driver，worries about her 4.being(be) behind the wheel，Bethany thinks she can take 5.responsibility (responsible) for her life and the lives of other people. Lin Ning，19-year-old from Shanghai in China，celebrated his 18th birthday just before he 6.went(go) to university.He expected to feel 7.instantly(instant) different，but it wasn't like that.In fact，the change has been more subtle and gradual than he imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be，he has begun to feel more aware 8.of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility. Morgan，20-year-old from Florida in the US，used to believe he should become 9.more independent (independence) at the age of 18，but the reality for him has been very different.Because he contributes to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive，he finds 10.it hard to save any money. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·全国一卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year，I met a cowboy who saved his town，a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's，and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once，I found myself wondering just how my students，who'd created these people，knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay，which was about the question：“ Why is writing important？”Most of the essays filled less than one page，and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers，but writing，in and of itself，simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change. As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering．The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However，my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June，I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people，to put us in another's skin，to teach us what it means to be human. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位写作课老师的教学经历。学生最初对写作的重要性缺乏理解，但在作者调整教学主题后，他们的创作热情和成果令人惊叹，这让作者认识到写作最有影响力的意义在于连接人心、传递人性。 1．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Ninth graders. B．Students' parents. C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters. 解析　推断判断题。由第一段首句可知，在作者九年级写作课上，作者遇见了一个骑马牧人、一位严厉的父亲和一个当代的“朱丽叶”。再根据第一段第二句可知，这些人物都是作者的学生创作的。由此可推知，这些人物应该都是学生在写作中创作的虚构人物。A项“九年级学生”是创作者；B项“学生的父母”未提及；C项“现代作家”与文意不符。故选D。 答案　D 2．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary. C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，学生的第一篇作文的题目是“写作为什么重要？”，结果大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有能被称作论点的句子，即学生写作表现不好。然后作者对此进行了思考，意识到问题出在题目本身，学生本可以就电脑的必要性写几页文字，却压根不觉得写作本身有何重要。再结合第三段的“This time they found the exercise much more interesting.”可推知，学生们的第一篇文章写得不好是因为学生对写作的重要性缺乏理解，对话题缺乏兴趣。故选D。 答案　D 3．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories...touched my heart.”可知，这一次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事每篇10到20页长，角色既拓宽了作者的视野，又触动了作者的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是令人惊叹的，故画线词与B项的含义最为接近。A项“混合的”；C项“相似的”；D项“令人不安的”均不符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 4．What does the author's experience show? A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep. C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I walked into class believing that writing is important...my students demonstrated something more important to me.”和“the ability to connect people，to put us in another's skin，to teach us what it means to be human”可知，最初走进教室时，作者认为写作的重要性在于它是沟通的工具，但学生们向作者展示了其更深刻的意义，即连接人心、共情他人、理解人性，这体现了A项的“教学相长”。B项“静水流深”；C项“知识就是力量”；D项“熟能生巧”。故选A。 答案　A B Turning 18 is a big deal when you are a teenager.It means you are responsible for yourself and don't need your parents' permission any more.However，there are lots of opinions about when one becomes an adult.Some are based on science，while others are personal opinions.While currently the age is 18，science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood，and I agree. While studying the brain of teenagers，scientists have learned that when kids are around 18，their prefrontal cortex(前额皮层) is only halfway developed.The prefrontal cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly.That halfway development means that you still have things to learn and your brains still have time to develop until the age of 25. Some people think going off to college and living on your own qualify you as an adult，while others may believe having a steady income and being able to afford to live on your own are what make you an adult.Not everyone has a fortunate life where they have family that can provide support；there are situations where you are forced to become an “adult” whether you like it or not. In the foster care(寄养) system，once a child turns 18，he or she is considered an adult and can no longer receive state-sponsored support.These children are forced into a life where they have no family or anyone to support them other than those who were there for them in the system. Having a quality job will allow you to supply yourself with necessary things to live and help you become a more mature and responsible person.Also，going through difficult times and realizing life isn't as easy as it seems，but should qualify someone as an adult. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一个人什么时候算是成年了，人们有着不同的观点，有些观点是根据科学，而有些是个人观点。 5．What is the author's attitude toward considering 25 as an age for adulthood? A．Cautious. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 解析　观点态度题。根据第一段的最后一句话“While currently the age is 18，science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood，and I agree.”可知，对于将25岁视为成年年龄，作者是持肯定态度的。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．Give a definition of adulthood. B．Stress the importance of family support. C．Prove not everyone lives a fortunate life. D．Show opinion on becoming an adult is divided. 解析　写作意图题。根据第三段的内容“Some people think...as an adult，while others may believe...make you an adult...become an ‘adult’ whether you like it or not.”可以推断出，此处作者是为了表明对于什么时候算是成年人了，人们的观点是有分歧的。故选D。 答案　D 7．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Families. B．Children in the foster system. C．Workers in the foster system. D．Adults. 解析　代词指代题。根据句意分析句子可知，句中的代词“those”指的是寄养系统中为孩子们提供帮助的人，那么他们帮助的肯定是寄养系统中的孩子。故选B。 答案　B 8．What is one standard qualifying you as an adult according to the author? A．Setting up a family. B．Being responsible for your study. C．Accepting and learning from the low moments in life. D．Buying yourself quality things to live. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“Also，going through difficult times and realizing life isn't as easy as it seems，but should qualify someone as an adult.”可知，在生活中经历了低谷时期，理解生活不易，且能从中学习的人，算是成年人了。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 When I was growing up，I had an old neighbor named Dr.Gibbs.He didn't look like any doctor I'd 1 known.When Dr.Gibbs wasn't 2 lives，he was planting trees. The good doctor had some 3 theories on planting trees.He believed in “No pain，no gain”．He never 4 his new trees，which was 5 many people.He thought that watering plants spoiled(宠坏) them，and that if you wanted strong trees，you would have to make things 6 for them.He talked about how watering trees 7 shallow roots，and how trees that weren't watered had to grow deep roots in 8 of water.I came to understand that he meant deep roots were to be 9 ．The lack of water seemed to 10 the trees in ways comfort and ease never could. I used to 11 for my sons that their lives will be easy.But 12 I've been thinking that it's time to 13 my prayer.I know my children are going to meet 14 and I'm praying they will be strong.The prayer for comfort is seldom met.What we need to do is to pray for deep roots，so when the winds blow，they won't be 15 away. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者的邻居Gibbs医生独特的种树方法，这让作者悟出应该让自己的孩子吃点儿苦。 1．A.even B．never C．ever D．hardly 解析　根据“I'd...known”可知，此处表示他看起来不像“我”认识的任何一个医生，也就是他不像“我”曾经(ever)认识的任何一个医生。 答案　C 2．A.valuing B．making C．enjoying D．saving 解析　Gibbs是医生，由后面的lives可知，此处表示 Gibbs医生不救人(save)的时候，就去种树。 答案　D 3．A.horrible B．dull C．interesting D．terrible 解析　根据“He thought that watering plants spoiled them”可知，他认为浇水会毁掉树，这是很有趣的(interesting)理论。 答案　C 4．A.watered B．raised C．loved D．sheltered 解析　由后文的“He thought that watering plants spoiled them”可知，他认为浇水会毁掉树，因此他不给他的新树浇水(water)。 答案　A 5．A.against B．beyond C．within D．from 解析　由“He never...his new trees”可知，他从不给他的新树浇水，这是许多人所不能理解的，也就是超出(beyond)很多人的理解范围。 答案　B 6．A.harmful B．tough C．favorable D．wonderful 解析　根据“He thought that watering plants spoiled them”可知，他认为浇水会毁掉树，如果你想要强壮的树，你就得让它们吃苦(tough)。 答案　B 7．A.headed for B．made for C．allowed for D．cared for 解析　根据“watering trees...shallow roots”和“trees that weren't watered had to grow deep roots”可知，此处表示用水浇灌的树的根是浅的，也就是用水浇树会导致(make for)根系很浅。 答案　B 8．A.charge B．favor C．honor D．search 解析　由“trees that weren't watered had to grow deep roots in...of water”可知，此处表示没有浇水的树的根必须钻入深深的泥土寻找(in search of)水源。in search of 为固定短语，意为“寻找”。 答案　D 9．A.treasured B．challenged C．respected D．liked 解析　由“deep roots were to be...”可知，此处意为“他的意思是要珍惜(treasure)深根”。 答案　A 10．A.harm B．raise C．benefit D．hurt 解析　由“The lack of water seemed to...the trees in ways comfort and ease never could.”及上文提到的没有浇水的树的根必须钻入深深的泥土寻找水源，且深根对植物有好处可知，缺水似乎给树木带来了舒适和安逸永远无法带来的好处。benefit“使受益”，符合语境。 答案　C 11．A.stand B．apply C．pray D．call 解析　由“it's time to...my prayer”可知，此处表示“我”曾经为“我”的儿子们祈祷(pray)……。 答案　C 12．A.perfectly B．formally C．obviously D．lately 解析　由前面的“I used to...for my sons that their lives will be easy.”和 but表转折可知，此处表示“但是最近(lately)我一直在想是时候改变我的祈祷了”。 答案　D 13．A.attend B．say C．change D．keep 解析　由“I used to...for my sons that their lives will be easy.”及but 表转折可知，此处表示“我”觉得是时候改变(change)“我”的祈祷了。 答案　C 14．A.hardships B．worries C．bosses D．jobs 解析　根据“I'm praying they will be strong”可知，“我”的孩子们会遇到困难(hardship)，所以“我”祈祷他们会坚强。 答案　A 15．A.given B．sent C．broken D．swept 解析　根据常识可知，根深的树不会被大风摧毁(sweep away)。 答案　D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $